| feline panleukopaenia virus in captive non-domestic felids in south africa. | an outbreak of feline panleukopaenia virus (fplv) infection was diagnosed by pathology, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in vaccinated captive-bred subadult cheetahs in south africa. subsequent to this disease outbreak, 12 cases of fplv diagnosed on histology were confirmed by pcr in captive african black-footed cat, caracal, cheetah, lion, ocelot and serval. phylogenetic analyses of the viral capsid protein gene on pcr-positive samples, vaccine and national center for bio ... | 2016 | 27380652 |
| characterization of the microbial communities in the ant lion euroleon coreanus (okamoto) (neuroptera: myrmeleontidae). | euroleon coreanus (okamoto) is widely distributed in china, and the larval stage can be treated as traditional chinese medicine. however, the host-bacterium relationship remains unexplored, as there is a lack of knowledge on the microbial community of ant lions. hence, in the current study, we explored the microbial community of the larval ant lion e. coreanus using illumina miseq sequencing. results indicated that a total of 10 phyla, 126 genera, and 145 species were characterized from the seco ... | 2016 | 27021349 |
| giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium occurrence in australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) exposed to varied levels of human interaction. | giardia and cryptosporidium are amongst the most common protozoan parasites identified as causing enteric disease in pinnipeds. a number of giardia assemblages and cryptosporidium species and genotypes are common in humans and terrestrial mammals and have also been identified in marine mammals. to investigate the occurrence of these parasites in an endangered marine mammal, the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea), genomic dna was extracted from faecal samples collected from wild populations ( ... | 2014 | 25426423 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. in mussels (mytilus californianus) and california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from central california. | cryptosporidium and giardia are of public health importance, with recognized transmission through recreational waters. therefore, both can contaminate marine waters and shellfish, with potential to infect marine mammals in nearshore ecosystems. a 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the presence of cryptosporidium and giardia in mussels located at two distinct coastal areas in california, namely, (i) land runoff plume sites and (ii) locations near sea lion haul-out sites, as well as in feces o ... | 2014 | 25281384 |
| first documented case of avian influenza (h5n1) virus infection in a lion. | | 2016 | 27999425 |
| physiological features of halomonas lionensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a mediterranean sea sediment. | a novel halophilic bacterium, strain rhs90(t), was isolated from marine sediments from the gulf of lions, in the mediterranean sea. its metabolic and physiological characteristics were examined under various cultural conditions, including exposure to stressful ones (oligotrophy, high pressure and high concentrations of metals). based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene, the strain was found to belong to the genus halomonas in the class gammaproteobacteria. its closest relatives are hal ... | 2014 | 25086262 |
| no significant effect of cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating cd4 t-cells in hiv-hcv co-infected patients (anrs co13-hepavih french cohort). | despite cannabis use being very common in patients co-infected with hiv and hepatitis c virus (hcv), its effect on these patients' immune systems remains undocumented. documenting the potential effect of cannabis use on hiv immunological markers would help caregivers make more targeted health recommendations to co-infected patients. we performed a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between cannabis use and peripheral blood cd4 t-cell measures in co-infected patients receiving antiretrovir ... | 2017 | 27073179 |
| swine and rabbits are the main reservoirs of hepatitis e virus in china: detection of hev rna in feces of farmed and wild animals. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is recognized as a zoonosis. the prevalence of hev rna and anti-hev antibodies in many animal species has been reported, but the host range of hev is unclear. the aims of this study were to investigate hev infection in various animal species and to determine the reservoirs of hev. eight hundred twenty-two fecal samples from 17 mammal species and 67 fecal samples from 24 avian species were collected in china and tested for hev rna by rt-npcr. the products of pcr ... | 2015 | 26303139 |
| water borne hepatitis a and hepatitis e in malwa region of punjab, india. | hepatitis-a virus infection (hav) and hepatitis e virus infection (hev) are faecally contaminated water borne infection of great public interest in developing countries. hav has a world-wide /dablestribution and affects infant and young children in developing countries and its epidemics are not very common. hev is restricted to tropical countries and affects older children and young adults and its epidemics are common. studies suggested that hev is etiologically responsible for 10%-95% of admitt ... | 2013 | 24298465 |
| development and validation of a quantitative pcr for rapid and specific detection of california sea lion adenovirus 1 and prevalence in wild and managed populations. | california sea lion adenovirus 1 (csladv-1) has been associated with hepatitis and enteritis in several wild and captive populations of diverse pinniped species. currently available tests have been limited to pan-adenoviral polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by sequencing. we present the development of a quantitative probe-hybridization pcr (qpcr) assay for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of this virus in california sea lions ( zalophus californianus) and other pinnipeds. this ass ... | 2017 | 28166696 |
| coinfection of california sea lion adenovirus 1 and a novel polyomavirus in a hawaiian monk seal (neomonachus schauinslandi). | the hawaiian monk seal (neomonachus schauinslandi) is an endangered species. here, we present a clinical case of a 26-yr-old male hawaiian monk seal (hms) kept in an aquarium with a history of intermittent anorexia and evidence of renal disease. histologic examination revealed eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the liver. conventional nested pcr protocols were used to test for viruses, and it tested positive for adenovirus and polyomavirus, and negative for herpesvirus. the adenovirus parti ... | 2016 | 27468013 |
| phylogenomic characterization of california sea lion adenovirus-1. | significant adenoviral diversity has been found in humans, but in domestic and wild animals the number of identified viruses is lower. here we present the complete genome of a recently discovered mastadenovirus, california sea lion adenovirus 1 (csladv-1) isolated from california sea lions (zalophus californianus), an important pathogen associated with hepatitis in pinnipeds. the genome of this virus has the typical mastadenoviral structure with some notable differences at the carboxy-terminal e ... | 2015 | 25660039 |
| using satellite tracking and isotopic information to characterize the impact of south american sea lions on salmonid aquaculture in southern chile. | apex marine predators alter their foraging behavior in response to spatial and/or seasonal changes in natural prey distribution and abundance. however, few studies have identified the impacts of aquaculture that represents a spatially and temporally predictable and abundant resource on their foraging behavior. using satellite telemetry and stable isotope analysis we examined the degree of spatial overlap between the south american sea lion (sasl) and salmon farms, and quantify the amount of nati ... | 2015 | 26309046 |
| pneumonia and bacteremia in a golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) caused by klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae during a translocation program of free-ranging animals in brazil. | klebsiella pneumoniae is an important emerging pathogen in humans, particularly the invasive hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype. in addition, the organism is an important public health concern because of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance. nonhuman primates in captivity are susceptible to klebsiella, particularly when a stress factor is involved. infections vary depending on the species but can cause significant morbidity and mortality in these animals. the objective of this stud ... | 2015 | 25943130 |
| septicaemia and meningitis caused by infection of new zealand sea lion pups with a hypermucoviscous strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | this study describes a syndrome of neonatal septicemia and meningitis in new zealand sea lions, caused by a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae that is phenotypically similar to strains causing environmentally-acquired septicemia and neuro-invasive disease in humans. between late 2006 and early 2010, 123 pups from the enderby island breeding colony died of k. pneumoniae infection, with lesions including fibrinous to fibrinosuppurative meningitis, subdural hemorrhage, septic arthritis, herniation and ... | 2015 | 25682024 |
| leishmania infantum infection in two captive barbary lions (panthera leo leo). | a female barbary lion (panthera leo leo) from the montpellier zoological park (france) showing colitis, epistaxis, and lameness with pad ulcers was positive by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for leishmania infantum. further indirect immunofluorescence (ifat) tests on the banked sera from all lions of the park detected another infected but asymptomatic female, which was confirmed by pcr on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) blood sample. leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-1 was cultured from e ... | 2012 | 23082544 |
| detecting signals of chronic shedding to explain pathogen persistence: leptospira interrogans in california sea lions. | identifying mechanisms driving pathogen persistence is a vital component of wildlife disease ecology and control. asymptomatic, chronically infected individuals are an oft-cited potential reservoir of infection, but demonstrations of the importance of chronic shedding to pathogen persistence at the population-level remain scarce. studying chronic shedding using commonly collected disease data is hampered by numerous challenges, including short-term surveillance that focuses on single epidemics a ... | 2017 | 28207932 |
| isolation of leptospira from a phocid: acute renal failure and mortality from leptospirosis in rehabilitated northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), california, usa. | during rehabilitation, acute renal failure due to leptospirosis occurred in eight male northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) that stranded along the central california coast in 2011. characteristic histologic lesions including renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, and mineralization, and mild lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis were noted in the six animals examined. immunohistochemistry, bacterial culture, and pcr were positive in 2/3, 2/3, and 3/4 seals, respectively, and 6/8 ... | 2014 | 24807176 |
| asymptomatic and chronic carriage of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | since 1970, periodic outbreaks of leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes in the genus leptospira, have caused morbidity and mortality of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) along the pacific coast of north america. yearly seasonal epizootics of varying magnitude occur between the months of july and december, with major epizootics occurring every 3-5 years. genetic and serological data suggest that leptospira interrogans serovar pomona is the infecting serovar and is enzootic i ... | 2013 | 23419822 |
| successfully treated dermatomycosis in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | we describe clinical cases caused by microsporum gypseum in two subadult male california sea lions (zalophus californianus). dermatomycosis is uncommonly reported in pinnipeds, including this species. in these cases, skin lesions were multifocal to coalescing, involved all flippers, and were most pronounced on the ventral surfaces of flippers. they were well-demarcated, depigmented, and covered with crusts. the definitive diagnosis was obtained through microscopic examination and fungal culture ... | 2013 | 23805567 |
| diagnosis and implications of mycobacterium bovis infection in banded mongooses (mungos mungo) in the kruger national park, south africa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) was first diagnosed in the kruger national park (knp) in 1990. research has since focused on the maintenance host, the african buffalo ( syncerus caffer ) and clinically affected lion ( panthera leo ). however, little is known about the role of small predators in tuberculosis epidemiology. during 2011-12, we screened banded mongooses ( mungos mungo ) in the btb high-prevalence zone of the knp for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members. fecal swabs, tracheal swabs, a ... | 2017 | 27788055 |
| development of a gene expression assay for the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in african lions (panthera leo). | mycobacterium bovis infection, the cause of bovine tuberculosis (btb), is endemic in wildlife in the kruger national park (knp), south africa. in lions, a high infection prevalence and btb mortalities have been documented in the knp; however, the ecological consequences of this disease are currently unknown. sensitive assays for the detection of this infection in this species are therefore required. blood from m. bovis-exposed, m. bovis-unexposed, m. tuberculosis-exposed and m. bovis-infected li ... | 2015 | 26518735 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in the lion (panthera leo): current knowledge, conundrums and research challenges. | mycobacterium bovis has global public-health and socio-economic significance and can infect a wide range of species including the lion (panthera leo) resulting in tuberculosis. lions are classified as vulnerable under the iucn red list of threatened species and have experienced a 30% population decline in the past two decades. however, no attempt has been made to collate and critically evaluate the available knowledge of m. bovis infections in lions and potential effects on population. in this r ... | 2015 | 25891424 |
| antemortem diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in free-ranging african lions (panthera leo) and implications for transmission. | diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife often relies on postmortem samples because of logistical challenges and lack of field-friendly techniques for live animal testing. confirmation of infection through detection of infectious organisms is essential for studying the pathogenesis and epidemiology of disease. we describe the application of a technique to obtain respiratory samples from free-ranging living lions to facilitate detection of viable mycobacterium bovis under field conditions. we identi ... | 2015 | 25647595 |
| detection of antibodies to tuberculosis antigens in free-ranging lions (panthera leo) infected with mycobacterium bovis in kruger national park, south africa. | bovine tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, has become established in kruger national park, south africa, in the cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) population and in other species. tb in prey species has resulted in infection and morbidity in the resident lion (panthera leo) prides. the only validated live animal test currently available for lions is the intradermal tuberculin test. because this test requires capture twice, 72 hr apart, of free-ranging lions to read results, it is logis ... | 2012 | 22779235 |
| mycobacterium pinnipedii in a stranded south american sea lion (otaria byronia) in brazil. | we report tuberculosis in a stranded south american sea lion (otaria byronia) in brazil caused by mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | 2014 | 24484491 |
| pre-columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of new world human tuberculosis. | modern strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis from the americas are closely related to those from europe, supporting the assumption that human tuberculosis was introduced post-contact. this notion, however, is incompatible with archaeological evidence of pre-contact tuberculosis in the new world. comparative genomics of modern isolates suggests that m. tuberculosis attained its worldwide distribution following human dispersals out of africa during the pleistocene epoch, although this has yet to b ... | 2014 | 25141181 |
| review of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in non-bovid wildlife species using immunological methods--an update of published work since 2009. | the infection of both captive and free-ranging wildlife species with pathogenic mycobacteria (including mycobacterium tuberculosis) poses a zoonotic risk and continues to cause challenges for the livestock industry, zoos and governments around the world. central to the management and control of tuberculosis is timely and accurate diagnosis. in many cases, bacterial culture is insufficiently sensitive and confirmation of tb post-mortem is neither feasible nor desirable. in this context, there is ... | 2013 | 24171845 |
| first evidence of hemoplasma infection in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | infections with feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) have been documented in domestic cats and free-ranging feline species with high prevalences in iberian lynxes (lynx pardinus), eurasian lynxes (lynx lynx), european wildcats (felis silvestris silvestris), african lions (panthera leo) in tanzania and domestic cats in south africa. the prevalence of hemoplasmas has not yet been investigated in free-ranging felids in southern africa. in this study we screened 73 blood samples from 61 cheet ... | 2013 | 23123173 |
| digenetic trematodes in south american sea lions from southern brazilian waters. | the aim of this work was to perform a systematic study to detect and quantify the digenetic trematode infections in south american sea lions from the southern brazilian coast. twenty-four south american sea lions, otaria flavescens (carnivora: otaridae), were found dead along the coast of rio grande do sul state, brazil, between june 2010 and september of 2011. two trematode species were found in the intestines of o. flavescens, i.e., stephanoprora uruguayense (digenea: echinostomatidae) and asc ... | 2013 | 23421418 |
| molecular identification, morphological characterization and new insights into the ecology of larval pseudoterranova cattani in fishes from the argentine coast with its differentiation from the antarctic species, p. decipiens sp. e (nematoda: anisakidae). | larvae of the genus pseudoterranova constitute a risk for human health when ingested through raw or undercooked fish. they can provoke pseudoterranovosis in humans, a fish-borne zoonotic disease whose pathogenicity varies with the species involved, making their correct specific identification a necessary step in the knowledge of this zoonosis. larvae of pseudoterranova decipiens s.l. have been reported in several fish species from off the argentine coasts; however, there are no studies dealing w ... | 2014 | 24161261 |
| description, microhabitat selection and infection patterns of sealworm larvae (pseudoterranova decipiens species complex, nematoda: ascaridoidea) in fishes from patagonia, argentina. | third-stage larvae of the pseudoterranova decipiens species complex (also known as sealworms) have been reported in at least 40 marine fish species belonging to 21 families and 10 orders along the south american coast. sealworms are a cause for concern because they can infect humans who consume raw or undercooked fish. however, despite their economic and zoonotic importance, morphological and molecular characterization of species of pseudoterranova in south america is still scarce. | 2013 | 23988009 |
| evolution of puma lentivirus in bobcats (lynx rufus) and mountain lions (puma concolor) in north america. | mountain lions (puma concolor) throughout north and south america are infected with puma lentivirus clade b (plvb). a second, highly divergent lentiviral clade, plva, infects mountain lions in southern california and florida. bobcats (lynx rufus) in these two geographic regions are also infected with plva, and to date, this is the only strain of lentivirus identified in bobcats. we sequenced full-length plv genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of plv in bobcats and mountain l ... | 2014 | 24741092 |
| systemic mycosis in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with detection of cystofilobasidiales dna. | a 6-yr-old, intact male california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with a systemic mycosis died after 5 wk of antifungal drug therapy. antemortem clinical findings included hind flipper swelling, ring-lesions on skin of the flippers, and dermal nodules that increased in size and number spreading from the hind flippers and ventral abdomen to the foreflippers and muzzle. lesions were accompanied by severe lymphadenopathy and development of systemic clinical signs despite therapy using itraconazo ... | 2012 | 22448522 |
| similarities between salmonella enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in south africa. | salmonella is well recognized as an aetiological agent of gastrointestinal and diarrhoeal disease. salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is one of the commonest serotypes associated with foodborne illness. in south africa, we compared salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from humans with gastroenteritis and strains isolated from captive wild animals, between june 2011 and july 2012. | 2014 | 25500660 |
| the complete genome sequence of the san miguel sea lion virus-8 reveals that it is not a member of the vesicular exanthema of swine virus/san miguel sea lion virus species of the caliciviridae. | the complete genome sequence of the san miguel sea lion virus-8 (smsv-8) was determined in this study. a comparison of this sequence to other calicivirus sequences in genbank showed that this virus is genetically distinct from the vesicular exanthema of swine virus/san miguel sea lion virus (vesv/smsv) strains and belongs to a novel clade within the vesivirus genus. | 2014 | 25502676 |
| calicivirus antibodies in wild fox populations. | three populations of wild foxes were sampled for serum neutralizing antibody to calicivirus (san miguel sea lion virus) types 1-5. neutralizing activity was detected in serum from gray foxes resident on santa cruz island, california, but not in arctic foxes from alaska. the results indicate that foxes may be naturally infected with caliciviruses, but their role in the transmission cycle is unknown. | 1977 | 24228972 |
| sarcocystis canis associated hepatitis in a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) from alaska. | sarcocystis canis infection was associated with hepatitis in a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus). intrahepatocellular protozoal schizonts were among areas of necrosis and inflammation. the parasite was genetically identical to s. canis and is the first report in a steller sea lion, indicating another intermediate host species for s. canis. | 2014 | 24484486 |
| detection and characterization of diverse coccidian protozoa shed by california sea lions. | tissue-cyst forming coccidia in the family sarcocystidae are etiologic agents of protozoal encephalitis in marine mammals including the federally listed southern sea otter (enhydra lutris). california sea lions (zalophus californianus), whose coastal habitat overlaps with sea otters, are definitive hosts for coccidian protozoa provisionally named coccidia a, b and c. while coccidia a and b have unknown clinical effects on aquatic wildlife hosts, coccidia c is associated with severe protozoal dis ... | 2016 | 27141438 |
| management of acute renal failure with delayed hypercalcemia secondary to sarcocystis neurona-induced myositis and rhabdomyolysis in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | a 3-yr-old captive-born california sea lion (zalophus californianus) developed sarcocystis neurona-induced myositis and rhabdomyolysis that led to acute renal failure. the sea lion was successfully managed with fluid therapy, antiprotozoals, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, antiemetics, gastroprotectants, and diuretics, but developed severe delayed hypercalcemia, a syndrome identified in humans after traumatic or exertion-induced rhabdomyolysis. treatment with calcitonin was added to the manage ... | 2015 | 26352981 |
| diagnosis and treatment of sarcocystis neurona-induced myositis in a free-ranging california sea lion. | an underweight, lethargic adult female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) became stranded along the california shore and was captured and transported to a rehabilitation hospital for assessment and care. | 2012 | 22256850 |
| coccidioidomycosis and other systemic mycoses of marine mammals stranding along the central california, usa coast: 1998-2012. | a wide range of systemic mycoses have been reported from captive and wild marine mammals from north america. examples include regionally endemic pathogens such as coccidioides and blastomyces spp., and novel pathogens like cryptococcus gattii, which appear may have been introduced to north america by humans. stranding and necropsy data were analyzed from three marine mammal stranding and response facilities on the central california coast to assess the prevalence, host demographics, and lesion d ... | 2015 | 25647598 |
| [correlation between microbial growth in conjunctival swabs of corneal donors and contamination of organ culture media]. | the aim of the study was to determine the rate of contamination in conjunctival swabs from corneal donors by microbiological investigations and to correlate this with microbial contamination of the culture medium. | 2014 | 23921814 |
| first isolation of streptococcus halichoeri and streptococcus phocae from a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) in south korea. | streptococcus species are emerging potential pathogens in marine mammals. we report the isolation and identification of streptococcus halichoeri and streptococcus phocae in a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) in south korea. | 2016 | 26555114 |
| further studies on toxascaris leonina (linstow, 1902) (ascaridida: ascarididae) from felis lynx (linnaeus) and panthera leo (linnaeus) (carnivora: felidae). | toxascaris leonina (linstow, 1902) is a most common intestinal parasite of various animals in felidae and canidae. in the present paper, light and scanning electron microscopy (sem) were used to study the morphological aspects of adult worms of this nematode in detail, based on the material collected from panthera leo (linnaeus) and felis lynx (linnaeus) (carnivora: felidae) in china. the results showed that there were some morphometric differences between the present material and the previous s ... | 2014 | 26204033 |
| detection and molecular characterization of ascarid nematode infection (toxascaris leonina and toxocara cati) in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica). | the objective of this study was to investigate the ascarid infection in asiatic lions using scat samples, based on microscopic analysis, pcr amplification of the its-2 region of ribosomal dna and sequence analysis of the amplicons. microscopic analysis indicated the presence of eggs of toxascaris leonina in eleven of the sixteen scat samples analysed and in one of these eleven scats eggs of toxocara cati were also detected. in five of the scats eggs were not detectable. the presence of t. leonin ... | 2012 | 22807016 |
| negative serosurvey of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) from niterói/rj, brazil. | new world nonhuman primates are highly susceptible to clinical toxoplasmosis. serum samples from 126 recently captured leontopithecus chrysomelas, from an exotic and invasive population, were tested for toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (mat, cut-off 1:25); all were seronegative. the mat is highly specific and is not species-specific. this is the first report of t. gondii survey in this tamarin in the wild. this result is consistent with prior reports that showed th ... | 2016 | 27925063 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in mainland and sub-antarctic new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) populations. | to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri), as a potential contributor to reproductive failure. | 2016 | 27211206 |
| epidemiology and pathology of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the coccidian parasite toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm-blooded animals worldwide. the ecology of this parasite in marine systems is poorly understood, although many marine mammals are infected and susceptible to clinical toxoplasmosis. we summarized the lesions associated with t. gondii infection in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) population and investigated the prevalence of and risk factors associated with t. gondii exposure, as indicated by antibody. five confirmed ... | 2015 | 25588007 |
| postmortem findings in four south american sea lions (otaria byronia) from an urban colony in valdivia, chile. | we performed postmortem examination on four south american sea lions (otaria byronia) from an urban colony in valdivia, chile. chronic leptospirosis and suspected morbillivirus-like infection were diagnosed in one individual. antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and the zoonotic helminthes contracaecum sp., pseudoterranova sp., and diphyllobothrium sp. were also detected. | 2015 | 25380367 |
| endoparasites in mammals from seven zoological gardens in romania. | animals from seven zoological gardens located in romania, including 18 species of herbivores, 10 species of carnivores, and 13 species of omnivores, were screened for the presence of parasites. overall, the prevalences of parasites identified in the sampled population were 54.2% (58/107) for herbivores, 54.5% (24/44) for carnivores, and 32.6% (17/52) for omnivores. in herbivores, eimeria spp., dicrocelium lanceolatum, and pulmonary and digestive strongyles were detected. in carnivores, the gener ... | 2014 | 25000683 |
| using molecular epidemiology to track toxoplasma gondii from terrestrial carnivores to marine hosts: implications for public health and conservation. | environmental transmission of the zoonotic parasite toxoplasma gondii, which is shed only by felids, poses risks to human and animal health in temperate and tropical ecosystems. atypical t. gondii genotypes have been linked to severe disease in people and the threatened population of california sea otters. to investigate land-to-sea parasite transmission, we screened 373 carnivores (feral domestic cats, mountain lions, bobcats, foxes, and coyotes) for t. gondii infection and examined the distrib ... | 2014 | 24874796 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in captive mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in 167 mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico, using the modified agglutination test (mat). overall, antibodies to t. gondii were found in 89 (53.3%) of the 167 animals tested. antibodies were found in 35 of 43 wild felidae: 2 of 2 bobcats (lynx rufus); 4 of 4 cougars (puma concolor); 10 of 13 jaguars (panthera onca); 5 of 5 leopards (panthera pardus); 7 of 7 lions (panthera leo); 2 of 3 tigers (panthera tigris); 2 of 3 ocelots (leopardus par ... | 2013 | 24063119 |
| toxoplasma gondii, source to sea: higher contribution of domestic felids to terrestrial parasite loading despite lower infection prevalence. | environmental transmission of toxoplasma gondii, a global zoonotic parasite, adversely impacts human and animal health. toxoplasma is a significant cause of mortality in threatened southern sea otters, which serve as sentinels for disease threats to people and animals in coastal environments. as wild and domestic felids are the only recognized hosts capable of shedding toxoplasma oocysts into the environment, otter infection suggests land-to-sea pathogen transmission. to assess relative contribu ... | 2013 | 24048652 |
| first report of a mixed infection of trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 in a leopard (panthera pardus) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 25686214 |
| first report of a mixed infection of <i>trichinella nelsoni</i> and <i>trichinella</i> t8 in a leopard (<i>panthera pardus</i>) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 28235280 |
| lineage-specific serology confirms brazilian atlantic forest lion tamarins, leontopithecus chrysomelas and leontopithecus rosalia, as reservoir hosts of trypanosoma cruzi ii (tcii). | trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas disease in humans, has a vast reservoir of mammalian hosts in the americas, and is classified into six genetic lineages, tci-tcvi, with a possible seventh, tcbat. elucidating enzootic cycles of the different lineages is important for understanding the ecology of this parasite, the emergence of new outbreaks of chagas disease and for guiding control strategies. direct lineage identification by genotyping is hampered by limitations of parasite isolation and c ... | 2016 | 27846858 |
| infection with trypanosoma cruzi tcii and tci in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up. | here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging populations of leontopithecus rosalia (golden lion tamarin) and leontopithecus chrysomelas (golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in atlantic coastal rainforest. additionally, we present new data regarding t. cruzi infection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete t ... | 2015 | 25946156 |
| uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) from the endangered australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea (carnivora: otariidae). | this study investigates the identity of hookworms parasitising the australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea (péron), from three colonies in south australia, australia. the australian sea lion is at risk of extinction because its population is small and genetically fragmented. using morphological and molecular techniques, we describe a single novel species, uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae). the new species is most similar to hookworms also parasitic in otariid hosts, uncinaria ... | 2014 | 25065131 |
| molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (nematoda: uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation. | hookworms of the genus uncinaria have been widely reported from juvenile pinnipeds, however investigations of their systematics has been limited, with only two species described, uncinaria lucasi from northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and uncinaria hamiltoni from south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). hookworms were sampled from these hosts and seven additional species including steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), california sea lions (zalophus californianus), south american fu ... | 2013 | 24162075 |
| morphometric and molecular characterization of the species of uncinaria frölich, 1789 (nematoda) parasitic in the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber), with notes on hookworms in three other pinniped hosts. | this study presents morphological and molecular data on hookworms from the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber) currently identified in australian waters as uncinaria hamiltoni baylis, 1933. additional specimens from the australian sea lion neophoca cinerea (péron) and the new zealand fur seal arctocephalus forsteri (lesson) from australia, and the southern elephant seal mirounga leonina (linnaeus) from antarctica, were included. using the internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2013 | 23595493 |
| uncinaria hamiltoni (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) in south american sea lions, otaria flavescens, from northern patagonia, argentina. | thirty-one south american sea lion pups (otaria flavescens) found dead in punta león, argentina, during the summer of 2002, were examined for hookworms (uncinaria hamiltoni). parasite parameters were analyzed in 2 locations of the rookery, i.e., a traditional, well-structured breeding area and an expanding area with juveniles and a lax social structure. prevalence of hookworms was 50% in both localities, and no difference was observed in prevalence between pup sexes (p > 0.05). hookworms were co ... | 2004 | 15357082 |
| plague gives surprises in the first decade of the 21st century in the united states and worldwide. | plague is an ancient disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis and transmitted by rodent flea bites that continues to surprise us with first-ever events. this review documents plague in human cases in the 1st decade of the 21st century and updates our knowledge of clinical manifestations, transmission during outbreaks, diagnostic testing, antimicrobial treatment, and vaccine development. in the united states, 57 persons were reported to have the disease, of which seven died. worldwide, 21, ... | 2013 | 24043686 |
| [strong genetic differentiation of the gilthead sea bream sparus aurata (l., 1758) between the two western banks of the mediterranean]. | we characterised four samples of gilthead sea bream from the two western mediterranean banks with three microsatellite loci and two rapds systems. contrarily to what could be predicted for a highly mobile species with a planktonic larval dispersal phase, we observed a strong and significant genetic differentiation at all loci between the two banks (f(st)=0.069(***)), whereas two samples from the gulf of lions were almost identical (f(st)=0.003 ns) while the two from the gulf of annaba displayed ... | 2009 | 19304263 |
| [dangerous marine animals]. | sea-biological basic knowledge for divers is offered only in special lessons for advanced scuba divers. according to statistics, however, five per cent of the deadly diving accidents are caused by underwater organisms. this number could be reduced to a fraction, by correct behaviour during the dive and after an accident. the most frequent accidents with sea animals during water sports are not by unprovoked shark attacks, which cause six deaths world-wide per year on the average, but turn out wit ... | 1999 | 11315406 |
| spatial and temporal avoidance of risk within a large carnivore guild. | within a large carnivore guild, subordinate competitors (african wild dog, lycaon pictus, and cheetah, acinonyx jubatus) might reduce the limiting effects of dominant competitors (lion, panthera leo, and spotted hyena, crocuta crocuta) by avoiding them in space, in time, or through patterns of prey selection. understanding how these competitors cope with one other can inform strategies for their conservation. we tested how mechanisms of niche partitioning promote coexistence by quantifying patte ... | 2017 | 28070283 |
| in the absence of a "landscape of fear": how lions, hyenas, and cheetahs coexist. | aggression by top predators can create a "landscape of fear" in which subordinate predators restrict their activity to low-risk areas or times of day. at large spatial or temporal scales, this can result in the costly loss of access to resources. however, fine-scale reactive avoidance may minimize the risk of aggressive encounters for subordinate predators while maintaining access to resources, thereby providing a mechanism for coexistence. we investigated fine-scale spatiotemporal avoidance in ... | 2016 | 28031805 |
| big cat coalitions: a comparative analysis of regional brain volumes in felidae. | broad-based species comparisons across mammalian orders suggest a number of factors that might influence the evolution of large brains. however, the relationship between these factors and total and regional brain size remains unclear. this study investigated the relationship between relative brain size and regional brain volumes and sociality in 13 felid species in hopes of revealing relationships that are not detected in more inclusive comparative studies. in addition, a more detailed analysis ... | 2016 | 27812324 |
| feliform carnivores have a distinguished constitutive innate immune response. | determining the immunological phenotype of endangered and threatened populations is important to identify those vulnerable to novel pathogens. among mammals, members of the order carnivora are particularly threatened by diseases. we therefore examined the constitutive innate immune system, the first line of protection against invading microbes, of six free-ranging carnivore species; the black-backed jackal (canis mesomelas), the brown hyena (hyena brunnea), the caracal (caracal caracal), the che ... | 2016 | 27044323 |
| effect of portal access system and surgery type on surgery times during laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy in captive african lions and cheetahs. | a prospective randomized study was used to compare surgery times for laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy in female african lion (panthera leo) (n = 14) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 20) and to compare the use of a multiple portal access system (mpas) and single portal access system (spas) between groups. two different portal techniques were used, namely mpas (three separate ports) in lions and spas (sils™ port) in cheetahs, using standard straight laparoscopic instruments. portal ac ... | 2016 | 26935755 |
| to kill, stay or flee: the effects of lions and landscape factors on habitat and kill site selection of cheetahs in south africa. | understanding how animals utilize available space is important for their conservation, as it provides insight into the ecological needs of the species, including those related to habitat, prey and inter and intraspecific interactions. we used 28 months of radio telemetry data and information from 200 kill locations to assess habitat selection at the 3rd order (selection of habitats within home ranges) and 4th order (selection of kill sites within the habitats used) of a reintroduced population o ... | 2015 | 25693067 |
| an objective approach to determining the weight ranges of prey preferred by and accessible to the five large african carnivores. | broad-scale models describing predator prey preferences serve as useful departure points for understanding predator-prey interactions at finer scales. previous analyses used a subjective approach to identify prey weight preferences of the five large african carnivores, hence their accuracy is questionable. this study uses a segmented model of prey weight versus prey preference to objectively quantify the prey weight preferences of the five large african carnivores. based on simulations of known ... | 2014 | 24988433 |
| development of mhc-linked microsatellite markers in the domestic cat and their use to evaluate mhc diversity in domestic cats, cheetahs, and gir lions. | diversity within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) reflects the immunological fitness of a population. mhc-linked microsatellite markers provide a simple and an inexpensive method for studying mhc diversity in large-scale studies. we have developed 6 mhc-linked microsatellite markers in the domestic cat and used these, in conjunction with 5 neutral microsatellites, to assess mhc diversity in domestic mixed breed (n = 129) and purebred burmese (n = 61) cat populations in australia. the m ... | 2017 | 24620003 |
| moving to stay in place: behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of african large carnivores. | most ecosystems have multiple predator species that not only compete for shared prey, but also pose direct threats to each other. these intraguild interactions are key drivers of carnivore community structure, with ecosystem-wide cascading effects. yet, behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of multiple carnivore species remain poorly understood. the challenges of studying large, free-ranging carnivores have resulted in mainly coarse-scale examination of behavioral strategies without information ... | 2013 | 24400513 |
| risk avoidance in sympatric large carnivores: reactive or predictive? | 1. risks of predation or interference competition are major factors shaping the distribution of species. an animal's response to risk can either be reactive, to an immediate risk, or predictive, based on preceding risk or past experiences. the manner in which animals respond to risk is key in understanding avoidance, and hence coexistence, between interacting species. 2. we investigated whether cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), known to be affected by predation and competition by lions (panthera leo) ... | 2013 | 23692142 |
| comparison of the effects of artificial and natural barriers on large african carnivores: implications for interspecific relationships and connectivity. | 1. physical barriers contribute to habitat fragmentation, influence species distribution and ranging behaviour, and impact long-term population viability. barrier permeability varies among species and can potentially impact the competitive balance within animal communities by differentially affecting co-occurring species. the influence of barriers on the spatial distribution of species within whole communities has nonetheless received little attention. 2. during a 4-year period, we studied the i ... | 2013 | 23402594 |
| determinants of persistence and tolerance of carnivores on namibian ranches: implications for conservation on southern african private lands. | changing land use patterns in southern africa have potential to dramatically alter the prospects for carnivore conservation. understanding these influences is essential for conservation planning. we interviewed 250 ranchers in namibia to assess human tolerance towards and the distribution of large carnivores. cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), leopards (panthera pardus) and brown hyaenas (hyaena brunnea) were widely distributed on namibian farmlands, spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) had a narrower di ... | 2013 | 23326333 |
| implications of diet for the extinction of saber-toothed cats and american lions. | the saber-toothed cat, smilodon fatalis, and american lion, panthera atrox, were among the largest terrestrial carnivores that lived during the pleistocene, going extinct along with other megafauna ∼12,000 years ago. previous work suggests that times were difficult at la brea (california) during the late pleistocene, as nearly all carnivores have greater incidences of tooth breakage (used to infer greater carcass utilization) compared to today. as dental microwear texture analysis (dmta) can dif ... | 2012 | 23300674 |
| the clavicles of smilodon fatalis and panthera atrox (mammalia: felidae) from rancho la brea, los angeles, california. | the rancho la brea collections at the george c. page museum in los angeles, california, contain the largest single inventory of smilodon fatalis remains representing virtually every bone in the skeleton. eighteen clavicles of two distinctive shapes have been recovered from historical and recent excavations at rancho la brea. in this study, we identify these specimens to species through comparison of their morphology and morphological variability with clavicles found in modern felids. this study ... | 2012 | 22592918 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xlviii. ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting domestic cats and wild felids in southern africa. | ticks collected from domestic cats (felis catus), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus),caracals (caracal caracal), african wild cats (felis lybica), black-footed cats (felis nigripes), a serval (leptailurus serval), lions(panthera leo), and leopards (panthera pardus) were identified and counted. thirteen species of ixodid ticks and one argasid tick were identified from domestic cats and 17 species of ixodid ticks from wild felids. the domestic cats and wild felids harboured 11 ixodid species in common. t ... | 2010 | 23327159 |
| neoplasia in felids at the knoxville zoological gardens, 1979-2003. | a review of medical records and necropsy reports from 1979-2003 found 40 neoplasms in 26 zoo felids, including five lions (panthera leo, two males and three females), three leopards (panthera pardus, two males and one female), one jaguar (panthera onca, female), 11 tigers (panthera tigris, three males and eight females), two snow leopards (panthera uncia, one male and one female), two cougars (felis concolor, one male and one female), one bobcat (felis rufus, male), and one cheetah (acinonyx jub ... | 2008 | 19110704 |
| predator avoidance, breeding experience and reproductive success in endangered cheetahs, acinonyx jubatus. | i examine three hypotheses about predator avoidance behaviour: (1) avoidance increases an individual's reproductive success; (2) avoidance changes with breeding experience according to one of three described models; and (3) any reproductive or experience benefits accrued to individuals by avoidance are reflected in their spatial distribution. these hypotheses were tested on cheetahs which incur substantial juvenile mortality from predation by two larger competitors: spotted hyaenas, crocuta croc ... | 2000 | 10924211 |
| haematological reference values for adult pumas, lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars and cheetahs. | normal haematological values and fibrinogen levels were obtained from a number of healthy adult felidae in the collection of the zoological society of london. the group comprised 29 pumas (felis concolor), 32 lions (panthera leo), 27 tigers (p tigris), 19 leopards (p pardus), 18 jaguars (p onca) and 22 cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). the values provided a basis for identifying abnormalities in the blood of sick individuals of these species and for undertaking interspecies comparisons. | 1986 | 3775118 |
| estimating carnivoran diets using a combination of carcass observations and scats from gps clusters. | scat analysis is one of the most frequently used methods to assess carnivoran diets and global positioning system (gps) cluster methods are increasingly being used to locate feeding sites for large carnivorans. however, both methods have inherent biases that limit their use. gps methods to locate kill sites are biased towards large carcasses, while scat analysis over-estimates the biomass consumed from smaller prey. we combined carcass observations and scats collected along known movement routes ... | 2012 | 22408290 |
| giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) buccal mucosa tissue as a source of multipotent progenitor cells. | since the first mammal was cloned, the idea of using this technique to help endangered species has aroused considerable interest. however, several issues limit this possibility, including the relatively low success rate at every stage of the cloning process, and the dearth of usable tissues from these rare animals. ips cells have been produced from cells from a number of rare mammalian species and this is the method of choice for strategies to improve cloning efficiency and create new gametes by ... | 2015 | 26398672 |
| deciphering and dating the red panda's ancestry and early adaptive radiation of musteloidea. | few species have been of more disputed affinities than the red or lesser panda (ailurus fulgens), an endangered endemic southeast asian vegetarian member of the placental mammalian order carnivora. this peculiar carnivoran has mostly been classified with raccoons (procyonidae) or bears (ursidae), grouped with the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in their own family, or considered a separate lineage of equivocal ancestry. recent molecular studies have indicated a close affinity of the red pan ... | 2009 | 19699810 |
| molecular phylogeny of the arctoidea (carnivora): effect of missing data on supertree and supermatrix analyses of multiple gene data sets. | phylogenetic relationships of 79 caniform carnivores were addressed based on four nuclear sequence-tagged sites (sts) and one nuclear exon, irbp, using both supertree and supermatrix analyses. we recovered the three major arctoid lineages, ursidae, pinnipedia, and musteloidea, as monophyletic, with ursidae (bears) strongly supported as the basal arctoid lineage. within pinnipedia, phocidae (true seals) were sister to the otaroidea [otariidae (fur seals and sea lions) and odobenidae (walrus)]. ph ... | 2006 | 16814570 |
| whence the red panda? | the evolutionary history of the red panda (ailurus fulgens) plays a pivotal role in the higher-level phylogeny of the "bear-like" arctoid carnivoran mammals. characters from morphology and molecules have provided inconsistent evidence for placement of the red panda. whereas it certainly is an arctoid, there has been major controversy about whether it should be placed with the bears (ursids), ursids plus pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walrus), raccoons (procyonids), musteloids (raccoons plus weasel ... | 2000 | 11083933 |
| higher level relationships of the arctoid carnivora based on sequence data and "total evidence". | the relationships of the lesser or red panda, ailurus, have remained elusive even as any doubts about the identity of the giant panda as a bear have been erased. while usually classified as a member of the procyonidae (raccoons), recent anatomical studies have suggested that the red panda may not fall in any of the arctoid carnivore families but instead may reflect an early offshoot of the lineage leading to ursids (bears) and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses). sequence data from the cy ... | 1994 | 8025729 |
| the evaluation of enteric viruses in asymptomatic free-ranging non-human primates (alouatta guariba clamitans, alouatta caraya, callithrix spp., callithrix penicillata, and leontopithecus caissara) in southern brazil. | this study evaluated the presence of rotavirus groups a, b, and c (rv-a, rv-b, and rv-c), sapovirus (sav), and norovirus (nov) in asymptomatic non-human primates (nhp). | 2012 | 22889190 |
| antidog igg secondary antibody successfully detects igg in a variety of aquatic mammals. | serological tests play an important role in the detection of wildlife diseases. however, while there are many commercial assays and reagents available for domestic species, there is a need to develop efficient serological assays for wildlife. in recent years, marine mammals have represented a wildlife group with emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. however, with the exception of disease-agent-specific assays or functional assays, few reports describe t ... | 2016 | 28080908 |
| diagnosing domoic acid toxicosis in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) using behavioral criteria: a novel approach. | domoic acid toxicosis in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) is difficult to diagnose using presence of toxin alone because the duration of domoic acid presence in blood and urine is generally less than 48 hr following exposure. because domoic acid toxicosis is often suggested by presentation of behavioral abnormalities, we asked whether assessment of behavior might be useful for diagnostic purposes. we developed an ethogram to categorize behavioral data collected via continuous foc ... | 2015 | 25962475 |
| net effects of ecotourism on threatened species survival. | many threatened species rely on ecotourism for conservation funding, but simultaneously suffer direct ecological impacts from ecotourism. for a range of iucn-redlisted terrestrial and marine bird and mammal species worldwide, we use population viability analyses to calculate the net effects of ecotourism on expected time to extinction, in the presence of other anthropogenic threats such as poaching, primary industries and habitat loss. species for which these calculations are currently possible, ... | 2016 | 26886876 |
| isotopic niche partitioning between two apex predators over time. | 1.stable isotope analyses have become an important tool in reconstructing diets, analyzing resource use patterns, elucidating trophic relations among predators and understanding the structure of food webs. 2.here, we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen to reconstruct and compare the isotopic niches of adult south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis; n = 86) and sea lions (otaria flavescens; n = 49) -two otariid species with marked morphological differences- in ... | 2017 | 28326539 |
| with the noose around the neck: marine debris entangling otariid species. | plastic debris in marine environments and its impact on wildlife species is becoming a problem of increasing concern. in pinnipeds, entanglements commonly consist of loops around the neck of non-biodegradable materials from fishing gear or commercial packaging, known as "neck collars". these entanglements can cause injuries, death by suffocation and starvation, and therefore they may add to the overall decrease in population. our objective was to describe the entanglement of two species of otari ... | 2017 | 27899209 |
| hematology, serum chemistry, and early hematologic changes in free-ranging south american fur seals ( arctocephalus australis ) at guafo island, chilean patagonia. | the establishment of clinical pathology baseline data is critical to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in marine mammal groups. despite increased availability of studies on hematology and biochemistry of marine mammals, reference ranges are lacking for many populations, especially among fur seal species. during the austral summers of 2014 and 2015, we evaluated basic hematologic and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy, physically restrained south american fur seal ( arctocephalus au ... | 2016 | 27243331 |
| sex beyond species: the first genetically analyzed case of intergeneric fertile hybridization in pinnipeds. | a species, according to the biological concept, is a natural group of potentially interbreeding individuals isolated by diverse mechanisms. hybridization is considered the production of offspring resulting from the interbreeding of two genetically distinct taxa. it has been documented in over 10% of wild animals, and at least in 34 cases for artic marine mammals. in otariids, intergeneric hybridization has been reported though neither confirming it through genetic analyses nor presenting evidenc ... | 2016 | 26994861 |
| metagenomic survey of viral diversity obtained from feces of subantarctic and south american fur seals. | the brazilian south coast seasonally hosts numerous marine species, observed particularly during winter months. some animals, including fur seals, are found dead or debilitated along the shore and may harbor potential pathogens within their microbiota. in the present study, a metagenomic approach was performed to evaluate the viral diversity in feces of fur seals found deceased along the coast of the state of rio grande do sul. the fecal virome of two fur seal species was characterized: the sout ... | 2016 | 26986573 |
| a novel gammaherpesvirus in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) is closely related to the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) carcinoma-associated otarine herpesvirus-1. | otarine herpesvirus 1 (othv1) is strongly associated with california sea lion (csl, zalophus californianus) urogenital carcinoma, the most common cancer documented in marine mammals. in addition to csl, othv1 has also been found in association with carcinoma in south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis), demonstrating it can infect related species. northern fur seals (nfs, callorhinus ursinus) are sympatric with csl, and copulation between these species has been observed; yet, there are ... | 2016 | 26555110 |
| morphology of the lingual surface of south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis) and sea lion (otaria flavescens). | in this study, we aimed to describe the morphological characteristics of the lingual papillae in two species of otariidae family by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. we used tongues of two south american otariidae species. the tongues were elongated and terminated in bifid apex and there was no median sulcus on the dorsal lingual surface. the most numerous type of lingual papilla was filiform in the south american fur seal (sasl) and entire dorsal lingual surface was covered by ... | 2015 | 25431362 |