| acetogenins in annona muricata l. (annonaceae) leaves are potent molluscicides. | an ethanolic extract of the leaves of annona muricata was shown to be toxic to adult forms of the snail biomphalaria glabrata (lc50 9.32 microg ml(-1)) and to larvae of the brine shrimp artemia salina (lc50 0.49 microg ml(-1)). activity-guided fractionation of the extract gave rise to a sample with high molluscicidal activity that contained the acetogenins, annonacin (90%), isoannonacin (6%) and goniothalamicin (4%). | 2006 | 16401556 |
| o-glycosylation of snails. | the glycosylation abilities of snails deserve attention, because snail species serve as intermediate hosts in the developmental cycles of some human and cattle parasites. in analogy to many other host-pathogen relations, the glycosylation of snail proteins may likewise contribute to these host-parasite interactions. here we present an overview on the o-glycan structures of 8 different snails (land and water snails, with or without shell): arion lusitanicus, achatina fulica, biomphalaria glabrata ... | 2012 | 22581130 |
| internal defenses of the snail biomphalaria glabrata. | injection of foreign particles (zymosan, latex beads, living bacteria) and substances (ferritine, horseradish peroxidase) in biomphalaria glabrata induces the rapid appearance of tubular double-helical filaments in the hemolymph. this rapid induction may be due to the polymerization of precursor proteins of the hemolymph. tubular helical filaments are also observed in normal snails, especially in the hemal spaces of the proximal kidney; they seem to belong to the extracellular matrix and form bu ... | 1999 | 10534411 |
| hsp70 expression in biomphalaria glabrata snails exposed to cadmium. | in this study, the effects of the heavy metal cadmium on the stress protein hsp70 are investigated in freshwater mollusks biomphalaria glabrata. adult snails were exposed for 96h to cdcl2 at concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 0.7mgl(-1) (lc50/96h=0.34 (0.30-0.37). time and concentration-dependent increases in the expression of hsp70 were observed at sub-lethal levels in the immunoblotting assay. further, an increased survival to a lethal heat shock was observed in animals pre-exposed to a nonle ... | 2017 | 28231501 |
| modelling of the distribution of biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria straminea in the metropolitan region of recife, pernambuco, brazil. | the occurrence of schistosomiasis is directly linked to the presence of its snail intermediate host biomphalaria spp. knowledge of geographical distribution, habitats and behaviour of these snails in relation to the climate is essential for guiding measures for disease prevention and control. this study aims to model the distribution of b. glabrata and b. straminea in schistosomiasis non-endemic areas of the metropolitan region of recife (mrr) based on environmental data and estimates of snail d ... | 2016 | 27903064 |
| wnt7b gene expression and functional analysis in the mussel mytilus coruscus. | to understand the potential functions of wnt7b in different developmental stages and adult tissues of the mussel mytilus coruscus, the wnt7b gene was cloned using the rapid amplification of cdna ends technique. the full-length wnt7b gene was 1910 bp long, with a 1059-bp open reading frame encoding 352 amino acids. the amino acid sequence of the m. coruscus wnt7b gene shared high homology with that of homo sapiens (59%), mus musculus (61%), danio rerio (61% similarity), biomphalaria glabrata (62% ... | 2016 | 27819717 |
| deep, multi-stage transcriptome of the schistosomiasis vector biomphalaria glabrata provides platform for understanding molluscan disease-related pathways. | the gastropod mollusc biomphalaria glabrata is well known as a vector for the tropical disease schistosomiasis, which affects nearly 200 million people worldwide. despite intensive study, our understanding of the genetic basis of b. glabrata development, growth and disease resistance is constrained by limited genetic resources, constraints for which next-generation sequencing methods provide a ready solution. | 2016 | 27793108 |
| steroid androgen exposure during development has no effect on reproductive physiology of biomphalaria glabrata. | gastropod mollusks have been proposed as alternative models for male reproductive toxicity testing, due to similarities in their reproductive anatomy compared to mammals, together with evidence that endocrine disrupting chemicals can cause effects in some mollusks analogous to those seen in mammals. to test this hypothesis, we used the freshwater pulmonate snail, biomphalaria glabrata, for which various genetic tools and a draft genome have recently become available, to investigate the effects o ... | 2016 | 27448327 |
| effects of γ-fe2o3 nanoparticles on the survival and reproduction of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) and their elimination from this benthic aquatic snail. | this study aims to evaluate the effects of maghemite nanoparticles (γ-fe2o3) coated with meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (dmsa) stabilizer on the survival and reproduction of the aquatic snail biomphalaria glabrata. the cumulative means of egg masses and eggs per individual in the control group at the end of 4 weeks were 18.8 and 326.7, respectively. these values at the concentration of 1 mg/l were 17.2 and 291.6; at 10 mg/l, they were 19.6 and 334.4 ,and at 100 mg/l, they were 14.3 and 311.1. ... | 2016 | 27282368 |
| effects of echinostoma caproni miracidia dose on the amino acid contents of biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. | the effects of 5, 20, and 40 miracidia dose exposures of echinostoma caproni on the amino acid contents of biomphalaria glabrata were studied using high performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry. amino acids were identified and quantified in whole bodies of exposed snails and in the uninfected matched controls at 2 and 4 weeks post-exposure. using cellulose layers with the mobile phase 2-butanol-pyridine-glacial acetic acid-deionized water (39:34:10:26) and ninhydrin detection reagent [ ... | 2016 | 26751880 |
| infection with schistosome parasites in snails leads to increased predation by prawns: implications for human schistosomiasis control. | schistosomiasis - a parasitic disease that affects over 200 million people across the globe - is primarily transmitted between human definitive hosts and snail intermediate hosts. to reduce schistosomiasis transmission, some have advocated disrupting the schistosome life cycle through biological control of snails, achieved by boosting the abundance of snails' natural predators. but little is known about the effect of parasitic infection on predator-prey interactions, especially in the case of sc ... | 2015 | 26677260 |
| social organization in parasitic flatworms--four additional echinostomoid trematodes have a soldier caste and one does not. | complex societies where individuals exhibit division of labor with physical polymorphism, behavioral specialization, and caste formation have evolved several times throughout the animal kingdom. recently, such complex sociality has been recognized in digenean trematodes; evidence is limited to 6 marine species. hence, the extent to which a soldier caste is present throughout the trematoda is sparsely documented, and there are no studies detailing the structure of a species lacking such a social ... | 2016 | 26560890 |
| fibrinogen-related proteins (freps) in mollusks. | anti-parasite responses of the snail biomphalaria glabrata involve antigen-reactive plasma lectins termed fibrinogen-related proteins (freps) comprising a c-terminal fibrinogen (fbg) domain and one or two upstream immunoglobulin domains. freps are highly polymorphic; they derive from several gene families with multiple loci and alleles that are diversified by exon loss, alternative splicing, and random somatic mutation (gene conversion and point mutations). individual b. glabrata snails have dyn ... | 2015 | 26537379 |
| on the ultrastructure and function of rhogocytes from the pond snail lymnaea stagnalis. | rhogocytes, also termed "pore cells", occur as solitary or clustered cells in the connective tissue of gastropod molluscs. rhogocytes possess an enveloping lamina of extracellular matrix and enigmatic extracellular lacunae bridged by cytoplasmic bars that form 20 nm diaphragmatic slits likely to act as a molecular sieve. recent papers highlight the embryogenesis and ultrastructure of these cells, and their role in heavy metal detoxification. rhogocytes are the site of hemocyanin or hemoglobin bi ... | 2015 | 26488403 |
| schistosomiasis in southern brazil 17 years after the confirmation of the first autochthonous case. | schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is an important public health issue in brazil, particularly northern brazil. since the first recorded occurrence of biomphalaria glabrata in the states of santa catarina and rio grande do sul, it has spread to south brazil. | 2015 | 26108019 |
| correction: a novel bacterial pathogen of biomphalaria glabrata: a potential weapon for schistosomiasis control? | | 2015 | 26075883 |
| the effects of the herbicide atrazine on freshwater snails. | atrazine has been shown to affect freshwater snails from the subcellular to community level. however, most studies have used different snail species, methods, endpoints, and atrazine exposure concentrations, resulting in some conflicting results and limiting our understanding. the goal of this study was to address these concerns by (1) investigating the acute and chronic effects of atrazine on four species of freshwater snails (biomphalaria glabrata, helisoma trivolvis, physa acuta, and stagnico ... | 2015 | 25971234 |
| p63 gene structure in the phylum mollusca. | roles of p53 family ancestor (p63) in the organisms' response to stressful environmental conditions (mainly pollution) have been studied among molluscs, especially in the genus mytilus, within the last 15 years. nevertheless, information about gene structure of this regulatory gene in molluscs is scarce. here we report the first complete genomic structure of the p53 family orthologue in the mollusc mediterranean mussel mytilus galloprovincialis and confirm its similarity to vertebrate p63 gene. ... | 2015 | 25936268 |
| a novel bacterial pathogen of biomphalaria glabrata: a potential weapon for schistosomiasis control? | schistosomiasis is the second-most widespread tropical parasitic disease after malaria. various research strategies and treatment programs for achieving the objective of eradicating schistosomiasis within a decade have been recommended and supported by the world health organization. one of these approaches is based on the control of snail vectors in endemic areas. previous field studies have shown that competitor or predator introduction can reduce snail numbers, but no systematic investigation ... | 2015 | 25719489 |
| deep mrna sequencing of the tritonia diomedea brain transcriptome provides access to gene homologues for neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and peptidergic signalling. | the sea slug tritonia diomedea (mollusca, gastropoda, nudibranchia), has a simple and highly accessible nervous system, making it useful for studying neuronal and synaptic mechanisms underlying behavior. although many important contributions have been made using tritonia, until now, a lack of genetic information has impeded exploration at the molecular level. | 2015 | 25719197 |
| usnic acid potassium salt: an alternative for the control of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | in brazil, the snail biomphalaria glabrata is the most important vector of schistosomiasis due to its wide geographical distribution, high infection rate and efficient disease transmission. among the methods of schistosomiasis control, the world health organization recommends the use of synthetic molluscicides, such as niclosamide. however, different substances of natural origin have been tested as alternatives for the control or eradication of mollusks. the literature describes the antitumor, a ... | 2014 | 25375098 |
| evaluation of the molluscicidal potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of jatropha gossypiifolia linnaeus, 1753 on biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | the action of extracts from the stem, leaves, and fruit of jatropha gossypiifolia on biomphalaria glabrata was studied by analyzing survival, feeding capacity and oviposition ability. the extracts were obtained by macerating the plant parts in 92% ethanol, which were then evaporated until a dry residue was obtained and phytochemically studied. the molluscicidal activity on b. glabrata was investigated using the procedures recommended by who (1965). the amount of food ingested and oviposition wer ... | 2015 | 25351545 |
| udp-n-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase from the snail biomphalaria glabrata - substrate specificity and preference of glycosylation sites. | o-glycosylation is a widely occurring posttranslational modification of proteins. the glycosylation status of a specific site may influence the location, activity and function of a protein. the initiating enzyme of mucin-type o-glycosylation is udp-galnac:polypeptide galnac transferase (ppgalnact; ec 2.4.1.41). using electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry, ppgalnact from the snail biomphalaria glabrata was characterized regarding its ability to glycosylate threonine and serine residues ... | 2014 | 25338825 |
| developmental toxicity, acute toxicity and mutagenicity testing in freshwater snails biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: gastropoda) exposed to chromium and water samples. | a protocol combining acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and mutagenicity analysis in freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata for application in ecotoxicological studies is described. for acute toxicity testing, lc50 and ec50 values were determined; dominant lethal mutations induction was the endpoint for mutagenicity analysis. reference toxicant potassium dichromate (k2cr2o7) was used to characterize b. glabrata sensitivity for toxicity and cyclophosphamide to mutagenicity testing purposes. c ... | 2014 | 25259848 |
| low-cost motility tracking system (locomotis) for time-lapse microscopy applications and cell visualisation. | direct visualisation of cells for the purpose of studying their motility has typically required expensive microscopy equipment. however, recent advances in digital sensors mean that it is now possible to image cells for a fraction of the price of a standard microscope. along with low-cost imaging there has also been a large increase in the availability of high quality, open-source analysis programs. in this study we describe the development and performance of an expandable cell motility system e ... | 2014 | 25121722 |
| exceptionally large mitochondrial fragments to the nucleus in sequenced mollusk genomes. | the available genome sequences of three mollusks (biomphalaria glabrata, aplysia californica and crassostrea gigas) were first used to investigate the nuclear mitochondrial dnas (numts) in mollusks. the analysis showed that the numt contents were high in b. glabrata (17.738 kb) and c. gigas (17.192 kb), of which all or almost all mtdna sequences were transferred to the nucleus, whereas numts are rare (584 bp) in a. californica. the length of numts was 61 to 5492 bp for b. glabrata, 1711 to 15,48 ... | 2016 | 25103445 |
| implications of water hardness in ecotoxicological assessments for water quality regulatory purposes: a case study with the aquatic snail biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | water hardness is a property depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals, mainly calcium and magnesium. among the strategies for water quality monitoring, ecotoxicological assays are performed to minimize impacts and classify water bodies. for these laboratory evaluations parameters are previously defined in the guidelines, including water hardness for both cultivation and testing medium. the present work was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of water hardness on the s ... | 2014 | 25055099 |
| digenean-gastropod host associations inform on aspects of specific immunity in snails. | gastropod immunology is informed importantly by the study of the frequent encounters snails endure with digeneans (digenetic trematodes). one of the hallmarks of gastropod-digenean associations is their specificity: any particular digenean parasite species is transmitted by a limited subset of snail taxa. we discuss the nature of this specificity, including its immunological basis. we then review studies of the model gastropod biomphalaria glabrata indicating that the baseline responses of snail ... | 2015 | 25034871 |
| 3d-ultrastructure, functions and stress responses of gastropod (biomphalaria glabrata) rhogocytes. | rhogocytes are pore cells scattered among the connective tissue of different body parts of gastropods and other molluscs, with great variation in their number, shape and size. they are enveloped by a lamina of extracellular matrix. their most characteristic feature is the "slit apparatus", local invaginations of the plasma membrane bridged by cytoplasmic bars, forming slits of ca. 20 nm width. a slit diaphragm creates a molecular sieve with permeation holes of 20×20 nm. in blue-blooded gastropod ... | 2014 | 24971744 |
| toxic effects of microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin on artemia salina, human cells, and the schistosomiasis vector biomphalaria glabrata. | the present study evaluated the toxicity of microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin (mvrl) to artemia salina, human tumour cell lines (larynx epidermoid carcinoma hep-2, nci-h292 lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and chronic myelocytic leukaemia k562), and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), as well as to biomphalaria glabrata embryos and adults. mvrl was toxic to a. salina (lc50=159.9 μg/ml), and exerted cytotoxic effects on nci-h292 cells (ic50=25.23 μg/ml). the lectin (1-100 μg/m ... | 2014 | 24954527 |
| a comparative cross-sectional study on the prevalence and morbidity of schistosomiasis in a community in northeastern brazil (1979-2010). | a cross-sectional study on the prevalence and morbidity of schistosomiasis was conducted in the main settlement of the municipality of alhandra, in the southern coastal region of the state of paraíba, in 2010. the results of this study were compared with the results of a previous study conducted in the same area in 1979. the systematic sampling per family conglomerate included approximately 10% of the resident population in the urban area of alhandra. faecal examinations were performed using the ... | 2014 | 24831552 |
| a benzoic acid derivative and flavokawains from piper species as schistosomiasis vector controls. | the search of alternative compounds to control tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis has pointed to secondary metabolites derived from natural sources. piper species are candidates in strategies to control the transmission of schistosomiasis due to their production of molluscicidal compounds. a new benzoic acid derivative and three flavokawains from piper diospyrifolium, p. cumanense and p. gaudichaudianum displayed significant activities against biomphalaria glabrata snails. additionally, " ... | 2014 | 24762961 |
| the holozoan capsaspora owczarzaki possesses a diverse complement of active transposable element families. | capsaspora owczarzaki, a protistan symbiont of the pulmonate snail biomphalaria glabrata, is the centre of much interest in evolutionary biology due to its close relationship to metazoa. the whole genome sequence of this protist has revealed new insights into the ancestral genome composition of metazoa, in particular with regard to gene families involved in the evolution of multicellularity. the draft genome revealed the presence of 23 families of transposable element, made up from dna transposo ... | 2014 | 24696401 |
| effects of 17α-methyltestosterone on the reproduction of the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata. | 17-α-methyltestosterone (mt) is a synthetic hormone used in fish hatcheries to induce male monosex. snails hold promise as possible test models to assess chemicals acting on the endocrine system. biomphalaria glabrata is an aquatic gastropod mollusk (pulmonata, planorbidae) that can be easily maintained in aquaria, predisposing the species for use in ecotoxicological testing. this study evaluated the reproductive effects of mt on b. glabrata by examining histological changes and its reproductive ... | 2014 | 24615026 |
| effects of echinostoma caproni miracidia dose on the neutral and polar lipids of biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. | the effects of a 5 versus 25 miracidia exposure of echinostoma caproni on the lipid composition of biomphalaria glabrata was studied using high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc)-densitometry. a 50 miracidia dose was not used because such a high level of exposure caused severe snail mortality by 3 weeks post-exposure (pe). lipids were determined in the digestive-gland gonad complex (dgg) of the exposed snails and in the uninfected matched controls at 2 and 4 weeks pe. extraction of li ... | 2013 | 24338329 |
| schistosomiasis mansoni in urban northeast brazil: influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of biomphalaria sp. | our objective was to evaluate the influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of biomphalaria in a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis in aracaju, brazil, during 2009-2010. | 2013 | 24270258 |
| molluscan cells in culture: primary cell cultures and cell lines. | in vitro cell culture systems from molluscs have significantly contributed to our basic understanding of complex physiological processes occurring within or between tissue-specific cells, yielding information unattainable using intact animal models. in vitro cultures of neuronal cells from gastropods show how simplified cell models can inform our understanding of complex networks in intact organisms. primary cell cultures from marine and freshwater bivalve and gastropod species are used as biomo ... | 2013 | 24198436 |
| expression and characterization of the first snail-derived udp-n-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. | udp-galnac:polypeptide galnac transferase (ppgalnact; ec 2.4.1.41) catalyzes the first step in mucin-type o-glycosylation. to date, several members of this large enzyme family have been analyzed in detail. in this study we present cloning, expression and characterization of the first representative of this type of glycosyltransferase from mollusk origin, namely from biomphalaria glabrata. the full length sequence of the respective gene was obtained by screening of a cdna library using homology-b ... | 2013 | 23877648 |
| molluscicidal and larvicidal activities and essential oil composition of cymbopogon winterianus. | context. cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor (poaceae), known as citronella grass, is an aromatic herbaceous plant and the essential oil extracted from this grass is used in cosmetics, perfumes, hygiene and cleanliness products worldwide. | 2013 | 23855832 |
| schistosomiasis control using piplartine against biomphalaria glabrata at different developmental stages. | schistosomiasis is one of the most significant diseases in tropical countries and affects almost 200 million people worldwide. the application of molluscicides to eliminate the parasite's intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata, from infected water supplies is one strategy currently being used to control the disease. previous studies have shown a potent molluscicidal activity of crude extracts from piper species, with extracts from piper tuberculatum being among the most active. | 2013 | 23755312 |
| new insights into parental effects and toxicity: mate availability and diet in the parental environment affect offspring responses to contaminants. | parental effects manifest as alterations in offspring phenotype resulting from the parental phenotype and/or parental environment. we evaluated the effects of parental diet quality and mating strategy on the toxicant tolerance of offspring in biomphalaria glabrata snails. we raised snails either individually (self-fertilizing) or in groups of three (outcrossing) on a diet of uncooked lettuce, fish food, cooked lettuce, or cooked lettuce plus fish food. we then exposed their offspring to cadmium ... | 2013 | 23727566 |
| transgenerational cross-tolerance to stress: parental exposure to predators increases offspring contaminant tolerance. | transgenerational effects of stressors can have important implications for offspring fitness and the responses of offspring to future stressful conditions. parental effects, a common type of transgenerational effect, are non-genetic influences on offspring phenotype that result from parental phenotypes or environments. little is known, however, about how parental exposure to a stressor effects offspring responses to other stressors despite this type of multi-stressor scenario being common. to be ... | 2013 | 23483328 |
| biological and environmental factors associated with risk of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in porto de galinhas, pernambuco state, brazil. | schistosomiasis has expanded to the coast of pernambuco state, brazil, where there are frequent reports of biomphalaria glabrata snails and human cases of the disease. this study analyzes factors related to schistosomiasis transmission risk in porto de galinhas. a one-year malacological survey was conducted to identify biological, abiotic, and environmental factors related to the host snail breeding sites. data analysis used excel 2010, gtm pro, and arcgis 10. a total of 11,012 b. glabrata snail ... | 2013 | 23459821 |
| biomphalaria straminea and biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: planorbidae) as new intermediate hosts of the fish eyefluke austrodiplostomum compactum (trematoda: diplostomidae) in brazil. | austrodiplostomum compactum has been involved in cases of ocular diplostomiasis in several species of fish in brazil, but the molluscan intermediate hosts of the parasite remain unknown. in the present study, malacological surveys were carried out at pampulha reservoir, belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, between january 2009 and july 2012. a total of 16,119 specimens of biomphalaria spp. were collected and examined, of which 68/14,948 specimens (0.45%) of biomphalaria straminea and 6/541 (1.1 ... | 2013 | 23360402 |
| infection of neonatal biomphalaria glabrata with the miracidia of echinostoma caproni. | we used a biomphalaria glabrata snail model for our studies and investigated the suitability of b. glabrata neonates, reared on a nostoc sp. diet, for infection with echinostoma caproni miracidia. we found that neonatal snails could become infected with e. caproni miracidia with 31 ± 11% standard error (se) of our exposed snails containing rediae infections at 4 wk post-exposure (pe). however, the survival of exposed neonates was significantly (p < 0.05, student's t-test) less than that of the u ... | 2013 | 23083470 |
| acetylcholine-binding protein in the hemolymph of the planorbid snail biomphalaria glabrata is a pentagonal dodecahedron (60 subunits). | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr) play important neurophysiological roles and are of considerable medical relevance. they have been studied extensively, greatly facilitated by the gastropod acetylcholine-binding proteins (achbp) which represent soluble structural and functional homologues of the ligand-binding domain of nachr. all these proteins are ring-like pentamers. here we report that achbp exists in the hemolymph of the planorbid snail biomphalaria glabrata (vector of the schistoso ... | 2012 | 22916297 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of co i gene of oncomelania snails from project of afforestation for schistosomiasis control in marshland endemic regions]. | to investigate the genetic difference of cytochrome oxidase i (co i ) of oncomelania snails from the project of afforestation for schistosomiasis control in marshland regions, so as to explore the effects of different ecological environments. | 2012 | 22799165 |
| in vivo studies on inhibition and recovery of b-esterase activities in biomphalaria glabrata exposed to azinphos-methyl: analysis of enzyme, substrate and tissue dependence. | cholinesterases and carboxylesterases belong to the group of b-esterases, the serine superfamily of esterases that are inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. it is now generally accepted that before using the b-esterases as biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in a given species, the biochemical characteristics of these enzymes should be carefully studied. in this study, the enzyme/s and the tissue/s to be selected as sensitive biomarkers of organophosphorus exposition in ... | 2012 | 22360939 |
| environmental endocrine disruptors and their effects on biomphalaria glabrata oviposition. | | 2011 | 21946719 |
| effects of the organophosphate insecticide azinphos-methyl on the reproduction and cholinesterase activity of biomphalaria glabrata. | azinphos-methyl is an organophosphate insecticide used for pest control on a number of food crops in many parts of the world. the snail biomphalaria glabrata is a freshwater gastropod widely distributed in south america, central america and africa. the aim of the present work was to investigate whether azinphos-methyl causes alterations in the reproduction of b. glabrata. to this end, gastropod pigmented specimens were exposed to various concentrations of the insecticide (0.021, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ... | 2011 | 21524429 |
| the unusual life cycle of daubaylia potomaca, a nematode parasite of helisoma anceps. | daubaylia potomaca is a parasitic nematode that exhibits a direct life cycle using planorbid snails as their only host. within the snail host helisoma anceps , all developmental stages of the parasite are present at any given time. the nematode has an unusual life cycle, with the adult female being the infective stage rather than the third-stage larvae (l(3)), as is commonly the case in many other parasitic nematode life cycles. in addition, length analysis showed that l(1) and l(2) were not pre ... | 2011 | 21506850 |
| tissue invasion of laboratory-reared biomphalaria glabrata by a harpacticoid copepod. | copepods were observed in the tissues of 3 of 23 biomphalaria glabrata snails examined histologically. all were heavily encapsulated by hemocytes and were dead. the copepods are most likely members of the order harpacticoida, based on external morphology. this tissue invasion appears to be accidental rather than symbiotic or predatory, but could be a cause of observed mortality in laboratory snail colonies. | 2011 | 21414323 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of radix balthica (pulmonata, basommatophora), obtained by low coverage shot gun next generation sequencing. | a 454-flx low-coverage sequencing approach was used to assemble the mitochondrial genome of radix balthica. the mtdna sequence is 13,993 nt long and contains 37 genes (13 protein coding genes, two rrnas and 22 trnas). four genes, the 12s rna and seven trnas are transcribed in reverse order. the sequence is at rich (71.3%), similar to other basommatophoran species. comparison with the most closely related mt genomes available (biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila) revealed identical ... | 2010 | 20875865 |
| a geoprocessing approach for studying and controlling schistosomiasis in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | geographical information systems (gis) are tools that have been recently tested for improving our understanding of the spatial distribution of disease. the objective of this paper was to further develop the gis technology to model and control schistosomiasis using environmental, social, biological and remote-sensing variables. a final regression model (r(2) = 0.39) was established, after a variable selection phase, with a set of spatial variables including the presence or absence of biomphalaria ... | 2010 | 20721503 |
| evaluation of a linear spectral mixture model and vegetation indices (ndvi and evi) in a study of schistosomiasis mansoni and biomphalaria glabrata distribution in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | this paper analyses the associations between normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) and enhanced vegetation index (evi) on the prevalence of schistosomiasis and the presence of biomphalaria glabrata in the state of minas gerais (mg), brazil. additionally, vegetation, soil and shade fraction images were created using a linear spectral mixture model (lsmm) from the blue, red and infrared channels of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer spaceborne sensor and the relationship bet ... | 2010 | 20721501 |
| adaptive responses and latent costs of multigeneration cadmium exposure in parasite resistant and susceptible strains of a freshwater snail. | population response to anthropogenic activities will be influenced by prior adaptation to environmental conditions. we tested how parasite-resistant and -susceptible strains of the freshwater snail, biomphalaria glabrata, responded to cadmium and elevated temperature challenges after having been exposed to low-level cadmium continuously for multiple generations. snails exposed to cadmium for three generations were removed for the fourth generation, and challenged in the fifth generation with (1) ... | 2010 | 20703799 |
| bateman gradients in hermaphrodites: an extended approach to quantify sexual selection. | sexual selection is often quantified using bateman gradients, which represent sex-specific regression slopes of reproductive success on mating success and thus describe the expected fitness returns from mating more often. although the analytical framework for bateman gradients aimed at covering all sexual systems, empirical studies are biased toward separate-sex organisms, probably because important characteristics of other systems remain incompletely treated. our synthesis complements the exist ... | 2010 | 20636132 |
| molluscicidal and ovicidal activities of plant extracts of the piperaceae on biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by schistosoma and occurs in 54 countries, mainly in south america, the caribbean region, africa and the eastern mediterranean. currently, 5 to 6 million brazilian people are infected and 30,000 are under infection risk. typical of poor regions, this disease is associated with the lack of basic sanitation and very frequently to the use of contaminated water in agriculture, housework and leisure. one of the most efficient methods of controlling the dis ... | 2011 | 20444299 |
| 8,15-epoxylabdane and norlabdane diterpenoids from eragrostis viscosa. | four labdanes with a 8alpha,15-epoxy ring (8alpha,15-epoxylabdan-16beta-oic acid; 8alpha,15-epoxy-16-norlabdan-13-one; 8alpha,15-epoxy-16-norlabdane; and 16-acetoxy-8alpha,15-epoxylabdane) and the known compound ambreinolide were isolated from the hexane extract of the aerial parts of the grass eragrostis viscosa. the structures of all compounds were established based on spectroscopic data and the x-ray analysis of 8alpha,15-epoxy-16-norlabdan-13-one. the hexane extract presented moderate activi ... | 2010 | 20189613 |
| size polymorphism in alleles of the myoglobin gene from biomphalaria mollusks. | introns are common among all eukaryotes, while only a limited number of introns are found in prokaryotes. globin and globin-like proteins are widely distributed in nature, being found even in prokaryotes and a wide range of patterns of intron-exon have been reported in several eukaryotic globin genes. globin genes in invertebrates show considerable variation in the positions of introns; globins can be found without introns, with only one intron or with three introns in different positions. in th ... | 2010 | 24710092 |
| gastropod immunobiology. | over their 500 million yearhistory, gastropods have radiated into marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments and adopted life styles ranging from herbivory to carnivory to endoparasitism to symbiont-mediated chemoautotrophy. they contend with many pathogens, including several lineages of specialized eukaryotic parasites. their immunobiology is as yet poorly known, in part because most studies focus on a very small segment of gastropod diversity. gastropod genome sequences are now forthcomin ... | 2010 | 21528691 |
| in search of the origin of freps: characterization of aplysia californica fibrinogen-related proteins. | all haemolymph lectins with uniquely juxtaposed n-terminal domain similar to the immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) and c-terminal fibrinogen (fbg) termed fbg-related proteins (frep) are documented till now only in the pulmonate mollusc biomphalaria glabrata. using genomic wgs database we have found two frep genes from marine opistobranch aplysia californica named acfrep1 and acfrep2. the acfrep1 and acfrep2 mrna molecules have been subsequently isolated from cdna of sea hare larvae as well as ad ... | 2010 | 20026348 |
| inhibition of cholinesterases and carboxylesterases of two invertebrate species, biomphalaria glabrata and lumbriculus variegatus, by the carbamate pesticide carbaryl. | in this study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of the carbamate carbaryl on the cholinesterase (che) and carboxylesterase (ces) activities present in the oligochaete lumbriculus variegatus and in the pigmented biomphalaria glabrata gastropod were investigated. the results showed that che activity from both species was inhibited by in vivo and in vitro exposure to carbaryl, with ec(50) and ic(50) values approximately 20 times lower for the oligochaete than for the gastropod. on the other ... | 2010 | 19879661 |
| the interaction of light and gravity on the transmission of echinostoma caproni (digenea: echinostomatidae) cercariae to the second intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda: pulmonata). | the current experiments were designed to assess the interaction of light and gravity on the transmission of echinostoma caproni cercariae to the second intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata. transmission chambers were constructed of clear polyvinyl chloride pipe covered with a black sleeve to exclude light. snails were constrained within the chamber to prevent movement, while permitting the cercariae to swim freely. a trial consisted of 2 infected b. glabrata shedding e. caproni cercariae pla ... | 2010 | 19842717 |
| no effect of mate novelty on sexual motivation in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata. | when mating effort (e.g. via ejaculates) is high, males are expected to strategically allocate their resources depending on the expected fitness gains from a given mating opportunity. one mechanism to achieve strategic mating is the coolidge effect, where male sexual motivation declines across repeated encounters with a familiar partner, but resuscitates when encountering a novel female. experimental tests of male mate choice via mechanisms such as the coolidge effect, however, remain scarce. mo ... | 2009 | 19818155 |
| toxicity of some glucose/mannose-binding lectins to biomphalaria glabrata and artemia salina. | schistosomiasis or bilharzia, which affects millions of people living in africa, asia and latin america, is closely associated with certain species of aquatic snails. one way of attacking the disease is to eradicate the host snails. molluscicidal activities of natural compounds are especially important in the widespread control of this tropical disease. as part of our search for natural compounds with molluscicidal properties for the vector control of schistosomiasis, we are now evaluating for t ... | 2010 | 19765980 |
| toxicity of a novel suspension concentrate of niclosamide against biomphalaria glabrata. | as a new suspension concentrate of niclosamide (scn) was more effective in controlling oncomelania snails than a wettable powder of the same drug, it was tested against biomphalaria glabrata. there were no differences in the effect of the suspension concentrate, the wettable powder of niclosamide and ball-milled pure niclosamide against the adult snails, but at after 48h 0.125mg/l scn killed 100% of eggs compared with 84.3% for wpn and 17.7% for pure niclosamide. because of the improved handling ... | 2010 | 19716575 |
| characterization of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (mr 300 kda) protein dependent pathway of lysosomal enzyme targeting in biomphalaria glabrata mollusc cells. | mammalian mannose 6-phosphate receptors (mpr 300 and 46) are involved in the targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes and only mpr 300 also participates in the endocytosis of various exogenous ligands. the present study describes for the first time the mpr 300 dependent pathway of lysosomal enzyme sorting in the biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (bge) cells. lysosomal enzymes (arylsulfatase a, beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase) were identified by their enzymatic activities and by im ... | 2009 | 19445999 |
| involvement of protein kinase c signalling and mitogen-activated protein kinase in the amebocyte-producing organ of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca). | mechanisms that regulate hemocyte production in molluscs, at either the organismal or cellular levels, are not well understood. in the present study, 24-h saline cultures of the amebocyte-producing organ (apo) of the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata were used to test for the potential involvement of protein kinase c (pkc) signalling in hematopoiesis. exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (pma), an activator of pkc, resulted in an increase in the number of dividing hematopoiet ... | 2009 | 19183562 |
| biologically active triterpenoids from cephalaria ambrosioides. | the roots of cephalaria ambrosioides yielded a new triterpene, 6alpha-hydroxyhederagenic acid ( 1), in addition to the known triterpene hederagenic acid ( 2) and four corresponding saponins, leontoside a (or akeboside stb) ( 3), kalopanax saponin a (or alpha-hederin) ( 4), saponin pg (or sapindoside b) ( 5), and dipsacoside b ( 6). their structures have been elucidated on the basis of their spectral data (ms, 1 d and 2 d nmr) and by some chemical transformations. the extract and all isolated com ... | 2009 | 19152225 |
| effect of cadmium, lead and arsenic on the oviposition, hatching and embryonic survival of biomphalaria glabrata. | biomphalaria glabrata is a widespread freshwater gastropod mollusc. the easy aquaculture of these organisms allow its use as an accessible tool for contamination bioassays. b. glabrata showed marked metabolic responses when exposed to cadmium, lead and arsenic. those responses could also affect the reproduction of the snails. taking into account this hypothesis, b. glabrata were exposed for 96 h (acute laboratory bioassays) to different concentrations of cadmium (0.1, 0.05 and 0 mg/l), lead (0.5 ... | 2009 | 19108873 |
| nodal signalling is involved in left-right asymmetry in snails. | many animals display specific internal or external features with left-right asymmetry. in vertebrates, the molecular pathway that leads to this asymmetry uses the signalling molecule nodal, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, which is expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm, and loss of nodal function produces a randomization of the left-right asymmetry of visceral organs. orthologues of nodal have also been described in other deuterostomes, including ascidians and ... | 2009 | 19098895 |
| the role of light and gravity in the experimental transmission of echinostoma caproni (digenea: echinostomatidae) cercariae to the second intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda: pulmonata). | trematode cercariae inhabit predictable environments and respond to trigger cues with genetically fixed releaser responses when foraging for the upstream host. the effect of light and gravity on the transmission of echinostoma caproni cercariae to biomphalaria glabrata was investigated experimentally. transmission chambers were constructed of clear polyvinyl chloride pipe. snails were constrained within the chamber to prevent movement, while permitting the cercariae to swim freely. a trial consi ... | 2009 | 18954154 |
| demographic responses to multigeneration cadmium exposure in two strains of the freshwater gastropod, biomphalaria glabrata. | a life table response experiment (ltre) was used to quantify the population-level effects of continuous, multigeneration cadmium exposure on two strains of the freshwater gastropod, biomphalaria glabrata: the parasite-resistant bs90 and parasite-susceptible nmri strains. snails were exposed to waterborne cadmium for three consecutive generations. survival, growth, and reproduction were measured empirically and incorporated into a stage-based, deterministic population model. cadmium significantly ... | 2009 | 18712500 |
| establishment of the comet assay in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | the single cell gel electrophoresis or the comet assay was established in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata. for detecting dna damage in circulating hemocytes, adult snails were irradiated with single doses of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 gy of (60)co gamma radiation. genotoxic effect of ionizing radiation was detected at all doses as a dose-related increase in dna migration. comet assay in b. glabrata demonstrated to be a simple, fast and reliable tool in the evaluation of genotoxic effects of en ... | 2008 | 18579435 |
| schistosome/mollusk: genetic compatibility. | schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic infections and has significant economic and public health consequences in many developing countries. economic development and improvement in standard of living in these countries are dependent on the elimination of this odious disease. for the control of schistosomiasis, understanding the host/parasite association is important, since the host parasite relationship is often complex and since questions remain concerning the susceptibility ... | 2008 | 18561386 |
| molluscicidal activity of 2-hydroxy-[1,4]naphthoquinone and derivatives. | the toxic profile of lawsone (2-hydroxy-[1,4]naphthoquinone) and a series of [1,4]naphthoquinone derivatives was evaluated against the brine shrimp artemia salina and against the mollusk biomphalaria glabrata, the main transmitting vector of schistosomiasis in brazil. of the seventeen compounds tested nine fell below the threshold of 100 microg/ml set for potential molluscicidal activity by the world health organization. as a general rule derivatives with non-polar substituents presented the hig ... | 2008 | 18506259 |
| synchronized expression of retinoid x receptor mrna with reproductive tract recrudescence in an imposex-susceptible mollusc. | the biocide tributyltin (tbt) causes the development of male sex characteristics in females of some molluscan species, a phenomenon known as imposex. recent evidence suggests that the retinoid x receptor (rxr) participates in tbt-induced imposex. accordingly, we hypothesized that rxr may contribute to the seasonal development of the male reproductive tract in molluscs and would be expressed in concert with this phenomenon. rxr was cloned and sequenced from an imposex-susceptble species, the east ... | 2008 | 18351115 |
| effect of echinostoma friedi (trematoda: echinostomatidae) experimental infection on longevity, growth and fecundity of juvenile radix peregra (gastropoda: lymnaeidae) and biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda: planorbidae) snails. | the effect of echinostoma friedi experimental infection on longevity, growth and fecundity of two susceptible first intermediate host snails, radix peregra and biomphalaria glabrata, was studied to contrast the level of compatibility. 120 r. peregra and 150 b. glabrata snails were used exposed to one, three or five miracidia and divided in three categories: inf (snails exposed and infected); eni (exposed but not infected) and c (control or not miracidial-exposed snails). r. peregra inf snails' d ... | 2007 | 17805574 |
| matrilin-like molecules produced by circulating hemocytes of the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) upon stimulation. | since invading the great lakes basin, usa, in 1980s, the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) has caused significant economic and ecologic devastation. the absence of major diseases led to the belief that zebra mussel may have extraordinary host defense mechanisms. this study was undertaken in order to better understand zebra mussel hemocyte functions. a suppressive subtraction hybridization (ssh) cdna library was constructed from naïve and stimulated hemocytes. stimulation was performed using a ... | 2007 | 17555814 |
| molluscicidal activities of six species of bignoniaceae from north-eastern brazil, as measured against biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions. | the molluscicidal profile and brine-shrimp bio-activity of the ethanolic extracts of plants from the bignoniaceae family were determined. the six extracts investigated were of the stems of melloa quadrivalvis and tabebuia aurea, and whole plants of adenocalymma comosum, arrabidaea parviflora, cuspidaria argentea and clytostoma binatum. when tested in the laboratory, with biomphalaria glabrata as the test snail, all six extracts gave median lethal concentrations (9-54 microg/ml) that fell well be ... | 2007 | 17524251 |
| molluscicidal activity (biomphalaria glabrata) of dioncophylline a: structure-activity investigations. | | 1998 | 17253270 |
| the correction of reaction rates in continuous fluorometric assays of enzymes. | the kinetic data obtained from the action of a cathepsin d-like enzyme from biomphalaria glabrata hepatopancreas (digestive gland) on mocac-gly-lys-pro-ile-leu-phe-phe-arg-leu-lys(dnp)-d-arg-nh(2), was studied as a data prototype, generated by means of a fluorogenic substrate. an initial fluorescence, due to incomplete energy transfer, of about 8% of the values attained after complete substrate hydrolysis; a non-linear standard curve even at microm concentrations and an exponential decay of the ... | 2007 | 17239954 |
| differential effects of paraquat on oxidative stress parameters and polyamine levels in two freshwater invertebrates. | paraquat is still a widely used herbicide in several countries. its toxic action on plants occurs through a one-electron reduction interfering with the photosynthesis process. by a similar reaction, the herbicide may induce peroxidation processes in non-target animal species. furthermore, paraquat may interfere with the cellular transport of polyamines. the aim of this work was to investigate some aspects related to paraquat-induction of oxidative stress (lipoperoxidation, enzymatic activities o ... | 2007 | 17196654 |
| identification and expression of gene transcripts generated during an anti-parasitic response in biomphalaria glabrata. | in order to gain further insights into the molecular basis of gastropod anti-parasite immune responses, we investigated transcripts of biomphalaria glabrata regulated during hemocytic encapsulation. using a snail strain that is resistant to the parasite echinostoma caproni, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to construct cdna libraries of transcripts more abundantly expressed in unexposed or parasite-exposed snails. after sequence analysis and quantitative pcr analysis of e ... | 2007 | 17166585 |
| compatibility in the biomphalaria glabrata/echinostoma caproni model: new candidate genes evidenced by a suppressive subtractive hybridization approach. | in order to elucidate mechanisms underlying snail/echinostome compatibility, numerous molecular studies comparing transcripts and proteins of biomphalaria glabrata susceptible or resistant to echinostoma caproni were undertaken. these studies focused on plasma and haemocytes of the two strains and revealed that some transcripts and/or proteins were differentially expressed between strains. the aim of the present study was to develop a complementary transcriptomic approach by constructing subtrac ... | 2007 | 17096871 |
| dominant lethal effects of 2,4-d in biomphalaria glabrata. | dominant lethal effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) were evaluated in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata. wild-type snails were exposed during 10 days to 50, 75 and 100ppm of 2,4-d dimethylamine salt (2,4-d dma) and paired with non-exposed albino snails 1, 11, 25 and 40 days after the exposure. the offspring of the non-exposed albino snails was scored for lethal malformations. one day after the exposure, a significant effect was observed at 75 and 100ppm witho ... | 2006 | 16973407 |
| infectivity of echinostoma friedi miracidia to different snail species under experimental conditions. | the infectivity of echinostoma friedi (trematoda: echinostomatidae) miracidia was studied experimentally in a range of laboratory-reared snails that coexist in the same natural locality, namely radix peregra, lymnaea fuscus, l. truncatula (lymnaeidae), gyraulus chinensis, helisoma duryi (planorbidae) and physella acuta (physidae), and snails from different geographical origins acting naturally or experimentally as intermediate hosts of schistosoma spp., namely planorbarius metidjensis (from mála ... | 2006 | 16923279 |
| compatibility in the biomphalaria glabrata/echinostoma caproni model: potential involvement of proteins from hemocytes revealed by a proteomic approach. | as an approach to investigate the suspected involvement of cellular factors in biomphalaria glabrata resistance/susceptibility to echinostoma caproni, we compared protein patterns from hemocytes collected from susceptible and resistant snails. this proteomic approach revealed that twelve hemocytic proteins exhibited significant differences in their apparent abundance. the genes corresponding to five of them were characterized by a combination of mass spectrometry and molecular cloning. they enco ... | 2006 | 16792992 |
| potential use of glycogen level as biomarker of chemical stress in biomphalaria glabrata. | biomphalaria glabrata, a freshwater gastropod mollusc, was tested as biondicator organism to assess cadmium, lead and arsenic exposure using acute laboratory bioassays. modifications of glycogen levels were measured in different anatomical regions of b. glabrata in order to test the usefulness of this parameter as a general biomarker of chemical stress. the snails were exposed 96 h to different concentrations of the following contaminants: 0.1 and 0.05 mg cd/l; 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05 mg pb/l; 0.5, 0. ... | 2006 | 16740351 |
| inhibition of cholinesterase activity by azinphos-methyl in two freshwater invertebrates: biomphalaria glabrata and lumbriculus variegatus. | in this study, some biochemical features and the extent of inhibition induced by the organophosphorous pesticide azinphos-methyl on the cholinesterase (che) activity present in whole soft tissue of two freshwater invertebrate species, the gastropod biomphalaria glabrata and the oligochaete lumbriculus variegatus were investigated. both invertebrate organisms presented marked differences in che activity, type of enzymes and subcellular location. acetylthiocholine was the substrate preferred by b. ... | 2006 | 16597480 |
| high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with echinostoma caproni. | this study examined the effects of larval trematode infection on the neutral lipid and phospholipid content of biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with the daughter rediae of echinostoma caproni. uninfected snails were used as matched controls. as determined by qualitative high-performance silica gel thin-layer chromatography (hptlc), the major neutral lipids present in the whole bodies and digestive gland-gonad complexes in both snail populations were free sterols, free fatty acids, and tri ... | 2006 | 16583202 |
| baylis-hillman adducts with molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata. | the molluscicidal activities of ten baylis-hillman adducts against biomphalaria glabrata (say) snails, the intermediate host of schistosomiasis, have been determined. nine of these compounds showed significant molluscicidal activity against b. glabrata, falling below the threshold of 100 microg ml(-1) set for potential molluscicidal activity by the world health organisation. among these compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanenitrile had the highest activity, with lc(50) = 6.64 ... | 2006 | 16475220 |
| tetrapleura tetraptera: molluscicidal activity and chemical constituents. | tetrapleura tetraptera (schumach. and thonn) taub, mimosaceae, commonly known as aridan (fruit), a single stemmed, robust, perennial tree of about 30 m. it has a grey/brown, smooth/rough bark with glabrous yound branchlets. the flower is yellow/pink and racemes white the fruit has dark brown, four winged pods 12-25 x 3.5-6.5 cm. it is generally found in the lowland forest of tropical africa. the fruit consists of a fleshy pulp with small, brownish-black seeds. the fruit possesses a fragrant, cha ... | 2006 | 20162069 |
| compatibility in the biomphalaria glabrata/echinostoma caproni model: potential involvement of adhesion genes. | because susceptibility or resistance of biomphalaria glabrata to the trematode echinostoma caproni correlates with differential hemocytic adhesive properties, we compared the expression of genes involved in adhesion processes between hemocytes from susceptible and resistant snails. quantitative reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis revealed four genes whose transcripts were differentially represented between hemocytes from resistant and susceptible snails. these genes encode two dermatopontin-like, ... | 2006 | 16310790 |
| new 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-aza-anthraquinones and 2-aminoalkyl compounds from norlapachol with molluscicidal activity. | new nitrogen derivatives from norlapachol, including four new diastereomeric 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-aza-anthraquinones obtained from the prins cyclization on suitable aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal derivatives with formic acid, were found to exhibit molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata. these derivatives showed low to medium lc(50) values, similar to those reported previously for the homologous series of nitrogen derivatives of lapachol. the toxicity profile against artemia salin ... | 2005 | 16140019 |
| efficient rnai-based gene family knockdown via set cover optimization. | we address the problem of selecting an efficient set of initiator molecules (sirnas) for rna interference (rnai)-based gene family knockdown experiments. our goal is to select a minimal set of sirnas that (a) cover a targeted gene family or a specified subset of it, (b) do not cover any untargeted genes, and (c) are individually highly effective at inducing knockdown. | 2007 | 16084706 |
| mitotic arrest and toxicity in biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: pulmonata) exposed to colchicine. | continuous exposure of biomphalaria glabrata snails to 0.1% colchicine resulted in a significant increase, relative to non-exposed snails, in the number of arrested mitotic figures in the amebocyte-producing organ (apo) as soon as 4 h, with peak numbers after 12 h of exposure. the number of circulating hemocytes was significantly elevated at 24 h. however, by 72 h both the number of mitotic figures in the apo and the concentration of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph had returned to control ... | 2005 | 15950238 |
| molluscicidal activity of some brazilian solanum spp. (solanaceae) against biomphalaria glabrata. | plants in the genus solanum (solanaceae) produce a great variety of steroidal saponins and glycoalkaloids that confer natural resistance against several pests. methanolic extracts of 13 solanum species have now been tested for molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata. the extracts investigated were prepared from the fruit of s. asperum, s. capsicoides, s. palinacantum, s. paludosum, s. paniculatum, s. paraibanum and s. sisymbriifolium, the aerial parts of s. asperum, s. capsicoides, ... | 2005 | 15949190 |
| cercarial tail loss in echinostoma caproni: the influence of in vivo encystment and copper sulphate. | echinostoma caproni tail loss was studied in vitro in the presence of the toxicant copper sulphate (cuso4) in concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 000 mg l(-1) in standardized artificial spring water (ph 7.4, osmolarity 34 mosm kg(-1) h2o, ca(2+) 20 mg l(-1)) at 23 degrees c. tail loss was also studied in the absence of toxicants during in vivo encystment of the cercariae in juvenile biomphalaria glabrata. as the concentration of cuso4 increased, the percentage of cercarial tail loss increased. b ... | 2005 | 15946400 |