| spp1 is expressed in corticospinal neurons of the macaque sensorimotor cortex. | the cellular distribution of spp1, which we recently identified as a gene with greater expression in the macaque primary motor cortex than in the premotor or prefrontal cortices, was examined in rhesus macaque, common marmoset, and rat brains. in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that spp1 mrna was expressed specifically in pyramidal neurons in layer v of the sensorimotor cortex of the rhesus macaque. these spp1 mrna-positive neurons were most abundant in the primary motor area, followe ... | 2010 | 20503431 |
| the marmoset and cotton rat as animal models for the study of sperm chromatin packaging. | in the human, canonical histones are largely replaced by protamine 1 (p1) and protamine 2 (p2) during late spermatogenesis. recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal replacement of the histones is associated with severe male infertility and has profound implications for early embryogenesis. in this review the hispid cotton rat and the common marmoset are evaluated as animal models for the study of chromatin packaging in sperm. the dna sequences of protamine 1 and protamine 2 in the cotton r ... | 2010 | 20536320 |
| characterization of lethal inhalational infection with francisella tularensis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the intracellular gram-negative pathogen francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia and is prevalent in many countries in the northern hemisphere. to determine whether the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) would be a suitable non-human primate model of inhalational tularaemia, a pathophysiology study was undertaken. ten animals were challenged with approximately 10(2) c.f.u. f. tularensis strain schu s4 (f. tularensis subsp. tularensis). to look for trends in the infection, p ... | 2010 | 20558585 |
| brevity is not always a virtue in primate communication. | semple et al. (semple et al. in press, biol. lett. (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1062)) argued that the 'law of brevity' (an inverse relationship between word length and frequency of use) applies not only to human language but also to vocal signalling in non-human primates, because coding efficiency is paramount in both situations. we analysed the frequency of use of signals of different duration in the vocal repertoires of two neotropical primate species studied in the wild-the common marmoset (callit ... | 2011 | 20573617 |
| epidermal growth factor effects on marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) oocyte in vitro maturation, ivf and embryo development are altered by gonadotrophin concentration during oocyte maturation. | this is the first study of the effect of epidermal growth factor (egf) on marmoset monkey oocytes matured in vitro. | 2010 | 20573678 |
| hunting strategies in wild common marmosets are prey and age dependent. | we investigated the hunting strategies of wild common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to determine whether the strategies differed among animals of different age classes and/or prey type. the study was conducted in a fragment of atlantic rain forest, situated 40 km from recife (pe/brazil). twenty-seven individuals from four social groups were observed. captured prey items were divided into three categories. the hunting strategies of the common marmosets were ranked into four categories. the acqui ... | 2010 | 20623501 |
| bioavailability and efficacy of levofloxacin against francisella tularensis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies with levofloxacin were performed in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) model of inhalational tularemia. plasma levofloxacin pharmacokinetics were determined in six animals in separate single-dose and multidose studies. plasma drug concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization. on day 7 of a twice-daily dosing regimen of 40 mg/kg, the levofloxacin half-life, maximum concentration, and area under ... | 2010 | 20625157 |
| generating induced pluripotent stem cells from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) fetal liver cells using defined factors, including lin28. | although embryonic stem (es) cell-like induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells have potential therapeutic applications in humans, they are also useful for creating genetically modified human disease models in nonhuman primates. in this study, we generated common marmoset ips cells from fetal liver cells via the retrovirus-mediated introduction of six human transcription factors: oct-3/4, sox2, klf4, c-myc, nanog, and lin28. four to five weeks after introduction, several colonies resembling marmoset ... | 2010 | 20670273 |
| line transect surveying of arboreal monkeys: problems of group size and spread in a highly fragmented landscape. | line transect surveying is a relatively rapid and efficient procedure for the assessment of primate populations; although the reliability of the resulting density estimates is affected by a number of factors, including habitat configuration. in this study, primate populations were surveyed at a highly fragmented site in northeastern brazil, where the resident species include the endangered coimbra-filho's titi, callicebus coimbrai, and the critically endangered yellow-breasted capuchin, cebus xa ... | 2010 | 20683881 |
| morphological changes in serotoninergic neurites in the striatum and globus pallidus in levodopa primed mptp treated common marmosets with dyskinesia. | hyperinnervation of the striatum by serotoninergic (5-ht) terminals occurs after destruction of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway. recent studies have suggested that non-physiological release of dopamine (da) formed from levodopa in these serotoninergic terminals underlies abnormal involuntary movement (aims) induction in 6-ohda lesioned rats. in the present study, we used tryptophan hydroxylase (tph) immunohistochemistry to determine whether 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hy ... | 2010 | 20713157 |
| germ cell dynamics in the testis of the postnatal common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the seminiferous epithelium in the nonhuman primate callithrix jacchus is similarly organized to man. this monkey has therefore been used as a preclinical model for spermatogenesis and testicular stem cell physiology. however, little is known about the developmental dynamics of germ cells in the postnatal primate testis. in this study, we analyzed testes of newborn, 8-week-old, and adult marmosets employing immunohistochemistry using pluripotent stem cell and germ cell markers ddx4 (vasa), pou5f ... | 2010 | 20729334 |
| late b cell depletion with a human anti-human cd20 igg1κ monoclonal antibody halts the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in marmosets. | depletion of cd20(+) b cells has been related to reduced clinical activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. the underlying mechanism is not understood, because serum igg levels were unaltered by the treatment. we report the effect of late b cell depletion on cellular and humoral immune mechanisms in a preclinical multiple sclerosis model (i.e., experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [eae] in the common marmoset). we used a novel human anti-human cd20 igg1κ mab (humab 7d8) that cross ... | 2010 | 20739677 |
| the developmental impact of prenatal stress, prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal social stress on physiology, behaviour and neuroanatomy of primate offspring: studies in rhesus macaque and common marmoset. | exposure of the immature mammalian brain to stress factors, including stress levels of glucocorticoids, either prenatally or postnatally, is regarded as a major regulatory factor in short- and long-term brain function and, in human, as a major aetiological factor in neuropsychiatric disorders. experimental human studies are not feasible and animal studies are required to demonstrate causality and elucidate mechanisms. a number of studies have been conducted and reviewed in rodents but there are ... | 2011 | 20809212 |
| modulation of physical understanding by common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the understanding of physical causality in common marmosets was tested using support problems in which a pair of sheets was presented to determine whether subjects would choose the sheet that had a food item on it (i.e., the sheet was supporting the food item). in two experiments, the conditions were manipulated in terms of the length of the sheet, the distance between the sheet and the food item, the presence of a gap separating the two sheets, and the size of the food item. in experiment 1, th ... | 2011 | 20830498 |
| the bony labyrinth of the early platyrrhine primate chilecebus. | we document the morphology of the bony labyrinth of chilecebus carrascoensis, one of the best preserved early platyrrhines known, based on high resolution ct scanning and 3d digital reconstruction. the cochlea is low and conical in form, as in other anthropoids, but has only 2.5 spiral turns. when the allometric relationship with body mass is considered, cochlear size is similar to that in extant primates. the relative size of the semicircular canals, which is well within the range of other prim ... | 2010 | 20952046 |
| activation of frontal neocortical areas by vocal production in marmosets. | primates often rely on vocal communication to mediate social interactions. although much is known about the acoustic structure of primate vocalizations and the social context in which they are usually uttered, our knowledge about the neocortical control of audio-vocal interactions in primates is still incipient, being mostly derived from lesion studies in squirrel monkeys and macaques. to map the neocortical areas related to vocal control in a new world primate species, the common marmoset, we e ... | 2010 | 20953246 |
| collagen-induced arthritis in common marmosets: a new nonhuman primate model for chronic arthritis. | there is an ever-increasing need for animal models to evaluate efficacy and safety of new therapeutics in the field of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). particularly for the early preclinical evaluation of human-specific biologicals targeting the progressive phase of the disease, there is a need for relevant animal models. in response to this requirement we set out to develop a model of collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in a small-sized nonhuman primate species (300 to 400 g at adult age); that is, the ... | 2010 | 20977720 |
| cellular organization of adult neurogenesis in the common marmoset. | adult neurogenesis within the subgranular zone (sgz) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (svz) of the lateral ventricle (lv) has been most intensely studied within the brains of rodents such as mice and rats. however, little is known about the cell types and processes involved in adult neurogenesis within primates such as the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). moreover, substantial differences seem to exist between the neurogenic niche of the lv between rodents and hu ... | 2010 | 21040399 |
| simple autogeneic feeder cell preparation for pluripotent stem cells. | mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs) are the most commonly used feeder cells for pluripotent stem cells. however, autogeneic feeder (af) cells have several advantages such as no xenogeneic risks and reduced costs. in this report, we demonstrate that common marmoset embryonic stem (cmes) cells can be maintained on common marmoset af (cmaf) cells. these cmes cells were maintained on cmaf cells for 6 months, retaining their morphology, normal karyotype, and expression patterns for the pluripotent mar ... | 2010 | 21041123 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of endogenous recombinant common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) follicle-stimulating hormone. | common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) are readily used in biomedical research. however, superovulation for embryonic stem cell production and developmental research still remain difficult. inexplicably, follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) as key player in superovulation has to be administered in extremely high dosages in this non-human primate compared to human. | 2010 | 21044091 |
| population-averaged standard template brain atlas for the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | advanced magnetic resonance (mr) neuroimaging analysis techniques based on voxel-wise statistics, such as voxel-based morphometry (vbm) and functional mri, are widely applied to cognitive brain research in both human subjects and in non-human primates. recent developments in imaging have enabled the evaluation of smaller animal models with sufficient spatial resolution. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world primate species, has been widely used in neuroscience research, to ... | 2010 | 21044887 |
| 5-ht(1b) receptor in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | serotonin (5-ht) is involved in the fine adjustments at several brain centers including the core of the mammal circadian timing system (cts) and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn). the scn receives massive serotonergic projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei, whose inputs are described in rats as ramifying at its ventral portion overlapping the retinohypothalamic and geniculohypothalamic fibers. in the scn, the 5-ht actions are reported as being primarily mediated by the 5-ht1 typ ... | 2010 | 21055446 |
| when play is a family business: adult play, hierarchy, and possible stress reduction in common marmosets. | easy to recognize but not easy to define, animal play is a baffling behavior because it has no obvious immediate benefits for the performers. however, the absence of immediate advantages, if true, would leave adult play (costly but maintained by evolution, spanning lemurs to homo sapiens) unexplained. although a commonly held view maintains that play is limited by stress, an emergent hypothesis states that play can regulate stress in the short term. here we explored this hypothesis in a captive ... | 2010 | 21107884 |
| advanced follicle development in xenografted prepubertal ovarian tissue: the common marmoset as a nonhuman primate model for ovarian tissue transplantation. | to establish a nonhuman primate model addressing follicular development in cryopreserved prepubertal ovarian tissue after xenografting. | 2010 | 21122840 |
| gene targeting and subsequent site-specific transgenesis at the β-actin (actb) locus in common marmoset embryonic stem cells. | nonhuman primate embryonic stem (es) cells have vast promise for preclinical studies. genetic modification in nonhuman primate es cells is an essential technique for maximizing the potential of these cells. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a nonhuman primate, is expected to be a useful transgenic model for preclinical studies. however, genetic modification in common marmoset es (cmes) cells has not yet been adequately developed. to establish efficient and stable genetic modifications in ... | 2011 | 21126169 |
| tissue-specific expression of squirrel monkey chorionic gonadotropin. | pituitary gonadotropins lh and fsh play central roles in reproductive function. in old world primates, lh stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. recent studies have found that squirrel monkeys and other new world primates lack expression of lh in the pituitary. instead, chorionic gonadotropin (cg), which is normally only expressed in the placenta of old world primates, is the active luteotropic pituitary hormone in these animals. the goal of this study was to inves ... | 2010 | 21130091 |
| overview of the marmoset as a model in nonclinical development of pharmaceutical products. | callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) is one of the more primitive non-human primate species and is used widely in fundamental biology, pharmacology and toxicology studies. marmosets breed well in captivity with good reproductive efficiencies and their sexual maturity is reached within 18 months of age allowing for rapid expansion of colonies and early availability of sexually mature animals permitting an earlier assessment of product candidates in the adult. their relatively small size allows a ... | 2010 | 21156195 |
| circadian profile of peripheral hormone levels in sprague-dawley rats and in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | in the present study, we report the circadian profiles of a wide panel of hormones measured in rats and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), under physiological conditions, paying special attention to minimising the stress imposed on the animals. | 2010 | 21164040 |
| vocalization induced cfos expression in marmoset cortex. | all non-human primates communicate with conspecifics using vocalizations, a system involving both the production and perception of species-specific vocal signals. much of the work on the neural basis of primate vocal communication in cortex has focused on the sensory processing of vocalizations, while relatively little data are available for vocal production. earlier physiological studies in squirrel monkeys had shed doubts on the involvement of primate cortex in vocal behaviors. the aim of the ... | 2010 | 21179582 |
| activity-dependent regulation of mhc class i expression in the developing primary visual cortex of the common marmoset monkey. | several recent studies have highlighted the important role of immunity-related molecules in synaptic plasticity processes in the developing and adult mammalian brains. it has been suggested that neuronal mhci (major histocompatibility complex class i) genes play a role in the refinement and pruning of synapses in the developing visual system. as a fast evolutionary rate may generate distinct properties of molecules in different mammalian species, we studied the expression of mhci molecules in a ... | 2011 | 21205317 |
| evolutionary glycomics: characterization of milk oligosaccharides in primates. | free oligosaccharides are abundant components of mammalian milk and have primary roles as prebiotic compounds, in immune defense, and in brain development. a mass spectrometry-based technique is applied to profile milk oligosaccharides from apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, and siamang), new world monkeys (golden lion tamarin and common marmoset), and an old world monkey (rhesus). the purpose of this study is to evaluate the patterns of primate milk oligosaccharide composition from a phylogenetic persp ... | 2011 | 21214271 |
| oxytocin changes primate paternal tolerance to offspring in food transfer. | oxytocin facilitates social recognition in rats and mice, onset of maternal behavior in virgin mice and formation of pair bonds without copulation in prairie voles. however, the relationship between this peptide and paternal behavior in primates remains largely unknown. we investigated whether oxytocin affects paternal behavior in common marmosets. in these primates, fathers as well as mothers take care of their infants, and transferring food to the infants is one of their more obvious caretakin ... | 2011 | 21225271 |
| effects of constant daylight exposure during early development on marmoset psychosocial behavior. | due to global industrialization, the light cycle is shifting to longer daytime. mounting evidence indicates that social developmental disorders may correlate with longer periods of daytime in childhood. however, the exact mechanisms of this link remain unclear. to examine the impact of longer day-time on psychosocial development, we developed a novel non-human primate model, using the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) reared under constant daylight from birth. marmosets were reared individual ... | 2011 | 21238530 |
| cellular composition and organization of the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream in the adult and neonatal common marmoset brain. | the adult subventricular zone (svz) of the lateral ventricle contains neural stem cells. in rodents, these cells generate neuroblasts that migrate as chains toward the olfactory bulb along the rostral migratory stream (rms). the neural-stem-cell niche at the ventricular wall is conserved in various animal species, including primates. however, it is unclear how the svz and rms organization in nonhuman primates relates to that of rodents and humans. here we studied the svz and rms of the adult and ... | 2011 | 21246550 |
| internet-based atlas of the primate spinal cord. | in 2009, we reported an online brain atlas of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) at http://marmoset-brain.org:2008. here we report new digital images of the primate spinal cord sections added to the website. we prepared histological sections of every segment of the spinal cord of the common marmoset, rhesus monkey and japanese monkey with various staining techniques. the sections were scanned with carl zeiss mirax scan at light microscopic resolution. obtained digital data were processed a ... | 2011 | 21291922 |
| reading marmoset behavior 'semantics' under particular social context by multi-parameters correlation analysis. | social interactions are a fundamental aspect of human and animal behavior. although neuroimaging and other non-invasive methods have progressed recently, the neurobiology of social behavior requires the use of animal models. here, we introduced a multi-behavior parameter integration method and applied it to female-male interaction of adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). based on the correlated parameters and meeting context, we found that the behavioral endpoints clustered in four distin ... | 2011 | 21300127 |
| macaque cytochromes p450: nomenclature, transcript, gene, genomic structure, and function. | monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. recently, numerous cytochrome p450 (p450 or cyp) cdnas have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and were named by the p450 nomenclature committee. however, recent advances in genome analysis of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys revealed that some monkey p450s are appar ... | 2011 | 21303270 |
| measurement of absolute auditory thresholds in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset is a small, arboreal, new world primate that has emerged as a promising non-human model system in auditory neuroscience. a complete understanding of the neuroethology of auditory processing in marmosets will include behavioral work examining how sounds are perceived by these animals. however, there have been few studies of the marmoset's hearing and perceptual abilities and the audiogram of this species has not been measured using modern psychophysical methods. the present ex ... | 2011 | 21303689 |
| rapid high-resolution three-dimensional mapping of t1 and age-dependent variations in the non-human primate brain using magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (mprage) sequence. | the use of quantitative t(1) mapping in neuroscience and neurology has raised strong interest in the development of t(1)-mapping techniques that can measure t(1) in the whole brain, with high accuracy and precision and within short imaging and computation times. here, we present a new inversion-recovery (ir) based t(1)-mapping method using a standard 3d magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (mprage) sequence. by varying only the inversion time (ti), but keeping other parameters constant, mp ... | 2011 | 21376814 |
| molecular evolution of immunoglobulin superfamily genes in primates. | genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) have a wide variety of cellular activities. in this study, we investigated molecular evolution of igsf genes in primates by comparing orthologous sequences of 249 igsf genes among human, chimpanzee, orangutan, rhesus macaque, and common marmoset. to evaluate the non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio (¤ë), we applied bn-bs program and paml program. igsf genes were classified into 11 functional categories based on the gene ontology (go) databas ... | 2011 | 21390552 |
| the development of small primate models for aging research. | nonhuman primate (nhp) aging research has traditionally relied mainly on the rhesus macaque. but the long lifespan, low reproductive rate, and relatively large body size of macaques and related old world monkeys make them less than ideal models for aging research. manifold advantages would attend the use of smaller, more rapidly developing, shorter-lived nhp species in aging studies, not the least of which are lower cost and the ability to do shorter research projects. arbitrarily defining "smal ... | 2011 | 21411860 |
| altered neural responses to sounds in primate primary auditory cortex during slow-wave sleep. | how sounds are processed by the brain during sleep is an important question for understanding how we perceive the sensory environment in this unique behavioral state. while human behavioral data have indicated selective impairments of sound processing during sleep, brain imaging and neurophysiology studies have reported that overall neural activity in auditory cortex during sleep is surprisingly similar to that during wakefulness. this responsiveness to external stimuli leaves open the question ... | 2011 | 21414918 |
| protamine-1 represents a sperm specific gene transcript: a study in callithrix jacchus and bos taurus. | spermatozoa are transcriptionally inactive cells, but contain acetylated histones, normally a characteristic of transcriptionally active cells. acetylgroups are thought to represent epigenetic marks that are transmitted to the oocyte and are involved in starting gene expression in the zygote and in regulating gene expression during early embryogenesis. we performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) and in bovine spermatozo ... | 2011 | 21486395 |
| comparative genome analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i b/c segments in primates elucidated by genomic sequencing in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) have emerged as important animal models for biomedical research, necessitating a more extensive characterization of their major histocompatibility complex (mhc) region. however, the genomic information of the marmoset mhc (caja) is still lacking. the mhc-b/c segment represents the most diverse mhc region among primates. therefore, in this paper, to elucidate the detailed gene organization and evolutionary processes of the caja class i b (caja-b) segme ... | 2011 | 21505866 |
| characterization of bcar4, a novel oncogene causing endocrine resistance in human breast cancer cells. | resistance to the antiestrogen tamoxifen remains a major problem in the management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. knowledge on the resistance mechanisms is needed to develop more effective therapies. breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 4 (bcar4) was identified in a functional screen for genes involved in tamoxifen resistance. bcar4 is expressed in 27% of primary breast tumors. in patients treated with tamoxifen for metastized disease high bcar4 mrna levels are associated with red ... | 2011 | 21506106 |
| post-exposure therapy of inhalational anthrax in the common marmoset. | the aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ciprofloxacin as post-exposure therapy against inhalational anthrax in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with other non-human primate models in order to determine whether the marmoset is a suitable model to test post-exposure therapies for anthrax. pharmacokinetic (pk) and efficacy studies with ciprofloxacin were performed in the marmoset. ciprofloxacin plasma pharmacokinetics were determined in six animals in separ ... | 2011 | 21530184 |
| development of a compact and general-purpose experimental apparatus with a touch-sensitive screen for use in evaluating cognitive functions in common marmosets. | common marmosets have been used extensively in biomedical research and the recent advent of techniques to generate transgenic marmosets has accelerated the use of this model. new methods that efficiently assess the degree of cognitive function in common marmosets are needed in order to establish their suitability as non-human primate models of higher brain function disorders. here, we have developed a new apparatus suitable for testing the cognitive functions of common marmosets. utilizing a min ... | 2011 | 21549751 |
| inhibition of maternal behaviour by central infusion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in marmoset monkeys. | stress can inhibit maternal behaviour and increase rates of child abuse in humans and other animals; however, the neuroendocrine mechanisms are not known. to determine whether corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) plays a role in stress-induced disruption of maternal behaviour in primates, we characterised the effects of acute intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of crh on maternal and abusive behaviour in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). nulliparous females were implanted with ... | 2011 | 21554432 |
| establishment of the milk-borne transmission as a key factor for the peculiar endemicity of human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1): the atl prevention program nagasaki. | in late 2010, the nation-wide screening of pregnant women for human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) infection was implemented in japan to prevent milk-borne transmission of htlv-1. in the late 1970s, recognition of the adult t-cell leukemia (atl) cluster in kyushu, japan, led to the discovery of the first human retrovirus, htlv-1. in 1980, we started to investigate mother-to-child transmission (mtct) for explaining the peculiar endemicity of htlv-1. retrospective and prospective epidemiolog ... | 2011 | 21558754 |
| characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) enantiomers in vitro and in the mptp-lesioned primate: r-mdma reduces severity of dyskinesia, whereas s-mdma extends duration of on-time. | l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) is the most effective treatment for parkinson's disease, but long-term l-dopa administration is marred by the emergence of motor complications, namely, dyskinesia and a shortening of antiparkinsonian benefit (wearing-off). 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) is unique in that it exerts antidyskinetic effects and may enhance antiparkinsonian actions of l-dopa. mdma is composed of two enantiomers with different pharmacological profiles; here, we describe ... | 2011 | 21562283 |
| hormonal and behavioral responses to stress in lactating and non-lactating female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | in several mammalian species, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) and behavioral responses to stressors are down-regulated in lactating females, possibly preventing stress-induced disruptions of maternal care. experimental elevations of hpa axis hormones have been found to inhibit maternal behavior in lactating common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus), raising the question of whether lactating female marmosets also have blunted endogenous responses to stress. therefore, we compared hpa and ... | 2011 | 21600906 |
| distinct structural plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala of the middle-aged common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | adult neurogenesis in the primate brain is generally accepted to occur primarily in two specific areas; the subgranular zone (sgz) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (dg) and the subventricular zone (svz) of the lateral ventricles. hippocampal neurogenesis is well known to be downregulated by stress and aging in rodents, however there is less evidence documenting the sensitivity of neuroblasts generated in the svz. in primates, migrating cells generated in the svz travel via a unique temporal stre ... | 2011 | 21605555 |
| fine frequency tuning in monkey auditory cortex and thalamus. | the frequency resolution of auditory neurons throughout the ascending auditory pathway is an important parameter for understanding how sounds are processed. it has been shown in previous animal studies that the frequency tuning widths are about 1/5 octave wide in auditory nerve fibers and much wider in auditory cortex neurons (pickles, 1979; mclaughlin et al., 2008; see table 1). psychophysical studies show that humans are capable of discriminating far finer frequency differences (oxenham and sh ... | 2011 | 21613589 |
| modeling hippocampal neurogenesis across the lifespan in seven species. | the aim of this study was to estimate the number of new cells and neurons added to the dentate gyrus across the lifespan, and to compare the rate of age-associated decline in neurogenesis across species. data from mice (mus musculus), rats (rattus norvegicus), lesser hedgehog tenrecs (echinops telfairi), macaques (macaca mulatta), marmosets (callithrix jacchus), tree shrews (tupaia belangeri), and humans (homo sapiens) were extracted from 21 data sets published in 14 different reports. analysis ... | 2011 | 21621300 |
| [risks of transmitting rabies virus from captive domiciliary common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) to human beings, in the metropolitan region of fortaleza, state of ceará, brazil.] | | 2011 | 21625806 |
| evolution of the cyp2d gene cluster in humans and four non-human primates. | the human cytochrome p450 2d6 (cyp2d6) is a primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of about 25% of commonly used therapeutic drugs. cyp2d6 belongs to the cyp2d subfamily, a gene cluster located on chromosome 22, which comprises the cyp2d6 gene and pseudogenes cyp2d7p and cyp2d8p. although the chemical and physiological properties of cyp2d6 have been extensively studied, there has been no study to date on molecular evolution of the cyp2d subfamily in the human genome. such knowledge could grea ... | 2011 | 21670550 |
| decision making and risk attitude of the common marmoset in a gambling task. | to analyze decision making under uncertainty of monkeys, common marmosets were trained to choose and remove one of two colored caps on wells arranged side by side. each well contained constant reward (3 grains of puffed rice) or risky reward (0 or 6 grains; probability, 50%:50%). for each marmoset, white or black color was assigned randomly as a symbol of non-risky or risky choice. arrangement of white and black caps was determined randomly in each trial. after 200 trials (5 trials per day), the ... | 2011 | 21802456 |
| the pathology of experimental poxvirus infection in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): further characterization of a new primate model for orthopoxvirus infections. | zoonotic orthopoxvirus (opv) can induce severe disease in man and the virus has potential for use in bioterrorism. new vaccines and therapeutics against opv infections must be tested in animal models. the aim of this study was to characterize the clinical course and pathology of a new opv isolate, calpox virus, which is infectious in marmosets. infection experiments were performed with 28 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) exposed to different challenge doses of calpox virus by the intravenou ... | 2011 | 21783202 |
| increased positive selection pressure within the complementarity determining regions of the t-cell receptor ß gene in new world monkeys. | because of the long-term co-evolution of tcr and mhc molecules, numerous nucleotide substitutions have accumulated within the domains of tcrß genes. we previously found that nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions occurred more frequently in complementarity determining region (cdr)ß than in cdra, even though only a limited number of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and human t-cell receptor ß variable (trbv) sequences were compared. this interesting finding raised the question of whether the ... | 2011 | 21769905 |
| tool-use learning by common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | one of the most critical and common features of tool use is that the tool essentially functions as a part of the body. this feature is likely rooted in biological features that are shared by tool users. to establish an ideal primate model to explore the neurobiological mechanisms supporting tool-use behaviours, we trained common marmosets, a small new world monkey species that is not usually associated with tool use, to use a rake-shaped tool to retrieve food. five naive common marmosets were sy ... | 2011 | 21713504 |
| quantification of zp1, zp2 and zp3 mrna of marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) oocytes from periantral and antral follicles. | in mammals, the oocyte and preimplantation embryo are protected by the zona pellucida (zp) consisting mainly of zp glycoproteins, which are responsible for sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and zona pellucida hardening to prevent polyspermia. the zp proteins become increasingly important as possible predictors for in vitro cultured oocytes competence. as little is known about the stage-dependent expression of zp1, zp2 and zp3 in marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) oocytes, mrna ... | 2011 | 21689136 |
| triiodothyronine administration ameliorates the demyelination/remyelination ratio in a non-human primate model of multiple sclerosis by correcting tissue hypothyroidism. | remyelination failure is a key landmark in chronic progression of multiple sclerosis (ms), the most diffuse demyelinating disease in human, but the reasons for this are still unknown. it has been shown that thyroid hormone administration in the rodent models of acute and chronic demyelinating diseases improved their clinical course, pathology and remyelination. in the present study, we translated this therapeutic attempt to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) in the non-human primate c ... | 2011 | 21707794 |
| object permanence in adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): not everything is an "a-not-b" error that seems to be one. | in this paper, we describe a behaviour pattern similar to the "a-not-b" error found in human infants and young apes in a monkey species, the common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). in contrast to the classical explanation, recently it has been suggested that the "a-not-b" error committed by human infants is at least partially due to misinterpretation of the hider's ostensively communicated object hiding actions as potential 'teaching' demonstrations during the a trials. we tested whether this so- ... | 2011 | 21739135 |
| colonization with nontuberculous mycobacteria is associated with positive tuberculin skin test reactions in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | mycobacterium tuberculosis infections can result in significant morbidity and mortality in nonhuman primate colonies. preventative health programs designed to detect infection routinely include tuberculin skin testing (tst). because mammalian old tuberculin used for tst contains antigens common to a variety of mycobacterial species, false-positive results can occur in animals sensitized to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). over 11 mo, a large colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) demo ... | 2011 | 21819699 |
| a novel two promoter- one gene system of the chorionic gonadotropin beta (cgb) gene enables tissue specific expression. | the new world monkey (nwm), callithrix jacchus, a preferred model in medical research, displays an interesting endocrine regulation of reproduction: the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone luteinizing hormone (lh) is functionally replaced by the chorionic gonadotropin (cg), a hormone indispensable for establishment of pregnancy in humans and normally expressed in the placenta. in the marmoset pituitary, the expression of the beta-subunit (cgb) gene is regulated similarly to human lh beta-subunit, ... | 2011 | 21821715 |
| ultrastructural analysis, zinc transporters, glucose transporters and hormones expression in new world primate (callithrix jacchus) and human pancreatic islets. | the new world primates (nwp) callithrix jacchus separated from man approximately 50million years ago and is a potential alternative small non-human primate model for diabetes research. ultrastructure, and gene expression of pancreatic islets and the recently described diabetes auto antigenic zinc transporters families in human, nwp and pig pancreas were studied. morphologically nwp islets were larger than pig islets and similar in size to human islets. nwp islets alpha cells had high dense core ... | 2011 | 21821034 |
| oxalate nephropathy in a laboratory colony of common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) following the ingestion of eucalyptus viminalis. | seven common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) from a laboratory colony of 17 died over a period of eight months. death of six of these monkeys was attributed to kidney failure from an oxalate-induced nephropathy. the epidemiology of this outbreak suggested an exogenous source and there was strong evidence that the source was bark and leaves from an eucalyptus viminalis tree. branches of this tree were introduced one month before the first death. the branches were removed one month after dea ... | 2011 | 21727186 |
| colonization of collagen scaffolds by adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells of the common marmoset monkey. | in regenerative medicine, human cell replacement therapy offers great potential, especially by cell types differentiated from immunologically and ethically unproblematic mesenchymal stem cells (mscs). in terms of an appropriate carrier material, collagen scaffolds with homogeneous pore size of 65++m were optimal for cell seeding and cultivating. however, before clinical application and transplantation of msc-derived cells in scaffolds, the safety and efficiency, but also possible interference in ... | 2011 | 21726528 |
| bronchoconstriction in nonhuman primates: a species comparison. | bronchoconstriction is a characteristic symptom of various chronic obstructive respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. precision-cut lung slices (pcls) are a suitable ex vivo model to study physiological mechanisms of bronchoconstriction in different species. in the present study, we established an ex vivo model of bronchoconstriction in nonhuman primates (nhps). pcls prepared from common marmosets, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and anubis baboons w ... | 2011 | 21700889 |
| common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a primate model of dengue virus infection: development of high levels of viremia and demonstration of protective immunity. | dengue virus (denv) causes a wide range of illness in humans: dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome (dss). animal models that constantly develop high levels of viremia are required for the development of protective and preventive measures. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) demonstrated high levels of viremia after inoculation with clinical isolates of four serotypes of denv; in particular, over 10(6) genome copies/ml after inoculation with denv-2. nonstr ... | 2011 | 21697346 |
| a case of intestinal mucormycosis in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a 3-year-old female common marmoset was euthanatized because of wasting. grossly, a perforating lesion was present in the jejunum and hemorrhagic lesions in the cecum and colon. histopathologically, these gross lesions were a perforated jejunal ulcer and necrotizing colitis, respectively. necrotizing colitis was characterized by extensive mucosal necrosis along with numerous ribbon-shaped aseptate hyphae. these aseptate hyaline hyphae were positively stained with pas and gms, and reacted immunoh ... | 2011 | 22020147 |
| Comparative distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the hypothalamus of the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). | Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is widely distributed in the brain of many species. In the hypothalamus, CART neurotransmission has been implicated in diverse functions including energy balance, stress response, and temperature and endocrine regulation. Although some studies have been performed in primates, very little is known about the distribution of CART neurons in New World monkeys. New World monkeys are good models for systems neuroscience, as some species have evolved ... | 2011 | 22030409 |
| Effects of rearing conditions on early visual development in common marmosets. | Early development of visual behavior was examined in hand-reared (HR) and parentally reared (PR) common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). On the day of birth, most of the marmosets exhibited sensitivity to light and sound: they closed their eyes in response to light and oriented to the sound sources. The behavior of tracking moving visual stimuli was exhibited at around 10 days postnatally in PR marmosets, but the onset of this behavior was delayed to the age of 16 days in HR marmosets. The delay ... | 2011 | 22127827 |
| human hepatocyte growth factor promotes functional recovery in primates after spinal cord injury. | many therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury (sci) using neurotrophic factors have focused on reducing the area damaged by secondary, post-injury degeneration, to promote functional recovery. hepatocyte growth factor (hgf), which is a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes and a mediator of the inflammatory responses to tissue injury, was recently highlighted as a potent neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. we previously reported that introducing exogenous hgf into the inju ... | 2011 | 22140459 |
| dissociation between seeing and acting: insights from common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | perception-based measures often reveal much earlier competencies than action-based approaches. we explored this phenomenon generally labeled as "knowledge dissociation" in 28 common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) using a paradigm where subjects had to localize a food item dropped down an opaque tube. experiments 1 and 2 assessed common marmoset monkeys' gravity bias in an action based version of the tubes task. experiments 3 and 4 investigated whether marmosets' performance increases in a ... | 2012 | 22085789 |
| B-cell depletion attenuates white and gray matter pathology in marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | This study investigated the effect of CD20-positive B-cell depletion on central nervous system (CNS) white and gray matter pathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets, a relevant preclinical model of multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced in 14 marmosets by immunization with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in complete Freund adjuvant. At 21 days after immunization, B-cell depletion was achieved by weekly intr ... | 2011 | 22002426 |
| Unravelling the T-cell-mediated autoimmune attack on CNS myelin in a new primate EAE model induced with MOG(34-56) peptide in incomplete adjuvant. | Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been documented in common marmosets using peptide 34-56 from human myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(34-56) ) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Here, we report that this EAE model is associated with widespread demyelination of grey and white matter. We performed an in-depth analysis of the specificity, MHC restriction and functions of the activated T cells in the model, which likely cause EAE in an autoantibody-independ ... | 2011 | 21928277 |
| a small nonhuman primate model for filovirus-induced disease. | ebolavirus and marburgvirus are members of the filovirus family and induce a fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans and nonhuman primates with 90% case fatality. to develop a small nonhuman primate model for filovirus disease, common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were intramuscularly inoculated with wild type marburgvirus musoke or ebolavirus zaire. the infection resulted in a systemic fatal disease with clinical and morphological features closely resembling human infection. animals experienced we ... | 2011 | 21959017 |
| Population parameters of the endangered titi monkey, Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi and Langguth, 1999, in the fragmented landscape of southern Sergipe, Brazil. | The recently-discovered titi, Callicebus coimbrai, is endemic to the coastal Brazilian Atlantic Forest south of the São Francisco River, a region with a long tradition of deforestation. While a number of C. coimbrai populations have now been identified, little is known about basic population parameters. Considering the importance of this information for conservation planning, the population of a site in southern Sergipe (with a total area of forest of approximately 500 ha) was surveyed between A ... | 2011 | 21881780 |
| discrepant effects of human interferon-gamma on clinical and immunological disease parameters in a novel marmoset model for multiple sclerosis. | the core pathogenic process in the common marmoset model of multiple sclerosis (ms) is the activation of memory-like t cells specific for peptide 34 to 56 derived from the extracellular domain of myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog(34-56)). immunization with mog(34-56) in incomplete freund's adjuvant is a sufficient stimulus for in vivo activation of these t cells, together with the induction of ms-like disease and cns pathology. ex vivo functional characteristics of mog(34-56) specific t c ... | 2011 | 22012268 |
| vocal control by the common marmoset in the presence of interfering noise. | the natural environment is inherently noisy with acoustic interferences. it is, therefore, beneficial for a species to modify its vocal production to effectively communicate in the presence of interfering noises. non-human primates have been traditionally considered to possess limited voluntary vocal control, but little is known about their ability to modify vocal behavior when encountering interfering noises. here we tested the ability of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) to control the ... | 2011 | 21993791 |
| development of a novel non-human primate model for rift valley fever. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) can cause severe human disease characterized by either acute-onset hepatitis, or delayed-onset encephalitis, or retinitis and blindness, or a hemorrhagic syndrome. the existing non-human primate (nhp) model for rvf utilizes an intravenous exposure route in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). severe disease in these animals is infrequent and large cohorts are needed to observe significant morbidity and mortality. to overcome these drawbacks, we evaluated the infectivi ... | 2011 | 22156530 |
| the (not necessarily) convoluted role of basal radial glia in cortical neurogenesis. | recent advances in cell labeling and imaging techniques have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the neural precursor cells responsible for corticogenesis. in particular, radial glial cells are now known to generate several classes of restricted progenitors and neurons. while radial glial cells in the ventricular zone have received the most attention, it has become increasingly clear that a distinct subclass of radial glial cells situated in the subventricular zone (svz) and intermediate zone ... | 2011 | 22116731 |
| toxicity and retinal penetration of infliximab in primates. | purpose:: to evaluate the retinal penetration and toxicity of two doses of intravitreal infliximab in primates. methods:: ten marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were given intravitreal injection of 100 μg or 400 μg of infliximab, and balanced salt solution served as control. at baseline and after 24 hours (5 animals) and 7 days (the other 5), the eyes were examined by electroretinography. they were then killed (at 24 hours and 7 days) and assessed by light microscopy and transmission electron micros ... | 2011 | 22080907 |
| debrisoquine metabolism and cyp2d expression in marmoset liver microsomes. | the objective of this study was to define cyp2d enzymes in marmoset (callithrix jacchus) liver microsomes, both at the activity level using debrisoquine as the model substrate and at the protein level using antibodies raised to human cyp2d6. marmoset liver microsomes were incubated with [(14)c]debrisoquine, and the structure of the generated metabolites was determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nmr. marmoset liver microsomes were very effective in hydroxylating debr ... | 2012 | 21976620 |
| Allelic Lineages of the Ficolin Genes (FCNs) Are Passed from Ancestral to Descendant Primates. | The ficolins recognize carbohydrates and acetylated compounds on microorganisms and dying host cells and are able to activate the lectin pathway of the complement system. In humans, three ficolin genes have been identified: FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3, which encode ficolin-1, ficolin-2 and ficolin-3, respectively. Rodents have only two ficolins designated ficolin-A and ficolin-B that are closely related to human ficolin-1, while the rodent FCN3 orthologue is a pseudogene. Ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 have so ... | 2011 | 22194813 |
| Contribution of the amygdala, but not orbitofrontal or medial prefrontal cortices, to the expression of flavour preferences in marmoset monkeys. | The development of food preferences contributes to a balanced diet, and involves both innate and learnt factors. By associating flavour cues with the reinforcing properties of the food (i.e. postingestive nutrient cues and innately preferred tastes, such as sweetness), animals acquire individual preferences. How the brain codes and guides selection when the subject has to choose between different palatable foods is little understood. To investigate this issue, we trained common marmoset monkeys ... | 2011 | 21848920 |
| development of an acute model of inhalational melioidosis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | studies of inhalational melioidosis were undertaken in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). following exposure to an inhaled challenge with aerosolized burkholderia pseudomallei, lethal infection was observed in marmosets challenged with doses below 10 cfu; a precise ld(50) determination was not possible. the model was further characterized using a target challenge dose of approximately 10(2) cfu. a separate pathogenesis time-course experiment was also conducted. all animals succumbed, betw ... | 2011 | 22122591 |
| detection of anti-leptospira antibodies in captive nonhuman primates from salvador, brazil. | leptospirosis is a widely distributed zoonosis that affects several species of domestic and wild animals. under captive conditions, leptospirosis is a potential problem because the physical conditions in most zoos and research centers cannot prevent the captive animals from being exposed to rodents, raccoons, opossums, and other local wildlife that are known carriers. yet, despite the potential risk, animals that are destined for reintroduction into the wild are not routinely tested for anti-lep ... | 2012 | 22052355 |
| Abundant Occurrence of Basal Radial Glia in the Subventricular Zone of Embryonic Neocortex of a Lissencephalic Primate, the Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus. | Subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors are a hallmark of the developing neocortex. Recent studies described a novel type of SVZ progenitor that retains a basal process at mitosis, sustains expression of radial glial markers, and is capable of self-renewal. These progenitors, referred to here as basal radial glia (bRG), occur at high relative abundance in the SVZ of gyrencephalic primates (human) and nonprimates (ferret) but not lissencephalic rodents (mouse). Here, we analyzed the occurrence of b ... | 2011 | 22114084 |
| behavioral tests as indicator for pain and distress in a primate endometriosis model. | as common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are frequently used experimental animals, sensitive test systems are needed to evaluate impairment and pain caused by procedures and diseases. | 2011 | 21950721 |
| even simple forms of social learning rely on intention attribution in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | intention attribution guides the cognitively most demanding forms of social learning, such as imitation, thereby scaffolding cumulative cultural evolution. however, it is not thought to be necessary for more basic forms of social learning. here we present evidence that in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) even most basic forms of social learning such as enhancement depend on intention attribution. marmosets perceived the behavior of a conspecific and a conspecific-like robot, but not that of ... | 2011 | 22103235 |
| Compartmentalization of Cerebral Cortical Germinal Zones in a Lissencephalic Primate and Gyrencephalic Rodent. | Previous studies of macaque and human cortices identified cytoarchitectonically distinct germinal zones; the ventricular zone inner subventricular zone (ISVZ), and outer subventricular zone (OSVZ). To date, the OSVZ has only been described in gyrencephalic brains, separated from the ISVZ by an inner fiber layer and considered a milestone that triggered increased neocortical neurogenesis. However, this observation has only been assessed in a handful of species without the identification of the di ... | 2011 | 22114081 |
| intertemporal choice in lemurs. | different species vary in their ability to wait for delayed rewards in intertemporal choice tasks. models of rate maximization account for part of this variation, but other factors such as social structure and feeding ecology seem to underly some species differences. though studies have evaluated intertemporal choice in several primate species, including old world monkeys, new world monkeys, and apes, prosimians have not been tested. this study investigated intertemporal choices in three species ... | 2011 | 22024661 |
| Preparation of acute living hippocampal slice from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) for synaptic function analysis. | We described the preparation of acute living slices from the hippocampus of the neonatal common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Slices from a temporal lobe section were prepared quickly using a rotary slicer. By this method, we successfully recorded field potentials, namely, pre-synaptic fiber volley and field excitatory post-synaptic potentials, from the hippocampal CA1 region with conventional electrophysiological techniques, and analyzed the indicators of synaptic function such as input-output ... | 2011 | 22101369 |
| Improving the energy and nutrient supply for common marmoset monkeys fed under long-term laboratory conditions. | Background Current knowledge about the optimal energy and nutrient supply for common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) is scarce, and more information is needed for establishing the underlying nutritional concepts for facilitating longevity of this species as laboratory animals for biomedical research. Methods Two feeding experiments were conducted to yield fundamental data about feed acceptance, real feed intake, and feed preferences under laboratory conditions. Newly developed feeding co ... | 2011 | 22077415 |
| testing the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging in primate fibroblasts: is there a correlation between species longevity and cellular ros production? | the present study was conducted to test predictions of the oxidative stress theory of aging assessing reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress resistance in cultured fibroblasts from 13 primate species ranging in body size from 0.25 to 120 kg and in longevity from 20 to 90 years. we assessed both basal and stress-induced reactive oxygen species production in fibroblasts from five great apes (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan), four old world monkeys (baboon, rhesus ... | 2012 | 22219516 |
| [restorative therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons. about 10% of all als cases are familial; approximately 20% of familial als cases are caused by mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) gene. we developed rats that express a human sod1 transgene with als-associated mutations, developing striking motor neuron degeneration and paralysis. the larger size of this rat model as compared with the als mice, ... | 2012 | 23373317 |
| spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a common marmoset ( callithrix jacchus ). | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is now widely used in various research fields, including toxicology. however, information about the background pathology of this species is scarce. here, we report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma that spontaneously occurred in a common marmoset. a 44-month-old male common marmoset was euthanized due to bilateral hind limb paralysis. at necropsy, a 2×2×5-cm intramuscular mass was observed in the lower right back. histologically, the mass was mainly composed of ... | 2013 | 23914060 |
| the distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in postnatal marmoset (callithrix jacchus) brain. | antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and vimentin were used to elucidate the distribution of these intermediate filament proteins in postnatal marmoset brains of various ages. the ependyma of the lateral ventricles was unique in being equally immunoreactive for both gfap and vimentin at all ages. vimentin alone was consistently demonstrated in endothelial and leptomeningeal cells at all ages. in neonates, vimentin immunoreactivity greatly exceeded that of gfap and was located prima ... | 2008 | 2496940 |