| ultrastructure of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium malariae. | this report describes the fine structure of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium malariae. erythrocytic parasites from a naturally acquired human infection and an experimentally infected chimpanzee were morphologically indistinguishable and structurally similar to other primate malarias. new findings included observations of highly structured arrays of merozoite surface coat proteins in the cytoplasm of early schizonts and on the surface of budding merozoites and the presence of knobs in the me ... | 1987 | 3309268 |
| perspectives of hiv vaccine developments. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) may enter the blood stream as free virus or via infected lymphocytes, which poses problems for vaccine development. the classical vaccine designs, attenuated, inactivated, or subunit vaccine will be discussed with regard to hiv. development of a recombinant subunit vaccine appears to be the most promising approach. forthcoming results from experiments involving inoculation of chimpanzees should allow evaluation of the feasibility of using a subunit vac ... | 1987 | 3312268 |
| characterization of proteins associated with hepatitis delta virus. | the number and size of proteins associated with hepatitis delta virus (hdv) from serum and liver (human, chimpanzee and woodchuck) in the acute and chronic stages of hdv infection were analysed by immunoblotting. hdv particles in serum were separated from serum proteins by gel filtration and peak fractions of hdv antigens were subjected to page. immunoblotting with human anti-hdv-positive sera and 125i-labelled protein a revealed two bands of 27k and 29k. it was not possible to identify any core ... | 1987 | 3316487 |
| clinical development of a new recombinant dna hepatitis b vaccine. | the clinical development plan for the new recombinant dna yeast-derived hepatitis b vaccine manufactured by smithkline biologicals is summarized. initially, the emphasis was on assessing the risk of hypersensitivity to yeast-derived contaminants. this was followed by an evaluation of local and general reactions after vaccination. next, the optimal dose of vaccine to be administered was ascertained followed by an evaluation of the efficacy of different vaccination schedules. the reactogenicity an ... | 1987 | 3317343 |
| the protection of chimpanzees against hepatitis b viral infection using a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b surface antigen. | in order to determine the efficacy of the smithkline biologicals recombinant dna yeast-derived hepatitis b vaccine in inducing protection against hepatitis b infection, two chimpanzees were injected intramuscularly with 20 micrograms according to a 0-, 1-, and 2-month schedule. after the second dose, the vaccinated animals already showed a significant antibody response. one month after the last injection, the animals were challenged with hepatitis b virus. the vaccinated animals were protected w ... | 1987 | 3317363 |
| primates and anencephalics as sources for pediatric organ transplants. medical, legal, and ethical issues. | this article discusses some of the medical, legal, and ethical issues in using organs from primates and anencephalics to transplant to infants who will otherwise die. the use of primates is discouraging on ethical grounds due to scarcity of chimpanzees, the preferred species, and to the poor chance of survival. anencephalic fetuses and newborns are promising sources of organs for pediatric transplants, provided that ethical and legal considerations are met. an argument is made, based on current ... | 1986 | 3331881 |
| isozymes as bioprobes for genetic analysis of nonhuman primates. | the identification and the utilization of genetically determined electrophoretic differences of enzymes between the individuals of species as well as between cell lines have played an important role in the advancement of mammalian genetics during the past quarter of a century. in an explicit search we found a number of red cell enzyme polymorphisms in each of the following four species: chimpanzees, orang utans, rhesus monkeys and brown capuchins. allelic distribution patterns among populations ... | 1987 | 3333351 |
| chromosome phylogenies of man, great apes, and old world monkeys. | the karyotypes of man and of the closely related pongidae--chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan--differ by a small number of well known rearrangements, mainly pericentric inversions and one fusion which reduced the chromosome number from 48 in the pongidae to 46 in man. dutrillaux et al. (1973, 1975, 1979) reconstructed the chromosomal phylogeny of the entire primate order. more and more distantly related species were compared thus moving backward in evolution to the common ancestors of the pongid ... | 1987 | 3333352 |
| the major histocompatibility complex of primates. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) encodes cell surface glycoproteins that function in self-nonself recognition and in allograft rejection. among primates, the mhc has been well defined only in the human; in the chimpanzee and in two species of macaque monkeys the mhc is less well characterized. serologic, biochemical and genetic evidence indicates that the basic organization of the mhc linkage group has been phylogenetically conserved. however, the number of genes and their linear relat ... | 1987 | 3333353 |
| immunogenetic studies of maternal-fetal relationships: a review: why newborn rhesus monkeys don't get hemolytic disease. | the discovery of the rh blood group factor in humans was made using the red blood cells of rhesus monkeys. because of its importance to human medicine and immunogenetics, this finding contributed greatly to the appreciation of the importance of nonhuman primates in research. it is now widely recognized that blood group incompatibility between mother and fetus can lead to differential fertility, fetal death, and hemolytic disease of the newborn (hdn). the blood group systems of several nonhuman p ... | 1987 | 3333354 |
| identification of human urinary stains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human uromucoid. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the sandwich type for identification of human urinary stains using commercially available anti-human uromucoid was developed. when experimentally prepared urinary stains of humans and animals, 2 by 2 cm in area, were subjected to analysis, human stains could be differentiated from animal ones except chimpanzee and old world monkey ones. stains of other human body fluids showed negative reactions. the reactions did not decrease when human urinary st ... | 1988 | 3351462 |
| homoeologic aberrations in human and chimpanzee y chromosomes: inverted and satellited y chromosomes. | an inverted and a satellited y chromosome detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes of a chimpanzee and a pygmy chimpanzee, respectively, were characterized cytogenetically by various banding techniques. a detailed comparison with an inverted and a satellited y chromosome in man suggested that the corresponding aberrations were homoeologic. | 1988 | 3356165 |
| molecular evolution of intergenic dna in higher primates: pattern of dna changes, molecular clock, and evolution of repetitive sequences. | a 3.1-kb intergenic dna fragment located between the psi beta-globin and delta-globin genes in the beta-globin gene cluster was cloned from gorilla, orangutan, rhesus monkey, and spider monkey, and the nucleotide sequence of each fragment was determined. the phylogeny of these four sequences, together with two previously published allelic sequences from humans and one from chimpanzee, was constructed, and the accumulation of mutations in the region was analyzed. the sites of base substitutions a ... | 1988 | 3357413 |
| a common fragile site at xq27: theoretical and practical implications. | the fragile site at xq27 (fraxa) is associated with a common form of x-linked mental retardation (martin-bell syndrome). it is induced in culture by conditions of thymidylate stress and is generally considered a rare fragile site found only in association with an x-linked form of mental retardation. using a somatic cell hybrid system, we previously demonstrated that fragile-x expression can be induced by thymidylate stress in normal x chromosomes at low levels (4%-5%). in the present report, sig ... | 1988 | 3358421 |
| analysis of higher-primate phylogeny from transversion differences in nuclear and mitochondrial dna by lake's methods of evolutionary parsimony and operator metrics. | in the companion paper (holmquist et al. 1988), we concluded that there is no agreement on either the correct branching order or differential rates of evolution among the higher primates, and we examined in depth why this uncertainty in the evolutionary understanding of our closest living relatives persists. recently, lake developed two novel methods, based on group properties of transition and transversion operators, that (a) permit, in principle, objective resolution of problems of the above t ... | 1988 | 3386527 |
| chronic hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection in hepatitis b virus carrier chimpanzees experimentally superinfected with hdv. | chimpanzees that were chronic hepatitis b virus carriers and that were superinfected with hepatitis d virus (hdv) apparently developed acute, self-limited type d hepatitis. reevaluation with a sensitive hybridization-based assay using rna probes specific for the hdv genome, however, demonstrated that greater than 50% of these animals still had detectable signs of ongoing hdv replication an average of 2.4 y (range, 1-6.4 y) after inoculation. the only positive marker for the presence of hdv was s ... | 1988 | 3392412 |
| purified envelope glycoproteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants induce individual, type-specific neutralizing antibodies. | repeated immunizations of goats, horses, or chimpanzees with envelope glycoprotein gp120 isolated from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) resulted in type-specific neutralizing-antibody responses, which began to decay approximately 20 days following the administration of antigen. this was true repeatedly for serum samples from animals hyperimmunized with gp120s from either the htlv-iiib (iiib) or the envelope-divergent htlv-iiirf (rf) hiv-1 isolates. animals previously immunized with th ... | 1988 | 3392769 |
| a molecularly cloned hepatitis b virus produced in vitro is infectious in a chimpanzee. | the infectivity of hepatitis b virus (hbv) produced in vitro by hepg2 cells transfected with hbv dna (hepg2t14) has been assayed in a chimpanzee. following inoculation, the chimpanzee underwent a typical course of type b hepatitis infection, characterized by elevation of serum aminotransferases and by histological identification of hepatic damage. hepatitis b surface antigen and core-related antigen appeared in the serum at weeks 5 and 7, respectively, after infection. hbv dna was detected in se ... | 1988 | 3392775 |
| comparisons of ape and human sequences that regulate mitochondrial dna transcription and d-loop dna synthesis. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control regions for common chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee and gorilla were sequenced and the lengths and termini of their d-loop dna's characterized. in these and all other species for which there are data, 5' termini map to sequences that contain the trinucleotide yay. 3' termini are 25-51 nucleotides downstream from a sequence that is moderately conserved among vertebrates. substitutions were greater than 1.5 times more frequent in the control region than in regions ... | 1988 | 3399380 |
| [dynamics of heart rhythm in chimpanzees during the perception of the emotionally colored human voice]. | the performed study allowed to observe in two chimpanzees both common and individual changes of the heart rate under the action of human voice with emotionally positive or negative intonation, as well as under the action of preferred (sweet) or rejected (quinine solution) natural stimulus. the common property consists in a significant slowing down of the heart rate in response to negative vocal signal and rejected natural stimulus and in only slight change of the heart rate in response to positi ... | 1988 | 3400320 |
| ivermectin prophylaxis against experimental onchocerca volvulus infection in chimpanzees. | ivermectin was tested for possible prophylactic action against the third and fourth larval stages (l3 and l4) of onchocerca volvulus inoculated into chimpanzees. the infective larvae (l3) were obtained from laboratory-raised black flies. eighteen chimpanzees were inoculated, each with approximately 250 l3. six were treated with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg) on the day of inoculation, 6 were treated with ivermectin on day 28, and 6 were not treated. monthly skin snips were taken for the next 30 ... | 1988 | 3400802 |
| [new atractid nematode parasites of the chimpanzee and gorilla in gabon]. | females of the genus probstmayria, collected in feces of wild chimpanzees and gorillas, living in the lope-okanda reserve in gabon, are described. the cephalic structures of p. gombensis file, 1976 from chimpanzee and p. gabonensis n. sp. from gorilla are similar to those of the other species of the genus. in contrast, the cephalic structures of p. inversa n. sp. from chimpanzee and p. goodallae n. sp. from gorilla are unusual; they have an inverse symmetry (one ventral lip and two latero-dorsal ... | 1988 | 3400960 |
| peculiarities of participation of the fronto-thalamo-caudate system in extrapolatory behavior. | after observing a chimpanzee constructing a step-ladder to reach a hanging fruit, on one of his "wednesday-meetings" (on november 13th, 1935), i. p. pavlov said that one could not call this complex behavior "a conditioned reflex," "...this is the beginning of knowledge accumulation, establishment of constant connections between objects--the basis, underlying the scientific activity, causality laws and so on" (pavlovskije sredi, 1949, v. 3, p. 263). so, i.p. pavlov thought that higher nervous act ... | 1988 | 3403169 |
| rhesus fetal globin genes. concerted gene evolution in the descent of higher primates. | the comparison of the nucleotide sequences of closely linked duplicated genes of higher eukaryotes has been important in the identification of molecular events that shape the evolution of mammalian genes, most notably recombinational events such as unequal crossovers and gene conversions. toward this goal we have been comparing the nucleotide sequences of the paired gamma 1- and gamma 2-fetal globin genes from species of catarrhine primates. previous comparisons document that, within each great ... | 1988 | 3410846 |
| in utero infection of an infant chimpanzee with hiv. | | 1988 | 3412392 |
| hla-a and b polymorphisms predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) glycoproteins bind processed fragments of proteins and present them to the receptors of t lymphocytes. the extraordinary polymorphism of class i mhc molecules in man (hla-a, b and c) and mouse (h-2 k, d and l) poses many questions concerning their diversification and evolution. comparison of allelic sequences within a species suggests diversity is generated by the assortment of point mutations into varied combinations by mechanisms of recombination and gene ... | 1988 | 3412487 |
| failure of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) immune globulin to protect chimpanzees against experimental challenge with hiv. | to assess the possible efficacy of passive immunization against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) an immune globulin was prepared from plasma of hiv-seropositive donors selected to be among those having the top 12.5% of virus-neutralizing antibody titers. the immune globulin was treated with pepsin to render it intravenously tolerable. the preparation, which we termed hivig, neutralized 100 tissue culture 50% infective doses (tcid50) of hiv at an average dilution of 1:1000 in neutralization tes ... | 1988 | 3413127 |
| bone resorption of the pubis and preauricular area in humans and nonhuman mammals. | some innominates of adult human females show areas of bone resorption on the dorsal aspect of the pubic corpus and preauricular area of the ilium. for both sites, many studies have shown a positive association between degree of resorption and parity. the present study tested hypotheses concerning resorption of the pubis and preauricular area. samples of innominates from three prehistoric amerindian populations were used. within each population, only a minority of females, in general, showed reso ... | 1988 | 3414794 |
| infection of rabbits with human immunodeficiency virus. | an important requirement for the development of a vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), the causative agent of aids, is a readily available animal model that would allow possible immunogens to be evaluated. the only species to have been infected with hiv-1 so far is the chimpanzee. however, the scarcity of this animal and its designation as an endangered species place severe restrictions on its use as an animal model. attempts to infect mice, rats, hamsters, guinea-pigs, musk ... | 1988 | 3419504 |
| [inflammations of the laryngeal pouch in anthropoid apes (orangutan and chimpanzee)]. | | 1987 | 3439633 |
| termination of retinofugal fibers and lamination pattern in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the gibbon. | the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of the gibbon (hylobates sp.) consists of four principal layers, i.e., layers 1 and 2 containing large somata and layers 3 and 4 comprising medium-sized neurons. in addition, there are intercalated layers s, imm and imp, each consisting of small cells. tracing of retinofugal fibers with the autoradiographic method revealed that the retina projects to the ipsilateral layers 2, 3 and imp and to the contralateral layers 1, 4, s and imm. no 'hidden' layers have b ... | 1987 | 3443419 |
| reactions of monoclonal antibodies to human mn blood groups with red blood cells of subhuman primates. | all 12 samples of chimpanzee erythrocytes tested were agglutinated by the commercial polyclonal anti-m reagent of rabbit origin, but none was agglutinated by monoclonal anti-m reagent of murine origin. this, as well as results of absorption experiments, showed that the polyclonal and monoclonal anti-m reagents detect different m epitopes. polyclonal anti-n reagent of rabbit origin and monoclonal reagent of murine origin obtained by immunization with n blood group substance did not react with any ... | 1987 | 3443476 |
| a comparison of the small ribosomal rna genes from the mitochondrial dna of the great apes and humans: sequence, structure, evolution, and phylogenetic implications. | restriction endonuclease fragments produced by ecori/avai or kpni digestion and containing the small (12s) ribosomal rna (rrna) genes from the mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas) of the common chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan were inserted into the plasmids pbr322 or padd1. after species verification the inserted fragments were digested with sauiiia, subcloned into m13mp7 vectors, and sequenced. the small rrna gene sequences were compared with each other and with the published human ... | 1986 | 3444394 |
| frequency code: orofacial correlates of fundamental frequency. | in the human voice, lip retraction as in smiling can be associated with high fundamental (fo) and formant frequencies. the aim of this study was to investigate under naturalistic conditions the cross-species generality of the frequency code hypothesis and related orofacial correlates in fo. digital spectral, spectrographic, and cinegraphic measurements were made of spontaneous chimpanzee vocalizations and orofacial movements produced and recorded in the field. a significant decline in fo was fou ... | 1987 | 3452836 |
| identification and transmission of hepatitis b virus-related variants. | we have identified long-incubation viral agents that share epitopes with hepatitis b virus (hbv). during chimpanzee infectivity studies, these agents may be recognized in the liver since they possess complementary nucleic acid sequences with hbv dna; the genomic size was found to be 3.2 kilobases, identical to that of hbv. liver injury was produced and there was antigen expression in hepatocytes. chimpanzees were not protected by prior immunization with hepatitis b surface antigen; conversely, t ... | 1986 | 3462716 |
| suppression of mouse viraemia and retroviral disease by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. | the retroviruses human t-cell lymphotrophic virus-i (htlv-i) and htlv-iii/lav (lymphadenopathy-associated virus) are clearly linked to human diseases. patients with htlv-i-positive neoplasms may respond transiently to traditional chemotherapy, but are not cured. for patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) there is no curative therapy. in retroviruses of different species, viral propagation crucially depends on reverse transcriptase, an enzyme not present in normal mammalian cell ... | 1986 | 3463867 |
| a synthetic peptide vaccine involving the product of the pre-s(2) region of hepatitis b virus dna: protective efficacy in chimpanzees. | the s gene encoding the major surface polypeptide of hepatitis b virus is preceded by the region pre-s(2) with a capacity to code for 55 amino acid residues. in the product of region pre-s(2), the sequence of 19 amino acid residues (amino acids 14-32 from the n terminus) representing an area of high local hydrophilicity is shared by viral strains of subtypes adr, ayw, and ayr; residue 22, phenylalanine, is replaced by leucine in a strain of the other subtype, adw. a synthetic peptide vaccine inv ... | 1986 | 3466181 |
| hepatocarcinogenicity of the woodchuck hepatitis virus. | during investigations of the evolution of experimental laboratory infections of woodchucks (marmota monax) with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv), eight hepatocellular carcinomas (hcc) were observed, six in newborns and two in young adult animals, all within 17-36 months after infection. the absence of an external cocarcinogenic effect in the well-monitored woodchucks indicates the carcinogenicity of whv and suggests the same for the genetically and biologically similar human hepatitis b virus ... | 1987 | 3468514 |
| absence of cytotoxic antibody to human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells in humans and its induction in animals after infection or immunization with purified envelope glycoprotein gp120. | the presence of antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity (acc) was assessed in humans and chimpanzees, which are capable of infection with human immunodeficiency virus isolate htlv-iiib, and examined in the goat after immunization with the major viral glycoprotein (gp120) of htlv-iiib. in infected humans no antibody mediating acc was observed regardless of the status of disease. even healthy individuals with high-titer, broadly reactive, neutralizing antibodies had no acc. in contrast ... | 1987 | 3473484 |
| intra-blood-brain barrier synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody in humans and chimpanzees. | the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was associated with progressive encephalopathy in adult and pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). hiv antigen was detected in csf from 6 of 7 aids patients with progressive encephalopathy. by contrast, hiv antigen, whether free or complexed, was detected in csf from only 1 of 18 hiv antibody seropositive patients without progressive encephalopathy and from 0 of 8 experimentally i ... | 1987 | 3473487 |
| effect of immunization with a vaccinia-hiv env recombinant on hiv infection of chimpanzees. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and is now recognized as a worldwide epidemic for which there is no cure or vaccine. chimpanzees are the only other animals that can be infected by hiv, and therefore the chimpanzee-hiv model system is useful for testing potential hiv vaccines. however, with one exception, there have been no reports of clinical manifestations of aids in chimpanzees. we report here results of an hiv vaccine trial in which ni ... | 1987 | 3475581 |
| serological responses in chimpanzees inoculated with human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein (gp120) subunit vaccine. | the major envelope glycoprotein of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been purified and was utilized as a prototype vaccine in chimpanzees. the 120,000-dalton glycoprotein (gp120) was purified from membranes of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv)-iiib-infected cells and the final preparation contained low levels to no detectable htlv-iiib core antigen (p24) and low levels of endotoxin. chimpanzees inoculated with gp120 responded by developing antibodies that precipitated radiolabeled gp120 a ... | 1987 | 3479807 |
| extrathecal and intrathecal igg response to the aids virus lav/htlv-iii in experimental infection of chimpanzees. | seven of seven chimpanzees inoculated with lav/htlv-iii and three of three chimpanzee-to-chimpanzee passages seroconverted for lav/htlv-iii as tested by elisa and immunoblotting. serum igg reactivity to gag-gene products emerged between 3 and 6 weeks after inoculation, p24gag reactivity always reaching maximum titers first. serum igg antibodies to env-related proteins occurred 11-21 weeks after inoculation. throughout the observation period (greater than 36 weeks), igg reactivity to gag, pol, an ... | 1987 | 3480064 |
| lack of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from infected to uninfected chimpanzees. | four uninfected chimpanzees were each housed in separate cages with an hiv-infected chimpanzee for six to twenty-nine months. despite close daily contact, all uninoculated chimpanzees remained seronegative for hiv, and virus was never isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the uninfected chimpanzees. these data indicate that the probability of transmission from infected animals to humans is extremely low and also provide supportive evidence for lack of transmission of hiv by casual ... | 1987 | 3480958 |
| simple, rapid, quantitative, syncytium-forming microassay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibody. | a simple, rapid, quantitative syncytium-forming microassay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-i) isolates is described. a virus-syncytial sensitive clone of cem cells (cem-ss) was identified and made adherent to flat bottom 96-well microtiter dishes. following the addition of virus, these cells develop easily quantifiable, adherent syncytia on a background of confluent, normal cem-ss monolayer in 4 to 6 days. one-hit kinetics for syncytia formation were obtained at various mu ... | 1987 | 3481271 |
| stages in the progression of hiv infection in chimpanzees. | circulating hiv antigens and hiv specific antibodies in sera of experimentally infected chimpanzees were monitored by elisa immunoassay, western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation procedures. three of three chimpanzees given plasma from patients with aids or arc tested positive for hiv antigens beginning six to ten weeks after transfusion. antigen production rose sharply but was of short duration. despite their proven infectivity and the presence of anti-hiv antibody, all donors to these chimpan ... | 1987 | 3482160 |
| lack of genetic restriction by a potential anti-idiotype vaccine for type b viral hepatitis. | anti-idiotype (anti-id) reagents that bear an internal image capable of mimicking hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) were used to induce an antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) response in both rabbits and chimpanzees. the anti-idiotype induced antibody response produced in rabbits recognized hbsag determinants associated with the induction of protective immunity against hepatitis b virus (hbv). attesting further to the specificity was the binding of the rabbit anti-idiotype to the anti-idiotype induce ... | 1986 | 3484564 |
| hepadnavirus infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes in vivo: woodchuck and chimpanzee models of viral hepatitis. | the peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) of five hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected chimpanzees and 17 woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv)-infected woodchucks were examined for the presence of viral dna and rna. hbv dna was detected in the pbl of three of three chronically infected chimpanzees but in neither of two animals with acute hbv infection. whv dna was found in the pbl of 11 of 13 chronically infected woodchucks and in the pbl and bone marrow of 1 of 4 woodchucks with antibody to whv surface ant ... | 1986 | 3485201 |
| igg response to human immunodeficiency virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees mimics the igg response in humans. | | 1987 | 3492573 |
| proliferative and cytotoxic t cells to aids virus glycoproteins in chimpanzees immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing aids virus envelope glycoproteins. | pbl from chimpanzees immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses hiv envelope glycoproteins ("env"), were found to proliferate after stimulation with hiv or with "env". furthermore, ctl clones lytic for autologous target cells expressing hiv envelope glycoproteins were generated after stimulation of the chimpanzees' pbl with "env", indicating that immunization of these primates with a recombinant vaccinia virus primes hiv-specific ctl and also that hiv envelope glycoproteins serve ... | 1987 | 3497202 |
| t-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its recombinant antigens in hiv-infected chimpanzees. | peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzees infected for 3 months to more than 3 years with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) had normal t-cell proliferative responses after stimulation with a variety of recall antigens and mitogens, indicating that hiv infection does not cause detectable immunological impairment in chimpanzees. this finding contrasts with that obtained in hiv-infected humans, who often have impaired t-cell reactivity. peripheral blood lymphocytes from most hiv-infected chimp ... | 1987 | 3500328 |
| evolution of homologous sequences on the human x and y chromosomes, outside of the meiotic pairing segment. | a sequence isolated from the long arm of the human y chromosome detects a highly homologous locus on the x. this homology extends over at least 50 kb of dna and is postulated to be the result of a transposition event between the x and y chromosomes during recent human evolution, since homologous sequences are shown to be present on the x chromosome alone in the chimpanzee and gorilla. | 1987 | 3502702 |
| evolution of immunoglobulin allotypes and phylogeny of apes. | serum samples from 72 pan troglodytes, 5 pan paniscus, 22 gorilla gorilla, 23 pongo pygmaeus abelii, 5 pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, 2 hybrids p.p. abelii x p.p. pygmaeus and 13 hylobates lar were tested for gm(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 28), km(1) and bm(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) immunoglobulin allotypes by the classical hemagglutination inhibition method. the distribution of the various alleles and phenotypes makes it possible to distinguish each species or subspecies. common ... | 1987 | 3504421 |
| genetic research with nonhuman primates: serving the needs of mankind. symposium summary and future prospects. | the wide array of papers delivered at this symposium, ranging from population genetics to molecular genetics, is convincing evidence that genetic research with nonhuman primates is in full bloom. in fact, progress has been quite remarkable considering that a significant number of pedigreed colonies of nonhuman primates have been available for less than 25 years, which is hardly enough time to raise 3 generations of chimpanzees, 5 generations of baboons or 6 generations of rhesus monkeys. were it ... | 1987 | 3505889 |
| evolution of nuclear gene families in primates. copy-number variation in the argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) pseudogene family and the anonymous dna sequence, d1s1. | changes in the copy number of nuclear genes provide the raw material for the creation of new gene functions. to better understand the mechanisms for such events, and their physiologic and evolutionary consequences, it is valuable to study a well characterized and closely related group of species such as primates. fortuitously, most of the powerful molecular techniques and dna probes developed for research in humans are equally applicable to non-human primates. we review what is known of copy num ... | 1987 | 3505891 |
| induction in chimpanzees of antibodies inhibiting receptor-mediated cell fusion by hiv glycoprotein. | cell fusion of htlv-iiib-infected ebv-transformed b cells and cd4+ t cells was inhibited by sera from eight of nine hiv infected chimpanzees. syncytia formation was reduced by sixty percent relative to control after only 5 minutes of preincubation of the hiv infected cells with immune primate serum, indicating that these antibodies have high affinity for hiv protein on the surface of infected cells. serum dilutions that blocked formation of syncytia irreversibly within 24 hrs also blocked expres ... | 1987 | 3509947 |
| experimental transmission of the delta virus to a hepatitis b chronic carrier chimpanzee with the development of persistent delta carriage. | a delta virus (dv) infection was experimentally transmitted to a hepatitis b chronic carrier chimpanzee. the infection was monitored by the examination of liver biopsy materials with the use of fitc-labeled human anti-delta igg or by an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique and by measurement of the serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) activity. three different antibody enzyme immunoassays (eias) were developed for assessment of the serologic response: 1) blocking assay, 2) igm-specific c ... | 1986 | 3511725 |
| infection of mosquitoes with plasmodium vivax from chimpanzees using membrane feeding. | six splenectomized chimpanzees were infected with the chesson or the north korean strains of plasmodium vivax. heparinized blood taken from the animals was fed to approximately 45,000 mosquitoes using parafilm membranes. high-level mosquito infections were obtained with the blood from 4 animals. one animal infected mosquitoes only at a very low level. the other chimpanzee failed to produce a parasitemia high enough to warrant mosquito feeding. | 1986 | 3511751 |
| observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. iv. pre-erythrocytic schizonts and/or hypnozoites of chesson and north korean strains of plasmodium vivax in the chimpanzee. | in a continuing reexamination of plasmodial tissue stages within the context of the hypnozoite theory of malarial relapse, 2 strains of plasmodium vivax with distinct and disparate relapse characteristics in humans were studied in chimpanzees. following intravenous inoculation of massive numbers of salivary gland sporozoites, both the frequently relapsing chesson strain and a north korean strain characterized by predominantly delayed relapses exhibited relapse patterns and antimalarial sensitivi ... | 1986 | 3513645 |
| variation among species in the endocrine control of mammary growth and function: the roles of prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen. | prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen form a family of structurally related hormones, which may have evolved from a common ancestral peptide. prolactin and growth hormone are present in all mammals, but the biological activity associated with placental lactogen has been detected in only some groups. attempts to detect placental lactogen using bioassay and radioreceptor assay are reported and have been unsuccessful in an insectivore (the shrew), a bat, an edentate (the armadillo), a l ... | 1986 | 3519707 |
| review of xenografts in organ transplantation. | xenografts may provide one approach for resolving organ procurement problems for clinical transplantation. also, they would allow surgical procedures to be done in an elective, highly organized fashion. the process of xenograft rejection qualitatively resembles allograft rejection in that both cellular and humoral immune mechanisms are involved, but differs quantitatively depending on the genetic disparity between the donor and the recipient. thus, with minor disparity rejection is mediated prim ... | 1986 | 3521004 |
| fine structure of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum in human hepatocytes in vitro. | recent advances in the ability to culture the hepatic forms of mammalian malaria parasites, particularly of the important human pathogen plasmodium falciparum have provided novel opportunities to study the ultrastructural organisation of the parasite in its natural host cell the human hepatocyte. in this electron-microscopic and immunofluorescence study we have found the morphology of both parasite and host cell to be well preserved. the exoerythrocytic forms, which may be found at densities of ... | 1986 | 3521880 |
| a review of the use of primates in studying human schistosomiasis. | rodents, useful models for studies of human schistosomiasis not ethically possible in man, are not satisfactory in every respect. primates, in many ways better models than rodents, though too expensive for general use, remain invaluable for testing the relevance of rodent findings to man. higher primates such as chimpanzees are ideal models but, as endangered species, should only be used for critical studies for which lower, nonhuman primates are unsuitable. | 1986 | 3528501 |
| evaluation of a synthetic oligonucleotide probe for diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infections. | a radiolabeled synthetic oligonucleotide was evaluated as a diagnostic probe specific for plasmodium falciparum using blood samples lysed directly on nitrocellulose filters. the probe technique successfully diagnosed malaria in experimentally infected chimpanzees that had 0.001% parasitemias (50 parasites/microliter) as determined by blood smears, and in 1 chimpanzee whose blood smear was negative, but whose blood was culture-positive for p. falciparum. in a double blind study of 50 patient samp ... | 1986 | 3532848 |
| naturally acquired leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo: a decade of experience 1975-1985. | a decade has passed since our first report of naturally acquired leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. our studies and those of others during this period confirm the identification of the etiologic agent as mycobacterium leprae. confirmation is based on the results of histopathologic examination and microbiologic evaluations that included attempts to culture the organism, flourescent antibody studies, mycolic acid analysis, and dna determinations demonstrating complete relatedness between the na ... | 1986 | 3534127 |
| prospects for the prevention and therapy of infections with the human immunodeficiency virus. | the current epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) poses a major threat to our population. urgently needed are both a vaccine to prevent infection with the etiologic retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and safe, effective antiviral agents to treat those individuals already infected. the elucidation of viral replicative mechanisms has allowed the development and testing of several agents active against hiv in vitro. inhibitors of reverse transcriptase that have demonstr ... | 1986 | 3541131 |
| the integration of dominance and social bonding in primates. | social dominance is usually viewed from the perspective of intragroup competition over access to limited resources. the present paper, while not denying the importance of such competition, discusses the dominance concept among monkeys and apes in the context of affiliative bonding, social tolerance, and the reconciliation of aggressive conflicts. two basic proximate mechanisms are supposed to provide a link between dominance and interindividual affiliation, namely, formalization of the dominance ... | 1986 | 3543991 |
| regulation of nursing in chimpanzees. | the regulation of nursing was studied in captive chimpanzees from birth to 6 months of age. it was asked whether regulation was predictable or timing was irregular. a search for unimodal frequency distributions resulted in a distinction among nursing bouts, nursing episodes (bouts with brief interruptions) and nursing pauses. the frequency distributions of these types were either normal with very large standard deviations or exponential (i.e., randomly terminated). this implies a very irregular ... | 1987 | 3556786 |
| cytopathic liver injury in acute delta virus hepatitis. | hepatitis delta-virus (the delta-agent) is now recognized as a cause of acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis in hepatitis b surface antigen-positive hosts. this report describes the clinical course and liver biopsy histopathology of acute delta-hepatitis in a young american woman with presumed chronic hepatitis b infection. the liver biopsy specimen features included severe cytotoxic and cytopathic hepatocellular damage, small droplet vacuolar liver cell degener ... | 1987 | 3557018 |
| evidence for social referencing in young chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | a captive chimpanzee group was observed in order to determine the extent to which the social interactions of the infants and juveniles (18-50 months) were affected by their mothers' relationships with other adult group members. it was found that the young chimpanzees initiated more interactions with adults who interacted more with their mothers. a vast majority of those interactions occurred at significant distances from the mother. it is argued that these data imply a social-cognitive ability i ... | 1986 | 3557230 |
| aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of mahale mountains national park, tanzania. | in the mahale mountains national park of tanzania, a group of about 33 chimpanzees were observed to surround a leopard den containing a mother and at least one cub and to drag out and kill the cub. this is the first report of chimpanzees or any other primate species killing their potential predator's offspring. the incident suggests that chimpanzees, without any weapons, can manage to defend themselves against a carnivore of at least up to leopard size, and implicates how the early hominids may ... | 1986 | 3557232 |
| body weights of wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the mahale mountains national park, tanzania. | ten male and nine female habituated chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the kasoje area of the mahale mountains national park, tanzania, were weighed intermittently between december 1973 and march 1980 by luring them up a rope hung on a spring balance: six adult males averaged 42.0 kg and eight adult females 35.2 kg. seasonal change in body weight was recognized at least partially; body weights tended to decrease in the later part of the wet season presumably because of food shortage ... | 1987 | 3578495 |
| behavioral responsiveness of young chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) to a novel environment. | behavioral responsiveness to a novel environment was documented in 22 chimpanzees grouped according to age; 6-months, 1-year, 2-years and 5-years. an attachment figure, a human caretaker, accompanied each subject during the 15-min test sessions so as to preclude confounding of responses to novelty with separation responses. extreme distress reported previously for chimpanzees and human children when tested alone in a novel situation was rarely observed in these tests when an attachment figure wa ... | 1986 | 3583150 |
| an allometric study of the frontal sinus in gorilla, pan and pongo. | there is considerable speculation about the role and significance of the paranasal sinuses in the hominoidea, and this study aims to present new data about an old problem from cephalograms of dried crania. measurements of frontal sinus volumes were determined for gorilla gorilla gorilla; g. gorilla beringei and pan troglodytes. by adopting an allometric approach it was determined that the frontal sinus volume of gorilla is relatively smaller than that of pan, and that the frontal sinus of g. g. ... | 1986 | 3583154 |
| splenic replication of hepatitis b virus in the chimpanzee chronic carrier. | low levels of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication and serum dane particles have been commonly observed in chimpanzee chronic hbv carriers. to evaluate the possibility of extrahepatic sites of replication, dna from various organs of a chimpanzee hbv carrier were evaluated by southern blot analysis. with cloned, repurified hbv dna of 3.2 kilobases (kb) as a hybridization probe under stringent conditions, analysis of liver dna revealed a diffuse hybridization pattern below 3.2 kb and full-length do ... | 1987 | 3585288 |
| primate evolution of the alpha-globin gene cluster and its alu-like repeats. | the arrangement of alpha-globin genes in old world and new world monkeys and a prosimian, galago, has been determined by restriction mapping. recombinant dnas containing galago and old world monkey alpha-globin genes have been isolated and subjected to a partial sequence determination for comparison to alpha-globin genes in human, chimpanzee and non-primate mammals. the results of this extensive structural analysis are relevant to several topics concerning the evolution of primate alpha-globin g ... | 1986 | 3586010 |
| primate model for onchocerciasis research. | a major impediment to progress in research in onchocerciasis has been the lack of a suitable animal model. however, chimpanzees can be reliably infected by injection of living third-stage larvae of onchocerca volvulus, and develop a pattern of infection that closely resembles that seen in humans. this includes the formation of nodules by adult worms, the subcutaneous distribution of microfilariae and the apparent lack of development of resistance to infection after repeated larval challenge. ocu ... | 1987 | 3595323 |
| 3' non-translated region of human alpha-globin messenger rna does not affect translation efficiency. | the relative translation efficiency of three synthetic alpha-globin mrnas differing by their 3' non-translated end was measured in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. results showed that substituting the 3' non-translated end of human alpha 2 globin mrna by the 3' non-translated end of chimpanzee alpha 1 or alpha 2 mrnas has no effect on translation efficiency. in contrast, the introduction of the alpha-quong-sze mutation (alpha 125, leu----pro) in human alpha 2 mrna led to a 50% apparent red ... | 1987 | 3612793 |
| replication of human hepatitis delta virus in primary cultures of woodchuck hepatocytes. | we obtained two lines of evidence that monolayer cultures of primary woodchuck hepatocytes support replication of the genome of human hepatitis delta virus (hdv). (i) from a northern (rna blot) analysis of the hdv-related rna in infected cultures, both genomic and antigenomic 1.7-kilobase rna species were detected at 11 days after infection. the ratio of genomic rna to antigenomic rna was 2:1 to 10:1, comparable to that previously reported in studies of experimentally infected chimpanzees and wo ... | 1987 | 3612956 |
| replicative intermediate of hepatitis b virus in transfected murine fibroblasts. | the nih 3t3-derived cell line psi am22b, which carries a defective moloney murine leukemia virus, was transfected with a plasmid carrying the neo gene and two head-to-tail copies of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome positioned with opposing polarities. both the two hbv dimers and the neo gene were located between two moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeats. poly(a)+ rnas isolated from one clone that grew in the presence of g418 contained the two major classes of hbv-specific transcr ... | 1987 | 3612958 |
| a new uricosuric diuretic, s-8666, in rats and chimpanzees. | 5-dimethylsulfamoyl-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxyli c acid (s-8666) was studied as a possible new uricosuric diuretic agent using rats and chimpanzees. various new compounds belonging to the 5-sulfamoyl-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acids were clearly diuretic with uricosuric activity in intraperitoneally oxonate-treated rats. s-8666 was chosen as a favorable candidate because its uricosuric activity due to the effects of tubular transport of uric acid were appar ... | 1987 | 3613285 |
| renin angiotensin aldosterone axis, including aldosterone binding globulin and blood pressure in three species of nonhuman primates. | variables of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis with inclusion of protein binding to specific plasma globulin (abg), plasma cortisol, and the blood pressure (bp) were measured in 24 chimpanzees, 4 gorillas, and 16 cynomolgus monkeys. abg activity was readily detected in plasma from the primates. in chimpanzees and gorillas, all the variables under baseline conditions were similar to those in humans. in cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis), both the abg binding capacity for aldosterone and the diasto ... | 1987 | 3625756 |
| comparison of proto oncogene expression in seven primate fibroblast cultures. | in an interspecies comparison of seven primate species, the expression of the erbb proto oncogene was found to be higher in fibroblasts derived from three relatively long-lived species, the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee than in cells from the orangutan, pygmy chimpanzee, squirrel monkey, or red-bellied tamarin. no significant difference was found in the expression of the ras-k, myc, or src proto oncogenes. the difference would not seem to be the result of age differences of the donor animals as ... | 1987 | 3626640 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (delta) virus rna. | human hepatitis delta (delta) virus (hdv) is a form of defective virus, which infects humans only in the presence of a co-infecting hepatitis b virus (hbv). hdv superinfection in a chronic hbv carrier often results in severe chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, whereas acute hdv and hbv co-infection is frequently associated with fulminant hepatitis. hdv consists of a 36-nm particle, which contains an envelope with hbv surface antigen, and a nucleocapsid containing the hepatitis delta-antigen (hdag) ... | 1987 | 3627276 |
| a cultured cell receptor for the small s protein of hepatitis b virus. | human hepatitis b virus (hbv) has not been passaged in established cell culture systems. to determine whether this inability results from the lack of a receptor, 30 cell lines were examined for their abilities to bind 125i-labeled recombinant hepatitis b virus surface antigen (rhbsag) particles. these particles contained only the small surface (s) protein, which is also found in the envelope of infectious hbv particles. only two cells lines, both derived from african green monkey kidney, were ab ... | 1987 | 3629972 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| clearance of soluble aggregates of human immunoglobulin g in healthy volunteers and chimpanzees. | using aggregates of igg (aigg) obtained by heat aggregation of a 16 g% human igg solution, we sought a method for measuring the function of the mononuclear phagocyte system with a probe that bears more resemblance to soluble immune complexes than erythrocytes coated with anti-rhesus igg (eigg). it was found that intravenous administration of 10 micrograms aigg/kg body weight did not cause any detectable side effects in chimpanzees. in nine healthy volunteers, a dose of 10 micrograms aigg/kg body ... | 1987 | 3652528 |
| antibodies to synthetic peptides from the pre-s1 and pre-s2 regions of one subtype of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) envelope protein recognize all hbv subtypes. | immunodominant b and t cell epitopes have been demonstrated recently on the pres1 and pres2 regions of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) envelope protein. synthetic peptide analogs corresponding to the pres2 region elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies and protect chimpanzees against hbv infection. antibodies raised by immunization with peptides derived from the pres1 sequence block the site involved in hbv attachment to cell receptors, and are expected to be virus-neutralizing. results presented here ... | 1987 | 3657811 |
| evaluation of chimpanzee antiserum to human carcinoembryonic antigen. | an adult chimpanzee (pan troglodyte) with an endogenous circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) level of 60 ng/ml was immunized s.c. with human cea. after 1 year of immunizations, the anti-human cea antibody titer had plateaued. this chimpanzee antiserum demonstrated high avidity specific recognition of human cea and showed ionic strength effects for cea recognition similar to those previously described for goat and baboon anti-cea antisera. radioimmunoassay of 93 human plasma samples for cea ... | 1987 | 3664467 |
| there are two c4 genetic loci and a null allele in the chimpanzee. | genetic polymorphism in c4 in the chimpanzee was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis of desialated plasma and development of patterns by immunofixation with antiserum to human c4 and by a c4-sensitive hemolytic overlay. in general, immunofixation patterns showed multiple partially overlapping bands of which only the most cathodal had strong hemolytic activity. in analogy to human c4, the latter were designated c4b, whereas those detected by immunofixation which had little hemolytic activity w ... | 1987 | 3666845 |
| animal models of mycoplasma genitalium urogenital infection. | male and female animals were inoculated urogenitally with mycoplasma genitalium, recovered originally from men with nongonococcal urethritis. mice, hamsters and male rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were resistant. male cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were not as sensitive as male chimpanzees (pan troglodytes): 9 of 11 developed an obvious genital tract infection, some shedding organisms for more than 18 weeks. m. genitalium was recovered from the blood of two of them when large numbers ... | 1987 | 3667225 |
| immune response to human immunodeficiency virus. in vivo administration of anti-idiotype induces an anti-gp160 response specific for a synthetic peptide. | anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) to chimpanzee antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a native epitope associated with gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) envelope glycoprotein were produced in rabbits. the peptide was analogous to amino acid sequences 735 to 752 from the human t cell leukemia virus-iiib isolate of hiv. characteristics of the anti-id preparation included: 1) detection of a shared determinant present on a second chimpanzee and one of three rabb ... | 1987 | 3668251 |
| ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas in chimpanzees of various breeding capacities. | adult chimpanzees (24 male, 76 female) with low and high rates of conception were examined for ureaplasmas, arginine-metabolizing mycoplasmas and chlamydiae. ureaplasmas were isolated from the throat of only 1 male and 1 female animal, but from the urethra of 29% of the males and from the vagina of 95% of the females. mycoplasmas were isolated from the throat more often than were ureaplasmas, but from the genital tract with about the same frequency as ureaplasmas. the numbers of organisms, of ei ... | 1987 | 3668947 |
| virus safety of a pasteurized antithrombin iii concentrate. preclinical and clinical data. | blood derived products carry the risk of virus transmission, especially for the hepatitis b virus (hbv), non-a/non-b virus(es) (nanbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the precautionary measures for guaranteeing the virus safety of the pasteurized antithrombin iii concentrate kybernin hs/p are described and the efficacy of these measures is demonstrated by in vitro studies and by chimpanzee trials. the inactivation rate is greater than or equal to 10(6.7) for hiv, greater than or equal to ... | 1987 | 3675669 |
| immune response of chimpanzee to purified melanoma 250 kilodalton tumor-associated antigen. | melanoma high molecular weight tumor-associated antigen (taa), having a molecular weight of 250 kilodaltons (kd), was purified from a crude cell membrane extract through a combination of lectin affinity, immunoadsorption, and high performance liquid molecular filtration chromatography. compared to the starting extract, purified taa was 600-fold higher in taa activity per microgram of protein. purified taa was used to immunize a chimpanzee and the resulting antitaa immune response was evaluated. ... | 1987 | 3677123 |
| fatal case of salmonellosis (salmonella pullorum) in a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) in the jos zoo. | a case of salmonellosis in a captive chimpanzee (pan troglydytes) is reported. confirmatory diagnosis was based on clinical signs, necropsy and histopathological examination, and the isolation of salmonella pullorum from the lung, liver, kidney and intestines of the animal. the source of infection was not ascertained. | 1987 | 3682095 |
| infection of chimpanzees with nigerian i/cdc strain of plasmodium ovale. | seven splenectomized chimpanzees were infected with the nigerian i/cdc strain of plasmodium ovale. two of the animals had no history of previous malarial infection whereas three had been infected with p. vivax, one with p. malariae, and one with p. vivax and p. malariae. the two animals with no previous malarial experience had maximum parasitemias of 88,700 and 127,000 per mm3 while the other animals had maximum parasitemias ranging from 10,100 to 60,600 per mm3. anopheles freeborni, an. dirus, ... | 1987 | 3688304 |
| urogenital challenge of primate species with mycoplasma genitalium and characteristics of infection induced in chimpanzees. | eighteen male and eight female primates, representing five subhuman species, were inoculated urogenitally with mycoplasma genitalium, a microorganism recovered from men with nongonococcal urethritis. male rhesus (macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) monkeys apparently were resistant. female squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and female tamarins (saguinus mystax) exhibited low-level, genital-tract infections. male chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) developed an obvious genital-tract i ... | 1986 | 3701116 |
| pre-s1 antigens and antibodies early in the course of acute hepatitis b virus infection. | the presence of the two "large" surface proteins of hepatitis b virus (hbv), p39 and gp42 of pre-s1-hepatitis b surface antigen, was assayed in the serum of an experimentally infected chimpanzee by using antibodies to a pre-s1-specific fusion protein synthesized in escherichia coli. the immune response to pre-s1-hepatitis b surface antigen was monitored by using the pre-s1 fusion protein as an antigen. pre-s1 proteins were detected in the serum early in the course of infection and prevailed as l ... | 1986 | 3701922 |
| hepatitis delta virus: protein composition of delta antigen and its hepatitis b virus-derived envelope. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv)-associated particles were purified from the serum of an experimentally infected chimpanzee by size chromatography and by density centrifugation. hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) was detected after mild detergent treatment at a column elution volume corresponding to 36-nm particles and banded at a density of 1.25 g/ml. the serum had an estimated titer of 10(9) to 10(10) hdv-associated particles and had only a 10-fold excess of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) not asso ... | 1986 | 3701932 |