| on the innervation of the donkey testis. | the innervation pattern of the adult donkey testis was investigated by immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. autonomous nerves reach the testis by three access-routes as funicular, mesorchial and caudal contributions. from these, the funicular contribution accompanying the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus is the strongest and most important one. testicular innervation in the donkey is not uniform. the spermatic cord as well as the epididymal region, cranial and ca ... | 2000 | 10668554 |
| plant cyanogenic glycosides. | the cyanogenic glycosides belong to the products of secondary metabolism, to the natural products of plants. these compounds are composed of an alpha-hydroxynitrile type aglycone and of a sugar moiety (mostly d-glucose). the distribution of the cyanogenic glycosides (cgs) in the plant kingdom is relatively wide, the number of cg-containing taxa is at least 2500, and a lot of such taxa belong to families fabaceae, rosaceae, linaceae, compositae and others. different methods of determination are d ... | 2000 | 10669009 |
| differential regulation of fgf-1 and -2 mitogenic activity is related to their kinetics of binding to heparan sulfate in mda-mb-231 human breast cancer cells. | the growth of the malignant human mammary mda-mb-231 cells is stimulated by fibroblast growth factor-1 (fgf-1) but not by fgf-2. when these cells are cultured in the presence of chlorate, an inhibitor of heparan sulfate (hs) sulfation, their proliferation is stimulated by both fgf-1 and fgf-2. we analyzed the interactions of fgf-1 and fgf-2 with hs purified from the cell layer and the culture medium of control and chlorate-treated mda-mb-231 cells. the hs from the cell layer bound fgf-1 with fas ... | 2000 | 10673367 |
| prevalence of hydatidosis among donkeys in northern jordan. | one hundred and thirty donkeys (equus asinus), aged between 5 months and 14 years of age, from the irbid governorate in northern jordan were necropsied between november 1997-may 1999. of these animals, 16.9% had hydatid cysts in either their lungs and/or livers. no donkeys of 3 years of age or less were infected, where as 33.3% (22 of 66) aged 4 years or greater were infected. intensity of infection increased with age in a linear fashion. the prevalence also increased with age approaching an asy ... | 2000 | 10681020 |
| comparison of the phenotypes of streptococcus zooepidemicus isolated from tonsils of healthy horses and specimens obtained from foals and donkeys with pneumonia. | to determine whether streptococcal pneumonia is caused by strains of streptococcus zooepidemicus similar to those obtained from the tonsils of healthy horses. | 2000 | 10685688 |
| ion pair skin transport of a zwitterionic drug, cephalexin. | the ion pair skin transport of cephalexin was investigated using various counter ions and solvents. the permeability of cephalexin was enhanced by 1-alkylsulfonates (ass) at ph 3.0 and by tetraalkylammoniums (aas) at ph 7.0; the enhancing ratio increased with the number of carbon atoms in their alkyl chains. the corresponding effects of these additives were observed on the partitioning of cephalexin. most of the additives did not affect the skin transport of d-mannitol and cortisone. these resul ... | 2000 | 10708879 |
| 1,2-dibenzamidobenzene inhibitors of human factor xa. | high-throughput screening of a combinatorial library of diamidophenols yielded lead compounds with the ability to inhibit human factor xa (fxa) at micromolar concentrations (e.g. compound 4, fxa apparent k(ass) = 0.64 x 10(6) l/mol). sar studies in this novel structural series of fxa inhibitors showed that the phenolic hydroxyl group was not essential for activity. the best activity was found in substituted 1,2-dibenzamidobenzenes in which the phenyl group of one benzoyl group (a-ring) was subst ... | 2000 | 10715153 |
| n(2)-aroylanthranilamide inhibitors of human factor xa. | reversal of the a-ring amide link in 1,2-dibenzamidobenzene 1 (fxa k(ass) = 0.81 x 10(6) l/mol) led to a series of human factor xa (hfxa) inhibitors based on n(2)-aroylanthranilamide 4. expansion of the sar around 4 showed that only small planar substituents could be accommodated in the a-ring for binding to the s1 site of hfxa. bulky groups such as 4-isopropyl, 4-tert-butyl, and 4-dimethylamino were favored in the b-ring to interact with the s4 site of hfxa. the central (c) ring containing a 5- ... | 2000 | 10715154 |
| structure-based design of potent, amidine-derived inhibitors of factor xa: evaluation of selectivity, anticoagulant activity, and antithrombotic activity. | to enhance the potency of 1,2-dibenzamidobenzene-derived inhibitors of factor xa (fxa), an amidine substituent was incorporated on one of the benzoyl side chains to interact with asp189 in the s1 specificity pocket. lead molecule 1 was docked into the active site of fxa to facilitate inhibitor design. subsequently, iterative sar studies and molecular modeling led to a 1000-fold increase in fxa affinity and a refined model of the new inhibitors in the fxa active site. strong support for the compu ... | 2000 | 10715155 |
| diagnosis of sporotrichosis in a donkey using direct fluorescein-labeled antibody testing. | a 4-year-old female donkey residing in an open field in indiana was admitted for evaluation of facial lesions of 2 years duration. cytologic and histologic examination of exudate and tissue from the lesions revealed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous yeasts. sporothrix schenckii was suspected to be the infectious agent; however, multiple culture attempts did not provide positive identification of the organism. serologic examination supported infection with s. schenckii. a spe ... | 2000 | 10730954 |
| estrous cycle characteristics and response to estrus synchronization in mammoth asses (equus asinus americanus). | breeding records from a herd of mammoth asses (equus asinus americanus) maintained on pasture in southeast texas from 1990 to 1998 were reviewed. jennies were pasture or hand mated, and estrus was either observed while the jennies were on pasture or when exposed to a jack after being penned. eighty-one estrus periods and 43 diestrus intervals were recorded in 33 jennies over 4 seasons of the year (january-march, april-june, july-september, and october-december). estrous cycle length and the dura ... | 1999 | 10735123 |
| detection of antibodies to leishmania donovani in animals in a kala-azar endemic region in eastern sudan: a preliminary report. | the prevalence of antibodies against leishmania donovani in selected domestic and wild animal species in 2 villages in sudan with active l. donovani transmission in humans was investigated. screening of domestic animals (donkeys, cows, sheep, goats, camels and dogs) with the direct agglutination test (dat) detected reaction rates above the cut-off titres in donkeys (68.7%), cows (21.4%) and goats (8.5%), and which were also found in wild rats (5.5%). sera of sheep, camels and dogs had a weak agg ... | 2000 | 10748894 |
| role of c-peptide in human physiology. | the c-peptide of proinsulin is important for the biosynthesis of insulin but has for a long time been considered to be biologically inert. data now indicate that c-peptide in the nanomolar concentration range binds specifically to cell surfaces, probably to a g protein-coupled surface receptor, with subsequent activation of ca(2+)-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. the association rate constant, k(ass), for c-peptide binding to endothelial cells, renal tubular cells, and fibroblasts is ... | 2000 | 10780930 |
| [ass or clopidogrel? in high vascular risk it is best to give both]. | | 2000 | 10783615 |
| results of radiotherapy for epithelial skin cancer of the pinna: the princess margaret hospital experience, 1982-1993. | to assess the treatment outcome, late toxicity, and prognostic factors for radiotherapy (rt) of carcinoma of the pinna. | 2000 | 10802373 |
| long-term prevention of ischaemic stroke and stroke recurrence. | stroke is the third most important cause of mortality, but the leading cause of severe handicap, dependency, and loss of social competence. because of the high recurrence rate, active secondary prevention is mandatory once a stroke has occurred. secondary prevention of stroke implies the primary prevention of cardiovascular disorders as well. among the modifiable risk factors hypertension is worst and should be normalized according to recent who criteria, also in the elderly. smoking is another ... | 2000 | 10812161 |
| [history of kraków hematology]. | the development of the studies of the blood diseases at the iiird department of internal medicine and later at the department of hematology of the medical academy and subsequently the collegium medicum at the jagiellonian university in the years 1950 to 2000 are presented here. the cracow hematological center, headed by professor julian aleksandrowicz from 1950 to 1979, by professor julian blicharski from 1979 to 1989, by ass. professor jerzy lisiewicz from 1990 to 1993, and presently by aleksan ... | 2000 | 10822988 |
| comparative infectivity of fasciola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the bolivian altiplano high human endemic region. | fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica (linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic disease on the northern bolivian altiplano, where human prevalences and intensities are the highest known, sheep and cattle are the main reservoir hosts, and pigs and donkeys the secondary ones. investigations were carried out to study the viability of metacercariae experimentally obtained from eggs shed by naturally infected altiplanic sheep, cattle, pigs and donkeys. a total of 157 wistar rats were infected with doses of 5, 1 ... | 2000 | 10833011 |
| the sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine-butorphanol and detomidine alone in donkeys. | butorphanol and detomidine constitute an effective combination for sedation and analgesia in horses. this trial was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of this combination in donkeys. the detomidine and butorphanol were given intravenously one after the other. a dose of 10 microg/kg of detomidine and 25 microg/kg of butorphanol was used. sedation is easily extended by additional doses of butorphanol. the average dose of detomidine was 11.24 microg/kg and that of butorphanol was 28.0 microg/kg ... | 1999 | 10852680 |
| cationic mixed micelles in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin: a host-guest study. | the conductances of trimethyltetradecylammonium bromide (ttab)+triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide (ttpb) and ttab+trimethylhexadecylammonium bromide (htab) over the entire mole fraction range of ttab (alpha(ttab)) were measured in water and in beta-cyclodextrin+water (cd+w) mixtures at fixed 4 and 8 mm of cd at 30 degrees c. the conductivity plots for both binary mixtures show a single break from which the mixed critical micelle concentration (cmc) and degree of micelle ionization (chi) were ... | 2000 | 10860597 |
| novel 67-bp insertional mutation in the ass gene in a patient with citrullinemia. | | 2000 | 10862106 |
| clinical, bacteriologic, serologic, and pathologic features of infections with atypical taylorella equigenitalis in mares. | to characterize clinical, serologic, bacteriologic, cytologic, and pathologic endometrial responses of mares to 2 donkey-origin atypical bacterial isolates resembling taylorella equigenitalis. | 2000 | 10863594 |
| glycosylation in the near-term epitheliochorial placenta of the horse, donkey and camel: a comparative study of interbreeding and non-interbreeding species. | studies from this laboratory have shown great diversity in the glycosylation of tissues comprising the interhaemal barrier of species with different placental types. this diversity may be one of the factors preventing interbreeding between species. glycan expression within the uterine epithelium and trophoblast of the interhaemal barrier was examined to test this proposition in three species with similar diffuse, microcotyledonary, epitheliochorial allantochorionic types of placenta: the horse ( ... | 2000 | 10864805 |
| [safety and feasibility of intracoronary brachytherapy with the novoste system within the scope of international multicenter studies]. | clinical trials are increasingly investigating the effects of intracoronary radiation for the treatment of de-novo lesions, restenosis (without stents), and in-stent restenosis. as the first group in germany, we had the opportunity to use the novoste system within the international multicenter studies beta-cath, start and brie and report our preliminary experience regarding safety and feasibility of intracoronary brachytherapy with this afterloader. a total of 95 patients were enrolled. the novo ... | 2000 | 10868007 |
| immunological surrogate parameters in a prognostic model for multi-organ failure and death. | to assess the ability of clinical or biochemical parameters to predict outcome (survival or non-survival; severe or moderate/no complication) using multiple regression analyses. | 2000 | 10903188 |
| an immunological profile of balb/c mice protected from airborne challenge following vaccination with a live attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine. | the live attenuated vaccine strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), tc-83, protects mice against challenge (subcutaneous and aerosol) with virulent veev but is not suitable for widescale human use. elucidation of the immune response profile of protected mice should assist in the development of an improved vaccine. we determined the optimum dose of tc-83 required to consistently protect balb/c mice from airborne challenge with the virulent trinidad donkey strain of veev and studied ... | 2000 | 10930689 |
| the tetracycline repressor-a paradigm for a biological switch. | the excessive use of antibiotics has enabled bacteria to develop resistance through a variety of mechanisms. the most common bacteriostatic action of the broad-spectrum antibiotic tetracycline (tc) is by the inactivation of the bacterial ribosome so that the protein biosynthesis is interrupted and the bacteria die. the most common mechanism of resistance in gram-negative bacteria against tc is associated with the membrane-intrinsic protein teta, which exports invaded tc out of the bacterial cell ... | 2000 | 10941016 |
| new genetic variants identified in donkey's milk whey proteins. | novel genetic variants for donkey milk lysozyme and beta-lactoglobulins i and ii have been identified by the combined use of peptide mass mapping and sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry in association with database searching. the novel donkey lysozyme variant designated as lysozyme b (mr 14,631 da) differed in three amino acid exchanges, n49 --> d, y52 --> s, and s61 --> n, from the previously published sequence. three novel genetic variants for donkey beta-lactoglobulins were identified. one ... | 2000 | 10945434 |
| camel: a new egyptian host for fasciola gigantica. | f. gigantica is a known liver fluke in egypt. infection has been reported in sheep, goats, buffaloes, cows and donkeys. human cases have been reported from several governorates. this paper records camels as an additional host for f. gigantica in egypt. in such materials worms attained a length of 6.0-6.3 cm. | 2000 | 10946507 |
| telomerase activity in gliomas with the use of non-radioisotopic and semi-quantitative procedure for terminal repeat amplification protocol. | to study the role of telomerase in the pathogenesis of different grades and subtype of gliomas, telomerase activity in 31 gliomas was assessed with the use of non-radioisotopic and semi-quantitative procedures for the terminal repeat amplification protocol in this study. among the samples were 17 glioblastoma multiformes (gbms); 4 anaplastic astrocytomas (aas); 5 astrocytomas (ass); 1 ependymoblastoma (epb); 2 ependymomas (eps); 1 oligodendroglioma (og) and 1 medulloblastoma (mb). postive telome ... | 2000 | 10948344 |
| prevalence and biodiversity of helminth parasites in donkeys from south africa. | seven donkeys (equus asinus) from north-west and mpumalanga provinces in south africa were examined at necropsy. quantitative samples were collected from the gastrointestinal tract for recovery of helminth parasites from the stomach, small intestine, cecum, ventral colon, dorsal colon, descending colon, and cranial mesenteric artery. fifteen genera and 29 species of helminths were identified comprising 27 species of nematodes in the ascarididae, atractidae, habronematidae, onchocercidae, oxyurid ... | 2000 | 10958452 |
| the effects of phosphate, ph, and as volume on rbcs stored in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol solutions. | rbc atp concentrations are the most important correlate of rbc viability. tests were performed to determine whether increased as volume, ph, and phosphate content increased stored rbc atp concentrations. | 2000 | 10960529 |
| green fluorescent protein-tagged sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ca2+-atpase overexpression in paramecium cells: isoforms, subcellular localization, biogenesis of cortical calcium stores and functional aspects. | we have followed the time-dependent transfection of paramecium cells with a vector containing the gene of green fluorescent protein (gfp) attached to the c-terminus of the ptserca1 gene. the outlines of alveolar sacs (ass) are labelled, as is the endoplasmic reticulum (er) throughout the cell. when gfp fluorescence is compared with previous anti-ptserca1 antibody labelling, the much wider distribution of gfp (er+ass) indicates that only a small amount of serca molecules is normally retained in t ... | 2000 | 10972800 |
| mutation analysis of korean patients with citrullinemia. | citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disease due to the mutations in the argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) gene. mutation analysis was performed on three korean patients with citrullinemia. all of the three patients had the splicing mutation previously reported as ivs6-2a>g mutation. two had gly324ser mutation and the other patient had a 67-bp insertion mutation in exon 15. the ivs6-2a>g mutation was reported to be found frequently in japanese patients with citrullinemia, but caucasian patie ... | 2000 | 10987146 |
| energetics of the specific binding interaction of the first three zinc fingers of the transcription factor tfiiia with its cognate dna sequence. | the energetics of the specific interaction of a protein fragment (zf1-3) containing the three n-terminal zinc fingers of the xenopus laevis transcription factor tfiiia with its cognate dna sequence, contained in a 15 bp dna duplex were studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (itc), differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and fluorescence titration. the use of both itc and dsc is necessary to provide values for the thermodynamic parameters that have been corrected for thermal fluctuations ... | 2000 | 11013400 |
| novel artificial receptors for alkylammonium ions with remarkable selectivity and affinity | the benzene-based tripodal tris(oxazolines) have been developed as the most selective and strong receptors toward linear alkylammonium ions reported to date. among six tris(oxazolines) based on 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene framework, the phenylglycinol-derived receptor 4 exhibits the largest association constant toward nbunh3+ (logk(ass) = 6.65 +/- 0.02), while a similar value toward tbunh3+, (logk(ass) = 3.80 +/- 0.01) compared with others, which corresponds to the selectivity ratio of nbunh3+/tbunh3 ... | 2000 | 11039533 |
| use of an external ring fixator for correction of an acquired angular limb deformity in a donkey. | numerous techniques for surgical correction of angular limb deformities in horses involving an osteotomy of the affected bone and stabilization with an internal fixation device have been described. however, because the osteotomy typically has to be performed at the level of the physis, leaving little bone between the physis and the nearest joint, stabilizing the osteotomy by use of internal fixation devices may be difficult. in horses with severe chronic angular limb deformities, the amount of s ... | 2000 | 11043690 |
| [family study of patients with aspirin intolerance and rhinosinusitis]. | the high prevalence of aspirin intolerance in asthmatics and patients with nasal polyps as well as reports of familial clustering suggest a genetic disposition of this disease. our study aimed at obtaining further evidence of hereditary factors in this disease. we included 33 unselected patients from 28 families with aspirin intolerance and rhinosinusitis in this study. controls were recruited from individuals treated in our ent clinic for diseases other than aspirin intolerance (n = 52). a ques ... | 2000 | 11056852 |
| intolerance to hydrolysed cow's milk proteins in infants: clinical characteristics and dietary treatment. | multiple food intolerance in infants, including intolerance to extensively hydrolysed proteins (hp), is often difficult to treat. however, few data have been reported on clinical outcome and dietary treatment of these patients. | 2000 | 11069569 |
| equine influenza in donkeys in the new forest. | | 2000 | 11073005 |
| a novel uterine lipocalin supporting pregnancy in equids. | horses, donkeys, and therefore, probably all equids, secrete a nonglycosylated, progesterone-dependent, 19-kda protein (p19) into the uterine lumen during early pregnancy, and significant quantities of it are taken up by the developing conceptus. sequence analysis and structural modelling have identified p19 as a lipocalin with greatest similarity to the murine major urinary protein lipocalins. however, lack of strong identity with any particular group of lipocalins and several unusual structura ... | 2000 | 11078016 |
| ex vivo antisense oligonucleotides to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cdc2 kinase inhibit graft coronary artery disease. | the long-term success of cardiac transplantation is limited by graft coronary artery disease (gcad). antisense oligonucleotides (ass) to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) and cdc2 kinase (cdc2 k) can arrest cell cycle progression and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. transforming growth factor-ss(1) (tgf-ss(1)) has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) activation. the role of tgf-ss(1) in gcad remains unclear. we hypothesized that ass to pcna and cdc2 k would inhibit vsmc p ... | 2000 | 11082394 |
| correction of argininosuccinate synthetase (as) deficiency in a murine model of citrullinemia with recombinant adenovirus carrying human as cdna. | citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (as). it is characterized by elevated levels of blood citrulline and ammonia, which often results in hyperammonemic coma and early neonatal death in affected children. we have explored the use of adenoviral vectors as a treatment modality in a murine model of citrullinemia, the ass mouse. the ass mouse has no endogenous as activity due to a targeted interruption of the as gene. homozygous mu ... | 2000 | 11083500 |
| pathology of early-onset alzheimer's disease cases bearing the thr113-114ins presenilin-1 mutation. | most cases of familial presenile alzheimer's disease are caused by mutations in the presenilin-1 (psen-1) gene, most of these mutations being missense mutations. a mutation in the splice donor site of intron 4 of psen-1 has been described recently which results in aberrant splicing of psen-1 mrna, causing insertion of an additional amino acid, thr113-114ins, into the protein. we studied the neuropathology of four cases bearing this mutation in an attempt to clarify the pathology of this heredita ... | 2000 | 11099448 |
| astroglial expression of human alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin enhances alzheimer-like pathology in amyloid protein precursor transgenic mice. | proteases and their inhibitors play key roles in physiological and pathological processes. cerebral amyloid plaques are a pathological hallmark of alzheimer's disease (ad). they contain amyloid-ss (ass) peptides in tight association with the serine protease inhibitor alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin.(1,2) however, it is unknown whether the increased expression of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin found in ad brains counteracts or contributes to the disease. we used regulatory sequences of the glial fibrillary ... | 2000 | 11106573 |
| effect of apolipoprotein e allele epsilon4 on the initial phase of amyloid beta-protein accumulation in the human brain. | deposition of amyloid ss-protein (ass), a hallmark of alzheimer's disease, occurs to some extent in the brains of most elderly individuals. we sought to learn when ass deposition begins and how deposition is affected by apolipoprotein e allele epsilon4, a strong risk factor for late-onset alzheimer's disease. using an improved extraction protocol and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we quantified the levels of ass40 and ass42 in the insoluble fractions of brains from 105 autopsy cases ... | 2000 | 11106581 |
| analysis of polar hydrophilic aromatic sulfonates in waste water treatment plants by ce/ms and lc/ms. | the present work describes the development and optimization of a capillary (zone) electrophoresis/mass spectrometric (ce/ms) analysis method for polar hydrophilic aromatic sulfonates (ass). the compounds were detected by negative ion electrospray ionization (niesi) and selected ion monitoring (sim). in comparison with ce/uv, for ce/ms a lower-concentration volatile ammonium acetate buffer (5 mm) without organic modifier and a higher separation voltage were better suited for separation. sensitivi ... | 2000 | 11110092 |
| fad mutations in presenilin-1 or amyloid precursor protein decrease the efficacy of a gamma-secretase inhibitor: evidence for direct involvement of ps1 in the gamma-secretase cleavage complex. | to investigate the mechanism of regulation of ass production by familial alzheimer's disease (fad)-linked presenilin 1 (ps1), we used a cell-free system that allows de novo ass generation to examine whether ps1 participates directly in the gamma-secretase reaction. optimal ass generation in vitro was achieved at mildly acidic ph and could be inhibited by the aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin a, consistent with the suggestion that gamma-secretase is an aspartyl protease. dominant negative mut ... | 2000 | 11114265 |
| clearance of alzheimer's amyloid-ss(1-40) peptide from brain by ldl receptor-related protein-1 at the blood-brain barrier. | elimination of amyloid-ss peptide (ass) from the brain is poorly understood. after intracerebral microinjections in young mice, (125)i-ass(1-40) was rapidly removed from the brain (t(1/2) </= 25 minutes), mainly by vascular transport across the blood-brain barrier (bbb). the efflux transport system for ass(1-40) at the bbb was half saturated at 15.3 nm, and the maximal transport capacity was reached between 70 nm and 100 nm. ass(1-40) clearance was substantially inhibited by the receptor-associa ... | 2000 | 11120756 |
| genital trauma due to animal bites. | animal bites to the external genitalia are rare. we retrospectively evaluated our experience with treating genital trauma caused by animal attacks. | 2001 | 11125369 |
| abnormal distribution of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane in glomerulonephritis of dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis. | ultrastructural alteration of anionic sites (ass) in the glomerular basement membrane (gbm) was studied in glomerulonephritis characterized by linear capillary igg deposition in four dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis and two normal control dogs using polyethyleneimine. ass were identified as small dense particles distributed regularly in the lamina rara externa (lre), but there were no ass in the lamina densa (ld) of the gbm of the control dogs. in the glomeruli of the infected dogs, ass we ... | 2000 | 11129864 |
| functional gamma-secretase inhibitors reduce beta-amyloid peptide levels in brain. | converging lines of evidence implicate the beta-amyloid peptide (ass) as causative in alzheimer's disease. we describe a novel class of compounds that reduce a beta production by functionally inhibiting gamma-secretase, the activity responsible for the carboxy-terminal cleavage required for a beta production. these molecules are active in both 293 hek cells and neuronal cultures, and exert their effect upon a beta production without affecting protein secretion, most notably in the secreted forms ... | 2001 | 11145990 |
| major injuries from "domestic" animals in children. | domestic animals are a potential cause of serious injury to handlers and children. in developed countries dogs are the most common cause of such injuries, but in developing countries childhood injuries from domestic animals have not been given much attention. a retrospective analysis of major injuries from domestic animal attacks in children aged 12 years or less in a developing country showed 17 injuries in 16 children. the locations were the abdomen (6), head and neck (4), extremities (3), ext ... | 2000 | 11149402 |
| cardiac allograft vasculopathy--coronary interventions and surgical options. | despite improved results early after heart transplantation (htx) obstructive allograft vasculopathy still remains the leading cause of death late after htx. studies in the past, focused on angioplasty (ptca), presented with disappointing results. using intravascular ultrasound an extensive early recoil could be shown to be the major cause for re/rest-stenosis in dilated lesions. stimulated by these observations, stent implantation was recently shown to be an effective therapeutical alternative i ... | 2000 | 11151798 |
| identification of two novel mutations in the slc25a13 gene and detection of seven mutations in 102 patients with adult-onset type ii citrullinemia. | adult-onset type ii citrullinemia (ctln2) is characterized by a liver-specific deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) protein. we have recently identified the gene responsible for ctln2, viz., slc25a13, which encodes a calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein, designated citrin, and found five mutations of the slc25a13 gene in ctln2 patients. in the present study, we have identified two novel mutations, 1800ins1 and r605x, in slc25a13 mrna and the slc25a13 gene. diagnostic analysi ... | 2000 | 11153906 |
| recognition of novel lipopolypeptides with many pendent sugar residues by lectin. | a lipid-polypeptide conjugate (lipo-polypeptide) was obtained by the ring-opening polycondensation of n-epsilon-z-l-lysine n-carboxyanhydride (nca) using 3-aminopropyl dioctadecylamine as initiator and subsequent deprotection. maltose lactone was coupled with the lipo-polypeptide to give novel amphiphiles which carried many maltoamide residues as pendent groups. the sugar group-carrying amphiphiles incorporated in phospholipid liposomes were recognized by a lectin from canavalia ensiformis (con ... | 2001 | 11170366 |
| isolation and identification of the metolachlor stereoisomers using high-performance liquid chromatography, polarimetric measurements, and enantioselective gas chromatography. | because of the presence of two chiral elements (an asymmetrically substituted carbon and a chiral axis), the herbicide metolachlor consists of four stereoisomers stable at ambient temperature with ass-, ars-, asr-, and arr-configurations (ass, the isomer with as,1's-configuration, etc.). metolachlor, initially introduced into the market as the racemic product containing all four stereoisomers, is currently being replaced worldwide by s-metolachlor, the product enantiomerically enriched with the ... | 2001 | 11170558 |
| preparation of anhydrothrombin and characterization of its interaction with natural thrombin substrates. | thrombin is a serine proteinase that plays a key role in thrombosis and haemostasis through its interaction with several coagulation factors. anhydrothrombin was prepared from pmsf-inactivated thrombin under alkaline conditions, and the folded anhydrothrombin was successfully recovered after dialysis in the presence of glycerol. anhydro-derivatives of factor xa, factor viia and activated protein c could also be prepared essentially by the same procedure. anhydrothrombin retained affinity for var ... | 2001 | 11171108 |
| thyroglobulin mrna expression helps to distinguish anaplastic carcinoma from angiosarcoma of the thyroid. | the existence of angiosarcoma (as) of the thyroid has been a matter of debate for many years, because some authors believe that most if not all ass are in fact "angiomatoid" anaplastic carcinomas (acs). immunohistochemistry alone was not successful in solving the problem, since cytokeratin expression is a known occurrence in as. therefore, we wanted to compare nine cases of as with ten cases of ac, assessing whether thyroglobulin (tg) mrna was still transcribed in undifferentiated tumors and cou ... | 2000 | 11193475 |
| cytogenetics of donkey chromosomes: nomenclature proposal based on gtg-banded chromosomes and depiction of nors and telomeric sites. | with the expansion of comparative genome analysis across different mammals, there is an increasing need to have well-defined banded karyotypes for the species chosen for investigation. in this context, the steadily growing gene mapping data in the donkey urgently require a framework whereby alignment/comparison of genetic information can be readily made with equids and other mammalian species. hence a gtg-banded karyotype of the donkey (equus asinus; eas) is presented, along with schematic drawi ... | 2000 | 11196129 |
| [the modern approach to wound treatment]. | introduction: wound healing is a complex process involving interactions among a variety of different cell types. the normal wound repair process consists of three phases--inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling that occur in a predictable series of cellular and biochemical events. wounds are classified according to various criteria: etiology, lasting, morphological characteristics, communications with solid or hollow organs, the degree of contamination. in the last few years many authors use ... | 2000 | 11214479 |
| relation between mercury concentrations in saliva, blood, and urine in subjects with amalgam restorations. | the aim was to determine the relationship between mercury content of resting and stimulated saliva, and blood and urine. eighty subjects participated; 40 of them attributed their self-reported complaints to dental amalgam (patients), the others were matched with respect to age, sex and amalgam restorations (controls). serum, 24-h urine, resting and chewing stimulated saliva were analyzed for mercury using the ass-technique. quality, number, surfaces and total area of amalgam fillings were record ... | 2000 | 11218490 |
| differential responses of equus caballus and equus asinus to infection with two pathogenic strains of equine infectious anemia virus. | most in vivo studies with equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) have been performed in horses and ponies (equus caballus) with little published information available detailing the clinical responses of donkeys (equus asinus) to infection with this virus. consequently, donkeys were inoculated with two strains of eiav (eiav(pv) and eiav(wy)) which have been documented to produce disease in e. caballus. four ponies, 561, 562, 564 and 567 and two donkeys, 3 and 5 were infected with eiav(pv) and one ... | 2001 | 11230932 |
| genital trauma due to animal bites. | purpose: animal bites to the external genitalia are rare. we retrospectively evaluated our experience with treating genital trauma caused by animal attacks. materials and methods: we studied the medical records of 10 patients treated in the surgical emergency department at our hospital who presented with genital injury caused by an animal bite from 1983 to 1999. special attention was given to the severity of injury, surgical treatment, antibiotic prophylaxis and outcome. results: of the 2 men an ... | 2000 | 11242313 |
| beta-subunit 102-104 residues are crucial to confer fsh activity to equine lh/cg but are not sufficient to confer fsh activity to human cg. | horse lh/cg (elh/cg) and donkey lh/cg (dklh/cg) are strictly lh-specific in their respective homologous species. however, both bind to the fsh receptors from non-equid species, whereas the zebra hormone (zblh/cg) does not. the fsh/lh ratio of elh/cg and of the alphadkbetae hybrid is about tenfold higher than that of dklh/cg and of the alphaebetadk hybrid, showing that the betae subunit contains the structural features responsible for the high fsh activity of elh/cg. only six amino acid positions ... | 2001 | 11250646 |
| arginine metabolism and the synthesis of nitric oxide in the nervous system. | the biochemistry and physiology of l-arginine have to be reconsidered in the light of the recent discovery that the amino acid is the only substrate of all isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nos). generation of nitric oxide, no, a versatile molecule in signaling processes and unspecific immune defense, is intertwined with synthesis, catabolism and transport of arginine which thus ultimately participates in the regulation of a fine-tuned balance between normal and pathophysiological consequences ... | 2001 | 11275358 |
| immunohistochemical localization of the neural cell adhesion molecule in the rat sciatic nerve. | the neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam) has been widely studied in the early embryonal development of the nervous system. the data about ncam distribution in the peripheral nerves during postnatal life are scant and some controversial. in the present study, the ncam localization in the sciatic nerves of 15-day-old wistar rats has been studied. semi-thin sections of the nerves were immunotested with a polyclonal antibody (santa cruz biotechnology) that recognizes rat ncam. the antibody was visua ... | 2001 | 11325059 |
| pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone and its metabolite oxyphenbutazone in miniature donkeys. | to describe the pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone after iv administration in miniature donkeys. | 2001 | 11341383 |
| ligand-receptor interactions in the membrane of cultured cells monitored by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. | we investigated the specific binding of epidermal growth factor (egf) to its membrane-bound receptors in cultured cells. the specificity of the binding was attested by the consistent displacement of bound rhodamine-labeled egf (rh-egf) following addition of 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled egf. the binding specificity of egf was further confirmed when vascular egf was unable to displace rh-egf binding, demonstrating no cross-reaction. evidence for the specific interactions was verified by an ... | 2001 | 11347883 |
| the effect of forage quality and level of feeding on digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time of oat straw and alfalfa given to ponies and donkeys. | four donkeys and four ponies were fed molassed dehydrated alfalfa or oat straw, either ad libitum or restricted to about 70% ad libitum intake in a latin-square design for four periods of 21 d. measurements of apparent digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time were made on the last 7 d of each period. when the forages were provided ad libitum, all animals ate significantly more of the alfalfa than of the oat straw. ponies consumed significantly more of both diets per unit live weight than ... | 2001 | 11348575 |
| messenger rnas encoding the beta subunits of guinea pig (cavia porcellus) luteinizing hormone (gplh) and putative chorionic gonadotropin (gpcg) are transcribed from a single-copy gplh/cgbeta gene. | neither gene locus nor gene sequence characterizations have been reported for the beta subunits of guinea pig (gp) lh and putative gp chorionic gonadotropin (cg). descriptions of this locus would allow comparison with functionally relevant molecular genetic features of other species' homologous loci including the single-copy equid lh/cgbeta gene and the primate lhbeta-cgbeta gene cluster locus. contiguous cdna and genomic dna fragments spanning the entire mature coding sequence of gplhbeta mrna, ... | 2001 | 11357063 |
| linear and non-linear analysis of atrial signals and local activation period series during atrial-fibrillation episodes. | linear and non-linear indexes for the characterisation of the dynamics in atrial signals (as) and local atrial period (lap) series are assessed in different atrial fibrillation (af) episodes as defined by wells. parameters include the linear index obtained from the cross-correlation function (ccf) between ass and the non-linear synchronisation (s) index based on the mutual corrected conditional entropy (mcce). regularity (r) was computed on single-lead as. in addition, the level of predictabilit ... | 2001 | 11361252 |
| kick ass and take names: why we don't want names reporting. | a session on names reporting, partner notification, and criminalization was held at the 1999 national conference on women and hiv/aids. the session consisted of a debate presenting opinions on mandatory reporting of names for people who test hiv-positive. topics included invasion of privacy, government partner notification, and the substitution of unique identifier codes. other issues discussed include domestic violence after notification and civil rights. | 2000 | 11367311 |
| suppression of estrogen-dependent mmp-9 expression by edpm5, a genetic locus for pituitary tumor growth in rat. | chronic estrogen treatment results in elevated levels of the gelatinase pro-mmp-9 in the pituitary of tumor-susceptible fischer 344 rats. in contrast, pituitary pro-mmp-9 level is not increased by estrogen treatment in rats of the tumor-resistant bn strain nor in rats of an f(1) hybrid of these strains. the gelatinase mmp-2 is also detected in rat pituitary, but its level is not affected by either estrogen or rat genotype. in 124 estrogen-treated rats from a backcross of the f(1) hybrid to the f ... | 2001 | 11369454 |
| morphological characteristics and distribution of the autonomic and sensitive innervation of the prostate in some animal species. | the sensitive and autonomic innervation of the prostate was studied in some mammals (rat, rabbit, horse, donkey and bull) using gold chloride impregnation. in all the species considered the gland was supplied with conspicuous innervation located in the thickness of the capsule and in trabeculae. the autonomic innervation was constituted by ganglion cells of different sizes (small, medium and large), isolated or in groups of large ganglia also, always located along the course of nerve bundles. th ... | 2001 | 11410994 |
| taylorella asinigenitalis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the genital tract of male donkeys (equus asinus). | three bacterial isolates that were phenotypically indistinguishable from taylorella equigenitalis were obtained from the urethral fossae of three male donkeys (equus asinus), one located in the state of california and the other two in the state of kentucky, usa. based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the isolate from california differed from the two kentucky isolates, which were the same. mares bred artificially (california) or naturally (kentucky) did not show signs of disease, e ... | 2001 | 11411723 |
| [human microsporidiosis]. | this review shows the microsporidia as unicellular protozoa strictly intracellular eukaryotic parasites of animals and humans. these study concerns life cycles, cytology, host-parasite relationships in animal models experimentally infected with microsporidia from human feces, demonstrating the host-inespecificity and visceral dissemination with histopathological studies in digestive, tract, kidney, liver, spleen, brain, heart, pancreas, thyroid, suprarenal glands. it is presented the microsporid ... | 2001 | 11416983 |
| [emergencies in general practice, 16: transitory ischemic attacks. when suspected ass and heparin are contraindicated!]. | | 2001 | 11420831 |
| identification of structural variations in the carboxyl terminus of alzheimer's disease-associated beta a4[1-42] amyloid using a monoclonal antibody. | the accumulation of amyloid plaques and amyloid congophilic angiopathy (aca) in the brains of affected individuals is one of the main pathological features of alzheimer's disease. within these deposits, the beta a4 (ass) polypeptide represents a major component with the c-terminal 39-43 amino acid variants being most abundant. using a mouse igg1 moab produced by hybridoma beta a4[35-43]-95.2 3b9, which reacts with the epitope is defined by the amino acid residues beta a438[gvv]40, this study has ... | 2001 | 11422208 |
| problems with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in detecting bcr/abl-positive cells in some patients using a novel technique with extra signals. | interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i-fish) is frequently used to monitor the response to therapy in various hematological malignancies. we performed a comparison of i-fish, metaphase fish (c-fish), conventional cytogenetics, spectral karyotyping (sky) and pcr for the detection of the t(9;22) and the bcr/abl rearrangement in 32 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml). fish was done using a novel commercial probe set (vysis lsi bcr/abl es), which is designed to reduce the rate ... | 2001 | 11425449 |
| novel compound heterozygous mutations for lipoprotein lipase deficiency. a g-to-t transversion at the first position of exon 5 causing g154v missense mutation and a 5' splice site mutation of intron 8. | we systematically investigated the molecular defects causing a primary lpl deficiency in a japanese male infant (patient di) with fasting hyperchylomicronemia (type i hyperlipoproteinemia) and in his parents. patient di had neither lpl activity nor immunoreactive lpl mass in the pre- and post-heparin plasma. the patient was a compound heterozygote for novel mutations consisting of a g-to-t transversion at the first nucleotide of exon 5 [+1 position of 3' acceptor splice site (3'-ass) of intron 4 ... | 2001 | 11441134 |
| the effect of two additive solutions on the postthaw storage of rbcs. | sterile systems for freezing and for washing thawed blood will allow the storage of rbcs for more than 24 hours after removal of the cryoprotectant glycerol. this study assessed the effect of two ass in maintaining deglycerolized rbcs. | 2001 | 11452161 |
| new analogs of somatostatin: inhibiting effectively gh, glucagon and insulin levels. | the in vivo effects of three new analogs of somatostatin (ass-51, ass-52 and ass-53 analogs) on gh, insulin and glucagon were studied in wky rats. the solid phase method was used for the synthesis of ass. octreotide and ass were given iv. in a dose of 0.05 &mgr;g/kg per animal in a time-dependent manner. ass-52 and ass-53 were longer acting and more potent somatostatin analogs when compared to octreotide in producing the inhibition of gh. ass-51 was found to be the most potent and selective inhi ... | 1999 | 11462119 |
| [recent advances of the treatment in metabolic disorders]. | familial amyloid polyneuropathy (fap) and adult type (type ii) citrullinemia are caused by metabolic disorders in liver: the vast majority of serum amyloid precursors (variant forms of transthyretin) in fap are produced in liver and adult citrullinemia is ascribed to a deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), one of the five urea cycle enzymes in liver. liver transplantation is, therefore, expected to correct the underlying metabolic abnormalities in both diseases. we performed partial ... | 2000 | 11464474 |
| age-related changes in the synapses of the rat's neostriatum. | by means of transmission electron microscopy, the age-related changes in axospinous (ass) and axodendritic (ads) synapses in the dorsal part of the rostral neostriatum in two groups of wistar rats: young (3-month-old), and senescent (25-month-old) were examined. the changes in different parameters, characterizing the ass and ads: synaptic density (sd), number of synaptic vesicles (sv), number of synaptic contact zone (scz), and number of dendritic spines, bearing synapses (ds) were investigated ... | 2001 | 11471075 |
| chromosomal distribution of the telomere sequence (ttaggg)(n) in the equidae. | telomeres are a class of repetitive dna sequences that are located at chromosome termini and that act to stabilize the chromosome ends. the rapid karyotypic evolution of the genus equus has given rise to ten taxa, all with different diploid chromosome numbers. using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) we localized the mammalian telomere sequence, (ttaggg)(n), to the chromosomes of nine equid taxa. ttaggg signal was located at chromosome termini in all species, however additional signal was ... | 2001 | 11474195 |
| the contribution of arginine residues within the p6-p1 region of alpha 1-antitrypsin to its reaction with furin. | a series of mutants incorporating furin recognition sequences within the p6-p1 region of the reactive site loop of alpha(1)-antitrypsin were constructed. variants containing different combinations of basic residues in the p1, p2, p4, and p6 positions replacing the wild type (p6)leaipm(p1) sequence were evaluated for their capacity to establish sds-resistant complexes with furin, to affect association rate constants (k(ass) and k'(ass)), or to inhibit furin-dependent proteolysis of a model precur ... | 2001 | 11479287 |
| validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosing babesia equi infections of moroccan origin and its use in determining the seroprevalence of b. equi in morocco. | a highly specific and sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific antibody to babesia equi in serum from equids was validated for use in morocco. the assay is based on the specific inhibition of binding of a monoclonal antibody to a conserved epitope within a recombinant parasite peptide by serum from infected animals. the assay was compared to an established indirect immunofluorescence assay, with a concordance of 91%. the assay was used to determine seropr ... | 2001 | 11482604 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for distinguishing taylorella equigenitalis from taylorella equigenitalis-like organisms. | it is difficult to distinguish isolates of taylorella equigenitalis, the cause of contagious equine metritis, from a t. equigenitalis-like organism isolated from asymptomatic donkeys and horses. although t. equigenitalis is responsible for a severe, contagious disease of the reproductive tract of equids, the t. equigenitalis-like organism, although contagious, does not appear to produce disease. because of the economic consequences of correctly distinguishing isolates of these 2 microorganisms, ... | 2001 | 11482609 |
| the role of electrolytes and ph in rbc ass. | experimental additive solutions (eass) containing saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol and disodium phosphate can support rbcs for 9 or 10 weeks if used in 200- or 300-ml volumes. the effects of variations in the electrolyte composition and volume of eass were explored. | 2001 | 11493737 |
| cloning, characterization and mrna expression analysis of pvas1, a type i asparagine synthetase gene from phaseolus vulgaris. | a gene encoding a putative asparagine synthetase (as; ec 6.3.5.4) has been isolated from common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). a 2-kb cdna clone of this gene (pvas1) encodes a protein of 579 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 65,265 da, an isoelectric point of 6.3, and a net charge of -9.3 at ph 7.0. the pvas1 protein sequence conserves all the amino acid residues that are essential for glutamine-dependent as, and pvas1 complemented an escherichia coli asparagine auxotroph, which demo ... | 2001 | 11506363 |
| drug-resistant trypanosoma congolense in naturally infected donkeys in north omo zone, southern ethiopia. | a three-part study was conducted to determine the efficacy of isometamidium chloride in donkey populations naturally infected with trypanosomes in north omo zone, southern ethiopia. in the first, 373 randomly selected donkeys from four villages were examined for trypanosome infections by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique (bct) in november 1999. the trypanosome prevalence was 18.2% (95% confidence interval (ci): 14.4, 22.5) and trypanosoma congolense was the most common species ... | 2001 | 11511413 |
| parameters ruling optimization of radiolabelling of polyamino polycarboxylated functionalized peptide derivatives: a case study report. | parameters studies revealed that successful labeling of dtpa-neurotensin(8-13) analogues depend on several physico-chemical parameters. the ph of the reaction mixture seemed to be the most critical parameter for obtaining high labeling yields; quantitative radiolabelling was only guaranteed at a ph between 4.2 and 5.5. at a ph of 4.5, metal ion contaminants originating from peptide synthesis and purification procedures were shown not to effect radiolabelling. nevertheless, proper reducing agents ... | 2001 | 11518659 |
| chromosome homologies between man and mountain zebra (equus zebra hartmannae) and description of a new ancestral synteny involving sequences homologous to human chromosomes 4 and 8. | using human chromosome painting probes, we looked for homologies between human and mountain zebra (equus zebra hartmannae, equidae, perissodactyla) karyotypes. except for two very short segments, all euchromatic regions were found to have a human homologous chromosome segment. conserved syntenies previously described in various mammalian orders were detected. each synteny corresponded to a chromosomal region homologous to two parts of human chromosomes: hsa3 and hsa21, hsa7 and hsa16, hsa12 and ... | 2001 | 11528128 |
| neuronal and glial coexpression of argininosuccinate synthetase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in alzheimer disease. | the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) is the rate limiting enzyme in the metabolic pathway leading from l-citrulline to l-arginine, the physiological substrate of all isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (nos). ass and inducible nos (inos) expression in neurons and glia was investigated by immunohistochemistry in brains of alzheimer disease (ad) patients and nondemented, age-matched controls. in 3 areas examined (hippocampus, frontal, and entorhinal cortex), a marked increase in neuronal a ... | 2001 | 11556547 |
| genetic diversity in spanish donkey breeds using microsatellite dna markers. | genetic diversity at 13 equine microsatellite loci was compared in five endangered spanish donkey breeds: andaluza, catalana, mallorquina, encartaciones and zamorano-leonesa. all of the equine microsatellites used in this study were amplified and were polymorphic in the domestic donkey breeds with the exception of hms1, which was monomorphic, and asb2, which failed to amplify. allele number, frequency distributions and mean heterozygosities were very similar among the spanish donkey breeds. the ... | 2001 | 11559485 |
| non-linear coupling of atrial activation processes during atrial fibrillation in humans. | the activation patterns underlying the electrical activity of the heart during atrial fibrillation (af) are not entirely random. the aim of this study was to assess the local organization of the activation processes during af by estimating the non-linear coupling between activation sequences (ass) in two atrial sites. to quantitatively estimate the degree of non-linear coupling we extracted two indices based on a multivariate embedding procedure and on the estimation of the correlation dimension ... | 2001 | 11561820 |
| socioeconomic, health and management aspects of working donkeys in moretele 1, north west province, south africa. | structured interviews using a questionnaire were conducted to gather information on socioeconomic aspects, health, nutrition, breeding and management of working equids in 3 study areas of moretele 1 near hammanskraal, north west province, south africa. the questionnaire addressed questions about the role of animals with a focus on donkeys used for work in these areas. extension and animal health officers and donkey owners participated. the analysis highlights the use of donkeys for transport of ... | 2001 | 11563717 |
| prevalence and incidence of trypanosomosis in horses and donkeys in the gambia. | in a study of the prevalence and incidence of trypanosomosis in horses and donkeys in two regions of the gambia, surveys were carried out at niamina east and bansang south with a high and low to moderate tsetse challenge, respectively. eleven horses and 67 donkeys were sampled monthly from august 1997 to september 1998. blood samples were examined for trypanosomes using the buffy-coat (bc) method and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). three primer sets were used, specific for either trypanosoma vi ... | 2001 | 11587839 |
| [the donkey, an animal full of contradictions]. | | 2001 | 11596513 |