| adaptive changes in smooth pursuit eye movements induced by cross-axis pursuit-vestibular interaction training in monkeys. | the smooth pursuit system interacts with the vestibular system to maintain the accuracy of eye movements in space. to understand neural mechanisms of short-term modifications of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (vor) induced by pursuit-vestibular interactions, we used a cross-axis procedure in trained monkeys. we showed earlier that pursuit training in the plane orthogonal to the rotation plane induces adaptive cross-axis vor in complete darkness. to further study the properties of adaptive responses ... | 2001 | 11534872 |
| adaptive changes in smooth pursuit eye movements induced by cross-axis pursuit-vestibular interaction training in monkeys. | the smooth pursuit system interacts with the vestibular system to maintain the accuracy of eye movements in space. to understand neural mechanisms of short-term modifications of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (vor) induced by pursuit-vestibular interactions, we used a cross-axis procedure in trained monkeys. we showed earlier that pursuit training in the plane orthogonal to the rotation plane induces adaptive cross-axis vor in complete darkness. to further study the properties of adaptive responses ... | 2001 | 11534872 |
| vertebral age changes in japanese macaques. | this study deals with maturation and aging of the vertebrae in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata) of known chronological age. the samples used were 103 skeletons of captive raised japanese macaques varying in age from 6-23 years. epiphyseal union between the vertebral body and the epiphyseal disk (epiphyseal ring, annular epiphysis) and degenerative changes of the vertebrae were macroscopically examined. it was revealed that vertebral epiphyseal union develops comparatively rapidly in th ... | 2001 | 11536118 |
| distribution of amylin-immunoreactive neurons in the monkey hypothalamus and their relationships with the histaminergic system. | amylin (amy) is a 37 amino acid peptide of pancreatic origin that has been localized in peripheral and central nervous structures. both peripheral and central injection of the peptide causes various effects, including anorectic behavior in rats. prompted by previous reports showing that the anorectic effect of amy is mediated by histamine release, we immunohistochemically investigated possible relationships between these two systems at the light microscopical level. monkey (macaca fuscata japoni ... | 2001 | 11575425 |
| [an anomalous case of the thoracic cardiac nerve in the japanese monkey]. | a rare case of an anomalous right thoracic cardiac nerve that directly distributed to the left ventricle and left coronary artery was observed in a japanese monkey. its nerve arose from 4th and 5th thoracic ganglia on the right sympathetic trunk, descended obliquely along the thoracic vertebra toward the thoracic aorta at the level of the body of 7th thoracic vertebra. after reaching the aorta, it reflected upward and ascended along the medial-ventral surface of the aorta. thereafter, it receive ... | 2001 | 11577442 |
| from three-dimensional space vision to prehensile hand movements: the lateral intraparietal area links the area v3a and the anterior intraparietal area in macaques. | the posterior parietal cortex is included in the dorsal cortical visual pathway underlying the three-dimensional (3-d) visual recognition of space and objects. the neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (lip) respond visually to the three-dimensional objects, whereas those in the anterior intraparietal area (aip) respond to hand movements to grasp them. lip receives visual inputs from v3a, whereas aip projects to the premotor areas; however, it is not known whether the neurons in lip project ... | 2001 | 11588190 |
| responses to task-irrelevant visual features by primate prefrontal neurons. | the primate brain is equipped with prefrontal circuits for interpreting visual information, but how these circuits deal with competing stimulus-response (s-r) associations remains unknown. here we show different types of responses to task-irrelevant visual features in three functionally dissociated groups of primate prefrontal neurons. two japanese macaques participated in a go/no-go task in which they had to discriminate either the color or the motion direction of a visual target to make a corr ... | 2001 | 11600657 |
| retreatment effect of npe6 photodynamic therapy on the normal primate macula. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated photodynamic therapy (pdt) with mono-l-aspartyl chlorin e6 (npe6) on normal primate fovea and choroid. | 2001 | 11642379 |
| perseverative errors in object discrimination learning by aged japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). | to examine the nature of age-dependent cognitive decline, performance in terms of concurrent object discriminations was assessed in aged and nonaged japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). aged monkeys required more sessions and committed more errors than nonaged ones in the discriminations, even in simple object discriminations. analyses of errors suggest that aged monkeys repeated the same errors and committed more errors when they chose a negative object at the 1st trial. a hypothesis analysis of ... | 2001 | 11676085 |
| perseverative errors in object discrimination learning by aged japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). | to examine the nature of age-dependent cognitive decline, performance in terms of concurrent object discriminations was assessed in aged and nonaged japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). aged monkeys required more sessions and committed more errors than nonaged ones in the discriminations, even in simple object discriminations. analyses of errors suggest that aged monkeys repeated the same errors and committed more errors when they chose a negative object at the 1st trial. a hypothesis analysis of ... | 2001 | 11676085 |
| changes in bdnf-immunoreactive structures in the hippocampal formation of the aged macaque monkey. | we investigated the changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf)-immunoreactive structures in the hippocampal formation of aged macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata). at adult stages (10 and 12 years), bdnf immunoreactivity occurred in the neurons of the dentate gyrus, the pyramidal neurons in the ca1, ca2, ca3 subfields and the subiculum, and the neurons in the ca4 subfield and the entorhinal cortex. the apical dendrites were also bdnf immunopositive. in aged monkeys (26, 30 and 32 years), t ... | 2001 | 11684059 |
| bipedal locomotion by the normally quadrupedal japanese monkey, m. fuscata: strategies for obstacle clearance and recovery from stumbling. | this study explored how the normally quadrupedal japanese monkey adjusts to treadmill perturbations, when trained to walk bipedally. the monkey was required to use the left hindlimb to clear an obstacle that was fixed on the left side of a treadmill belt. the monkey either cleared the obstacle (cl: cleared locomotion), or stumbled over it (sl: stumbled locomotion). for cl, it changed its left hind limb's kinematics according to the obstacle's height and position relative to the left foot. in sl, ... | 2001 | 11695527 |
| accumulation of calcium in the arteries of japanese monkey. | to examine whether the calcium accumulation in the arteries is related to the way of walk or not, the calcium contents were determined in various arteries of japanese monkeys of quadrupedal walk by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. japanese monkeys consisted of five males and four females, ranging in age from 2 to 29 yr. age-related changes of the calcium content were examined in various monkey arteries. significant relationships between age and calcium content were found ... | 2001 | 11697780 |
| accumulation of calcium in the arteries of japanese monkey. | to examine whether the calcium accumulation in the arteries is related to the way of walk or not, the calcium contents were determined in various arteries of japanese monkeys of quadrupedal walk by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. japanese monkeys consisted of five males and four females, ranging in age from 2 to 29 yr. age-related changes of the calcium content were examined in various monkey arteries. significant relationships between age and calcium content were found ... | 2001 | 11697780 |
| macaque thresholds for detecting increases in intensity: effects of formant structure. | macaque monkeys, like humans, are more sensitive to differences in formant frequency than to differences in the frequency of pure tones (see sinnott et al. (1987) j. comp. psychol. 94, 401-415; pfingst (1993) j. acoust. soc. am. 93, 2124-2129; prosen et al. (1990) j. acoust. soc. am. 88, 2152-2158; sinnott et al. (1985) j. acoust. soc. am. 78, 1977-1985; sinnott and kreiter (1991) j. acoust. soc. am. 89, 2421-2429; for summary, see may et al. (1996) aud. neurosci. 3, 135-162). in the discriminat ... | 2001 | 11707349 |
| auditory stream segregation in japanese monkeys. | japanese monkeys were examined to determine whether they perceptually segregate tone sequences. monkeys were required to discriminate two sequences of tones (target sequences) differing in frequency contours. distractor sequences were presented simultaneously with the target sequences. monkeys could discriminate the sequences when the frequency ranges of the target and distractor sequences did not overlap, but they could not when the ranges overlapped. subsequent probe tests confirmed that the d ... | 2002 | 11747868 |
| auditory stream segregation in japanese monkeys. | japanese monkeys were examined to determine whether they perceptually segregate tone sequences. monkeys were required to discriminate two sequences of tones (target sequences) differing in frequency contours. distractor sequences were presented simultaneously with the target sequences. monkeys could discriminate the sequences when the frequency ranges of the target and distractor sequences did not overlap, but they could not when the ranges overlapped. subsequent probe tests confirmed that the d ... | 2002 | 11747868 |
| distribution and expression of transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor in the normal and glaucomatous monkey optic nerve heads. | remodeling of the extracellular matrix occurs in the lamina cribrosa in progressed glaucomatous optic nerve damage including disc cupping. we examined immunohistochemical changes in the transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta and platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) in the optic nerve head in an experimentally induced glaucoma model. | 2001 | 11754900 |
| angioscopic evaluation of the effect of estrogen on ovariectomized japanese monkeys. | using angioscopy to study the atheroprotective effect of estrogen, atherosclerotic changes in surgically postmenopausal japanese monkeys were observed for a long period. changes in serum lipids and estradiol were also followed. about 3-6 months after the 2% cholesterol diet, serum cholesterol increased up to three times normal value, and atheroma was first found at the orifice of major branches of the abdominal aorta. however, in the other group of 2% cholesterol including an oral estrogen diet, ... | 2001 | 11795307 |
| angioscopic evaluation of the effect of estrogen on ovariectomized japanese monkeys. | using angioscopy to study the atheroprotective effect of estrogen, atherosclerotic changes in surgically postmenopausal japanese monkeys were observed for a long period. changes in serum lipids and estradiol were also followed. about 3-6 months after the 2% cholesterol diet, serum cholesterol increased up to three times normal value, and atheroma was first found at the orifice of major branches of the abdominal aorta. however, in the other group of 2% cholesterol including an oral estrogen diet, ... | 2001 | 11795307 |
| position reversal learning in aged japanese macaques. | we examined aged and young monkeys using a multiple position reversal task to investigate declines in cognitive functions with aging. the task consisted of an original learning task (simple position discrimination task) and a reversal learning task. while the performance of the aged monkeys was not different from that of the young monkeys in the original learning task, the aged monkeys showed a poorer performance than the young monkeys in the reversal learning task. according to our response ana ... | 2002 | 11809501 |
| simultaneous accumulation of magnesium with calcium and phosphorus in aorta and iliac arteries of thai. | to elucidate compositional changes of arteries with aging, the authors previously investigated age-related changes of mineral contents in the various arteries of japanese and japanese monkey. to examine whether there were differences between races in regard to age-related changes of mineral contents and the relationships among element contents in the arteries, the authors investigated the arteries of thai. the subjects consisted of 13 men and 3 women, ranging in age from 39 to 84 yr. after the o ... | 2001 | 11817689 |
| accumulation of magnesium as well as calcium and phosphorus in japanese monkey arteries with aging. | to examine whether an accumulation of elements in the arteries with aging differs between human and animal, the authors investigated the relationships among element contents in the arteries of the japanese monkeys. the japanese monkeys consisted of five males and four females, ranging in age from 2 to 29 yr. the aorta, common and external iliac, femoral, common carotid, subclavian, and axillary arteries were resected from the monkeys and element contents were determined by inductively coupled pl ... | 2001 | 11817698 |
| accumulation of magnesium as well as calcium and phosphorus in japanese monkey arteries with aging. | to examine whether an accumulation of elements in the arteries with aging differs between human and animal, the authors investigated the relationships among element contents in the arteries of the japanese monkeys. the japanese monkeys consisted of five males and four females, ranging in age from 2 to 29 yr. the aorta, common and external iliac, femoral, common carotid, subclavian, and axillary arteries were resected from the monkeys and element contents were determined by inductively coupled pl ... | 2001 | 11817698 |
| monkey hepatic microsomal alcohol oxygenase: purification and characterization of a cytochrome p450 enzyme catalyzing the stereoselective oxidation of 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol to 7-oxo-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol. | the formation of 7-oxo-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol (7-oxo-delta8-thc) from 7alpha- or 7beta-hydroxy-delta8-thc (7alpha- or 7beta-oh-delta8-thc) was found in hepatic microsomes of monkeys. the activity in 7beta-oh-delta8-thc was stereoselectively 2.5- to 4.6-fold higher than that from 7alpha-oh-delta8-thc. the oxidative activities of 7alpha- and 7beta-oh-delta8-thc to 7-oxo-delta8-thc were inhibited to 35% and 10%, respectively, of the control value by the antibody against p450gpf-b (cyp3a), a ma ... | 2002 | 11824554 |
| monkey hepatic microsomal alcohol oxygenase: purification and characterization of a cytochrome p450 enzyme catalyzing the stereoselective oxidation of 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxy-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol to 7-oxo-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol. | the formation of 7-oxo-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol (7-oxo-delta8-thc) from 7alpha- or 7beta-hydroxy-delta8-thc (7alpha- or 7beta-oh-delta8-thc) was found in hepatic microsomes of monkeys. the activity in 7beta-oh-delta8-thc was stereoselectively 2.5- to 4.6-fold higher than that from 7alpha-oh-delta8-thc. the oxidative activities of 7alpha- and 7beta-oh-delta8-thc to 7-oxo-delta8-thc were inhibited to 35% and 10%, respectively, of the control value by the antibody against p450gpf-b (cyp3a), a ma ... | 2002 | 11824554 |
| the nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid gene in primates (suborder anthropoidea). | nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid (pth) gene of 12 species of primates belonging to suborder anthropoidea were examined. the pth gene contains one intron that separates two exons that code the sequence of prepro and pth, respectively. the intron of the pth gene in cebus apella, callithrix jacchus, and saguinus oedipus was 102 bp long, whereas a 103-bp intron was observed in the remaining species. phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of pth revealed that these 12 species of ... | 2002 | 11825036 |
| neurons associated with behavioral context errors in the primary and higher-order gustatory cortices in the monkey. | cue responses of neurons in the taste-related cortex of japanese macaque monkeys were studied during a nacl-water discrimination go-nogo task, to compare the correct and incorrect responses. most neurons produced a steady pattern of discharges in response to a given cue at both correct and incorrect responses, presumably responding to the physicochemical nature of the cue. some neurons showed the discharge pattern for a certain cue changing to that for another cue at task error, presumably repre ... | 2002 | 11825685 |
| developmental changes in the fine structure and histochemical properties of mucous cells in the parotid gland of the infant japanese macaque. | mucous cells have been known to occur in the terminal portions of the parotid gland in a few species of mammals during a limited period of their development. the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence and features of mucous cells in the parotid gland of the infant japanese macaque. light microscopy revealed that mucous cells in the macaque parotid gland were present in the terminal clusters and acini at postnatal day 15, were less prevalent at day 30, and continued to decrease in number ... | 2001 | 11838714 |
| effects on the optokinetic system of midline lesions in the pretectum of monkeys. | the nucleus of the optic tract (not), an important visuo-motor relay between the retina and preoculomotor structures, is responsible for mediating horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (okn) in monkeys, cats, rabbits and rats. in addition to its projection to the vestibular nuclei, the not has a prominent projection to the contralateral not via the posterior commissure. in order to evaluate the role of the commissural fibers between the nots in okn, we cut the posterior commissure in three macaca fus ... | 2001 | 11847451 |
| neurogenic cerebral vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide. | in cerebral arteries isolated from most of mammals, nerve stimulation produces relaxations in contrast to contractions in peripheral arteries. the relaxant mechanism is found to be non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic, but the neurotransmitter is not clarified until recently. based on several functional and histological studies with isolated cerebral arteries, nitric oxide (no) is now considered to be a neurotransmitter of the vasodilator nerve and the nerve has been called a nitroxidergic (nitrer ... | 2002 | 11855675 |
| neurogenic cerebral vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide. | in cerebral arteries isolated from most of mammals, nerve stimulation produces relaxations in contrast to contractions in peripheral arteries. the relaxant mechanism is found to be non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic, but the neurotransmitter is not clarified until recently. based on several functional and histological studies with isolated cerebral arteries, nitric oxide (no) is now considered to be a neurotransmitter of the vasodilator nerve and the nerve has been called a nitroxidergic (nitrer ... | 2002 | 11855675 |
| anti-gal alpha 1-3gal igm and igg antibody levels in sera of humans and old world non-human primates. | organs transplanted from pig to primate are rejected within minutes or hours by an antibody-dependent, complement-mediated mechanism [hyperacute rejection (har)]. even after depletion of anti-gal alpha 1-3gal (gal) antibody (ab), for example by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, return of natural ab is believed to be a major factor in the initiation of acute humoral xenograft rejection. various non-human primates are used as recipients of pig organs in experimental discordant xenotransplantation ( ... | 2002 | 11897007 |
| anti-gal alpha 1-3gal igm and igg antibody levels in sera of humans and old world non-human primates. | organs transplanted from pig to primate are rejected within minutes or hours by an antibody-dependent, complement-mediated mechanism [hyperacute rejection (har)]. even after depletion of anti-gal alpha 1-3gal (gal) antibody (ab), for example by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, return of natural ab is believed to be a major factor in the initiation of acute humoral xenograft rejection. various non-human primates are used as recipients of pig organs in experimental discordant xenotransplantation ( ... | 2002 | 11897007 |
| connections between the amygdala and auditory cortical areas in the macaque monkey. | connections between the amygdala and auditory cortical areas tc, and the rostral, intermediate and caudal regions of area ta (tar, tai and tac, respectively) in the macaque monkey (macaca fuscata and macaca nemestrina) were investigated following placements of cortical deposits of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp). areas tc and tac received weak projections and these derived only from the lateral basal nucleus. areas tai and tar received projections from the later ... | 2002 | 11900831 |
| purkinje cells of the cerebellar dorsal vermis: simple-spike activity during pursuit and passive whole-body rotation. | to track a slowly moving object during whole body rotation, smooth-pursuit and vestibularly induced eye movements must interact to maintain the accuracy of eye movements in space (i.e., gaze), and gaze movement signals must eventually be converted into eye movement signals in the orbit. to understand the role played by the cerebellar vermis in pursuit-vestibular interactions, in particular whether the output of the vermis codes gaze-velocity or eye-velocity, we examined simple-spike activity of ... | 2002 | 11929905 |
| purkinje cells of the cerebellar dorsal vermis: simple-spike activity during pursuit and passive whole-body rotation. | to track a slowly moving object during whole body rotation, smooth-pursuit and vestibularly induced eye movements must interact to maintain the accuracy of eye movements in space (i.e., gaze), and gaze movement signals must eventually be converted into eye movement signals in the orbit. to understand the role played by the cerebellar vermis in pursuit-vestibular interactions, in particular whether the output of the vermis codes gaze-velocity or eye-velocity, we examined simple-spike activity of ... | 2002 | 11929905 |
| [japanese monkey model of helicobacter pylori]. | | 2002 | 11979880 |
| pet imaging of ischemic neuronal death in the hippocampus of living monkeys. | the aim of the present study was to visualize postischemic hippocampal neuronal death in the living monkey brain, using a high-resolution positron emission tomography (pet) and novel radioligands. in preceding papers, we reported on postischemic hippocampal neuronal death in a model of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) undergoing a 20-min complete whole-brain ischemia. using the same model here, we investigated the in vivo bindings of two radiotracers, [11c]ro15-4513 (a type ii benzodiazepine re ... | 2002 | 12000112 |
| pet imaging of ischemic neuronal death in the hippocampus of living monkeys. | the aim of the present study was to visualize postischemic hippocampal neuronal death in the living monkey brain, using a high-resolution positron emission tomography (pet) and novel radioligands. in preceding papers, we reported on postischemic hippocampal neuronal death in a model of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) undergoing a 20-min complete whole-brain ischemia. using the same model here, we investigated the in vivo bindings of two radiotracers, [11c]ro15-4513 (a type ii benzodiazepine re ... | 2002 | 12000112 |
| comparison of the responses to thrombin in monkey renal and uterine arteries. | thrombin is known to regulate vascular tone. we analyzed and compared mechanisms of thrombin action in primate renal and uterine arteries. | 2002 | 12009388 |
| long-term helicobacter pylori infection in japanese monkeys induces atrophic gastritis and accumulation of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. | helicobacter pylori is accepted as a definite human gastric carcinogen from an epidemiological point of view despite insufficient experimental data. although we previously showed that the number of p53 immunopositive cells in the atrophic gastric mucosa of h. pylori-infected japanese monkeys gradually increased over time, data on p53 gene mutations were not obtained in that study. to obtain direct evidence of carcinogenesis associated with h. pylori infection, we investigated whether p53 gene mu ... | 2002 | 12047319 |
| long-term helicobacter pylori infection in japanese monkeys induces atrophic gastritis and accumulation of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. | helicobacter pylori is accepted as a definite human gastric carcinogen from an epidemiological point of view despite insufficient experimental data. although we previously showed that the number of p53 immunopositive cells in the atrophic gastric mucosa of h. pylori-infected japanese monkeys gradually increased over time, data on p53 gene mutations were not obtained in that study. to obtain direct evidence of carcinogenesis associated with h. pylori infection, we investigated whether p53 gene mu ... | 2002 | 12047319 |
| composition of myofiber types in the vocalis muscles involved in rapid closure of the glottis in japanese macaques. | myofiber types of the medial thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle, lateral thyroarytenoid muscle, and cricothyroid muscle of the japanese macaque were examined with enzyme-histochemical methods. for comparison, the semitendinosus muscle of the japanese macaque and the thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle of cattle, sheep, and pig were examined with the same methods. the vocalis muscle of the japanese macaque was composed exclusively of fast-twitch/oxidative/glycolytic (fog) myofibers; it differed from the ... | 2002 | 12050890 |
| the effects of substratum inclination on locomotor patterns in primates. | to explore the change from the horizontal quadrupedal walking to the vertical climbing in primates, i designed an experiment on an inclined substratum. the subjects were an adult male japanese macaque and a 2-year-old female white-handed gibbon. the animals moved on a substratum made of bamboo pipe (8 cm diameter). the inclination of the substratum was changed from 15 degrees to 65 degrees in 5-degree increments for the japanese macaque and from 20 degrees to 70 degrees with 10-degree increments ... | 2002 | 12050892 |
| composition of psoas major muscle fibers compared among humans, orangutans, and monkeys. | in primate species the m. psoas major, the only muscle simultaneously controlling the spinal column and lower extremity, is expected to reflect morpho-functional adaptation to diversified locomotor behavior. by using histochemical analysis with sudan black b staining, composition of different types of muscle fibers in the psoas major was compared between 2 japanese macaques, 2 hamadryas baboons, 2 anubis baboons, 2 orangutans, and 17 humans. the comparison has revealed unique features of this mu ... | 2002 | 12050900 |
| effects of fixation and preservation conditions on immunohistochemical profiles of the skeletal muscle fibers in japanese macaques. | effects of fixation and preservation conditions of muscle tissues on immunohistochemical profiles are investigated. samples of the hind limb and epaxial muscles were removed from 4 adult female japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) fixated with 10% formalin and preserved in the same solution under different conditions for 6 months to 4 years and 6 months. sections were stained with indirect immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin peroxidase complex methods using an antibody against fast myosin (mouse ... | 2002 | 12050901 |
| efficacy of a b virus gd dna vaccine for induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in japanese macaques. | it is desirable to prevent dissemination of b virus (bv) in macaque colonies because transmission of bv to humans causes deadly encephalomyelitis. vaccination of monkeys is one method that could confine spread of bv within macaque colonies. availability of a bv dna vaccine for use in macaques would eliminate the risk of working with infectious bv. toward this end, we constructed a plasmid expressing the bv glycoprotein d (gd). immunogenicity of this construct as a dna vaccine was assessed in adu ... | 2002 | 12057608 |
| tool-use learning selectively induces expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, its receptor trkb, and neurotrophin 3 in the intraparietal multisensorycortex of monkeys. | when humans repeatedly use a tool, our body image alters until the tool finally becomes a part or an extension of the body. this alteration of body image perhaps results from re-integration of somatosensory and visual signals. we trained japanese monkeys to use a rake-shaped tool to retrieve a distant food pellet, then used a novel tissue-sampling method to suction brain tissue from the anterior bank of their intraparietal sulcus, where somatosensory and visual signals converge. examination of t ... | 2002 | 12063125 |
| tool-use learning selectively induces expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, its receptor trkb, and neurotrophin 3 in the intraparietal multisensorycortex of monkeys. | when humans repeatedly use a tool, our body image alters until the tool finally becomes a part or an extension of the body. this alteration of body image perhaps results from re-integration of somatosensory and visual signals. we trained japanese monkeys to use a rake-shaped tool to retrieve a distant food pellet, then used a novel tissue-sampling method to suction brain tissue from the anterior bank of their intraparietal sulcus, where somatosensory and visual signals converge. examination of t ... | 2002 | 12063125 |
| predictive responses of periarcuate pursuit neurons to visual target motion. | the smooth pursuit eye movement system uses retinal information about the image-slip-velocity of the target in order to match the eye-velocity-in-space (i.e., gaze-velocity) to the actual target velocity. to maintain the target image on the fovea during smooth gaze tracking, and to compensate for the long delays involved in processing visual motion information and/or eye velocity commands, the pursuit system must use prediction. we have shown recently that both retinal image-slip-velocity and ga ... | 2002 | 12070750 |
| changes of dominance rank, age, and tenure of wild japanese macaque males in the kinkazan a troop during seven years. | male age-rank and tenure-rank relationships were studied for seven years in unprovisioned japanese macaque (macaca fuscata fuscata) troop on kinkazan island, japan. males whose estimated ages were between 15 and 19 yr old monopolized the highest ranks, while older males whose estimated ages were > or = 20 yr old tended to decline in rank, resulting in a humped age-rank curve. the ranks of males tended to rise as their tenure in the troop increased. the departure of higher-ranking males was the s ... | 2002 | 12082302 |
| grooming site preferences determined by lice infection among japanese macaques in arashiyama. | i investigated the effect of the density of louse eggs (pedicinus obtusus and p. eurygaster) on grooming site preferences in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). louse eggs were more often found on the outer side of the body (upper back, lower back, outer arms, and outer legs) than on the inner side of the body (chest, belly, inner arms, and inner legs). japanese macaques were more likely to be groomed on the outer side than the inner side of the body by allogrooming and autogrooming. such groomi ... | 2002 | 12091746 |
| the calming effect of stimuli presentation on infant japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) under stress situation: a preliminary study. | in human newborns, presentation of sounds and odors under stress situations had a calming effect on behavioral and cortisol responses (kawakami et al., 1996, 1997). these calming effects were examined with 10-day- and 15-day-old japanese macaques. in study 1, white noise presentation (experimental conditions) at the blood sampling was compared with no sound presentation (control conditions) at the blood sampling. white noise presentation has a calming effect on coded behavioral responses. in stu ... | 2002 | 12091749 |
| somatic mutations in the p53 gene account for the extension of replicative life span of macaque cells. | to identify the underlying molecular bases that enable macaque cells to extend their replicative life span (rls), somatic mutations in p53 were studied in two japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) and one long-tailed macaque (macaca fascicularis) cell strains with extended rls. nucleotide sequences of the p53 whole coding region of each species were determined in early passaged cells and somatic mutations were studied in cells with extended rls. different type of genomic alteration which may disrupt ... | 2002 | 12099687 |
| integration of the upper and lower lips in the postcentral area 2 of conscious macaque monkeys (macaca fuscata). | the representation of the lip in area 2 of the postcentral somatosensory cortex was studied in conscious macaque monkeys by recording single-neurone activities. seventy penetrations were made in the oral region of six hemispheres of four animals and 1157 neurones were isolated. the receptive field characteristics of 839 neurones were identified. among them, 363 neurones along 47 penetrations responded to mechanical lip stimulation (lip neurones). a substantial number of lip neurones (17%, 62/363 ... | 2002 | 12102761 |
| high-resolution light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of colocalized gaba and calbindin d-28k in somata and double bouquet cell axons of monkey somatosensory cortex. | a simple method for high-resolution immunocytochemical colocalization of different antigens in semithin sections 1 - 3 microm thick was used to study the colocalization of the calcium binding protein calbindin d-28k (calbindin) with gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in double bouquet cells of monkey (macaca fuscata) somatosensory cortex. double bouquet cells were first visualized in vibratome sections by pre-embedding immunocytochemical staining for calbindin. sections containing calbindin-immunore ... | 1992 | 12106441 |
| analysis of p53 mutations and helicobacter pylori infection in human and animal models. | p53 gene mutations are believed to play a critical role in the development of gastric carcinoma. we examined the relation between helicobacter pylori infection and p53 gene mutations of the gastric mucosa in human and animal models. | 2002 | 12109656 |
| analysis of p53 mutations and helicobacter pylori infection in human and animal models. | p53 gene mutations are believed to play a critical role in the development of gastric carcinoma. we examined the relation between helicobacter pylori infection and p53 gene mutations of the gastric mucosa in human and animal models. | 2002 | 12109656 |
| female reproductive parameters and fruit availability: factors determining onset of estrus in japanese macaques. | this study examined the onset of estrus, nutritional conditions during the mating season, and female reproductive parameters in a troop of unprovisioned japanese macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata). the mean interbirth interval (ibi) was 25.1 mo, suggesting a 2-yr birth cycle. the mean ibi following the death of an infant before the mating season was only 19.8 mo, whereas the mean ibi was 27.8 mo when the infant survived. estrus occurred during the time of the greatest food quality, in the autumn ... | 2002 | 12111680 |
| concentrations of cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, and metallothionein in liver and kidney of nonhuman primates. | to evaluate the species specificity of cd accumulation and the relationship of cd with other essential metals and metallothionein (mt), the concentrations of cd, zn, cu, and fe in the liver and kidney and the mt concentrations in the soluble fractions of the liver and kidney were determined in cd-uncontaminated nonhuman primates (11 species, 26 individuals) kept in a zoo and two wild-caught japanese macaques. the compositions of metal-binding proteins in the soluble fractions were also investiga ... | 2002 | 12117236 |
| the extent of odontoblast processes in the dentin is distinct between cusp and cervical regions during development and aging. | the question of whether odontoblast processes extend to the dentinal surface has been widely debated in previous studies. in this study odontoblast processes were investigated in the developing and aging dentin of rats and monkeys (japanese macaques). for this purpose, f-actin of microfilaments and cellular membranes were stained with phalloidin and dii, respectively. this dual staining demonstrated that positive signals for odontoblast processes were present in the dentinal surface in both the ... | 2002 | 12164341 |
| osteoinduction by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in muscles of non-human primates. | heterotopic osteoinduction in a muscle of a medium-sized, non-human primate (japanese macaque monkey; macaca fuscata) was investigated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) mixed with atelopeptide type i collagen as the carrier. nine monkeys were divided into three groups of three: groups i (1.25 mg rhbmp-2), ii (250 micrograms rhbmp-2) and iii (50 micrograms rhbmp-2). four weeks after implanting into the calf muscle pouch, the implant was examined radiographically and hi ... | 2002 | 12166341 |
| secretion of inhibin a and inhibin b during pregnancy and early postpartum period in japanese monkeys. | in order to determine the profiles and sources of inhibin a and inhibin b during pregnancy in japanese monkeys, serum samples were collected from eight monkeys for measuring concentrations of both inhibins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the term placenta was used for the localization of inhibin alpha-, betaa-, and betab-subunits by immunohistochemistry. serum concentrations of inhibin a showed a significant rise at the second quarter and maintained its level until term. serum concentratio ... | 2002 | 12166620 |
| secretion of inhibin a and inhibin b during pregnancy and early postpartum period in japanese monkeys. | in order to determine the profiles and sources of inhibin a and inhibin b during pregnancy in japanese monkeys, serum samples were collected from eight monkeys for measuring concentrations of both inhibins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the term placenta was used for the localization of inhibin alpha-, betaa-, and betab-subunits by immunohistochemistry. serum concentrations of inhibin a showed a significant rise at the second quarter and maintained its level until term. serum concentratio ... | 2002 | 12166620 |
| detection thresholds for intensity increments in a single harmonic of synthetic japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) monkey coo calls. | there is evidence that japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) are extremely sensitive to dynamic changes in the relative amplitudes of coo call harmonics during discrimination tests. to verify this evidence using more controlled stimulus configurations, the authors examined threshold sensitivity of macaque monkeys to amplitude increments added to the standard level of coo call harmonics. psychophysical threshold determination methods paralleled those used previously to determine macaque sensitivity ... | 2002 | 12234075 |
| complementary dna cloning and characterization of cytochrome p450 2d29 from japanese monkey liver. | a cdna was cloned from japanese monkey liver mrna by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using oligonucleotide primers based on the marmoset cytochrome p450 2d19 (cyp2d19) nucleotide sequence. the full-length cdna encoded a 497 amino acid protein (designated cyp2d29) that is 96, 91, and 88% homologous to human cyp2d6, cynomolgus monkey cyp2d17, and marmoset monkey cyp2d19, respectively. yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae ah-22 strain) transfected with pgyr1 vectors contai ... | 2002 | 12234613 |
| complementary dna cloning and characterization of cytochrome p450 2d29 from japanese monkey liver. | a cdna was cloned from japanese monkey liver mrna by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using oligonucleotide primers based on the marmoset cytochrome p450 2d19 (cyp2d19) nucleotide sequence. the full-length cdna encoded a 497 amino acid protein (designated cyp2d29) that is 96, 91, and 88% homologous to human cyp2d6, cynomolgus monkey cyp2d17, and marmoset monkey cyp2d19, respectively. yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae ah-22 strain) transfected with pgyr1 vectors contai ... | 2002 | 12234613 |
| organization of corticostriatal motor inputs in monkey putamen. | to analyze the organization of corticostriatal motor inputs, we examined the neuronal responses in the putamen (put) to stimulation in the primary motor cortex (mi) and the supplementary motor area (sma). stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted in the distal and proximal parts of the forelimb representation of the mi and in the forelimb representation of the sma in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). stimulation in the mi and sma evoked orthodromic spike discharges in both phasically ac ... | 2002 | 12364509 |
| organization of corticostriatal motor inputs in monkey putamen. | to analyze the organization of corticostriatal motor inputs, we examined the neuronal responses in the putamen (put) to stimulation in the primary motor cortex (mi) and the supplementary motor area (sma). stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted in the distal and proximal parts of the forelimb representation of the mi and in the forelimb representation of the sma in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). stimulation in the mi and sma evoked orthodromic spike discharges in both phasically ac ... | 2002 | 12364509 |
| effect of enucleation on the expression of c-fos protein in the supraoptic nucleus of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). | the aim of this study was to examine the effects of one eye enucleation on the expression of c-fos protein in the hypothalamus of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). compared with an intact monkey, significantly increased numbers of c-fos positive neurons were observed in the supraoptic nuclei on both sides at 1 h after eye enucleation. this maximal c-fos expression then started to decrease at 3 h after eye enucleation. furthermore, by a dual-labeled immunocytochemical study, the c-fos immunor ... | 2002 | 12376196 |
| an improved method with a long-shanked glass micropipette and ultrasonography for drug injection into deep brain structure of the monkey. | we describe an improved method to inject drug into deep brain structure of the macaque monkey. a teflon-coated tungsten wire for extracellular recording was passed through a long-shanked (4-5 cm) glass micropipette, which was then attached to a microsyringe with dental impression material. the surface of the micropippete was coated with teflon to reduce acoustic artifact in ultrasound imaging. thereby, it was possible to identify the micropipette in the brain with b-mode ultrasonography. extrace ... | 2002 | 12379433 |
| structure, molecular evolution, and gene expression of primate superoxide dismutases. | mn- and cu,zn-superoxide dismutase (sod) cdnas of eight primate species, pan troglodytes, pongo pygmaeus, hylobates lar, macaca fuscata, macaca fascicularis, macaca mulatta, cebus apella, and callithrix jacchus, were cloned. the whole protein-coding sequences were covered, comparing 198 and 153 (or 154) amino acids, for mn- and cu,zn-sods, respectively. residues forming metal ligands were completely conserved in the two primate sods and nucleotide/amino acid substitutions were more frequent in c ... | 2002 | 12383507 |
| circadian rhythm in circulating cd16-positive natural killer (nk) cells in macaque monkeys, implication of plasma cortisol levels. | the daily change in both percentage and absolute number of circulating major lymphocyte subset was determined with young japanese monkeys and rhesus monkeys. the blood sample was collected at four hour-intervals beginning at 16:00 for 24 hours under the condition of applying tethering system by which blood samples could be collected without restraint. during the dark period (from 20:00 to 08:00), the number of peripheral lymphocytes increased and that of granulocytes decreased, resulting in no s ... | 2002 | 12426466 |
| circadian rhythm in circulating cd16-positive natural killer (nk) cells in macaque monkeys, implication of plasma cortisol levels. | the daily change in both percentage and absolute number of circulating major lymphocyte subset was determined with young japanese monkeys and rhesus monkeys. the blood sample was collected at four hour-intervals beginning at 16:00 for 24 hours under the condition of applying tethering system by which blood samples could be collected without restraint. during the dark period (from 20:00 to 08:00), the number of peripheral lymphocytes increased and that of granulocytes decreased, resulting in no s ... | 2002 | 12426466 |
| effects of maternal style on infant behavior in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | we assessed the association of maternal style and infant behavior of group-living japanese macaques during the first year of infant development. we tested the hypothesis that different mothering styles were correlated with the behavioral repertoire of infants at three different developmental stages. we expected that infants of rejecting mothers would show a higher level of enterprise and that infants of protective mothers would be less interested in the external environment. we found evidence th ... | 2002 | 12430160 |
| functional implications of enamel thickness in the lower molars of red colobus (procolobus badius) and japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). | the purpose of this study is to determine whether teeth are likely to retain their functional efficiency throughout an individual's life time. this was done by comparing the enamel volume, the cross-sectional enamel area and the pattern of enamel distribution on unworn m(2)s of folivorous (procolobus badius: red colobus; n=8) and frugivorous (macaca fuscata: japanese macaque; n=6) cercopithecids. the enamel volume of m. fuscata is significantly greater than that of p. badius. as the lower molars ... | 2002 | 12457851 |
| morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the japanese macaque and savanna monkey. | the dorsal lingual surfaces of infant japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) and adult savanna monkey (cercopithecus aethiopus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. filiform, fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae were found. the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. the fungiform papillae were round in shape, and more densely distributed on the lingual apex. the foliate papillae were seen on the dorsolateral aspect of the tongue. the three vallat ... | 2002 | 12484427 |
| macaque prefrontal activity associated with extensive tool use. | macaques can utilize tools sequentially on a single object or they can modify functions effectively in a relevant context. two japanese macaques were scanned by positron emission tomography with h(2)15o during a tool combination task and two control tasks (single tool task and simple stick-waving task). in the tool combination task, monkeys were required to use two identical tools properly in different functions. we found increased activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (area 9/46), bilater ... | 2002 | 12488825 |
| spontaneous establishment of a novel japanese macaque cell line with epithelial cell phenotypes. | a novel macaque cell line (j3k) with epithelial phenotypes was spontaneously established from a kidney specimen of a japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). its population doubling level reached more than 500, and it was regarded as an established permanent cell line. j3k cells have transformed cell phenotypes such as loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent cell growth. unlike other monkey adherent cell lines, j3k had no sv40 large t antigen. after establishment, cells have constantly ex ... | 2002 | 12513117 |
| effect of temporal separation on tone-sequence discrimination in monkeys. | perception of auditory spectral-temporal patterns was examined in two japanese monkeys. the stimuli used were pairs of pure tones of different frequencies that were presented sequentially. the monkeys were required to discriminate whether the frequency of the second tone was higher or lower than the first tone. the performances of the monkeys deteriorated when a temporal gap (i.e., silence) was inserted between the component tones. a comparison experiment did not show such effects in human parti ... | 2003 | 12527127 |
| effect of temporal separation on tone-sequence discrimination in monkeys. | perception of auditory spectral-temporal patterns was examined in two japanese monkeys. the stimuli used were pairs of pure tones of different frequencies that were presented sequentially. the monkeys were required to discriminate whether the frequency of the second tone was higher or lower than the first tone. the performances of the monkeys deteriorated when a temporal gap (i.e., silence) was inserted between the component tones. a comparison experiment did not show such effects in human parti ... | 2003 | 12527127 |
| helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma--from the view point of animal model. | many epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between chronic helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent development of gastric carcinoma in humans. to confirm this link more clearly, it is necessary to use this bacterium in experimental studies to develop gastric carcinoma in suitable experimental animals. persistent h. pylori infection has recently been achieved in the japanese monkeys and mongolian gerbil models, with results demonstrating that the sequential histopathologica ... | 2002 | 12528942 |
| helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma--from the view point of animal model. | many epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between chronic helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent development of gastric carcinoma in humans. to confirm this link more clearly, it is necessary to use this bacterium in experimental studies to develop gastric carcinoma in suitable experimental animals. persistent h. pylori infection has recently been achieved in the japanese monkeys and mongolian gerbil models, with results demonstrating that the sequential histopathologica ... | 2002 | 12528942 |
| microvasculature of the olfactory organ in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata fuscata). | olfaction is an important and primitive sense. as its importance has changed with evolution, anatomic adjustments have occurred in its structure and vasculature. primates are a family of vertebrates that have had to develop their visual system to adapt to the arboreal environment and have evolved from a macrosmatic to a microsmatic species as the optic system has enlarged. this has resulted in anatomic changes of a small but critical area at the base of the brain. this paper describes the three- ... | 2002 | 12533233 |
| detection of a unique genotype of monkey b virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) indigenous to native japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | the japanese macaque or snow monkey (macaca fuscata) is an autochthonous monkey in japan. it has long been assumed that the monkey population was not infected with cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (monkey b virus [bv]) since cases of human bv infection have never been reported in japan. although serologic testing of captive snow monkeys in japan revealed antibodies to bv, it was thought that native japanese macaques had either been infected with herpes simplex virus from humans or with bv from other ... | 2002 | 12540170 |
| positional behavior of free-ranging japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | positional behavior was quantitatively studied in identified free-ranging japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). five male and 11 female adults were observed in a forested mountain habitat. data were analyzed for proportion of bout distance, number and time of each locomotion and postural type. japanese macaques are semiterrestrial, and mainly walk and run quadrupedally. this supports the notion that macaca are generally quadrupeds. sex differences in positional behavior were found in the preferenc ... | 2003 | 12548331 |
| long distance mobility of male japanese macaques evidenced by mitochondrial dna. | a 487-nucleotide sequence in the polymorphic d-loop region of matrilineally inherited mitochondrial dna was compared in samples from 14 (9 adult males and 5 females or young) japanese macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata) of two troops at gagyusan in takahashi city, okayama prefecture, japan. the majority (7 out of the sampled 9) of the adult males associated with the troops had nucleotide sequences of six distinct types, all of which were different from that of the gagyusan troop females, whereas t ... | 2003 | 12548337 |
| molecular cloning, structure, and testis-specific expression of mfsj1, a member of the dnaj protein family, in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). | a strong signal of cdna product was identified in adult and senile testes of the japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) using differential display pcr analysis. its full-length cdna was molecular-cloned by rt-pcr using adult testis mrna as templates. the predicted open reading frame encoded a protein of 242 amino-acid residues. it contained j domain in the nh(2) terminal region and gly/phe-rich domain in the middle of protein, which are typical structural domains of the dnaj protein family. we named ... | 2003 | 12565881 |
| molecular cloning, structure, and testis-specific expression of mfsj1, a member of the dnaj protein family, in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). | a strong signal of cdna product was identified in adult and senile testes of the japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) using differential display pcr analysis. its full-length cdna was molecular-cloned by rt-pcr using adult testis mrna as templates. the predicted open reading frame encoded a protein of 242 amino-acid residues. it contained j domain in the nh(2) terminal region and gly/phe-rich domain in the middle of protein, which are typical structural domains of the dnaj protein family. we named ... | 2003 | 12565881 |
| peripartum cortisol levels and mother-infant interactions in japanese macaques. | as evidence accumulates regarding the influence of hormones and stress-related conditions on maternal behavior, it becomes critical to better understand the relationship between physiological stress and the ability to cope with infants. eight japanese macaque females were observed 3 hr per week during the first 12 weeks after parturition; fecal samples were collected twice a week from each mother, starting 4 weeks before parturition and ending 4 weeks after parturition. time spent in contact, ma ... | 2003 | 12567380 |
| analysis of sequential immunoglobulin e-binding epitope of japanese cedar pollen allergen (cry j 2) in humans, monkeys and mice. | japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica; cj) pollinosis has been reported to occur naturally in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) as well as in humans. most human patients and monkeys with pollinosis have specific ige for cry j 2, a major allergen of cj pollen. | 2003 | 12580914 |
| analysis of sequential immunoglobulin e-binding epitope of japanese cedar pollen allergen (cry j 2) in humans, monkeys and mice. | japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica; cj) pollinosis has been reported to occur naturally in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) as well as in humans. most human patients and monkeys with pollinosis have specific ige for cry j 2, a major allergen of cj pollen. | 2003 | 12580914 |
| blockade of menstrual cycle by thyroidectomy in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata). | to examine the role of thyroid hormones in the seasonal breeding cycle in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata), sexually mature females were thyroidectomized (n = 6) in early december, during the midbreeding season, or they received sham operations (n = 4). they were housed indoors individually, and blood samples were collected two to three times a week to monitor gonadotropin and gonadal steroid hormone secretions. control monkeys exhibited ovulatory cycles during the breeding season. the ... | 2002 | 12588042 |
| blockade of menstrual cycle by thyroidectomy in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata). | to examine the role of thyroid hormones in the seasonal breeding cycle in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata), sexually mature females were thyroidectomized (n = 6) in early december, during the midbreeding season, or they received sham operations (n = 4). they were housed indoors individually, and blood samples were collected two to three times a week to monitor gonadotropin and gonadal steroid hormone secretions. control monkeys exhibited ovulatory cycles during the breeding season. the ... | 2002 | 12588042 |
| effects of diurnal bright/dim light intensity on circadian core temperature and activity rhythms in the japanese macaque. | circadian rhythms of core temperature and activity were studied using three japanese macaques under influences of two different light intensities during the daytime. nocturnal core temperature and activity onset time were lower and advanced, respectively, in bright as compared to dim light. these results suggest the possibility that diurnal bright light could influence the circadian organization. | 2002 | 12617763 |
| detection by pcr and isolation assays of the anaerobic intestinal spirochete brachyspira aalborgi from the feces of captive nonhuman primates. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the anaerobic intestinal spirochetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in the feces of captive nonhuman primates (n = 35) from 19 species housed at the zoological gardens, perth, western australia. both spirochete species are known to infect human beings. dna was extracted from freshly collected feces with a commercially available qiaamp dna stool minikit and subjected to pcr protocols amplifying portions of the 16s rrna ... | 2003 | 12624050 |
| in vitro aging of macaque adherent cells: similar pattern of cellular aging between human and macaque. | to explore new models for human cellular aging as well as to evaluate aging of the macaques, profiles of cellular aging in macaques were studied. adherent cells were obtained from five japanese macaques (macaca fuscata), 14 long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis), two bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) and a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). a total of 35 cultures were performed and cell morphology, doubling time, telomere length and telomerase activity were studied. they were classified into thre ... | 2003 | 12633944 |
| spontaneous vocal differentiation of coo-calls for tools and food in japanese monkeys. | vocal production and its usage in nonhuman primates may share common features with primitive human language. we trained two japanese monkeys to use a rake-shaped tool to retrieve distant food. after the training, the monkeys spontaneously began vocalizing coo-calls in the tool-using context. we then trained one of the monkeys to vocalize to request food or the tool. three independent acoustic parameters were measured and each parameter was independently analyzed across conditions using a multipl ... | 2003 | 12657451 |
| spontaneous vocal differentiation of coo-calls for tools and food in japanese monkeys. | vocal production and its usage in nonhuman primates may share common features with primitive human language. we trained two japanese monkeys to use a rake-shaped tool to retrieve distant food. after the training, the monkeys spontaneously began vocalizing coo-calls in the tool-using context. we then trained one of the monkeys to vocalize to request food or the tool. three independent acoustic parameters were measured and each parameter was independently analyzed across conditions using a multipl ... | 2003 | 12657451 |