| chemical composition and toxicity of the essential oils from cunila species (lamiaceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of five species of cunila (lamiaceae) native to southern brazil were analyzed by gc and gc/ms. the oil of cunila angustifolia was characterized by sabinene; cunila incana is rich in alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, cunila spicata and cunila microcephala presented menthofuran as the main component, and in the essential oil of cunila incisa, the major component was 1,8-cineole. laboratory tests were carried out to determine the effect of the essential ... | 2009 | 19421776 |
| ixodes scapularis tick serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) gene family; annotation and transcriptional analysis. | serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a large superfamily of structurally related, but functionally diverse proteins that control essential proteolytic pathways in most branches of life. given their importance in the biology of many organisms, the concept that ticks might utilize serpins to evade host defenses and immunizing against or disrupting their functions as targets for tick control is an appealing option. | 2009 | 19435496 |
| antimicrobial activity in the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus eggs: cellular localization and temporal expression of microplusin during oogenesis and embryogenesis. | arthropods display different mechanisms to protect themselves against infections, among which antimicrobial peptides (amps) play an important role, acting directly against invader pathogens. we have detected several factors with inhibitory activity against candida albicans and micrococcus luteus on the surface and in homogenate of eggs of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. one of the anti-m. luteus factors of the egg homogenate was isolated to homogeneity. analysis by electrospray mas ... | 2009 | 19454333 |
| immunological profiles of bos taurus and bos indicus cattle infested with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is a major threat to the improvement of cattle production in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. bos indicus cattle are naturally more resistant to infestation with the cattle tick than are bos taurus breeds, although considerable variation in resistance occurs within and between breeds. it is not known which genes contribute to the resistant phenotype, nor have immune parameters involved in resistance to r. microplus been fully des ... | 2009 | 19474263 |
| antigenic protein modifications in ehrlichia. | to develop effective vaccination strategies against ehrlichia, we have previously reported developing an animal model of cross-protection in which c57bl/6 mice primed with e. muris were resistant to lethal infection with ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (ioe). polyclonal antibody produced in mice after priming with e. muris and later injected with ioe-detected antigenic proteins in e. muris and ioe cell lysates. cross-reaction of antigenic proteins was observed when we probed both the e. muris and ioe ce ... | 2009 | 19493209 |
| isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soils and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) ticks: prevalence and methods. | entomopathogenic fungi are commonly found in forested soils that provide tick habitat, and many species are pathogenic to ixodes scapularis say, the blacklegged tick. as a first step to developing effective biocontrol strategies, the objective of this study was to determine the best methods to isolate entomopathogenic fungal species from field-collected samples of soils and ticks from an eastern deciduous forest where i. scapularis is common. several methods were assessed: (1) soils, leaf litter ... | 2009 | 19496427 |
| transovarial transmission of francisella-like endosymbionts and anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae). | dermacentor albipictus (packard) is a north american tick that feeds on cervids and livestock. it is a suspected vector of anaplasmosis in cattle, but its microbial flora and vector potential remain underevaluated. we screened d. albipictus ticks collected from minnesota white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) for bacteria of the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, francisella, and rickettsia using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) gene amplification and sequence analyses. we detected anaplasma phagoc ... | 2009 | 19496436 |
| new approaches toward anti-rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick vaccine. | the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (formerly boophilus microplus) is the major ectoparasite affecting livestock in america, asia, africa, and oceania. conventional tick control is based on the use of acaricides but immunization of bovines with tick gut proteins induces only a partial protective immune response. based on this information, distinct research groups have explored the possibility of protecting the animals by inducing an immune response against other tick proteins. however, ... | 2009 | 19500453 |
| in silico analysis for identification of tick phagotopes selected by phage-displayed libraries. | phage display techniques have been widely employed to map epitope structures which have served as the basis for developing molecular vaccines. we have applied this technique to map specific epitopes of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. in the present study, we have identified the potential immunogens using a process in which the selected phage clones were analyzed through bioinformatics, prior to final field tests. the present study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying important r. (b. ... | 2009 | 19500459 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) as a parasite of pampas deer (ozoctoceros bezoarticus) and cattle in brazil's central pantanal. | in the pantanal, domestic and wild animals share the same habitats; their parasites and environment interact in a complex and dynamic way. the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important cattle tick in brazil. in the past two decades, some traditional management practices are being replaced with the aim of intensifying cattle production. forested areas are being replaced by exotic pasture and ranch owners are replacing nelore for european breeds. the pampas deer (ozoctoceros bezoar ... | 2009 | 19500460 |
| immunisation with recombinant proteins subolesin and bm86 for the control of dermanyssus gallinae in poultry. | dermanyssus gallinae has a worldwide distribution and is considered to be the most serious and economically significant ectoparasite affecting egg-laying poultry in europe. recombinant bm86 and subolesin proteins derived from boophilus microplus ticks and aedes albopictus mosquitoes were used to immunise poultry in an attempt to control d. gallinaein vitro. immunisation with subolesin and bm86 stimulated different profiles of igy response, whilst bm86 but not subolesin was recognized by igy on w ... | 2009 | 19501789 |
| babesia bovis: transcriptional analysis of rrna gene unit expression. | the complex life cycle of babesia bovis includes erythrocytic stages in the bovine host and other stages occurring inside its common tick vector rhipicephalus microplus. in related apicomplexa, changing environmental conditions affect the expression of ribosomal rna, but it remained unknown whether the polymorphic a, b, and c rrna coding units of b. bovis are differentially expressed. northern blot analysis confirmed that polymorphic regions in the b. bovis 18s and its-2 rrna coding units are tr ... | 2009 | 19508867 |
| microarray analysis of gene expression changes in feeding female and male lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l). | a collection of est clones from female tick amblyomma americanum salivary glands was hybridized to rna from different feeding stages of female tick salivary glands and from unfed or feeding adult male ticks. in the female ticks, the expression patterns changed dramatically upon starting feeding, then changed again towards the end of feeding. on beginning feeding, genes possibly involved in survival on the host increased in expression as did many housekeeping genes. as feeding progressed, some of ... | 2009 | 19514082 |
| male engorgement factor: role in stimulating engorgement to repletion in the ixodid tick, dermacentor variabilis. | mating in ticks results in profound physiological changes that eventually results in egg production. in the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, mating causes partially blood-fed female ticks to commence rapid engorgement to repletion and eventual detachment from the host and egg laying. the peptidic male pheromone (engorgement factor alpha/beta) transferred to the female during mating is known only from a single tick species, amblyomma hebraeum, and was shown to consist of two peptides pr ... | 2009 | 19538967 |
| comparative efficacy of annona squamosa and azadirachta indica extracts against boophilus microplus izatnagar isolate. | in the search of developing herbal acaricides, eight medicinal plants were screened for their efficacy against boophilus microplus, the widely distributed tick species in india. of the seven extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the annona squamosa seed showed very high level of efficacy (70.8%) after 24 h of treatment. the effect of treatment on oviposition of the survived ticks was also assessed, and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the reproductive index was noted in comparison t ... | 2009 | 19557436 |
| comparative immunogenicity of haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus calreticulins. | the ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis longicornis are blood-sucking ectoparasites of bovines, causing serious damages to the livestock production. the main control method for these ticks is based on acaricides. however, the use of vaccines has been studied as a promising control strategy. calreticulin (crt) is a multifunctional, predominantly intracellular protein present in almost all cells of animals. the secretion of crt during feeding might be linked to the modulati ... | 2009 | 19560273 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacies of ivermectin and cypermethrin against the cattle tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (acari: ixodidae). | this study investigated the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and cypermethrin pour-on, for the treatment of hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum infestations in bovines. for examining acaricidal efficacy, 480 ticks were exposed in vitro to graded doses of both the acaricides and in vivo efficacy was examined in 360 tick-infested bovines treated at the recommended doses of ivermectin (ivm) and cypermethrin (cym) pour-on. the comparative quantitative assessment of tick burden was done on days 0, ... | 2009 | 19562374 |
| molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in mexican field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | susceptibility to synthetic pyrethroids (sp s) and the role of two major resistance mechanisms were evaluated in mexican rhipicephalus microplus tick populations. larval packet test (lpt), knock-down (kdr) pcr allele-specific assay (pasa) and esterase activity assays were conducted in tick populations for cypermethrin, flumethrin and deltamethrin. esterase activity did not have a significant correlation with sp s resistance. however a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the pres ... | 2009 | 19565267 |
| toxicity of piper aduncum l. (piperales: piperaceae) from the amazon forest for the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the mortality of 14-21-day-old rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae, and the mortality and fertility of groups of engorged adult females exposed to different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of spiked pepper (piper aduncum) were evaluated, using a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, two control groups, and two replicates for the larvae and five replicates for the adult females. similar methodology was used to investigate the toxicity of the ... | 2009 | 19573994 |
| [occurrence of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the municipality of goiatins, tocantins]. | due to a suspected human case of brazilian lyme-like disease in the city of goiatins, tocantins state, an epidemiological survey was carried out in eight counties in this region during september 2007 and february 2008, where 1,890 ticks were collected from domestic animals and from the environment. a total of eight tick species were identified: rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, amblyomma ovale, ambl ... | 2009 | 19602318 |
| the schistosoma japonicum genome reveals features of host-parasite interplay. | schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in china and the philippines. here we present a draft genomic sequence for the worm. the genome provides a global insight into the molecular architecture and host interaction of this complex metazoan pathogen, revealing that it can exploit host nutrients, neuroendocrine hormones and signalling pathways for growth, development and maturation. having a complex nervous system a ... | 2009 | 19606140 |
| silencing of genes involved in anaplasma marginale-tick interactions affects the pathogen developmental cycle in dermacentor variabilis. | the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale, undergoes a developmental cycle in ticks that begins in gut cells. transmission to cattle occurs from salivary glands during a second tick feeding. at each site of development two forms of a. marginale (reticulated and dense) occur within a parasitophorous vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm. however, the role of tick genes in pathogen development is unknown. four genes, found in previous studies to be differentially expressed in dermacentor variabilis ti ... | 2009 | 19607704 |
| trace metals and over-expression of metallothioneins in bladder tumoral lesions: a case-control study. | previous studies have provided some evidence of a possible association between cancer and metallothioneins. whether this relates to an exposure to carcinogenic metals remains unclear. | 2009 | 19615096 |
| immune responses against recombinant tick antigen, bm95, for the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle. | immune responses against bm95 recombinant cattle tick antigen and its protective efficacy for control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were determined in experimental crossbred cow calves. anti-bm95 antibody titers, as assessed by indirect elisa, in immunized calves ranged from 196.1+/-13.7 on day 0 to 7979.9+/-312.5 on day 110 post-primary immunization. the rise in antibody titer was statistically significant (p<0.01) throughout the study period. besides this, constantly higher lymp ... | 2009 | 19625129 |
| pharmacological action of tick saliva upon haemostasis and the neutralization ability of sera from repeatedly infested hosts. | ticks are blood-feeding arthropods widely distributed in the world and vectors of several diseases. as haematophagy demands evasion strategies and repeatedly infested hosts develop protective immune responses, we investigated the mechanisms of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus saliva anti-haemostatic activity and the possible relationship between the acquired natural anti-tick host resistance and anti-haemostatic action. for this purpose, we studied the effects of r. microplus saliva on di ... | 2009 | 19627637 |
| tick-derived kunitz-type inhibitors as antihemostatic factors. | endogenous kunitz-type inhibitors target a large number of serine proteinases, including coagulation factors viia and xa, but not thrombin. by contrast, several two-domain kunitz inhibitors of this major procoagulant proteinase have been isolated from both soft ticks (e.g., ornithodorin from ornithodoros moubata) and hard ticks (e.g., boophilin from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus). surprisingly, these anticoagulants do not follow the canonical mechanism of proteinase inhibition. instead, th ... | 2009 | 19631744 |
| identification of a mutation in the para sodium channel gene of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus associated with resistance to synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. | resistance against synthetic pyrethroid (sp) products for the control of cattle ticks in australia was detected in the field in 1984, within a very short time of commercial introduction. we have identified a mutation in the domain ii s4-5 linker of the para-sodium channel that is associated with resistance to sps in the cattle tickrhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from australia. the cytosine to adenine mutation at position 190 in ther. microplus sequence af134216, results in an amino acid sub ... | 2009 | 19640466 |
| detection and identification of rickettsial agents in ticks from domestic mammals in eastern panama. | several outbreaks of rocky mountain spotted fever have occurred in recent years in colombian communities close to the border with panama. however, little is known about rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in eastern panamanian provinces, the darien province and the kuna yala, located north of the endemic area in colombia. in 2007, 289 ticks were collected in several towns from dogs, horses, mules, cows, and pigs. dna was extracted from 124 dermacentor nitens, 64 rhipicephalus sanguineus, 43 amb ... | 2009 | 19645289 |
| new approaches to detection and identification of rickettsia africae and ehrlichia ruminantium in amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) ticks from the caribbean. | imported from africa in the 1700s and despite frequent modern eradication efforts, amblyomma variegatum (f.) spread through the caribbean by cattle transport, small ruminants, and migrating birds. a. variegatum is a vector for rickettsia africae, the causative agent of african tick bite fever, and ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater. we examined 95 a. variegatum and six rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) collected from cattle at an abattoir in antigua. engorged ... | 2009 | 19645301 |
| multiple paternity in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus confirmed by microsatellite analysis. | the aim of this study was to determine if individual ticks among the progeny of a single female rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick removed from cattle under natural conditions are the result of mating with one or several males. to this end, simulations were run using an existing dataset of genotypes from 8 microsatellite loci to predict the number of samples required and the best locus. subsequently, 14-22 progeny from each of 15 engorged female ticks removed from three cows, and the engor ... | 2010 | 19693678 |
| phylogeographic analysis reveals association of tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, msp1a sequences with ecological traits affecting tick vector performance. | the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale, which is endemic worldwide, is the type species of the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae). rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important tick vector of a. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. despite extensive characterization of the genetic diversity in a. marginale geographic strains using major surface protein sequences, little is known about the biogeography and evolution of a. marginale and other a ... | 2009 | 19723295 |
| trafficking of heme and porphyrins in metazoa. | | 2009 | 19764719 |
| ticks on domestic animals in pernambuco, northeastern brazil. | the objective of this article was to discuss some aspects of ticks associated with domestic animals in the state of pernambuco, northeastern brazil, based on a literature review and present new data obtained from recent tick collections carried out in this northeastern brazilian state. from august 2007 to june 2008, 1,405 ticks were collected and five species were identified: amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787), amblyomma ovale koch, 1844, dermacentor nitens neumann, 1897, rhipicephalus (boop ... | 2009 | 19772771 |
| differential immunoproteomics enables identification of metarhizium anisopliae proteins related to rhipicephalus microplus infection. | differential immunoproteomics was applied to identify proteins secreted by metarhizium anisopliae induced by the rhipicephalus microplus cuticle. in addition, igg anti-spore surface proteins were used for searching for proteins possibly involved in early stages of fungus versus tick infection. lc-ms/ms of differentially secreted proteins led to the identification of proteases (carboxypeptidase and pr1a), chitinase, carboxylic acid transport and proline-rich protein. differential immunoproteomics ... | 2009 | 19800970 |
| identification of a synthetic peptide inducing cross-reactive antibodies binding to rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus bm86 homologues. | the bm86 antigen, originally identified in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is the basis of the only commercialized anti-tick vaccine. the long-term goal of our study is to improve bm86 based vaccines by induction of high levels of tick gut binding antibodies that are also cross-reactive with a range of bm86 homologues expressed in other important tick species. here we have used a bd86 derived synthetic peptide, bd86-3, to raise a series of mouse monoclonal antibodies. one of these mabs, nam ... | 2009 | 19808026 |
| immune response of bovines stimulated by synthetic vaccine sbm7462 against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | ten-month-old calves bos taurus taurus were immunized with three doses of sbm7462 with saponin as an adjuvant at 30-day intervals and were evaluated for igg isotypes, phenotype circulating lymphocytes and changes in the lymph nodes (ln). sbm7462 stimulated the production of predominantly igg1-isotype igg antibodies. the lymph nodes exhibited activation at the seventh day after the first immunization, with areas of paracortical and interfollicular hyperplasia and the early formation of germinal c ... | 2009 | 19811877 |
| adulticidal and larvicidal efficacy of some medicinal plant extracts against tick, fluke and mosquitoes. | the adulticidal and larvicidal effect of indigenous plant extracts were investigated against the adult cattle tick haemaphysalis bispinosa neumann, 1897 (acarina: ixodidae), sheep fluke paramphistomum cervi zeder, 1790 (digenea: paramphistomatidae), fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictus grassi and japanese encephalitis vector, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of leaf hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ... | 2009 | 19819626 |
| two novel neuropeptides in innervation of the salivary glands of the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis: myoinhibitory peptide and sifamide. | the peptidergic signaling system is an ancient cell-cell communication mechanism that is involved in numerous behavioral and physiological events in multicellular organisms. we identified two novel neuropeptides in the neuronal projections innervating the salivary glands of the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis (say, 1821). myoinhibitory peptide (mip) and sifamide immunoreactivities were colocalized in the protocerebral cells and their projections terminating on specific cells of salivary gla ... | 2009 | 19824085 |
| biochemical characterization of a kunitz type inhibitor similar to dendrotoxins produced by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) hemocytes. | a novel chymotrypsin inhibitor identified in fat body and hemocyte cdna libraries of boophilus microplus was named bmci (b. microplus chymotrypsin inhibitor) (genbank eu636772). the putative bmci amino acid sequence presented a 22-residue-signal peptide and 58-residue-mature protein. bmci amino acid sequence analysis allowed its classification as a kunitz-bpti inhibitor with six cysteine residues, a theoretical pi of 7.8, and the presence of tyr at p1 position in the putative reactive site, sugg ... | 2010 | 19828254 |
| structure and mode of action of microplusin, a copper ii-chelating antimicrobial peptide from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | microplusin, a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus antimicrobial peptide (amp) is the first fully characterized member of a new family of cysteine-rich amps with histidine-rich regions at the n and c termini. in the tick, microplusin belongs to the arsenal of innate defense molecules active against bacteria and fungi. here we describe the nmr solution structure of microplusin and demonstrate that the protein binds copper ii and iron ii. structured as a single alpha-helical globular domain, micro ... | 2009 | 19828445 |
| protective efficacy of bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed bm95 antigenic peptides for the control of cattle tick infestations. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 and bm95 glycoproteins are homologous proteins that protect cattle against tick infestations. in this study, we demonstrated that the recombinant chimeric protein comprising tick bm95 immunogenic peptides fused to the a. marginale msp1a n-terminal region for presentation on the escherichia coli membrane was protective against r. microplus infestations in rabbits. this system provides a novel and simple approach for the production of tick protective an ... | 2009 | 19835826 |
| suppressive subtractive hybridization analysis of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larval and adult transcript expression during attachment and feeding. | ticks, as blood-feeding ectoparasites, affect their hosts both directly and as vectors of viral, bacterial and protozoal diseases. the tick's mode of feeding means it must maintain intimate contact with the host in the face of host defensive responses for a prolonged time. the parasite-host interactions are characterized by the host response and parasite counter-response which result in a highly complex biological system that is barely understood. we conducted transcriptomic analyses utilizing s ... | 2010 | 19836138 |
| modulation of cutaneous inflammation induced by ticks in contrasting phenotypes of infestation in bovines. | tick saliva contains molecules that are inoculated at the site of attachment on their hosts in order to modulate local immune responses and facilitate a successful blood meal. bovines express heritable, contrasting phenotypes of infestations with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: breeds of bos taurus indicus are significantly more resistant than those of bos taurus taurus. tick saliva may contain molecules that interfere with adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and resistan ... | 2010 | 19836891 |
| exploring the midgut proteome of partially fed female cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus). | the continued development of effective anti-tick vaccines remains the most promising prospect for the control of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. a vaccine based on midgut proteins could interfere with successful tick feeding and additionally interfere with midgut developmental stages of babesia parasites, providing opportunities for the control of both the tick and the pathogens it transmits. midgut proteins from partially fed adult female cattle ticks were analysed using a ... | 2010 | 19840806 |
| a survey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in tak province, thailand. | in july 2008 a survey of ectoparasites on domestic animals was conducted in the royal thai army areas of operation along the thai-myanmar border, tak province, thailand. eleven different ectoparasites were collected: two species of hard ticks (ixodidae), three species of fleas (siphonaptera) and 6 species of sucking or chewing lice (2 species each in the suborders anoplura, ischnocera and amblycera) were collected. domestic dogs (canis lupusfamiliaris) (n = 94) were found infested with 2 species ... | 2009 | 19842427 |
| tick-susceptible bos taurus cattle display an increased cellular response at the site of larval rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus attachment, compared with tick-resistant bos indicus cattle. | cattle demonstrate divergent and heritable phenotypes of resistance and susceptibility to infestation with the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. bos indicus cattle are generally more resistant to tick infestation than bos taurus breeds although large variations in resistance can occur within subspecies and within breed. increased tick resistance has been previously associated with an intense hypersensitivity response in b. taurus breeds; however, the mechanism by which highly resi ... | 2010 | 19852965 |
| selection of an ivermectin-resistant strain of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in brazil. | resistance to ivermectin (ivm) in field populations of rhipicephalus microplus of brazil has been observed since 2001. in this work, four selection methods (infestations with: (1) ivm-treated larvae; (2) larvae from ivm-treated adult female ticks; (3) larvae from ivm-treated adult female ticks on an ivm-treated host; and (4) larvae obtained from ivm-treated females that produced eggs with a high eclosion rate) were used on a field population with an initial ivermectin (ivm) resistance ratio at l ... | 2010 | 19864067 |
| hemoglobin digestion in blood-feeding ticks: mapping a multipeptidase pathway by functional proteomics. | hemoglobin digestion is an essential process for blood-feeding parasites. using chemical tools, we deconvoluted the intracellular hemoglobinolytic cascade in the tick ixodes ricinus, a vector of lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. in tick gut tissue, a network of peptidases was demonstrated through imaging with specific activity-based probes and activity profiling with peptidic substrates and inhibitors. this peptidase network is induced upon blood feeding and degrades hemoglobin at acidic ... | 2009 | 19875079 |
| (1)h, (15)n and (13)c assignments of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus anti-microbial peptide microplusin. | microplusin, a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus anti-microbial peptide (amp) is the first member of a new family of cysteine-rich amps with histidine-rich regions at the n- and c-termini, which is being fully characterized by biophysical and biochemical methods. here we report the nmr resonance assignments for (1)h, (15)n, and (13)c nuclei in the backbone and side chains of the microplusin as basis for further studies of structure, backbone dynamics and interactions mapping. | 2009 | 19888687 |
| activation of several key components of the epidermal differentiation pathway in cattle following infestation with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, and the diseases it transmits pose a persistent threat to tropical beef production. genetic selection of host resistance has become the method of choice for non-chemical control of cattle tick. previous studies have suggested that larval stages are most susceptible to host resistance mechanisms. to gain insights into the molecular basis of host resistance that occurs during r. microplus attachment, we assessed the abundance of proteins (by is ... | 2010 | 19909754 |
| silencing of a putative immunophilin gene in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus increases the infection rate of babesia bovis in larval progeny. | abstract: | 2009 | 19930572 |
| identification and characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. | the cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) spp., affect cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. tick vaccines constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to tick control. the recombinant rhipicephalus microplus bm86 antigen has been shown to protect cattle against tick infestations. however, variable efficacy of bm86-based vaccines against geographic tick strains has encouraged the research for additional tick-protective antigens. herein, we ... | 2010 | 19943063 |
| first report of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus resistant to ivermectin in mexico. | three cattle farms with ticks, rhipicephalus microplus, thought to be resistant to ivermectin in yucatan, mexico were studied (sfdo, spn, luady). each field-population was collected and tested twice several months apart. the larval immersion test was used on the progeny of collected adult females to test the susceptibility to ivermectin. dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (lc), their confidence intervals and slope were estimated by probit analysis. resistance ratios (rr) were dete ... | 2010 | 19951828 |
| acaricidal properties of the essential oil from hesperozygis ringens (lamiaceae) on the cattle tick riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | hesperozygis ringens (benth.) epling (lamiaceae) is a strongly aromatic plant employed popularly for its antiparasitic properties. the leaves afforded 4% of essential oil constituted mainly by pulegone (86%). laboratory tests were carried out to determine the toxicity of the essential oil species on engorged females and larvae of the cattle tick riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus using the adult immersion test (ait) and the larval immersion test (lit). it was observed that the essential oil at ... | 2010 | 19954969 |
| genotyping mutations in bmache3: a survey of organophosphate-resistant and -susceptible strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | mutations i48l, i54v, r86q, v137i, i492m, and t548a were identified previously in bmache3, a gene encoding acetylcholinesterase, from the organophosphate (op) acaricide-resistant san rommn strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. recombinant bmache3 acetylcholinesterase containing the r86q mutation was shown to exhibit nearly 20-fold reduction in the rate of phosphorylation by paraoxon relative to the wild-type sequence. in addition, the r86q mutation was present in resistant laboratory st ... | 2009 | 19960680 |
| surveys for ectoparasites on wildlife associated with amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae)-infested livestock in st. croix, u.s. virgin islands. | surveys in 2001, 2005, and 2006 attempted to determine the role of wildlife in maintenance and dissemination of the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum (f.) (acari: ixodidae), in st. croix, u.s. virgin islands. small mammals; birds; white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann); and feral cattle, bos taurus l., were examined at nine premises, in mountainous rain forest, and in surrounding areas in western st. croix, an area including and central to all known bont tick-infested prem ... | 2009 | 19960701 |
| a novel defensin-like peptide from salivary glands of the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | a novel defensin-like antimicrobial peptide named longicornsin was isolated from the salivary glands of the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis, using a 10-kda cut-off centriprep filter and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). its amino acid sequence was determined as dfgcgqgmifmcqrrcmrlypgstgfcrgfrcmcdthiplrppfmvg by edman degradation. the cdna encoding longicornsin was cloned by cdna library screening. the predicted protein from the cdna sequence was composed of 78 ... | 2010 | 20027626 |
| selection of reference genes for quantitative rt-pcr studies in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks and determination of the expression profile of bm86. | for accurate and reliable gene expression analysis, normalization of gene expression data against reference genes is essential. in most studies on ticks where (semi-)quantitative rt-pcr is employed, normalization occurs with a single reference gene, usually beta-actin, without validation of its presumed expression stability. the first goal of this study was to evaluate the expression stability of commonly used reference genes in rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplu ... | 2009 | 20040102 |
| [selection of isolates of entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) for control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae)]. | this study was carried out to select isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana with pathogenic potential to control the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. the effectiveness of thirty isolates was first tested at a concentration of 5 x 108 conidia.ml(-1). of these, eight were evaluated (ibcb01, ibcb02, ibcb07, ibcb17, ibcb21, ibcb74, ibcb149, ibcb165) and showed an effectiveness between 90 and 99%; thirteen (ibcb03, ibcb14, ibcb16, ibcb24, ibcb95, ibcb97, ibcb102, ibcb141, ... | 2009 | 20040184 |
| [determination of lc 90 and lt 90 of ibcb66 beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) isolate for rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) control]. | the objective of this research was to evaluate the pathogenicity and the virulence of the ibcb66 isolate of beauveria bassiana on infected larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the ibcb66 fungus strain was used as standard isolates of b. bassiana against r. (b.) microplus larvae. the larval bioassay tests using the ibcb66 isolate were carried out to determine the (lethal concentration) lc50, lc90, (lethal time) lt50 and lt90. the ibcb66 fungus strain was tested at six different concentr ... | 2009 | 20040188 |
| [in vitro analysis of amitraz efficacy against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) populations of southern region of rio grande do sul state]. | commercial formulation of the amitraz is the most used acaricide in the southern region of rio grande do sul state, however scientific data about the efficacy of these products in this region are sparse. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of r. (b.) microplus populations resistant to amitraz acaricides in the southern region of rio grande do sul state. so, the efficacies of five commercial products containing amitraz were compared. results showed that the efficacy of amit ... | 2009 | 20040192 |
| [compatibility of beauveria bassiana (ascomycetes: clavicipitaceae) with chemicals acaricides used in the control of cattle tick]. | the purpose of the present study was to assess compatibility between ibcb66 and ibcb21 isolates of beauveria bassiana and acaricides: flumethrin+coumaphos, deltamethrin, dichlorvos+cypermethrin, dichlorvos+chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin high cis, dichlorvos+cypermethrin high cis, cypermethrin and amitraz, utilized on the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in our country. the effect of commercial products on the isolates was assayed according to observation of vegetative growth, conidia p ... | 2009 | 20040194 |
| prevalence of equine piroplasmosis and its association with tick infestation in the state of são paulo, brazil. | serum samples were collected from 582 horses from 40 stud farms in the state of são paulo and tick (acari: ixodidae) infestations were evaluated on them. serum samples were subjected to the complement fixation test (cft) and a competitive inhibition elisa (celisa) for babesia caballi and theileria equi. logistic regression analyses were performed to construct multivariate models that could explain the dependent variable (horses positive for b. caballi or t. equi) as a function of the independent ... | 2009 | 20040201 |
| comparison of efficiency and reproductive aptitude indexes between a reference and field strains of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, in sinaloa, mexico. | the objective of this work was to study the reproductive behavior of two strains of r. (b.) microplus, one wild-caught (native) and one reference strain (media joya) for two years, measuring the reproductive efficiency index (rei) and reproductive aptitude index (rai). engorged ticks from each strain were collected monthly from february 2002 to february 2004. these were weighed and kept in the laboratory until egg-laying. oogenic masses were individually weighed and incubated until larvae emerge ... | 2009 | 20040202 |
| [grazing systems, rotenone and parasites control in crossbred calves: effect on live weight gain and on parasites burdens]. | practices for endo and ectoparasite control in beef cattle were evaluated in two independent experiments. first, the effects of rotenone on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were evaluated in vitro and in experimentally infected calves. in the second trial, the effects of grazing systems associated with endo and ectoparasite treatments on parasite burden and weight gain of naturally parasited animals were evaluated. rotenone showed acaricide action on larvae and engorged ticks during in ... | 2009 | 20040207 |
| [plant extracts in control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) in laboratory]. | plant extracts were studied to evaluate its efficiency in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) in laboratory. engorged female ticks were collected from the cattle, kept in petri dishes. organic alcoholic extracts 2% (weight/volume) were used: seeds of annona muricata l. (annonaceae) (soursop); flowers of syzygium malaccensis (l.) (myrtaceae) (iamb), leaves of cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf (poaceae) (holy grass), leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) ... | 2009 | 20040208 |
| acaricidal activity of extracts from petiveria alliacea (phytolaccaceae) against the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the acaricidal activity of crude extracts and fractions from stems and leaves of petiveria alliacea (phytolaccaceae) was carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using the larval immersion test (lit) and adult immersion test (ait), respectively. methanolic extracts of stems and leaves of p. alliacea showed 100% mortality on the lit bioassay. on the other hand, methanolic extracts of leaves and stem on the ait test showed 26% and 86% of mortality, re ... | 2010 | 20042296 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: clotting time in tick-infested skin varies according to local inflammation and gene expression patterns in tick salivary glands. | ticks deposit saliva at the site of their attachment to a host in order to inhibit haemostasis, inflammation and innate and adaptive immune responses. the anti-haemostatic properties of tick saliva have been described by many studies, but few show that tick infestations or its anti-haemostatic components exert systemic effects in vivo. in the present study, we extended these observations and show that, compared with normal skin, bovine hosts that are genetically susceptible to tick infestations ... | 2010 | 20045690 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus obtained from four local populations in uruguay (2007-2008) were subjected to various bioassay techniques to determine the presence of fipronil resistance within the country. resistance ratios (rrs) obtained by larval immersion test varied between 3.3 and 3635 for tick populations subjected to treatment with fipronil for the last 3-7 years. the highest rr was observed in the population which received fewer treatments. using discriminating concentration (8ppm) ... | 2010 | 20056329 |
| [immunization with synthetic peptide anti-tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus sbm7462 via mucosal routes]. | the mucosal immunization consists on antigen administration in these surfaces it is a not invasive method, inductor of local and systemic immune response. this work evaluated the immune response of the synthetic vaccine anti-tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus sbm7462®, via oral and nasal routes. were used 60 balb/c mice, divided in three groups of 20 animals each (i: oral immunization; ii: nasal immunization; iii: animals not immunized). nine and 15 days after the first and the second immu ... | 2008 | 20059807 |
| [molecular analysis of the antigenic sequence (sbm7462®) from bm86 of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and similarity with rhipicephalus sanguineus and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum]. | the vaccination represents optimum method evaluated with effective cost to prevent economic losses and to increase the duration and quality of life of the production animals. . diverse vaccines are produced from the intestinal protein bm86 of the rhipicephalus. (b.) microplus. the knowledge of the conservation of the gene bm86 is very important to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and the possibility of reaction crossed between different species of ticks. samples of r. (b.) microplus come from dif ... | 2008 | 20059809 |
| [elaboration and evaluation of a candidate to the dna vaccine using synthetic genes derived from the peptídeo sbm7462 against the carrapato rhiphicephalus (boophilus) microplus]. | rhiphicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most important arthropods in veterinary medicine due economic losses and health problems caused in cattle production. the vaccination represents optimum method evaluated with effective cost to prevent economic losses and to increase the duration and quality of life of the production animals. a synthetic peptide, sbm 7462, derived from bm86, has been shown great results in control of ticks. the construction and synthesis of one nucleotide sequenc ... | 2008 | 20059811 |
| [effect of the urea fertilization in pasture on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae)]. | the objective of this study was to verify the effect of the urea fertilization in pasture on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus population in free living stage. two groups had been made, a control group and a urea treatment group, each group with 10 lots of mombaça grass (panicum maximum cv. mombaça). in day zero had been placed 12 engorged tick females in each lot and made fertilization with urea in the dosage of 60 g in the lots of the treat group. in 27th day the grass was cutted out in 1 to ... | 2008 | 20059818 |
| [efficacy of extracts of plants in engorged females of boophilus microplus from the mesoregion west of maranhão, brazil.]. | the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of hydro-alcoholic extracts of nim and citronela at 20% and eucalipto at 10% in boophilus microplus engorged females collected in cattle naturally infected from the mesoregion west of maranhão. at the laboratory the females were separated, weighted and distributed in six groups of 10, in duplicate. each group was immersed in 10ml of the solution of the extracts, for two minutes. in the nim and citronela extracts there was 32% e 17%, respectively, while ... | 2008 | 20059822 |
| experimental vaccination of sheep and cattle against tick infestation using recombinant 5'-nucleotidase. | limited prior evidence suggests that 5'-nucleotidase, an ectoenzyme principally located in the malpighian tubules of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, could be an effective antigen in an anti-tick vaccine. to assess this, recombinant 5'-nucleotidase was expressed in escherichia coli and used in vaccination trials with both sheep and cattle. vaccinated sheep were challenged with freshly moulted adult ticks. those with high titres of anti-nucleotidase antibodies showed significant prot ... | 2010 | 20070827 |
| functional genomics tool: gene silencing in ixodes scapularis eggs and nymphs by electroporated dsrna. | ticks are blood-sucking arthropods responsible for transmitting a wide variety of disease-causing agents, and constitute important public health threats globally. ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of the lyme disease agent in the eastern and central u.s. rnai is a mechanism by which gene-specific double-stranded rna (dsrna) triggers degradation of homologous mrna transcripts. here, we describe an optimized protocol for effectively suppressing gene expression in the egg and nymphal stages o ... | 2010 | 20074328 |
| acaricide and ovicide activities of thymol on engorged females and eggs of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the present work had the objective of evaluating the influence of different concentrations of thymol on the biological parameters of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and also its ovicide activity on eggs of this tick. in order to carry out the work, four groups were formed, each containing 20 engorged females, which were immersed for 5 min in different concentrations of thymol (1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) and a control group (water + dimethylsulfoxide). the following biological ... | 2010 | 20076973 |
| rotation of treatments between spinosad and amitraz for the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations with amitraz resistance. | a farmlet study was conducted over 4 years in which three treatments were applied to six groups of holstein dairy calves. calves in each group were infested with equal numbers of n-strain (susceptible) and ultimo strain (amitraz and synthetic pyrethroid resistant) tick larvae to establish self-sustaining populations with an initial, measurable level of resistance to amitraz. standard counts of all ticks between 4.5 and 8.0mm diameter on one side of each animal were made each week and treatment w ... | 2010 | 20079571 |
| development and validation of a pcr-rflp test to identify african rhipicephalus (boophilus) ticks. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus has recently invaded west africa and caused anxiety amongst farmers in ivory coast, as livestock production was severely affected. the introduction of this tick species has remained unnoticed for several years, as all the members of this genus are very similar in appearance. to overcome the cumbersome morphological identification of the four closely related r. (boophilus) spp. in the region, a pcr-rflp test, based on a part of the second intern ... | 2010 | 20080073 |
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a long-acting (la) formulation of ivermectin against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) and sera concentration through time in treated cattle. | the concentration-time profile, therapeutic, and persistent efficacy of a single subcutaneous injection of cattle with a long-acting (la) formulation of ivermectin at a concentration of 630microg/kg of body weight were determined against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. ivermectin sera concentration in treated cattle increased to 13.0ppb within 1d after treatment, and peaked at 26.2ppb at 11d post-treatment. ivermectin sera levels remained above the threshold level for control of feeding tic ... | 2010 | 20080349 |
| toxicity of geraniol solution in vitro to the poultry red mite, dermanyssus galinae. | geraniol is a bioactive component found in palmarosa essential oil which has previously demonstrated good repellence to cattle ticks, mosquitoes and sand flies. the toxicity of geraniol to dermanyssus gallinae, the most economically deleterious ectoparasite of laying hens in europe, was studied in vitro in the laboratory. exposure of d. gallinae to 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of geraniol (equating approximately to 0.02, 0.04 and 0.07 mg/cm2 geraniol, respectively) over a period of 24 hours resu ... | 2009 | 20092065 |
| ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of china. | this paper presents results of an investigation and listing of tick species found in china during a survey in all 28 provinces. this will be a step towards a definitive list of tick species and their distribution. to date, the tick fauna of this area consists of 117 species in the following families: argasidae-argas (7 species), carios (4 species) and ornithodoros (2 species); ixodidae-amblyomma (8 species), anomalohimalaya (2 species), dermacentor (12 species), haemaphysalis (44 species), hyalo ... | 2010 | 20101443 |
| local immune response against larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in bos taurus indicus and bos taurus taurus cattle. | bos taurus indicus cattle are less susceptible to infestation with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus than bos taurus taurus cattle but the immunological basis of this difference is not understood. we compared the dynamics of leukocyte infiltrations (t cell subsets, b cells, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-expressing cells, granulocytes) in the skin near the mouthparts of larvae of r. microplus in b. t. indicus and b. t. taurus cattle. previously naïve cattle were infested with ... | 2010 | 20109460 |
| heterorhabditis amazonensis (rhabditidae: heterorhabditidae), strain rsc-5, for biological control of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of heterorhabditis amazonensis rsc-5 on the biological parameters of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the female ticks, individually identified, were divided into six groups of 20 each and exposed to the following nematode concentrations: 0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200/female. the following parameters were observed: initial weight, final weight, alteration weight, egg mass weight, pre-oviposition peri ... | 2010 | 20127363 |
| characterization of ferritin 2 for the control of tick infestations. | ixodes ricinus is one the most abundant tick species in europe and these ticks transmit pathogens causing human and animal diseases. the cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) spp., affect cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. development of vaccines directed against tick proteins may reduce tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. however, a limiting step in tick vaccine development has been the identification of tick protective antigens. he ... | 2010 | 20171306 |
| evaluation of the action of heterorhabditis bacteriophora (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae) isolate hp88 on the biology of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the entomopathogenic nematode (epn) heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88 on the biological parameters of the non-parasite phase of engorged females of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. six groups were formed, each containing 20 engorged females, which were exposed to the following concentrations of infective juveniles of this nematode: 0, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 epns/female, respective ... | 2010 | 20227185 |
| silencing of three amblyomma americanum (l.) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related proteins prevents ticks from feeding to repletion. | the insulin-like growth factor (igf) binding proteins (igfbp) family is the regulatory arm of the igf signaling system that control mitogenic and anabolic actions of igf peptide hormones. this study describes cloning and biological characterization of three amblyomma americanum (l.) (aam) proteins that show amino-terminal sequence and secondary structure similarity to the igfbp superfamily. the three molecules here provisionally identified as aamigfbp-rp1 and short (s) and long (l) aamigfbp-rp6 ... | 2010 | 20228352 |
| [prokaryotic expression of bm86 gene of boophilus microplus and optimization of the expression condition]. | a pair of specific primers was designed based on the reported bm86 gene of boophilus microplus,the bm86 gene was cloned by pcr using the plasmid pmd18-t-bm86 as templates, and subcloned into the prokaryotic plasmid pgex-4t-1. the recombined plasmid was transformed into e. coli bl21(de3) and followed by expression of the protein induced by different concentration of iptg for different time. sds-page showed that the recombinant plasmid pgex-4t-1/bm86 expressed a fusion protein bm86-gst (mr 94 000) ... | 2009 | 20232640 |
| recent developments in the control of cattle tick and buffalo-fly. | | 1947 | 20262399 |
| differential expression of genes in salivary glands of male rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in response to infection with anaplasma marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is vectored by rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which results in infection of salivary glands from where the pathogen is transmitted to cattle. in previous studies, we reported modification of gene expression in dermacentor variabilis and cultured ixodes scapu ... | 2010 | 20298599 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae (deuteromycotina: hyphomycetes) for the control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the mexican tropics. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metarhizium anisopliae to control rhipicephalus microplus under laboratory and field conditions (larvae on vegetation) in the mexican tropics. in the laboratory study, ma34, ma14 and a mixture of ma34+ma14 strains of m. anisopliae were evaluated for their control of the adult and larval stages of r. microplus, using the adult and larval immersion test respectively. the reproductive efficiency index of engorged females was determined in t ... | 2010 | 20299149 |
| evaluation of medicinal plant extracts against blood-sucking parasites. | the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol dried leaf, flower, and seed extracts of cassia auriculata l., rhinacanthus nasutus kurz., solanum torvum swartz, terminalia chebula retz., and vitex negundo linn. were tested against larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini, 1887 (acari: ixodidae), adult of haemaphysalis bispinosa neumann, 1897 (acarina: ix ... | 2010 | 20306205 |
| identification of a tsetse fly salivary protein with dual inhibitory action on human platelet aggregation. | tsetse flies (glossina sp.), the african trypanosome vectors, rely on anti-hemostatic compounds for efficient blood feeding. despite their medical importance, very few salivary proteins have been characterized and functionally annotated. | 2010 | 20351782 |
| virulence of mexican isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) upon rhipicephalus=boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) larvae and the efficacy of conidia formulations to reduce larval tick density under field conditions. | the first objective was laboratory evaluation of the virulence of 53 mexican isolates of fungi against larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. thirty-three isolates of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (metschnickoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and 20 isolates of isaria (paecilomyces) fumosorosea (fumosoroseus) (wize) (eurotiales: trichomaceae) were tested on 7-day-old larvae under laboratory conditions. larvae were immersed in a suspension containing 10(8)conidia/ml and ... | 2010 | 20359827 |
| novel technique for quantifying adhesion of metarhizium anisopliae conidia to the tick cuticle. | the present study describes an accurate quantitative method for quantifying the adherence of conidia to the arthropod cuticle and the dynamics of conidial germination on the host. the method was developed using conidia of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (metschn.) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and engorged rhipicephalus annulatus (say) (arachnida: ixodidae) females and was also verified for m. anisopliae var. acridum driver et milner (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and alphitobius ... | 2010 | 20363785 |
| [action of extract and oil neem in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) in laboratory]. | organic plant extracts and emulsified oil of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) (neem) were studied to evaluate its effects in control of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) in the laboratory. hexane and alcoholic organic extracts, 2% (weight/volume) were used in tests of immersion for 5 minutes, prepared with seeds, solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) to 1%. the experiment was entirely randomized, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates, each r ... | 2010 | 20385059 |
| cold storage and cryopreservation of tick cell lines. | abstract: | 2010 | 20388200 |
| detection and identification of ehrlichia species in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle from xiamen, china. | abstract a total of 289 rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini (acari: ixodidae) collected from cattle in xiamen city of fujian province, southeastern china, were tested for ehrlichial agents by nested polymerase chain reaction assay. twenty-seven (9.3%) ticks from seven cattle were found positive for ehrlichia. the polymerase chain reaction products from positive samples were sequenced and found identical with each other. the 1458-bp nucleotide sequence of ehrlichial 16s rrna gene was o ... | 2011 | 20420536 |
| acaricidal activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from three piper species. | the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of piper amalago, piper mikanianum, and piper xylosteoides was elucidated by gas chromatography (gc) and gc/mass spectrometry analyses. p. mikanianum and p. xylosteoides essential oils presented phenylpropanoids as their main compounds (67.89% and 48.53%, respectively) whereas p. amalago was rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (84.95%). the essential oils obtained were investigated for ... | 2010 | 20428889 |
| evidence for role of white-tailed deer (artiodactyla: cervidae) in epizootiology of cattle ticks and southern cattle ticks (acari: ixodidae) in reinfestations along the texas/mexico border in south texas: a review and update. | from 1907 when the fever tick eradication campaign began until 1933, the tick eradication methods of dipping cattle in an acaricide or "pasture vacation" were enormously successful in eradicating southern cattle ticks [rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini)], until failures began to occur in some areas of florida. regarding the failures in florida, the consensus was that populations of white-tailed deer [odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann)] infested with southern cattle ticks were resp ... | 2010 | 20429430 |