| differences in virulence of marine and freshwater isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in vivo correlate with in vitro ability to infect gill epithelial cells and macrophages of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) with known different virulence characteristics in vivo were studied (by a time course approach) for their abilities to infect and translocate across a primary culture of gill epithelial cells (gec) of rainbow trout (rbt; oncorhynchus mykiss). the strains included one low-virulence marine vhsv (ma-vhsv) strain, ma-1p8, and a highly pathogenic freshwater vhsv (fw-vhsv) strain, fw-dk-3592b. infectivities toward trout head kidney macrophages w ... | 2008 | 18753199 |
| innate immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against primary and secondary infections with yersinia ruckeri o1. | response mechanisms in teleosts against bacterial pathogens have been widely studied following injection procedures applying preparations of killed bacteria. in contrast, investigations on immune reactions in fish which have survived a primary infection and subsequently have been challenged are few or lacking. however, knowledge on these factors during infection and re-infection could provide the basis for development of improved vaccines. the innate immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchu ... | 2009 | 18760303 |
| phenotypic and genotypic analysis of flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from ontario salmonids with bacterial coldwater disease. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. bcwd has a considerable economic impact on aquaculture operations in ontario, canada, and our limited understanding of the population structure and epidemiology of f. psychrophilum isolates is an impediment to the development of improved management strategies. seventy-five 16s rrna gene and gyr polymerase chain reaction positive isolates of f. psychrophilum that had been coll ... | 2008 | 18772924 |
| surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006. | the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ... | 2008 | 18786028 |
| emergence of novel streptococcus iniae exopolysaccharide-producing strains following vaccination with nonproducing strains. | streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal disease among fish species living in very diverse environments. recently, reoccurrences of disease outbreaks were recorded in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) farms where the entire fish population was routinely vaccinated. new strains are distinguished from previous strains by their ability to produce large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide that is released into the medium. present findings indicate that the extr ... | 2008 | 18806000 |
| immune-relevant genes expressed in rainbow trout following immunisation with a live vaccine against ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were immunised by intra-peritoneal injection using a live vaccine based on ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) theronts, which previously has shown protection against white spot disease. samples were taken pre-vaccination and on day 1, 7, 21 and 28 post-immunisation (p.i.). expression of immune relevant genes in the liver, spleen and head kidney was monitored by qpcr. to describe the immune reaction following this immunisation, a series of genes encoding cytokine ... | 2008 | 18814544 |
| semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: part 1 - induction of cyp1a in rainbow trout from contaminants in prince william sound, alaska. | extracts from semi-permeable membrane devices (spmds) deployed on beaches in prince william sound (pws), alaska, were used to evaluate if complex contaminant mixtures from different sources can be distinguished by the resulting cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) activity in exposed test animals. deployment sites included canneries, salmon hatcheries, and beaches where lingering oil remains from discharges during the 1964 earthquake or the 1989 exxon valdez oil spill. other sites were selected at random ... | 2008 | 18845333 |
| liver microsomes and s9 from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): comparison of basal-level enzyme activities with rat and determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in support of bioaccumulation assessment. | metabolism plays an important role in bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in fish. the applicability of trout liver microsomes and s9 fraction in bioaccumulation assessment of xenobiotics in fish was investigated in the present study. basal-level activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase, testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, glutathione-s-transferase, and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase in trout liver microsomes and s9 were significantly lower than those in rat liver microsomes and s9. the ... | 2009 | 18937539 |
| a new real time pcr-based assay for diagnosing renibacterium salmoninarum in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and comparison with other techniques. | bacterial kidney disease of salmonid is caused by a slow-growing gram-positive bacterium, renibacterium salmoninarum. this bacterium lives both extra-cellular and intra-cellular in the host. serological and molecular diagnostic methods to detect the bacterium major surface protein antigen p57 have been developed. in the present work, a newly developed quantitative reverse transcriptase-pcr (rt-qpcr), using self-quenched fluorescent primer (lux), a nested pcr (npcr), a commercial elisa and recent ... | 2009 | 18938198 |
| potential for dissemination of the nonnative salmonid parasite myxobolus cerebralis in alaska. | myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite responsible for whirling disease in salmonids, was first introduced into the united states in 1958 and has since spread across the country, causing severe declines in wild trout populations in the intermountain western united states. the recent detection of the parasite in alaska is further evidence of the species' capability to invade and colonize new habitat. this study qualitatively assesses the risk of further spread and establishment of m. cerebra ... | 2008 | 18942590 |
| in silico identification and molecular characterization of genes predominantly expressed in the fish oocyte. | in fish, molecular mechanisms that control follicle-enclosed oocyte progression throughout oogenesis and oocyte developmental competence acquisition remain poorly understood. existing data in mammals have indicated that the so called "oocyte-specific" genes play an important role in oogenesis, fertilization, and early embryo development. in teleost species, very little is known about "oocyte-specific" genes. the present study therefore aimed at identifying and characterizing oocyte-specific gene ... | 2008 | 18947432 |
| expression profiles of cytokines released in intestinal epithelial cells of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, in response to bacterial infection. | to determine whether fish intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) contribute to mucosal immunity, we established a method for isolating iecs from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and examined cytokine production in these cells. components of the intestinal epithelium were released by incubation of intestinal pieces with 1mm dithiothreitol (dtt)/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (edta). the iec-rich fraction (purity >90%; survival rate approximately 95%) was obtained by centrifugation on a 35%/40% ... | 2009 | 18952122 |
| changes induced by dietary energy intake and divergent selection for muscle fat content in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), assessed by transcriptome and proteome analysis of the liver. | growing interest is turned to fat storage levels and allocation within body compartments, due to their impact on human health and quality properties of farm animals. energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of fattening in most animals, including humans. previous studies have evidenced that fat deposition depends upon balance between various metabolic pathways. using divergent selection, we obtained rainbow trout with differences in fat allocation between visceral adipose tiss ... | 2008 | 18959775 |
| effects of atrazine on hepatic metabolism and endocrine homeostasis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the herbicide atrazine (atz) is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world and is now under scrutiny for its alleged capacity to disrupt the endocrine system. exhibiting negligible interaction with the estrogen receptor (er), atz's mode of action remains to be elucidated. atz may act as an inducer of the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, although other mechanisms should also be taken into consideration such as impairment of hepatic metabolism. therefore we adminis ... | 2009 | 18973769 |
| the gyrodactylidae fauna of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum 1792 in the rogg breeding pound in bavaria, germany. | in july 2005, 107 rainbow trout in age 1+ from a salmonid farm in southern germany situated in the southern tributary area of the danube river were examined. the aim of this study was to determine the gyrodactylid species found on rainbow trout and to identify their location on the host's body. in total, 291 specimens from genus gyrodactylus were collected. the most abundantly occurring species was gyrodactylus truttae (181 specimens), whilst the others were less abundant. for the first time in ... | 2009 | 18975000 |
| transcription of immune genes upon challenge with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in dna vaccinated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | even though dna vaccination has proven as one of the most effective methods in controlling fish rhabdoviruses, the immune mechanisms responsible for protection are still unknown. many studies have focused on studying which cytokines and immune genes are triggered in response to the vaccine at different times post-vaccination. however, to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for protection, to our understanding it is also of great relevance to study the immune response to the virus in fish that ... | 2009 | 18977266 |
| detection and genotyping of an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from asymptomatic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) facilities in mexico. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) is a birnavirus that causes a lethal disease in both hatchery-reared juvenile salmonids and other non-salmonid fishes. ipnv has been classified into seven genogroups based on the analysis of the vp2/ns junction region of the viral a rna segment. | 2008 | 18987484 |
| cr3 complement receptor: cloning and characterization in rainbow trout. | the beta 2 integrin cr3 is a leukocyte adhesion heterodimeric glycoprotein which functions both as receptor for ic3b and in several cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion interactions. in order to elucidate the molecular evolution of the cr3 receptor, here we report the cloning and characterization of its beta2 (cd18) and am (cd11b) subunits in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the predicted polypeptide sequences of trout cd18 and cd11b-like exhibit 50, 49, or 61% and 25, 25, or 30% identity w ... | 2009 | 18992821 |
| characterisation of the differentially regulated trout protein 1 (drtp1) gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | increased levels of differentially regulated trout protein 1 (drtp1) mrna transcripts have been reported in fish after activation of the acute phase response. while the function of the drtp1 protein still remains to be elucidated, this study focused on the genomic organisation of the gene, the quantification of the drtp1 transcript in various tissues, and the isolation and analysis of the 5' regulatory region of the drtp1 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). analysis of the drtp1 genomic ... | 2009 | 18992823 |
| characterization of rainbow trout cell lines using microsatellite dna profiling. | ten microsatellite loci (omy27du,omy325(a3)uog, omyfgt5tuf,omyfgt14tuf, omyfgt15tuf,omyfgt23tuf, omy77du,ssa20.19nuig, ots1bml, andone18asc) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction to create genetic profiles for nine cell lines (rtg-2, rth-149,rtl-w1,rtgill-w1, rts-11, rts-34st, rtp-2, rtp-91e and rtp-91f) from rainbow trout(oncorhynchus mykiss) and one cell line (chse-214) from chinook salmon (o. tschawytscha). a cell line (phl) from anon-salmonid, the pacific herring (clupea harengu ... | 2001 | 19002917 |
| modulation of splenic immune responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fed lentinan, a beta-glucan from mushroom lentinula edodes. | immunostimulants (is) are considered a promising approach for improving resistance to pathogens in fish aquaculture. at present, development of is are complicated due to limited knowledge on the mechanisms of their action. to assess the use of global gene expression analysis for screening of candidate is we applied lentinan, a beta-glucan from the mushroom lentinula edodes, as a model. after feeding rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with lentinan-supplemented (l) and control (c) diets for 37 d ... | 2009 | 19010422 |
| seasonality of gyrodactylus brachymystacis ergens on farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in central china, with a report of an infection on wild manchurian trout, brachymystax lenok (pallas). | | 2008 | 19017070 |
| serum disposition of bovine lactoferrin after oral and anal administration and its proteolytic cleavage by gastric transit in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w.). | several studies have shown an immunomodulatory effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin (lf) in fish, but the process of digestion was not characterized. in the present study, we investigated the fate of bovine lf after oral and anal administration, and studied the appearance of intact lf in the bloodstream and its proteolytic attack during the gastric transit in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 9 degrees c and 18 degrees c. data obtained showed the presence of intact bovine l ... | 2009 | 19028427 |
| rainbow trout resistance to bacterial cold-water disease is moderately heritable and is not adversely correlated with growth. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the heritabilities for and genetic correlations among resistance to bacterial cold-water disease and growth traits in a population of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). bacterial cold-water disease, a chronic disease of rainbow trout, is caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum. this bacterium also causes acute losses in young fish, known as rainbow trout fry syndrome. selective breeding for increased disease resistance is a promising strategy that h ... | 2009 | 19028851 |
| immunohistochemical localization of rainbow trout ladderlectin and intelectin in healthy and infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in the present study, the pattern of immuno-reactive ladderlectin and intelectin in healthy rainbow trout is compared to rainbow trout infected with a variety of infectious agents. in healthy rainbow trout, both proteins were localized to individual epithelial cells of the gill and intestine and both proteins were clearly demonstrated within cytoplasmic granules of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages/monocytes found in blood vessels, hepatic sinusoids, renal interstitium, mucosal epithe ... | 2009 | 19046637 |
| aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17{alpha}-ethynylestradiol. | environmental contaminants that mimic native estrogens (i.e., environmental estrogens) are known to significantly impact a wide range of vertebrate species and have been implicated as a source for increasing human male reproductive deficiencies and diseases. despite the widespread occurrence of environmental estrogens and recognized detrimental effects on male vertebrate reproduction, no specific mechanism has been determined indicating how reduced fertility and/or fecundity is achieved. previou ... | 2008 | 19066213 |
| growth of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w. 1792) in net cages in almus dam lake (tokat). | the growth performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (initial weight 100 g) were tried in net cages in almus dam lake in tokat. rainbow trout were tried in net cages with 4 kg m(-3) stocking rearing density with four replicates. rainbow trout were fed adlibitum with pellet feed numbered 4. investigation was continued 106 days between august and november, 2003. at the end of the trial live weight increment was computed as 165,91 g and also specific growth rate 0,915, condition factor 1,5 ... | 2007 | 19069899 |
| microbiological changes occurring in trout fillets (oncorhynchus mykiss w. 1792) salted and treated with potassium sorbate during production and storage. | in this study, microbiological changes during processing and storage of salted-cured trout fillets treated with potassium sorbate were investigated. for this purpose, 10 and 15% (w/w) nacl and 1, 5 and 10% (w/v) potassium sorbate were applied to the fillets. the processed fillets were vacuum-packed and storage at 4 degrees c. the samples were analyzed in some periods of production and in the storage days of 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 for numbers of total mesophilic aerob, psycrophylic, yeast a ... | 2007 | 19070084 |
| vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) in turkey. | vibrio anguillarum o1 was isolated from diseased cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, in the southern aegean of turkey with lesions and signs of vibriosis. gram (-), motile and curved rods from diseased rainbow trout were identified after physiological, biochemical and slide agglutination tests as v. anguillarum o1. koch postulates were fulfilled with the isolated bacteria. the antibiotic susceptible test results showed that v. anguillarum strains were susceptibility to amoxycillin, ampyc ... | 2007 | 19086527 |
| genetic characterisation of farmed rainbow trout in norway: intra- and inter-strain variation reveals potential for identification of escapees. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, and norway is one of the largest producers. the present study was initiated in response to a request from the norwegian police authority to identify the farm of origin for 35 escaped rainbow trout captured in a fjord. eleven samples, each consisting of approximately 47 fish, were collected from the three farms operating in the fjord where the escapees were captured. in order to gain a better ge ... | 2008 | 19087266 |
| evaluation of oxidative dna damage promoted by storage in sperm from sex-reversed rainbow trout. | short-term storage and cryopreservation of sperm are two common procedures in aquaculture, used for routine practices in artificial insemination reproduction and gene banking, respectively. nevertheless, both procedures cause injuries affecting sperm motility, viability, cell structure and dna stability, which diminish reproductive success. dna modification is considered extremely important, especially when sperm storage is carried out with gene banking purposes. dna damage caused by sperm stora ... | 2009 | 19117601 |
| dual dna vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against two different rhabdoviruses, vhsv and ihnv, induces specific divalent protection. | dna vaccines encoding the glycoprotein genes of the salmonid rhabdoviruses vhsv and ihnv are very efficient in eliciting protective immune responses against their respective diseases in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the early anti-viral response (eavr) provides protection by 4 days post vaccination and is non-specific and transient while the specific anti-viral response (savr) is long lasting and highly specific. since both vhsv and ihnv are endemic in rainbow trout in several geographica ... | 2009 | 19118593 |
| molecular and morphological analysis of myxobolus spp. of salmonid fishes with the description of a new myxobolus species. | while investigating the parasite fauna of wild coho salmon. oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum, 1792), histological examination provided evidence of a new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting nerves of skeletal muscle. spores were morphologically similar to those of the intramuscular myxobolus insidiosus wyatt and pratt, 1963, both having pyriform spores with clavate polar capsules. however, the former developed exclusively in the nerves of skeletal muscle rather than in myocytes. we ... | 2008 | 19127969 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and ultra-low dose cancer studies. | cancer risk assessment utilizing rodents requires extrapolation across five orders of magnitude to estimate the virtually safe dose (vsd). regulatory agencies rely upon the linear extrapolated dose (led) except when sufficient information on mechanism of action justifies alternative models. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been utilized at oregon state university as a model for human cancer for forty years. low cost and high capacity, made possible by our unique facility, along with low s ... | 2009 | 19135172 |
| real-time pcr detection of moritella viscosa, the likely causal agent of winter-ulcer in atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the development of a real-time pcr protocol for specific detection of moritella viscosa. this bacterium is considered to be the main aetiological agent in development of winter-ulcer, a disease severely affecting salmonid aquaculture in norway. from a newly elaborated draft version of the genome of m. viscosa, the tonb gene sequence was selected as a suitable basis for the development of the real-time pcr assay. the real-time pcr demonstrated the presence of m. viscosa dna sequences in ... | 2008 | 19149373 |
| strawberry disease lesions in rainbow trout from southern idaho are associated with dna from a rickettsia-like organism. | strawberry disease (sd) in the usa is a skin disorder of unknown etiology that occurs in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and is characterized by bright red inflammatory lesions. to identify a candidate bacterial agent responsible for sd, we constructed 16s rdna libraries from 7 sd lesion samples and 2 apparently healthy skin samples from sd-affected fish. a 16s rdna sequence highly similar to members of the order rickettsiales was present in 3 lesion libraries at 1%, 32% and 54% prevalence, bu ... | 2008 | 19149374 |
| microhabitat selection of discocotyle sagittata (monogenea: polyopisthocotylea) in farmed rainbow trout. | microhabitat preference of the monogenean discocotyle sagittata (leuckart, 1842) was determined in late spring and late autumn in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), reared in the isle of man, u.k. discocotyle sagittata exhibits a preference for attachment to anterior gill arches: 29% of all worms occurred on gill arch i, 28% on ii, 25% on iii and 18% on iv. this distribution pattern on the introduced salmonid species is the same as reported for its native european host, the brown trou ... | 2008 | 19175205 |
| kinetics of hepatic phase i and ii biotransformation reactions in eight finfish species. | hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic salmon (salmo salar), red tilapia (oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (micropterussalmoides), striped bass (morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (m. saxatilis x m. crysops), and bluegill (lepomis macrochuris) (n=8) were used to study the kinetics of phase i (ecod, erod, prod, brod) and phase ii (udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt)-, sulfotransferase (st)- and glutathione-s-tra ... | 2009 | 19201019 |
| immunotoxicological effects of a sub-chronic exposure to selected current-use pesticides in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | many current-use pesticides (cups) are found at increasing concentrations in aquatic environments, yet relatively little is known about their effects on the immune system of fish. we examined the in vivo effects of three pesticides (chlorothalonil, cypermethrin and pentachlorophenol) on the immune system of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by assessing a suite of innate immune function tests, as well as a host resistance test using listonella anguillarum. increased activity of phagoc ... | 2009 | 19237205 |
| water recirculation and good management: potential methods to avoid disease outbreaks with flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum infections cause high mortality among rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, fry in danish fish farms and hatcheries. hatcheries based entirely on bore-hole water recirculation systems have been suggested as a possibility for eliminating f. psychrophilum or at least keeping the amount of this bacterium low. the occurrence of the bacterium in a bore-hole water recirculation system was compared with a combined bore-hole water and stream water flow-through system in a hatc ... | 2008 | 19238756 |
| cultural characteristics of salmonid alphaviruses--influence of cell line and temperature. | laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the cultural characteristics of salmonid alphaviruses (sav) from atlantic salmon (as, salmo salar) and rainbow trout (rt, oncorhynchus mykiss), particularly in relation to cell line and temperature. in an initial study, sav was isolated from 12 viraemic sera and passaged in chinook salmon embryo (chse-214) cells at 15 degrees c. geometric mean titres (gmt) after initial isolation were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) relative to those ... | 2008 | 19238759 |
| experimental infection and detection of aphanomyces invadans in european catfish, rainbow trout and european eel. | european catfish silurus glanis, european eel anguilla anguilla and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were challenged by intramuscular injection of zoospores of aphanomyces invadans, the oomycete associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus). the tropical three-spot gourami trichogaster trichopterus is known to be highly susceptible and was used as a positive control. european catfish were highly susceptible and rainbow trout had moderate to low susceptibility, whereas eels appeared largel ... | 2008 | 19244971 |
| experiences from a biomarker study on farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) used for environmental monitoring in a swedish river. | biomarkers in fish may serve as a useful tool for evaluating the pollution load in the environment and for early warning signals about new environmental threats. by employing a strategy with fish that are caged or reared in tanks, problems linked to migration and feeding status can be reduced or eliminated. such a strategy, however, also may introduce other confounding factors linked to, for example, hierarchical behavior or disease outbreaks. in the present study, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus my ... | 2009 | 19249877 |
| continuous exposure to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus during early life stages of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), were exposed continuously to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) at 0, 10(1), 10(3) or 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) l(-1) of water to estimate the effects of chronic ipnv exposure on early life stages. fish density averaged 35 fish l(-1) (low density) or 140 fish l(-1) (high density), and the tank flow rate was 250 ml(-1) min. virus exposure began at 6 days before hatch and continued until fish were 44 days old. cumulative per cent mortal ... | 2009 | 19261044 |
| antibody response of rainbow trout with single or double infections involving viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. | juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were experimentally infected by immersion with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) or with both viruses. the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the sera of infected fish were analysed by 50% plaque neutralization tests (50%pnt). in group 1 (infected with vhsv) and group 2 (infected with ihnv) neutralizing antibodies were found in 41% and 21% of the serum samples, respectively. no cross-reactin ... | 2009 | 19301633 |
| transmission of the parasite ichthyophonus hoferi in cultured rainbow trout and comparison of epidemic models. | the epidemic process of the parasite ichthyophonus hoferi in cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was quantitatively estimated by both the cohabitation experiment and two standard models (the kermarck-mckendrick model and the reed-frost model). for analysis of the parasite transmission by cohabitation, fish in two replicate tanks were exposed to 1, 5, or 10 infected fish, and daily mortality was counted for 102 d. despite simple experiments for artificial exposure to the pathogen, the dail ... | 2008 | 19306610 |
| comparison of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility in flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from rainbow trout fry. | the aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in the west aegean region of turkey and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of f. psychrophilum (isolated from the fry of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss) to seven antimicrobial agents, as determined by the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. a total of 250 rainbow trout fry (weight = 2-5 g; total length = 3-6 cm) were examined, and 20 bacterial isolates were phenotypically identified. antimicrobial ... | 2008 | 19306614 |
| first description of a novel weissella species as an opportunistic pathogen for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) in china. | six strains of gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, irregular short rod-shaped weissella bacteria, with width and length of 0.5-0.6 and 1.2-2.7microm were isolated from diseased rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) in winter of 2007 at a commercial fishery in jingmen, hubei province, china. the diseased rainbow trout exhibited hemorrhage in eyes, anal region, intestine and abdomen wall, petechia of liver, some fish with hydrocele in stomach. six isolates had identical biochemical ... | 2009 | 19321272 |
| hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild. | human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. how hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. this is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has often created hybrid swarms over extensive geographical areas resulting in genomic extinction. here, we used parenta ... | 2009 | 19324629 |
| protection of rainbow trout from infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) by injection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) or poly(i:c). | it was recently reported that prophylaxis against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in fish was induced by pre-exposure to the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). here the establishment of ihnv immunity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated by ihnv challenge following non-lethal pre-infection with ipnv. also, synthetic double-stranded rna polyinosinic polycytidylic acid, poly(i:c), an inducer for interferon (ifn), was evaluated as a substitute for ipnv induc ... | 2009 | 19326791 |
| the efficacy of two immunostimulants against flavobacterium columnare infection in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | bacterium flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in many wild and farmed fish species. immunostimulants are used with success in aquaculture against many pathogens, but the ability to improve innate resistance to columnaris disease has not been studied. fingerling rainbow trout were treated with two immunostimulants, yeast beta-glucan and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb). selected innate immune function parameters, the production of reactive oxygen species (r ... | 2009 | 19344871 |
| ghrelin receptor (ghs-r)-like receptor and its genomic organisation in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | ghrelin, a gh-releasing and appetite-regulating peptide that is released from the stomach is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue-receptor (ghs-r). two types of ghs-r are accepted to be present, a functional ghs-r1a and ghs-r1b with unknown function. in this study, we identified cdna that encodes protein with close sequence similarity to ghs-r and exon-intron organization of the ghs-r genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. two variants of ghs-r1a proteins with 387-amino aci ... | 2009 | 19361568 |
| bioavailability of co-supplemented organic and inorganic zinc and selenium sources in a white fishmeal-based rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) diet. | the bioavailability of trace elements in fishmeal diets is influenced by their chemical forms and dietary anti-nutritional factors. in formulated fish feed, supplemented organically bound minerals may be more bioavailable than inorganic minerals. a 10-week feeding trial was undertaken with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine whether the inclusion of organically bound selenium (se) and zinc (zn) improved uptake and assimilation of these elements compared to commonly used inorganic fo ... | 2010 | 19364381 |
| photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an emerging pathogen in danish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), mariculture. | a selection of 16 field isolates of photobacterium damselae from marine rainbow trout farms in denmark was subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization and pathogenicity to fish. all isolates belonged to the subspecies damselae, being positive for haemolysis, motility and urease. there were considerable differences in haemolytic properties, some isolates presenting a broad zone of haemolysis and others only a narrow zone. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a high diversity indic ... | 2009 | 19364386 |
| cloning and characterization of the trout perforin. | the pore-forming protein, perforin is one of the effectors of cell-mediated killing. a perforin cdna clone was isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after screening of a spleen cdna library. the full-length cdna is 2070 bp in size, encoding for a polypeptide of 589 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence of the trout perforin is 64, 58 and 40% identical to those of japanese flounder, zebrafish and human perforins, respectively. although its membrane attack complex/perforin (ma ... | 2009 | 19366634 |
| molecular cloning, tissue expression and regulation of liver x receptor (lxr) transcription factors of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | fish are important sources of high quality protein, essential minerals such as iodine and selenium, vitamins including a, d and e, and omega-3 fatty acids in the human diet. with declining fisheries worldwide, farmed fish constitute an ever-increasing proportion of fish in the food basket. sustainable development of aquaculture dictates that diets will have to contain increasing levels of plant products that are devoid of cholesterol, but contain phytosterols that are known to have physiological ... | 2009 | 19416695 |
| identification and expression analysis of two fish-specific il-6 cytokine family members, the ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf)-like and m17 genes, in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the mammalian interleukin (il)-6 family of cytokines consist of eight class-i helical cytokines and are major players in hematopoiesis, as well as in neuroendocrine and immune systems, and have pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. we have identified a novel fish cntf-like molecule, for the first time, as well as the trout m17 gene. the trout cntf-like gene encodes a putative 191 amino acid peptide without a signal peptide, and shares high amino acid sequence identities (39-99%) within the fish ... | 2009 | 19419770 |
| risk factors for pancreas disease (pd) outbreaks in farmed atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in norway during 2003-2007. | pancreas disease (pd) is an emerging infectious disease in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) caused by salmonid alphavirus (sav). the present study is a large scale study aiming at quantifying the probability of contracting pd in farmed salmonid cohorts in norway due to exposure to risk factors that may be associated with specific transmission pathways for sav, or may increase a cohort's susceptibility to pd. monthly reports of numbers of fis ... | 2009 | 19419787 |
| the protective mechanisms induced by a fish rhabdovirus dna vaccine depend on temperature. | dna vaccines encoding the viral glycoproteins of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) have proved highly efficient in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) under experimental conditions. non-specific as well as specific immune mechanisms seem to be activated. temperature is an important external parameter affecting the immune response in fish. the present study aimed at determining the effectiveness of a dna vaccine against vhs at differen ... | 2009 | 19427083 |
| agglomeration of tungsten carbide nanoparticles in exposure medium does not prevent uptake and toxicity toward a rainbow trout gill cell line. | due to their increased production and use, engineered nanoparticles are expected to be released into the aquatic environment where particles may agglomerate. the aim of this study was to explore the role of agglomeration of nanoparticles in the uptake and expression of toxicity in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cell line, rtgill-w1. this cell line was chosen as model because it is known to be amenable to culture in complete as well as greatly simplified exposure media. nano-sized t ... | 2009 | 19439373 |
| host immunization shapes interspecific associations in trematode parasites. | 1. individuals of free-living organisms are commonly infected by multiple parasite species. under such circumstances, positive or negative associations between the species are possible because of direct or indirect interactions, details in parasite transmission ecology and host-mediated factors. one possible mechanism underlying these processes is host immunity, but its role in shaping these associations has rarely been tackled experimentally. 2. in this study, we tested the effect of host immun ... | 2009 | 19457020 |
| detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), using the macrophage lysis method. | | 2009 | 19460083 |
| vaccination of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with recombinant and dna vaccines produced to flavobacterium psychrophilum heat shock proteins 60 and 70. | flavobacterium psychrophilum heat shock proteins (hsp) 60 and 70 are highly immunogenic and were therefore investigated as potential vaccine candidates. recombinant hsps were purified from escherichia coli and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate buffered saline/freunds complete adjuvant (fca), 8 microg of rhsp60/fca, rhsp70/fca or a combination of 4 microg each of rhsp60 and rhsp70/fca. antibody responses against recombinant hsp60 and hsp70 8 weeks ... | 2009 | 19460087 |
| effects of temperature on ventilatory behavior of fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos. | the ventilation amplitude and frequency of silver perch bidyanus bidyanus, and the ventilation frequency of rainbow fish melanotaenia duboulayi and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, were determined at different temperatures upon exposure to endosulfan and chlorpyrifos, respectively. silver perch and rainbow fish were tested at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c, while rainbow trout was tested at 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees c. although some trend of increasing amplitudes with increasing temperature ... | 2009 | 19473050 |
| differential virulence mechanisms of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) include host entry and virus replication kinetics. | host specificity is a phenomenon exhibited by all viruses. for the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), differential specificity of virus strains from the u and m genogroups has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), m ihnv strains are consistently more prevalent and more virulent than u ihnv. the basis of the differential ability of these two ihnv genogroups to cause disease in rainbow trout was inve ... | 2009 | 19474249 |
| overexpression of follistatin in trout stimulates increased muscling. | deletion or inhibition of myostatin in mammals has been demonstrated to markedly increase muscle mass by hyperplasia, hypertrophy, or a combination of both. despite a remarkably high degree of conservation with the mammalian protein, the function of myostatin remains unknown in fish, many species of which continue muscle growth throughout the lifecycle by hyperplasia. transgenic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) overexpressing follistatin, one of the more efficacious antagonists of myostatin, ... | 2009 | 19474387 |
| soybean meal alters autochthonous microbial populations, microvilli morphology and compromises intestinal enterocyte integrity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | abstract rainbow trout were fed either a diet containing fishmeal (fm) as the crude protein source or a diet containing 50% replacement with soybean meal (sbm) for 16 weeks. an enteritis-like effect was observed in the sbm group; villi, enterocytes and microvilli were noticeably damaged compared with the fm group. the posterior intestine microvilli of sbm-fed fish were significantly shorter and the anterior intestine microvilli significantly less dense than the fm-fed fish. electron microscopy c ... | 2009 | 19490393 |
| immunostimulants in prevention of columnaris disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | | 2009 | 19508505 |
| uptake of propranolol, a cardiovascular pharmaceutical, from water into fish plasma and its effects on growth and organ biometry. | pharmaceuticals in the environment (pie) are of importance since these compounds are designed to affect biological receptors/enzymes that are often conserved across vertebrate families. across-species extrapolation of these therapeutic targets suggests potential for impacting amphibia and fish in the aquatic environment. due to the scarcity of relevant ecotoxicological data, the long-tem impact of pie remains a research question. efficient use of mammalian data has been proposed to better unders ... | 2009 | 19515433 |
| epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus--an assessment of the likelihood of introduction and establishment in england and wales. | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is an iridovirus that affects perch (perca fluviatilis) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). it emerged in australia in the 1980s and has not been discovered elsewhere. it causes a high level of mortality in perch resulting in steep population declines. the main possible routes of introduction of the virus to england and wales are the importation of infected live fish or carcasses. however, no trade in live susceptible species is permitted under ... | 2009 | 19515438 |
| idiopathic cardiac pathology in seawater-farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | | 2009 | 19531094 |
| conservation of structural and functional features in a primordial cd80/86 molecule from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a primitive teleost fish. | in mammals, interaction of cd28 with cd80 or cd86 molecules provides costimulatory signals for t cell activation that leads to increased il-2 gene and protein expression by activated t cells. thus far, cd80 and cd86 have been cloned and functionally characterized only in mammals and birds. to shed light into the evolution of cd80 and cd86, we have cloned and functionally characterized a rainbow trout (rt) molecule (rtcd80/86) that shows the highest degree of sequence conservation and phylogeneti ... | 2009 | 19535623 |
| rainbow trout interleukin-2: cloning, expression and bioactivity analysis. | in this study the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-2 (il-2) cdna has been cloned, and its expression and bioactivity analysed in head kidney leucocytes. the il-2 precursor encoded an open reading frame of 429 bp, that translates into a predicted protein of 142 aa, with a 20 aa signal peptide. the trout il-2 had moderate protein homology (30.9% identity/48.3% similarity) with fugu il-2, the only il-2 homologue identified in fish to date, with lower homology to avian (17.8% identity ... | 2009 | 19540920 |
| characterization of probiotic carnobacteria isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine. | to characterize two probiotic carnobacterial isolates, carnobacterium maltaromaticum (b26) and c. divergens (b33), derived from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine. | 2008 | 19552776 |
| influence of probiotic feeding duration on disease resistance and immune parameters in rainbow trout. | the effect of feeding the probiotic kocuria sm1 to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) on disease resistance was evaluated. thus, rainbow trout were fed kocuria sm1 supplemented diets at concentrations of approximately 10(8) cells g(-1) feed for up to four weeks, and then challenged intraperitoneally with vibrio anguillarum at weekly intervals. a two-week feeding regime led to the maximum reduction in mortalities, i.e. 16%, compared to mortalities of 62, 30 and 22% for one, three and fo ... | 2009 | 19555765 |
| route of entry and tissue distribution of yersinia ruckeri in experimentally infected rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease, which leads to significant losses in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. despite the significance of the disease, little information is available on the pathogenesis. in this study, the portal of entry was investigated using a contact-exposure infection method in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with 4 different y. ruckeri strains. bacteriological and histological examination revealed the presence of high numbers of bacteria in th ... | 2009 | 19565699 |
| gross pathology, blood chemistry, lipid and peroxide contents in rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) affected by experimental arcobacter cryaerophilus infection at low water temperature. | arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection using healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout under cold-water conditions (at 5 degrees c). the lethal dosage of 50% end point (ld 50 ) for a. cryaerophilus was calculated as 7.79 x 10 5 viable cells. experimental infection caused gross clinical abnormalities such as fallen scales, exophthalmia, oedema in injection region and at the base ... | 2009 | 19584043 |
| identification and pathogenicity to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), of some aeromonads. | twelve strains of fish pathogenic aeromonads were identified by 16s rrna sequencing as aeromonas bestiarum, a. hydrophila, a. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a. sobria biovar sobria and a. veronii biovar sobria. following intramuscular injection, a. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis caused dark liquefying, raised furuncle-like lesions in rainbow trout within 48 h. extracellular products of all cultures contained gelatinase and lecithinase, and most revealed lipase. cong ... | 2009 | 19602093 |
| dietary mannan oligosaccharide supplementation modulates intestinal microbial ecology and improves gut morphology of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | a study was conducted to investigate the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (mos) on the gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout under commercial farming conditions. juvenile (mean initial bw 38.2 +/- 1.7 g) and subadult (111.7 +/- 11.6 g) trout were fed 2 dietary treatments for 111 and 58 d, respectively. the control treatment consisted of a standard commercial diet, and the mos treatment consisted of the control diet supplemented with 0.2% mos. morphology of the anterior and th ... | 2009 | 19617514 |
| the intercellular organization of the two muscular systems in the adult salmonid heart, the compact and the spongy myocardium. | the ventricle of the salmonid heart consists of an outer compact layer of circumferentially arranged cardiomyocytes encasing a spongy myocardium that spans the lumen of the ventricle with a fine arrangement of muscular trabeculae. while many studies have detailed the anatomical structure of fish hearts, few have considered how these two cardiac muscle architectures are attached to form a functional working unit. the present study considers how the spindle-like cardiomyocytes, unlike the more rec ... | 2009 | 19627390 |
| langerin/cd207 positive dendritic-like cells in the haemopoietic tissues of salmonids. | the presence of dendritic cells in fish is studied with immunohistochemistry using a commercially available antibody developed against langerin/cd207 present in human langerhans cells. langerin/cd207, a protein known to be associated with the development of birbeck granules in human and murine systems, was found to be expressed within the cytoplasm of spleen and head kidney cells of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). reactivity was also observed within a few n ... | 2009 | 19630133 |
| selenite causes cytotoxicity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes by inducing oxidative stress. | selenium is an essential micronutrient to freshwater fish, but can be very toxic at slightly above the threshold level. the liver is known to be the major site of selenium accumulation and metabolism in fish. recent evidence from mammalian systems suggests that oxidative damage is an important mechanism of selenium toxicity; however this phenomenon has not been investigated in-depth in fish, either in vivo or in vitro. therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether selenium (as ... | 2009 | 19651203 |
| use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an immunostimulant for the control of aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) for the prevention of infection by aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) fingerlings. | 2010 | 19674184 |
| comparison of the susceptibility of brown trout (salmo trutta) and four rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strains to the myxozoan tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd). | differences in susceptibility to the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), between four strains of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were evaluated. fish were exposed to water enzootic for the parasite in the field for 5 days and were subsequently transferred to the laboratory. relative parasite load was determined after 2, 3 and 4 weeks post-exposure (wpe) by quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) ... | 2009 | 19683396 |
| outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) in seawater-farmed rainbow trout in norway caused by vhs virus genotype iii. | we describe the finding of a novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genotype iii strain that caused disease of both a neurological and septicaemic nature in seawater-farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in storfjorden, norway. in november 2007, an outbreak of vhs associated with slightly elevated mortality was confirmed at a seawater site rearing rainbow trout (90 to 440 g). within 3 to 4 mo, the disease was recognised in 3 neighbouring sea sites with ongrowing rainbow trout. the ... | 2009 | 19694169 |
| chemokine transcription in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is differently modulated in response to viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). | chemokines not only act as chemoattractants for immune cells, but also exert immunomodulatory actions, thus modulating the immune functions of their target cells. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), twenty-four chemokines have been identified to date. even though their sequences have been reported, their biological role has been scarcely elucidated and the role that these chemokines have on the antiviral response in fish has been poorly studied. in this sense, in the current work, we have de ... | 2009 | 19699800 |
| the first report of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (platyhelminthes, monogenea) on italian cultured stocks of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 is considered one of the most important parasites of wild salmonids in the european community due to the heavy ecological and economical damage it has inflicted on atlantic salmon (salmo salar) parr populations. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is susceptible to g. salaris and can act as a suitable carrier host and, consequently, its trade in eu territory is restricted in relation to the status of "recognized free" zones. despite the economic ... | 2009 | 19700245 |
| challenge studies of european stocks of redfin perch, perca fluviatilis l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus. | a challenge model for comparison of the virulence of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) to european stocks of redfin perch, perca fluviatilis l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was tested. the model investigated intraperitoneal (ip), bath and cohabitation routes at 10, 15 and 20 degrees c for 5-6 g fish and 15 degrees c for 20 g perch. in the ip challenges of perch, significant mortality occurred at 15 degrees c and 20 degrees c. in challenge trials for rainbow tro ... | 2009 | 19702625 |
| efficiency of hemoglobin from rainbow trout, cod, and herring in promotion of hydroperoxide-derived free radicals. | hemoglobin (hb) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic cod (gadus morhua), and herring (clupea harengus) were evaluated in terms of capacity to generate hydroperoxide-derived free radicals in aqueous solution at ph 6.8. cumene hydroperoxide (cumooh) was used as a model for preformed lipid hydroperoxides, and free radicals were monitored by stabilizing with the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone (pobn) and further detection by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. ... | 2009 | 19705833 |
| effects of insulin-like growth factor-i on non-specific immune functions in rainbow trout. | in-vitro effects of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) on superoxide production in phagocytic head kidney leucocytes (hkl) and in-vivo effects on plasma lysozyme levels were examined in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in-vitro administration of salmon igf-i (sigf-i), human igf-i, and human igf-ii increased superoxide production in zymosan-stimulated hkl. a significant effect of sigf-i on superoxide production in hkl was observed from 0.1 to 100 nm, and was equipotent to that of salmon ... | 2009 | 19715503 |
| an experimental vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | a candidate vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was developed using a bacterial lysate. to test the strength of protection, a. hydrophila challenge models were compared using injection into both the intraperitoneal (ip) cavity and the dorsal sinus (ds) with selected doses of live bacteria washed in saline or left untreated. unlike the ip route, injection into the ds with either saline washed or unwashed cells resulted in consistent cumulative mortality and ... | 2010 | 19732266 |
| enteric co-innervation of esophageal striated muscle fibers: a phylogenetic study. | enteric co-innervation of striated muscle fibers in the esophagus occurs in several mammalian species including humans. however, the functional significance is still unknown. phylogenetic data may be instrumental in gaining further insight. we examined the bat glossophaga soricina and the shrew suncus murinus as representatives for phylogenetically old mammals. as ruminants the antelope tragelaphus imberbis, the he-goat capra falconeri and the sheep ovis aries were selected. as non-mammals the c ... | 2009 | 19748835 |
| cloning of a novel interleukin (il)-20-like gene in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss gives an insight into the evolution of the il-10 family. | a novel il-20-like (il-20l) gene has been analyzed in rainbow trout. it has a six exon/five intron gene organisation and is translated into 181 amino acids (aa) with a signal peptide of 25aa and a mature peptide of 156aa. the trout il-20l translation shares highest identities to other il-20l molecules from fish and to il-20 in mammals. phylogenetic analysis showed that the fish il-20l molecules form an independent clade but cluster with the group containing the il-19, il-20 and il-24 molecules f ... | 2010 | 19755128 |
| modulation of antioxidant defence system in brain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after chronic carbamazepine treatment. | we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to cbz on the antioxidant system in brain tissue of rainbow trout. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cbz (1.0 microg/l, 0.2mg/l or 2.0mg/l) for 7, 21, and 42 days. oxidative stress indices (lpo and cp) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (sod, cat, gpx and gr) in fish brain were measured. in addition, non-enzymatic antioxidant (gsh) was determined after 42 days exposure. carbamazepine exposure at 0.2mg/l led to significant increas ... | 2010 | 19778632 |
| molecular analysis of intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to evaluate different molecular tools based on the 16s rrna gene, internal transcribed spacer, and the rpob gene to examine the bacterial populations present in juvenile rainbow trout intestines. dna was extracted from both pooled intestinal samples and bacterial strains. genes were pcr-amplified and analysed using both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. because of the high cultivability of the ... | 2010 | 19780831 |
| identification, characterization and genetic mapping of tlr7, tlr8a1 and tlr8a2 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense but there is limited understanding of how teleost fish recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlr) 7 and 8 bind single-stranded rna of viral origin and are activated by synthetic anti-viral imidazoquinoline compounds. herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tlr7 and tlr8 gene orthologs and their mrna expression. two tlr7/8 loci were id ... | 2010 | 19825389 |
| measurement of total zn and zn isotope ratios by quadrupole icp-ms for evaluation of zn uptake in gills of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | this study evaluates the potential use of stable zinc isotopes in toxicity studies measuring zinc uptake by the gills of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the use of stable isotopes in such studies has several advantages over the use of radioisotopes, including cost, ease of handling, elimination of permit requirements, and waste disposal. a pilot study using brown trout was performed to evaluate sample preparation methods and the ability of a quadrupole inducti ... | 2009 | 19836537 |
| use of garlic, allium sativum, to control aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | garlic, allium sativum, which was fed at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g per 100 g of feed for 14 days to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), led to control of experimental infection with aeromonas hydrophila. at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g garlic per 100 g of feed, there was a reduction in mortalities to 4% compared with the controls (88%). moreover, there was a significant increase in growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency. there was stimulation of the number of erythrocytes and leuco ... | 2009 | 19843196 |
| use of dietary ginger, zingiber officinale roscoe, as an immunostimulant to control aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | ginger, zingiber officinale, which was fed at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g per 100 g of feed for 14 days to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), led to control of experimental infection with aeromonas hydrophila. at 0.5 g ginger per 100 g of feed, there was a reduction in mortalities to 0% compared with the controls (64%). moreover, there was a significant increase in growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency. there was proliferation in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and lym ... | 2009 | 19843197 |
| changes in white muscle transcriptome induced by dietary energy levels in two lines of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for muscle fat content. | energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of muscle fat content in most animals, including man. we combined genetic selection and dietary energy supply to study the metabolic pathways involved in genetic and nutritional control of fat deposition in the muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two experimental lines of rainbow trout, selected for lean (l) or fat (f) muscle, were fed with diets containing either 10 or 23 % lipids from the first feeding, up to 6 months. at t ... | 2010 | 19874644 |