| interconverting gating modes of a nonselective cation channel from the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus reconstituted on planar lipid bilayers. | a 107-ps (symmetrical 150 mm kcl), nonselective cation channel was reconstituted from a microsomal membrane fraction of the larval stage of the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus. most of the time, it displayed a high open probability (>>0.95) irrespective of either the applied voltage, ca2+, ba2+, or tetraethylammonium concentration. nevertheless, in contrast with this "leaklike" behavior, less frequently this "all-the-time-open" channel reversibly entered two different kinetic modes. one of them ... | 1997 | 9211724 |
| vaccination against hydatidosis using a defined recombinant antigen. | echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of hydatid disease in humans and animals. natural transmission of the parasite occurs between dogs as definitive hosts and animal intermediate hosts. there is an urgent need for improved methods to control the parasite's transmission. here we describe the development of a vaccine based on a cloned recombinant antigen from the parasite egg (oncosphere). sheep-vaccinated with the antigen, designated eg95, are protected (mean 96-98%) against hydatidosi ... | 1996 | 9226681 |
| carbohydrates on the surface of echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces are immunodominant in mice. | a carbohydrate enriched soluble fraction (chp) was prepared by mild treatment of viable echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (psc) with the enzyme endoglycosidase-f (endo-f) and characterized by sds-page, glycoside- inhibition elisa, and immunoblotting. three groups of four balb/c mice were immunized with the chp, with the remaining deglycosylated psc (dgp) and with dead psc (dpsc) to analyse the relative immunogenicity of carbohydrates on the surface of psc. a fourth sentinel group was not imm ... | 1996 | 9226694 |
| immunological responses to antigen b from echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid in hydatid patients. | the immunological reactivity of echinococcus granulosus antigen b was evaluated in 30 hydatid patients. antigen b was purified from sheep hydatid cyst fluid by electroelution from a non-reducing sds-page gel (agb). in elisa and immunoblotting (ib), determining antibody production in sera from patients with hydatid disease and with other parasitic infections, purified agb showed higher specificity than a partially purified antigen named ph5ppt (100% vs 83% in ph5ppt-elisa and 58% in ph5ppt-ib). a ... | 1996 | 9226695 |
| two different 8 kda monomers are involved in the oligomeric organization of the native echinococcus granulosus antigen b. | the present work describes the purification and characterization of antigen b (agb), the thermostable lipoprotein from e. granulosus. native agb was purified to homogeneity by a new strategy involving adsorption on deae-sepharose, followed by immunopurification. the purified antigen was analysed using mapped monoclonal antibodies (moabs) and peptide isolation by in situ digestion in gels after sds-page. epitope mapping of 7 moabs using pepscan, synthetic peptides and competition studies, reveale ... | 1996 | 9226697 |
| purification and n-terminal amino acid sequencing of echinococcus granulosus antigen 5. | antigen 5, a major parasite-derived lipoprotein of unilocular hydatid (echinococcus granulosus) cyst fluid, comprises subunits of 56-70 kda which dissociate on disulphide bound reduction to two subunits of approximately 25 and 38 kda on sds-page. the 38 kda component is recognized as a potentially important diagnostic marker for cystic hydatid disease. single dimensional sds-page, two dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis, modified '2-d' gel electrophoresis, immunoaffinity-purification and hlpc ... | 1996 | 9226698 |
| antigenic polypeptides of echinococcus granulosus oncospheres and definition of protective molecules. | immunoblotting and in vitro oncosphere-killing were used to identify a putative protective molecule in echinococcus granulosus mature oncospheres. a range of sera from sheep that had been shown to be protected against e. granulosus, and from those that were not, were tested. the sera used were obtained from sheep hyperimmunized with e. granulosus oncospheres, or immunized with oncosphere non-denatured extract, with immature oncosphere extract or with denatured extracts of oncospheres. results in ... | 1996 | 9229388 |
| comparison of complement activation in vitro by different echinococcus granulosus extracts. | in the present study we have investigated and compared in vitro the specific complement (c) activating activity of three metacestode preparations of echinococcus granulosus. extracts from hydatid cyst fluid (hcf-ext), protoscoleces (psc-ext) and hydatid cyst membrane (hcm-ext) activated human c producing c3 conversion and generating the c5b6 complex and the terminal c complex (tcc). hcm-ext showed much lower c activating activity than psc-ext and hcf-ext. moreover, its ability to generate c5b6 a ... | 1996 | 9229390 |
| antibody response of echinococcus granulosus infected mice: recognition of glucidic and peptidic epitopes and lack of avidity maturation. | the antibody response was followed weekly during 68 weeks in 17 balb/c mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected with 2000 echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (psc) and in three mice i.p. immunized with 2000 dead psc. antibodies against hydatid cyst fluid (hcfa) and its peptidic (periodate-resistant) and carbohydrate (periodate-sensitive) epitopes were titrated by elisa. avidity and the antigen recognition pattern of antibodies were also analysed during infection and immunization by elisa and imm ... | 1996 | 9229393 |
| immunology of echinococcus granulosus infections. | | 1997 | 9236936 |
| expression and immunological characterisation of echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen b for igg4 subclass detection in human cystic echinococcosis. | a 165bp dna fragment derived from the 12 kda subunit of echinococcus granulosus antigen b (agb), a major hydatid cyst fluid antigen was cloned in the pma1-c2 expression vector. a 52 kda maltose binding-agb fusion protein (ragb.mbp) was produced and inclusion bodies containing the fusion protein were solubilised in urea and affinity purified on an amylose-sepharose 6b column. the immunogenicity of the purified recombinant antigen for igg4 antibody detection was tested with human serum using immun ... | 1997 | 9236937 |
| vaccination against echinococcus in perspective. | vaccination of intermediate hosts will effectively reduce the prevalence of human echinococcosis. the rate of progress can be enhanced by concurrent tactical treatment of definitive hosts. the oncosphere of echinococcus granulosus contains a specific protein which when expressed on the oncosphere surface will combine with specific antibody in the presence of complement, damage is caused to the plasma membrane, resulting in failure of the oncosphere to develop into a metacestode. immunisation of ... | 1997 | 9236938 |
| public health importance of cystic echinococcosis in latin america. | human cystic echinococcosis (ce) caused by larval echinococcus granulosus is a zoonosis of major public health importance throughout latin america. the andean and south cone regions have been recognized as endemic areas of cystic echinococcosis. this paper reviews prevalence in argentina, chile, uruguay, brazil and peru. | 1997 | 9236943 |
| public health aspects of cystic echinococcosis in the arab countries. | human cystic echinococcosis (ce) caused by larval echinococcus granulosus is a zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the region comprising arab north africa and the middle east. prevalence rates are determined by epizootiological factors related to the size of stray dog population and its worm burden and to the infection rates in the intermediate host reservoir livestock population. socio-economic development and socio-cultural practices are considered important determinants in t ... | 1997 | 9236944 |
| cloning and expression of a cdna encoding a nonintegrin laminin-binding protein from echinococcus granulosus with localization of the laminin-binding domain. | we have isolated a cdna from the hydatid tapeworm, echinococcus granulosus, encoding a protein that binds laminin. this is the first report of a helminth parasite laminin-binding protein and the first description of a cdna encoding a laminin-binding protein from a parasite. the cdna clone (egmo3) was isolated from an e. granulosus protoscolex cdna expression library, and identified on the basis of sequence homology to the nonintegrin mammalian metastasis-associated 67-kda laminin receptor (67-lr ... | 1997 | 9247929 |
| a protein with a novel calcium-binding domain associated with calcareous corpuscles in echinococcus granulosus. | a novel intracellular calcium-binding protein from echinococcus granulosus is described in this work. a cdna was isolated from a lambdagt11 protoscolex expression library and the deduced amino acid sequence has at least fifteen sequentially repeated twelve-residue repeats that resemble the calcium-binding loop of ef-hands; however, the dodecamer motif has no flanking helices. the cdna was expressed in escherichia coli using the pgex vector, and a recombinant fusion protein (egcabp1-gst) was obta ... | 1997 | 9268732 |
| distinguishing lipid pseudomembranes from larval cestodes by morphologic and histochemical means. | contributors regularly submit specimens to our institute and suggest a diagnosis of cestode infection, but the structures in question are actually lipomembranous changes that produce lipid pseudomembranes. this required a reproducible method to distinguish lipid pseudomembranes from body walls of cestodes. | 1997 | 9278622 |
| echinococcus granulosus: cloning and characterization of a tandemly repeated dna element. | a repetitive dna element from the genome of the cestode echinococcus granulosus has been cloned and sequenced. the 186-base-pair repeating units are arranged in direct tandem, probably clustered in the parasite genome. the estimated copy number of the repeat is 11,500 and represents between 2 and 3% of the parasite genome. the repetitive sequence is specific for echinococcus since it does not cross-hybridize with either dna of other cestode species or pig and dog dna. the repetitive element is c ... | 1997 | 9287959 |
| [hydatidosis/echinococcosis in general acha, la pampa province, argentina]. | hydatidosis situation in the general acha area (la pampa province) is described herein. the work comprises a retrospective compilacion of new hydatidosis human cases, the findings in seroepidemiological surveys with enzyme immuno assay (eia) for hydatidosis in human population, and investigation on dog echinococcus granulosus infection prevalence carried out on the basis of arecoline bromhydrate application. sixteen human cases were detected during 1994 (incidence rate: 26.7/100,000), founding a ... | 1996 | 9302783 |
| a pilot, serological survey for cystic echinococcosis in north-western mongolia. | the seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in north-western mongolia was determined in a cross-sectional study of 334 semi-nomadic pastoralists in their summer grazing areas. overall, 5.2% of the subjects were found to be strongly seropositive for antibodies to echinococcus granulosus antigen b by elisa. only 10% of the adult subjects (aged > or = 15 years) had heard of the disease and only 5% recognized hydatid cysts in their livestock (in contrast to the neighbouring province in china, where ... | 1997 | 9307659 |
| [diagnosis and treatment of unilocular hydatid disease (echinococcus granulosus infection)]. | unilocular hydatid disease occurs in humans after oral intake of eggs of the dog tapeworm, echinococcus granulosus. cysts develop mostly in the liver, but sometimes also in the lung. the diagnosis of echinococcus infection is based on history-taking, physical examination, ultrasound and ct examination and serological testing; the diagnosis is confirmed by parasitological examination of cystic fluid. treatment until some 15 years ago consisted in operation. subsequently, treatment with initially ... | 1997 | 9340553 |
| echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 may be a serine proteinase. | | 1997 | 9340598 |
| remarks on the phylogeny and structure of fatty acid binding proteins from parasitic platyhelminths. | four fatty acid binding proteins (fabps) have been described in 4 parasitic platyhelminths: schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, fasciola hepatica and echinococcus granulosus. fabps form a multigenic family of cytosolic proteins widely distributed in metazoan tissues, the function of which is still poorly understood. these helminth proteins have recently received attention, since there are reports to indicate that s. mansoni and f. hepatica fabps may be protective antigens. in addition, t ... | 1997 | 9363483 |
| nonsurgical therapy for pulmonary hydatid cyst disease. | therapeutic and diagnostic aspiration of echinococcus granulosus liver cysts, but not pulmonary cysts, are increasingly being performed. documented herein is the utility of percutaneous drainage and of albendazole treatment in a patient with a large recurrent, isolated, pulmonary echinococcal cyst for whom traditional therapy would have resulted in severe morbidity. therapeutic options and possible complications are discussed. | 1997 | 9367489 |
| [the current state of the medical treatment of abdominal hydatidosis (echinococcus granulosus)]. | | 1997 | 9377237 |
| uncommon locations of hydatid disease: ct appearances. | hydatid disease (hd), already known by hippocrates, is prevalent and widespread in most sheep-raising countries in asia, australia, south america, near east, and southern europe. the disease is most commonly due to echinococcus granulosus and may occur in any organ or tissue. the location is mostly hepatic (75 %) and pulmonary (15 %), and only 10 % occur in the rest of the body [1]. imaging modalities such as us, ct, and mr imaging are helpful in diagnosing the disease. the reliability of each m ... | 1997 | 9377519 |
| cellular and humoral immune responses of hydatidosis patients to echinococcus granulosus purified antigens. | the cellular and humoral immune responses of 41 hydatidosis patients, 12 healthy uninfected individuals, and seven patients with other parasitic diseases were determined using serologic and lymphoproliferative assays (lpas), respectively. echinococcal antigens were obtained by gel filtration of crude hydatid cyst fluid (hcf) on a sephadex g-200 column. the fractions contained either a mixture of antigens a plus b or antigen b alone that was further enriched by boiling. all the hydatidosis patien ... | 1997 | 9392606 |
| [disabling pelvic osteomyelitis caused by echinococcus granulosus]. | | 1997 | 9410058 |
| [primary retroperitoneal hydatidosis]. | genitourinary involvement by the echinococcus granulosus larvae (urinary hydatidosis) ranks third in order of frequency after liver and lung involvement. the finding of a primary hydatidic cyst with retroperitoneal location is an uncommon fact. this paper presents once case of this infrequent disease. a revision of the different etiopathogenic mechanisms, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is made. | 1997 | 9412184 |
| epidemiology of hydatid disease in the mediterranean basin with special reference to italy. | hydatidosis, caused by dog tapeworms of the genus echinococcus, is one of the most important cestode infections in man. of the four species of the genus echinococcus, only echinococcus granulosus is widespread in the mediterranean basin which is still, unfortunately, a major endemic focus. this article critically reviews its diffusion in humans and sheep over the past twenty years. although most of the available data are scarce, fragmentary, and not homogeneous, they represent the only possibili ... | 1997 | 9419847 |
| histopathology, clinical findings and treatment of renal hydatidosis. | renal hydatidosis, although not frequent, is the third location of the echinococcus granulosus in the man, after the liver and lungs. its clinical importance is remarkable as the natural history of the process (if left untreated) usually results in the opening of the parasitic focus into the excretory ducts and the complete destruction of the kidney. in spite of that, insufficient attention is usually dedicated to the topic. so in the lecture the major aspects of the problem have been considered ... | 1997 | 9419907 |
| in vivo effect of oral albendazole and albendazole sulphoxide on development of secondary echinococcosis in mice. | this paper describes the effectiveness of abz, abz.so and abz + abz.so treatment in mice infected with echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. the results were evaluated in two ways: measuring the number and wet weight of developed cysts and by transmission electron microscopy (tem) of tissue cyss. abz and abz + abz.so had an important effect upon larval growth in e. granulosus. the ultrastructural changes noted were: vacuolation of tegumentary cells of the germinal membrane; increased number of ... | 1997 | 9421721 |
| the homeobox-containing gene eghbx3 from echinococcus granulosus is expressed in the stalk of protoscoleces. | the homeobox-containing gene eghbx3 from echinococcus granulosus is expressed in the stalk of protoscoleces. the expression of the homeobox-containing gene eghbx3 from e. granulosus was studied in protoscoleces by in situ hybridisation techniques. a method for performing in situ hybridisations on whole mounted hydatic material is described. our results show a clear positive signal at the protoscolex stalk, when using the antisense eghbx3 probe. this signal is particularly strong in the proximal ... | 1997 | 9421727 |
| presence of a conserved domain of gata transcription factors in echinococcus granulosus. | in order to characterize gata transcription factors in echinococcus granulosus, a pcr-based cloning strategy was developed. degenerate oligonucleotides were designed for the most conserved sequence in gata proteins that include 20 amino acids of the zinc domain. a 60 bp fragment was isolated that had high homology among this sequence and those reported in other species. an analogous sequence was obtained by performing the same procedure with dna from the free living platyhelminth dugesia tigrina ... | 1997 | 9443956 |
| antibody response of echinococcus granulosus infected mice: protoscolex specific response during infection is associated with decreasing specific igg1/igg3 ratio as well as decreasing avidity. | the antibody response was followed during 68 weeks in 17 balb/c mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected with echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (psc) and in three mice i.p. immunized with dead psc. titres of antibodies recognizing peptidic and glucidic psc epitopes, as well as their isotypic and avidity profiles were followed by elisa. in addition, antigen recognition patterns were analysed by immunoblot. the response against carbohydrate epitopes was dominant in infected and immunized mice bu ... | 1997 | 9458466 |
| echinococcus granulosus: a seroepidemiological survey in northern israel using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | following an intensive health education programme, 8651 finger-prick blood samples, 4122 from a predominantly adult group attending a primary care clinic and 4529 from schoolchildren, were collected in tamra, northern israel. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for immunoglobulin g (igg) was used to detect anti-echinococcus granulosus antibodies, using both crude and purified antigens. the seroprevalence in the adult group was 0.48% (20/4122); optical density values were 0.1-0.14 in 10 ... | 1997 | 9463658 |
| echinococcus granulosus myophilin--relationship with protein homologues containing "calponin-motifs". | myophilin, a smooth-muscle protein of the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus, was recently postulated to be a member of the calponin family of proteins. a detailed genetic analysis revealed that 17 proteins had significant homology with the amino-acid sequence of the n-terminal region of myophilin and/or possessed one or more "calponin-motifs". comparison of the amino-acid sequences of the n-terminus showed that the homologous proteins clustered into distinct groups based on the number of calponin ... | 1997 | 9467742 |
| coproantigen detection in dogs experimentally and naturally infected with echinococcus granulosus by a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a sandwich elisa for the detection of echinococcus granulosus coproantigen in formalin and heat-treated faecal supernatants of dogs was developed. the assay used affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbits hyperimmunised with e. granulosus excretory/secretory antigens and biotinylated monoclonal antibody ema9 produced against adult e. multilocularis somatic extract. the test was sensitive to 7 ng and 2.3 ng of e. granulosus protein and carbohydrate/ml of faecal supernatant, res ... | 1997 | 9467748 |
| mitochondrial genomic markers confirm the presence of the camel strain (g6 genotype) of echinococcus granulosus in north-western china. | twenty-eight isolates of e. granulosus, collected from humans at surgery, and a range of intermediate hosts, including sheep, cattle and camels from abattoirs in north and south xinjiang uygur autonomous region, people's republic of china, were analysed for dna sequence variation within regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit i (ndi) genes. the isolates were categorized into 2 distinct and uniform genotypic groupings, based on the sequences obtain ... | 1998 | 9481771 |
| [cerebral hydatic cysts in children]. | brain cysts caused by echinococcus granulosus are rare; they occur during childhood in endemic areas. | 1997 | 9488746 |
| epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus infection in the central peruvian andes. | the prevalence of human, canine, and ovine echinococcosis was determined in an endemic area of the peruvian andes where control programmes have not been operational since 1980. prevalence of infection in humans was determined using portable ultrasound, chest x-rays, and an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) assay. canine and ovine echinococcal prevalence was determined by microscopic stool examinations following arecoline purging for tapeworm detection and by examination of the visc ... | 1997 | 9509628 |
| oxfendazole treatment for cystic hydatid disease in naturally infected animals. | few chemotherapeutic agents are available for the medical management of hydatid disease caused by the parasite echinococcus granulosus. in order to test the potential of oxfendazole for the treatment of infection with this parasite, nine infected goats and four sheep were given oxfendazole twice weekly at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks and monitored by ultrasound for an additional 4 weeks. efficacy was finally evaluated by postmortem examination, including determination of protosc ... | 1998 | 9517939 |
| echinococcus granulosus infection of farm dogs of iran. | the prevalence and distribution of echinococcus granulosus in sheepdogs was studied in 13 provinces of iran, where 90% of the iranian sheep and goat populations and, thus, sheepdogs are found. worms were found in 27.17% of 390 dogs successfully purged with 4 mg/kg arecoline hydrobromide. the highest prevalence was detected in dogs from the rural areas of isfahan (central part of iran) and the lowest, in dogs from those of sistan (southeast iran). the frequency distribution of e. granulosus was o ... | 1998 | 9521009 |
| development and morphological variability of echinococcus granulosus. | characteristics are presented of echinococcus granulosus strobila from dogs experimentally infected with protoscolices from a single cyst isolated from the liver of a domestic pig in a central slovakian district. adult cestodes are characterized mainly by 28-32 hooks highly variable in shape and size; 26-51 testes situated mostly throughout the proglottis (1 or 3 rows behind the vitelline gland); a lobate ovary; the shape of the uterus, which in 10% of proglottides is more or less spherical, in ... | 1998 | 9521012 |
| [a case of echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst in a zoo born dromedary in the berlin-fridrichsfelde zoo]. | in germany, the threat to human health by the small fox tapeworm (echinococcus multilocularis) has been increasingly discussed in the last few years. on the other hand, the hydatid worm of the dog (echinococcus granulosus) became more and more rare in germany and was often declared to be eradicated. this paper presents a case of hydatid infection of the lung in an adult dromedary (camelus dromedarius), which was born and kept all its life at tierpark berlin-friedrichsfelde. questions connected w ... | 1998 | 9542809 |
| bacterial and parasitic cholangitis. | bacterial cholangitis is a clinically defined syndrome caused by the regurgitation of infected bile into the circulation. the pathogenic mechanism is unclear, and systemic sepsis may not occur. prerequisite conditions are the presence of microorganisms in the bile and increased biliary pressure. bacteria that commonly cause cholangitis are escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterococcus, enterobacter, pseudomonas, and anaerobes. although most infections are polymicrobial, this situation may not alway ... | 1998 | 9581592 |
| risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in florida, uruguay: results of a mass screening study using ultrasound and serology. | sonographic evidence of asymptomatic echinococcus granulosus lesions in the liver was found in 156 of 9,515 persons in the department of florida, uruguay. the sensitivity of elisa and latex agglutination serology compared with ultrasound was 47.6% and 28.1%, respectively, and specificity was > 85%. there was a significant positive association between positive sonography and a personal history of previous but treated echinococcus infection while those that were seropositive but ultrasound-negativ ... | 1998 | 9598448 |
| echinococcus granulosus: membrane permeability of secondary hydatid cysts to albendazole sulfoxide. | the objectives of the present study were, first, to establish a methodology for evaluation of the permeability in vitro of hydatid cysts to different drugs and, second, to compare the permeability to albendazole sulfoxide of cysts from untreated animals, cysts from animals treated with 50 mg/kg netobimin for 5 days, and cysts from animals treated with 50 mg/kg netobimin plus 1.1 mg/kg fenbendazole for 5 days. the drug flow follows the fick law, i.e., the uptake occurs by simple diffusion. we cal ... | 1998 | 9610641 |
| vertebral hydatid cyst infection (echinococcus granulosus): a case report. | spinal echinococcosis is a rare but serious condition. within bone tissue hydatid cysts enlarge by daughter cyst formation. the value of drug treatment in bone echinococcosis is questionable. the aim of surgery is therefore removal of all the cysts. the best way to achieve this is at the first operation early in the progress of the disease. an anterior or circumferential approach is generally required to give the necessary accessibility. owing to diffuse spread of the infection within the bone a ... | 1998 | 9629941 |
| intestinal parasites of the grey fox (pseudalopex culpaeus) in the central peruvian andes. | the intestines of 20 grey peruvian foxes (pseudalopex culpaeus) were examined for the presence of echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal parasites. echinococcus granulosus was not found in foxes but taenia hydatigena and t. multiceps were found in 7 and 4 animals respectively. the grey fox may not be a suitable definitive host for e. granulosus. however, it may act as a sylvatic reservoir of t. hydatigena and t. multiceps in the central peruvian andes. | 1998 | 9639908 |
| observations on the echinococcus granulosus horse strain in spain. | the spanish sheep and horse strains of echinococcus granulosus possess several differential characteristics in their metacestode stage. cysts from sheep vary widely in size and fertility, but they usually have a thin cyst wall and, when fertile, a whitish hydatid sand formed by brood capsules and protoscoleces. two types of infections have been observed in horses: one resembling that of sheep, caused by small, non-fertile cysts with a thin wall, and a second type caused by medium to large, alway ... | 1998 | 9653991 |
| epidemiology of echinococcosis in nepal. | echinococcosis and hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease of human and animals. this disease has created public health and environment problems in all urban areas of nepal. based on the three year study (1993-1995) it has been revealed that the epidemiological cycle (indigenous) of echinococcus granulosus parasite is dog-pig-dog cycle and human acquire infection accidentally through infected dog stool. however, this study has proved also the epidemiological cycle like dog-sheep-dog, dog-goa ... | 1997 | 9656344 |
| albendazole plus praziquantel versus albendazole alone as a pre-operative treatment in intra-abdominal hydatisosis caused by echinococcus granulosus. | to compare the effects of a combined medication of albendazole (10 mg/kg/day) plus praziquantel (25 mg/kg/day) to those of albendazole alone at different doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day). | 1998 | 9657508 |
| short report: an imported case of cystic echinococcosis in japan diagnosed by imaging and serology with confirmation of echinococcus granulosus-specific dna sequences. | we report one case of cystic echinococcosis (ce) in japan in a native of nepal. ultrasonography and computed tomography scan of the liver revealed unique cystic lesions with or without daughter cysts of echinococcus granulosus. immunoblot analysis using crude antigens of e. multilocularis and cyst fluid of e. granulosus, without reference to these image analyses, strongly suggested this was a case of ce. we found protoscoleces in surgically removed hepatic lesions and analyzed the mitochondrial ... | 1998 | 9660465 |
| indication of the presence of two distinct strains of echinococcus granulosus in iran by mitochondrial dna markers. | sixteen isolates of echinococcus granulosus, collected from iranian patients at surgery, and from domestic animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at slaughterhouses in tehran and central and southern iran were analyzed for dna nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence variation within regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit i (ndi) genes. a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, based on the dna ... | 1998 | 9684648 |
| an epidemiological survey of echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in animal populations in northern israel. | in a survey carried out during the period may 1995 to november 1996, in communities of various ethnic groups in northern israel, 206 dogs were examined for echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal helminth parasites by arecoline hydrobromide purges and the coproantigen-elisa. the arecoline test was performed close to the owners' homes, using plastic sheets secured to the ground. from 56 dogs examined in the muslim town of tamra, six (10.7%) were found to be infected with e. granulosus. four ... | 1998 | 9687593 |
| echinococcus granulosus: preparation of protein extracts from protoscolex nuclei for mobility-shift assays. | nuclei from echinococcus granulosus protoscolices were isolated from infected sheep. protein extracts were prepared for analysis of dna-protein interactions involving specific transcriptional regulatory factors. gel mobility-shift assays were done using a heterologous probe containing binding sites for widespread transcription factors. a fragment of the promoter of gata-1 transcription factor from the chicken was selected. when nuclear extracts from e. granulosus protoscolices were assayed a spe ... | 1998 | 9694381 |
| 3d-ultrasound in imaging, diagnosis and follow-up of an atypical hydatid cyst. | abdominal ultrasonography is the procedure of choice to diagnose hydatid cysts caused by echinococcus granulosus. recently three-dimensional ultrasonography has become available for clinical application. we report a case of an atypical seronegative hydatid disease, in which the additional use of 3d-sonography improved the sonographic diagnosis, which was confirmed by a fine needle biopsie complicated by an anaphylactic reaction. in addition the potential advantage of 3d-ultrasonography in diagno ... | 1998 | 9738308 |
| a multivesicular cardiac hydatid cyst with hepatic involvement. | cardiac hydatid cyst is an uncommon lesion, mostly caused by echinococcus granulosus. occurrence of the disease in man appears to be limited geographically to areas where close and continuous contact exists between domesticated carnivores such as dogs and ungulates such as cattle and sheep. generally cardiac hydatid cysts are univesicular. here we report our clinical and surgical experience of treatment in a case of a multivesicular cardiac hydatid cyst with hepatic involvement. | 1998 | 9761448 |
| coproantigens: early detection and suitability of an immunodiagnostic method for echinococcosis in dogs. | in the present study immunodiagnostic tests for echinococcus granulosus-specific coproantigens have been evaluated. the techniques are based on polyclonal antisera collected from dogs experimentally infected with e. granulosus protoscoleces. elisa, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (cciep) and immunodot were evaluated for their application in coprodiagnosis. the level of coproantigens was detectable on day 7 post-infection and reached a maximum level on day 56 as detected by elisa. very high ... | 1998 | 9763314 |
| fc-binding molecules specific for human igg1 and igg3 are present in echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. | in this work we describe the presence of fc-binding activity on the suckers and tegument of e. granulosus protoscoleces. a fraction (psa-fc+) from protoscolex somatic antigens was isolated by affinity chromatography on human fc-gamma1-sepharose. analysis by sds-page of psa-fc+ showed that it contained two major components. using mouse f(ab')2-human fc chimaeric monoclonal antibodies we verified that psa-fc+ bound mainly to human fc-gamma1 and fc-gamma3 isotypes. in addition, one of the component ... | 1998 | 9767606 |
| modelling a 3d structure for egdf1 from echinococcus granulosus: putative epitopes, phosphorylation motifs and ligand. | egdf1 is a developmentally regulated protein from the parasite echinococcus granulosus related to a family of hydrophobic ligand binding proteins. this protein could play a crucial role during the parasite life cycle development since this organism is unable to synthetize most of their own lipids de novo. furthermore, it has been shown that two related protein from other parasitic platyhelminths (fh15 from fasciola hepatica and sm14 from schistosoma mansoni) are able to confer protective inmunit ... | 1998 | 9777493 |
| modelling the prevalence of echinococcus and taenia species in small ruminants of different ages in northern jordan. | a base-line survey of echinococcus granulosus, taenia hydatigena and t ovis were undertaken in order to investigate the transmission dynamics of these parasites in northern jordan. intensity of e. granulosus infection, in sheep, increased with age in a linear fashion whilst the asymptotic prevalence was one. this implied that e. granulosus is in an endemic steady state with no evidence of protective immunity in the intermediate host. the mean number of cysts increased by 1.66 per year with appro ... | 1998 | 9777724 |
| combining data from morphological traits and genetic markers to determine transmission cycles in the tape worm, echinococcus granulosus. | species of echinococcus (cestoda: taeniidae) require 2 mammalian hosts to complete their life-cycle; a carnivorous definitive host, and a herbivorous or omnivorous intermediate host. for most species of echinococcus, the definitive host range is restricted to 1 or a few species, but the intermediate host range is very broad. programmes to control hydatid disease attempt to break the life-cycle of the parasite and their effectiveness is therefore enhanced by an understanding of local patterns of ... | 1998 | 9778641 |
| human cystic echinococcosis in a uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study. | a prevalence and transmission study of human cystic echinococcosis (ce), due to infection with the dog tapeworm echinococcus granulosus, was undertaken in the village of la paloma in central uruguay. the human population was registered and screened for ce by abdominal ultrasound scan as well as a number of serologic tests. dogs were screened for e. granulosus infection by arecoline purgation as well as specific coproantigen testing. the total prevalence of human ce (new cases and those with a pr ... | 1998 | 9790441 |
| factors influencing the development and carbohydrate metabolism of echinococcus granulosus in dogs. | echinococcus granulosus adult worms, 35 days postinfection, were measured for dispersion in the intestines of 10 dogs, a range of morphological characters, and the excreted end products of carbohydrate catabolism following 4 hr incubation in vitro. most worms were found in the proximal sections of the small intestine, but the pattern of dispersion differed between dogs. worm development varied both between dogs and between different regions of the small intestine of individual dogs. overall ther ... | 1998 | 9794623 |
| identification of a differentially expressed echinococcus multilocularis protein em6 potentially related to antigen 5 of echinococcus granulosus. | by a strategy of differential immunological screening of an expression library constructed from adult echinococcus multilocularis parasites, a partial cdna sequence encoding a protein termed em6 was isolated. this molecule displayed high sequence homology to the recombinant antigen 'eg6' which was previously described as an immunogenic epitope of antigen 5 of e. granulosus. further em6 sequences and the corresponding sequences from a cattle isolate of e. granulosus were obtained by a pcr approac ... | 1998 | 9797508 |
| new perspectives in the immunology of echinococcus granulosus infection. | this article reviews the role of cytokines and immunoglobulin isotypes in the clinical outcome of e. granulosus infection. the coexistence of elevated quantities of ifn-gamma, il-4, il-5, il-6 and il-10 observed in most of hydatid patients supports th1 and th2 cell activation in human hydatidosis. in particular, th1 cell activation seems to be related to protective immunity, th2 cell activation to susceptibility to disease. analysis of immunoglobulin isotypes expression reveals that the percenta ... | 1997 | 9802079 |
| epidemiology of echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus in central europe. | two species of echinococcus are known to occur in central europe, namely e. multilocularis and echinococcus granulosus, causing the alveolar and the cystic form of echinococcosis in humans, respectively. recent studies have shown that in central europe e. multilocularis occurs further north, south and east than previously anticipated. this parasite is endemic in belgium, luxembourg, france, switzerland, liechtenstein, austria, germany, poland, and the czech republic. the prevalence rates of e. m ... | 1997 | 9802089 |
| echinococcus granulosus: immunodiagnosis and vaccination, a perspective. | research areas of immunodiagnosis and vaccination in cystic echinococcosis (ce) are reviewed. particular attention is given to recent progress into improved specificity in immunodiagnosis in human ce, and sensitivity and specificity in ovine ce, by purification of subunit peptides of ag b. with regard to diagnosis in definitive hosts, the advantages of coproantigen test elisa are discussed in comparison with the classic arecoline purgation test. recent data from studies on vaccination in sheep p ... | 1997 | 9802090 |
| a mucosal iga response, but no systemic antibody response, is evoked by intranasal immunisation of dogs with echinococcus granulosus surface antigens iscoms. | the search for protective antigens of intestinal parasites is conditioned by the methodology used to induce a relevant local immune response against them. the present work describes the use of immuno stimulating complexes (iscoms) from tegumental antigens from protoscoleces (psc) of the cestode echinococcus granulosus as immunogens in dogs by the intranasal route. it also describes the evaluation of the immune response evoked at the antibody level (systemically and at a distant mucosal location) ... | 1998 | 9802574 |
| some rare presentations of hydatid cyst (echinococcus granulosus). | among all the cases of hydatid disease seen in an 8-year period at asir central hospital, abha, saudi arabia, seven cases are reported here because of their unusual presentations. one patient had a brain hydatid cyst which presented as a space-occupying lesion. the second patient presented with symptoms and signs of cardiac tamponade due to pericardial hydatidosis. the third female had multiple abdominal and pelvic hydatid cysts causing vague abdominal pain, chronic ill-health and primary infert ... | 1998 | 9803111 |
| control of echinococcus granulosus in cyprus and comparison with other island models. | a control programme directed against echinococcus granulosus was introduced into the republic of cyprus in 1971. in 1974, this was restricted to the areas controlled by the government of the island. the force used in the 'attack' phase included a major dog control programme. this and other measures led to the rapid 'disappearance' of the parasite and control was terminated in 1985. subsequent studies during 1993-1996 revealed that the parasite was present in 82 (20%) villages in either dogs or f ... | 1998 | 9806495 |
| echinococcus granulosus: an intraperitoneal diffusion chamber model of secondary infection in mice. | the present work describes a new experimental model of secondary infection which allows, through the recovery of the parasite together with its local in vivo environment, examination of the local nonadaptive immune response of the infected host and the differentiation of the parasite from protoscoleces to cysts. in this model we administered protoscoleces within silicone diffusion chambers, previously implanted into the peritoneal cavities of mice. the process of designing the model involved, fi ... | 1998 | 9806872 |
| echinococcus granulosus: cloning of a thioredoxin peroxidase. | | 1998 | 9806877 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna for the specific detection of bubaline echinococcus granulosus by hybridization assay. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to randomly amplify polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to differentiate the bubaline and bovine strains of echinococcus granulosus and buffalo host dna. four random oligonucleotide primers of 10-11 mer were analyzed for their ability to direct the amplification of polymorphic dna fragments from parasites and bovine dna. significant dna polymorphism was observed between the e. granulosus isolates. a selectively amplified dna fragment 0.9 kilobase (kb) from ... | 1998 | 9831954 |
| liver transplantation in liver disease: echinococcus granulosus. | | 1998 | 9838444 |
| morphological and developmental characteristics of echinococcus granulosus derived from sheep, cattle and camels in iran. | echinococcus granulosus is widely distributed throughout iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. in this study, the development and morphological characteristics of e. granulosus of sheep, cattle and camel origin were compared and, overall, the characteristics of larval and adult isolates from sheep and cattle, although similar, showed significant differences from those of the camel isolates, especially with respect to the size of rostellar hooks. differences in the fertility ... | 1998 | 9858631 |
| production of nitric oxide (no) in human hydatidosis: relationship between nitrite production and interferon-gamma levels. | human hydatidosis is characterized by a prolonged coexistence of parasite (echinococcus granulosus) and host without effective rejection. the basis of the immune response of the patient is poorly understood. previously, we reported the presence of ifn, tnf-alpha and il-6 activities in the serum of patients with liver and lung hydatidosis. in the present work, we have investigated the production of nitrite (no2-) in the serum of hydatidic patients carrying hepatic and pulmonary cysts (range 36-30 ... | 1998 | 9865496 |
| cytokine patterns in seropositive and seronegative patients with echinococcus granulosus infection. | to investigate the involvement of immunological variables, including the th1/th2 balance, in the mechanisms underlying seronegativity in cystic echinococcosis (ce), th1 and th2 cytokines were evaluated in elisa determining ifn-gamma, il-4, -5 and -10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) cultures from 16 patients (six seronegative and ten seropositive) with ce and from six healthy donors. patients who had undetectable antibody levels in their sera invariably produced no il-5 and ... | 1998 | 9865595 |
| use of sentinel lambs to survey the effect of an education programme on control of transmission of echinococcus granulosus in south powys, wales. | in this article the effects of an education programme (area ii) on transmission of echinococcus granulosus from dogs to sheep in wales and of substitution of the education programme by a 6-weekly anthelmintic control programme (area i) are compared with the situation in an area where no control interventions had occurred (area iii). the education programme failed to prevent transmission of e. granulosus to sentinel lambs examined at 15 months of age, 6%, 4%, and 10% of which were infected in are ... | 1998 | 9868837 |
| studies on hydatidosis in slaughtered camels in egypt. | hydatid cyst or hydatidosis is a cyclozoonotic parasite of worldwide distribution. human and animal cases have been reported in egypt by many authors. also, the tape worm echinococcus granulosus has been reported in stray dogs. the present work studied hydatidosis in 400159 camels imported from sudan over five years (1992 to 1996) and slaughtered in governmental abattoirs under the supervision of govs. the overall annual prevalence rates of camel infection were 5.5% (1992), 6.1% (1993), 6.7% (19 ... | 1998 | 9914691 |
| some studies on the growth and development of echinococcus granulosus, camel origin in experimentally infected dogs. | development of echinococcus granulosus of camel subspecies in 35 experimentally infected dogs was performed at 3, 7, 10, 13, 18, 23, 35 and 56 days post-infection (d.p.i.). morphological characters of each developmental stage was studied and discussed. generally, the results indicate that the segmentation firstly appeared at 18 d.p.i. also, male and female genitalia could be detected at the same period. however, completely developed of genitalia appeared at 56 d.p.i. histological examination of ... | 1998 | 9914707 |
| [diagnosis and treatment of cystic echinococcosis]. | new data are given on the life cycle of tapeworms of the genus echinococcus, agents of a serious helmintozoonotic disease. the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus, the agent of cystic echinococcosis, circulates also in slovakia. cystic echinococcosis most frequently affects the liver and a radical surgical treatment supplemented with the application of antiparasitics are the commonly used methods. the authors present the who proposal for classification of echinococcal cysts into 6 types, according ... | 1998 | 9919764 |
| [personal experience in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic echinococcosis]. | human echinococcosis is endemic disease that occurs in some regions of yugoslavia. it is caused by tapeworm echinococcus granulosus, whose larva can develop cysts in liver and other organs. in the study were presented 119 patients with hepatic echinococcosis, 57 (47.9%) females of average age 41.4 years (9-80) and 62 (52.1%) males of average age 35.5 years (6.72). primary echinococcosis was present in 75 (63%), and recurrent in 44 (37%) patients. right lobe of liver was affected in 83 (69.7%), l ... | 1998 | 9921074 |
| does the presence of spirometra erinacei reduce the efficacy of praziquantel against echinococcus granulosus in dogs? | | 1998 | 9925277 |
| reappraisal of vesicular types in the syncytial tegument of the echinococcus granulosus protoscolex. | the structure, abundance, and distribution of tegumentary vesicles was compared among echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces that had been prepared for electron microscopy using four processing schedules: a conventional method, alternative fixations using uranyl acetate or osmium tetroxide-potassium ferricyanide, and a freeze-substitution method. four morphologically distinct types of vesicles were found in the somal region. the morphology of the first form, with moderately electron-opaque conten ... | 1999 | 9950226 |
| t-cell activity associated with secondary infections and implanted cysts of echinococcus granulosus in balb/c mice. | selected cytokine profiles of lymphocytes were assessed in balb/c mice infected with protoscoleces of echinococcus granulosus. late stages of the infection (three months+) were characterized by more dominant th2 activity with elevated il-4 and il-10 and reduced ifn-gamma output by con-a and antigen stimulated splenocytes. circumparasitic leucocytes produced mainly il-10 by five months post infection. a peak in ifn-gamma production in the first month of infection may suggest th1 or th0 activity a ... | 1998 | 9988309 |
| primary cardiac hydatid cyst in a child. cytologic diagnosis of a case. | echinococcosis is a troublesome disease, particularly common in sheep-raising communities and usually caused by the cestode echinococcus granulosus. although it has been found in almost every organ, isolated cardiac disease is an exceptional presentation since cardiac involvement occurs in only 0.5-3% of echinococcosis cases. | 1997 | 9990281 |
| [experimental echinococcosis in piglets infected by the inoculation of the embryonic elements of the cysts from human patients]. | twenty six piglets aged 25 days divided into 4 groups (groups 1 and 4 included 5 piglets and groups 2 and 3 comprised 8 ones) were selected. the piglets from groups 1, 2, and 3 were peritoneally inoculated with 5000 protoscolices and acephalocysts from the cyst of human echinococcus granulosus by the procedure [4]. group 4 piglets were not inoculated they served as a control group. prior to infection, the animals were weighed and their blood was analyzed by the conventional procedure. on day 90 ... | 1998 | 10050556 |
| breeding systems in echinococcus granulosus (cestoda; taeniidae): selfing or outcrossing? | we used the pcr-sscp method followed by sequencing in order to assess the genetic variability of coding and noncoding parts of the genome of echinococcus granulosus (cestoda; taeniidae) and to test whether or not the parasite populations are mainly self-fertilizing. for this, we analysed a sample of 110 e. granulosus metacestode isolates collected from different geographical regions (southern brazil, europe and australia) and from different intermediate hosts (ovine, bovine, human, macropod, swi ... | 1999 | 10070663 |
| differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen b) and e. multilocularis protoscolex (em18). | echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid and e. multilocularis protoscolex extract were fractionated by a single step of preparative isoelectric focusing, resulting in an antigen b-rich fraction (8-kd) and an em18-rich fraction, respectively. the usefulness of both fractions for differential serodiagnosis of cystic (ce) and alveolar (ae) echinococcosis was evaluated by a large-scale immunoblot analysis on a battery of 354 serum samples. these included 66 from ae patients originating from four differen ... | 1999 | 10072134 |
| differential immunodiagnosis between cystic hydatid disease and other cross-reactive pathologies. | we assessed an echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid antigen-elisa (eghf-elisa) as a serologic prescreening test for e. granulosus infections, supplemented by more specific confirmatory tests, including arc-5 immunoprecipitation and antigen b subunit 8-kd immunoblotting. the diagnostic sensitivity of the eghf-elisa was 91%. with regard to the test specificity of the eghf-elisa (overall = 82%), we observed relatively frequent cross-reactions in tumor patients (6%) and in patients with other paras ... | 1999 | 10072135 |
| effect of mebendazole and praziquantel on glucosephosphate isomerase and glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase in echinococcus granulosus cyst wall harbored in mice. | to study effects of antihydatid drugs on glucosephosphate isomerase (gpi) and glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) in echinococcus granulosus cyst wall. | 1997 | 10072900 |
| antibody and th1/th2-type responses in balb/c mice inoculated with live or dead echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. | the aims of this study were to investigate whether a th1- or a th2-type response is stimulated in the first stages of experimental infection with echinococcus granulosus, and to determine whether live or dead protoscoleces equally contribute to such th1/th2-type polarization. live parasites stimulated the production of il-10, il-4 and il-5 as early as week 1 postinoculation. the levels of il-10 and il-4 decreased towards week 4 p.i. and that of ifn gamma increased. the production of specific ant ... | 1999 | 10081768 |
| echinococcus granulosus human infection stimulates low avidity anticarbohydrate igg2 and high avidity antipeptide igg4 antibodies. | total igg and igg subclasses recognizing carbohydrate and peptidic epitopes from native and periodate treated partially purified hydatid cyst fluid (pphcfa) and protoscolex somatic antigens (psa) were tested by elisa in hydatid patients sera. binding of the major cross-reactive antiphosphorylcholine antibodies was inhibited with free reagent. a predominant anticarbohydrate antibody response against pphcfa and psa is shown. although the main contributing igg subclass to the antipeptide response a ... | 1999 | 10081769 |
| human echinococcosis in bulgaria: a comparative epidemiological analysis. | the present article describes the importance of human echinococcosis as a public health problem in bulgaria, outlines the control measures carried out and evaluates comparatively the situation over three periods spanning 46 years (1950-1995). during the first period (1950-62), a total of 6469 new surgically confirmed cases of hydatid disease were recorded in bulgaria, with an annual incidence of 6.5 per 100,000 population, and the infestation rate in domestic animals and dogs was high. echinococ ... | 1999 | 10083708 |
| isolated echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst in the cns with severe reaction to treatment. | | 1999 | 10102443 |
| myophilin of echinococcus granulosus: isoforms and phosphorylation by protein kinase c. | myophilin is a muscle-associated antigen of the taeniid cestode echinococcus granulosus. this protein shows a high amino acid sequence homology with calponins and calponin-like proteins, which are proposed to be associated with the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. in order to provide supportive evidence for a relationship between these proteins, we characterized myophilin using electrophoretic, biochemical and molecular biological approaches. two-dimensional protein electrophoretic separ ... | 1997 | 10190176 |
| visualization of hydatid elements: comparison of several techniques. | some techniques available at our laboratory were tested for their ability to aid in the morphological diagnosis of hydatid elements (echinococcus granulosus ["taenia echinococcus"]) isolated from cysts in humans and sheep. unstained, methanol-fixed hooklets were fluorescent, most starkly so under violet light (excitation filter wavelength, 405 nm; long-pass filter wavelength, 495 nm). auramine-rhodamine and gram procedures failed to stain hooklets. ziehl-neelsen stain yielded indifferent results ... | 1999 | 10203521 |