| malaria in pregnant women living in areas of low transmission on the southeast brazilian coast: molecular diagnosis and humoural immunity profile. | studies on autochthonous malaria in low-transmission areas in brazil have acquired epidemiological relevance because they suggest continued transmission in what remains of the atlantic forest. in the southeastern portion of the state of são paulo, outbreaks in the municipality of juquitiba have been the focus of studies on the prevalence of plasmodium, including asymptomatic cases. data on the occurrence of the disease or the presence of antiplasmodial antibodies in pregnant women from this regi ... | 2014 | 25494466 |
| malaria in a tertiary hospital in singapore--clinical presentation, treatment and outcome: an eleven year retrospective review. | malaria remains a global health threat and poses significant health risks even in non-endemic regions like singapore. | 2015 | 25467088 |
| mass screening and treatment on the basis of results of a plasmodium falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic test did not reduce malaria incidence in zanzibar. | seasonal increases in malaria continue in hot spots in zanzibar. mass screening and treatment (msat) may help reduce the reservoir of infection; however, it is unclear whether rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) detect a sufficient proportion of low-density infections to influence subsequent transmission. | 2015 | 25429102 |
| efficacy and safety of artemisinin combination therapy (act) for non-falciparum malaria: a systematic review. | artemisinin combination therapy (act) is recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria, whereas chloroquine is still commonly used for the treatment of non-falciparum species (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae). a more simplified, more uniform treatment approach across all malaria species is worthwhile to be considered both in endemic areas and for malaria as an imported condition alike. | 2014 | 25428624 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria during pregnancy. | plasmodium knowlesi is the commonest cause of malaria in malaysia, but little is known regarding infection during pregnancy. | 2015 | 25301955 |
| changing epidemiology of malaria in sabah, malaysia: increasing incidence of plasmodium knowlesi. | while malaysia has had great success in controlling plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, notifications of plasmodium malariae and the microscopically near-identical plasmodium knowlesi increased substantially over the past decade. however, whether this represents microscopic misdiagnosis or increased recognition of p. knowlesi has remained uncertain. | 2014 | 25272973 |
| severe malarial thrombocytopenia: a risk factor for mortality in papua, indonesia. | the significance of thrombocytopenia to the morbidity and mortality of malaria is poorly defined. we compared the platelet counts and clinical correlates of patients with and those without malaria in southern papua, indonesia. | 2015 | 25170106 |
| immunochromatographic antigen testing alone is sufficient to identify asymptomatic refugees at risk of severe malaria presenting to a single health service in victoria. | current screening guidelines for malaria in new refugees include a combination of thick and thin film examination and immunochromatographic antigen test (ict). however, as the prevalence of malaria in our population has decreased due to changing refugee demographics, we sought to determine if an ict alone can reliably exclude malaria in our asymptomatic refugee population.a retrospective analysis was conducted of all investigations for malaria performed from 1 august 2011 to 31 july 2013, includ ... | 2014 | 25158813 |
| malaria: an update on current chemotherapy. | chemotherapy of malaria has become a rapidly changing field. less than two decades ago, treatment regimens were increasingly bound to fail due to emerging drug resistance against 4-aminoquinolines and sulfa compounds. by now, artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) constitute the standard of care for uncomplicated falciparum malaria and are increasingly also taken into consideration for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria. | 2014 | 25110058 |
| malaria baseline survey in four special regions of northern myanmar near china: a cross-sectional study. | epidemiological data in the border area of the northern myanmar near china are either of little accuracy or sparse of information, due to the poor public health system in these areas, and malaria cases may be severely underestimated. this study aimed to investigate malaria prevalence and health facilities for malaria services, and to provide the baseline information for malaria control in these areas. | 2014 | 25098412 |
| the ears of the african elephant: unexpected high seroprevalence of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae in healthy populations in western africa. | malaria is a life-threatening pathology in africa. plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax attract the most focus because of their high prevalence and mortality. knowledge about the prevalence of the cryptic pathogens plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae is limited. thanks to recombinant tools, their seroprevalence was measured for the first time, as well as the prevalence of mixed infections in a malaria-asymptomatic population in benin, a malaria-endemic country. | 2014 | 24946685 |
| acute kidney injury associated with plasmodium malariae infection. | according to current estimates, plasmodium malariae is not very common in senegal, as more than 98% of malaria cases are suspected to be due to plasmodium falciparum. however, it is possible that other malarial species are being under-reported or misdiagnosed. this is a report of a case of p. malariae in a 30-year-old man previously hospitalized with acute kidney injury after treatment with quinine and re-hospitalized three months later. he was diagnosed with renal cortical necrosis post malaria ... | 2014 | 24906879 |
| defining the malaria burden in nchelenge district, northern zambia using the world health organization malaria indicators survey. | malaria is considered as one of the major public health problems and among the diseases of poverty. in areas of stable and relatively high transmission, pregnant women and their newborn babies are among the higher risk groups. a multicentre trial on the safety and efficacy of several formulations of artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) during pregnancy is currently on-going in four african countries, including zambia, whose study site is in nchelenge district. as the study outcomes may be ... | 2014 | 24902708 |
| detection of persistent plasmodium spp. infections in ugandan children after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. | during a longitudinal study investigating the dynamics of malaria in ugandan lakeshore communities, a consistently high malaria prevalence was observed in young children despite regular treatment. to explore the short-term performance of artemether-lumefantrine (al), a pilot investigation into parasite carriage after treatment(s) was conducted in bukoba village. a total of 163 children (aged 2-7 years) with a positive blood film and rapid antigen test were treated with al; only 8.7% of these had ... | 2014 | 24837880 |
| the rise and fall of malaria in a west african rural community, dielmo, senegal, from 1990 to 2012: a 22 year longitudinal study. | a better understanding of the effect of malaria control interventions on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and burden of the disease is needed to guide strategies to eliminate malaria from highly endemic areas. we monitored and analysed the changes in malaria epidemiology in a village community in senegal, west africa, over 22 years. | 2014 | 24813159 |
| performance of a new gelled nested pcr test for the diagnosis of imported malaria: comparison with microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, and real-time pcr. | microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are the techniques commonly used for malaria diagnosis but they are usually insensitive at very low levels of parasitemia. nested pcr is commonly used as a reference technique in the diagnosis of malaria due to its high sensitivity and specificity. however, it is a cumbersome assay only available in reference centers. we evaluated a new nested pcr-based assay, biomalar kit (biotools b&m labs, madrid, spain) which employs ready-to-use gelled reagents a ... | 2014 | 24770719 |
| evidence for significant influence of host immunity on changes in differential blood count during malaria. | malaria has been shown to change blood counts. recently, a few studies have investigated the alteration of the peripheral blood monocyte-to-lymphocyte count ratio (mlcr) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (nlcr) during infection with plasmodium falciparum. based on these findings this study investigates the predictive values of blood count alterations during malaria across different sub-populations. | 2014 | 24758172 |
| epidemiological pattern of imported malaria in jordan from 2007 to 2011. | imported malaria is of major health concern to countries considered as free from this infection and jordan is no exception. the aim of this study was to highlight various epidemiological aspects of imported malaria into jordan over a period of five years. information pertinent to all malaria cases registered in the ministry of health (jordan) from january 2007 to november 2011 was retrieved from the database of the department of parasitic and zoonotic diseases. data was grouped according to age, ... | 2013 | 24522127 |
| high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in south-eastern bangladesh. | the who has reported that rdt and microscopy-confirmed malaria cases have declined in recent years. however, it is still unclear if this reflects a real decrease in incidence in bangladesh, as particularly the hilly and forested areas of the chittagong hill tract (cht) districts report more than 80% of all cases and deaths. surveillance and epidemiological data on malaria from the cht are limited; existing data report plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax as the dominant species. | 2014 | 24406220 |
| an innovative tool for moving malaria pcr detection of parasite reservoir into the field. | to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in low transmission areas such as in cambodia, new, inexpensive, high-throughput diagnostic tools for identifying very low parasite densities in asymptomatic carriers are required. this will enable a switch from passive to active malaria case detection in the field. | 2013 | 24206649 |
| plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri in north-west ethiopia. | in ethiopia plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the dominant species accounting for roughly 60 and 40% of malaria cases, respectively. recently a major shift from p. falciparum to p. vivax has been observed in various parts of the country but the epidemiology of the other human malaria species, plasmodium ovale spp. and plasmodium malariae remains poorly understood. the aim of this study was to assess p. ovale curtisi and wallikeri infection in north-west ethiopia by using microscopy ... | 2013 | 24073668 |
| characterization of a malaria outbreak in colombia in 2010. | although malaria has presented a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality worldwide during the last decade, it remains a serious global public health problem. in colombia, during this period, many factors have contributed to sustained disease transmission, with significant fluctuations in an overall downward trend in the number of reported malaria cases. despite its epidemiological importance, few studies have used surveillance data to describe the malaria situation in colombia. this stu ... | 2013 | 24044437 |
| in vivo imaging in nhp models of malaria: challenges, progress and outlooks. | animal models of malaria, mainly mice, have made a large contribution to our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses, and to drug and vaccine design. non-human primate (nhp) models for malaria are admittedly under-used, although they are probably closer models than mice for human malaria; in particular, nhp models allow the use of human pathogens (plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium knowlesi). nhps, whether natural hosts or experimenta ... | 2014 | 24042056 |
| plasmodium knowlesi and hiv co-infection in a german traveller to thailand. | a case of plasmodium knowlesi and hiv co-infection is reported in a german traveller returning from thailand. the 54 year-old patient presented to the institute of tropical medicine in tübingen with a 11-day history of daily fever and chills. initial microscopic evaluation of giemsa-stained thin blood smears was suggestive of a mixed infection with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae. however, pcr amplification of small subunit ribosomal rna gene revealed a p. knowlesi infection. paras ... | 2013 | 23941258 |
| acalculous cholecystitis occurring in the context of plasmodium malariae infection: a case report. | acalculous cholecystitis has been shown to occur in the context of malarial infection with plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of the disease occurring in a patient infected with plasmodium malariae. | 2013 | 23889828 |
| blackwater fever in congolese children: a report of clinical, laboratory features and risk factors. | blackwater fever (bwf) is one of the severe forms of malaria. this complication was first described among non-immune european expatriates in the malaria endemic areas. recently, resurgence of this form of malaria has been reported among the indigenous populations. the objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors among bwf patients. | 2013 | 23767699 |
| epidemiology of plasmodium infections in flores island, indonesia using real-time pcr. | dna-based diagnostic methods have been shown to be highly sensitive and specific for the detection of malaria. an 18s-rrna-based, real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to determine the prevalence and intensity of plasmodium infections on flores island, indonesia. | 2013 | 23706132 |
| routine parallel diagnosis of malaria using microscopy and the malaria rapid diagnostic test sd 05fk60: the experience of médecins sans frontières in myanmar. | malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are commonly used in médecins sans frontières (msf) programmes to detect acute malaria infection. programmes in regions with both plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum malaria (i.e. plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax) use a three-band p. falciparum/pan test such as the sd bioline malaria ag p.f/pan 05fk60 (standard diagnostics, kyonggi, republic of korea), hereafter referred to as sd 05fk60, as used by the msf-holland clinics in ra ... | 2013 | 23692957 |
| comparative evaluation of microscopy, optimal(®) and 18s rrna gene based multiplex pcr for detection of plasmodium falciparum & plasmodium vivax from field isolates of bikaner, india. | to evaluate microscopy, optimal(®) and multiplex pcr for the identification of plasmodium falciparumm (p. falciparum) and plasmodium vivax (p. vivax) from the field isolates of bikaner, rajasthan (northwest india). | 2013 | 23608372 |
| plasmodium falciparum-like parasites infecting wild apes in southern cameroon do not represent a recurrent source of human malaria. | wild-living chimpanzees and gorillas harbor a multitude of plasmodium species, including six of the subgenus laverania, one of which served as the progenitor of plasmodium falciparum. despite the magnitude of this reservoir, it is unknown whether apes represent a source of human infections. here, we used plasmodium species-specific pcr, single-genome amplification, and 454 sequencing to screen humans from remote areas of southern cameroon for ape laverania infections. among 1,402 blood samples, ... | 2013 | 23569255 |
| misclassification of plasmodium infections by conventional microscopy and the impact of remedial training on the proficiency of laboratory technicians in species identification. | malaria diagnosis is largely dependent on the demonstration of parasites in stained blood films by conventional microscopy. accurate identification of the infecting plasmodium species relies on detailed examination of parasite morphological characteristics, such as size, shape, pigment granules, besides the size and shape of the parasitized red blood cells and presence of cell inclusions. this work explores misclassifications of four plasmodium species by conventional microscopy relative to the ... | 2013 | 23537145 |
| malaria rapid diagnostic tests in endemic settings. | malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are instrument-free tests that provide results within 20 min and can be used by community health workers. rdts detect antigens produced by the plasmodium parasite such as plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 (pfhpr2) and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh). the accuracy of rdts for the diagnosis of uncomplicated p. falciparum infection is equal or superior to routine microscopy (but inferior to expert microscopy). sensitivity for plasmodium viv ... | 2013 | 23438048 |
| malaria rapid diagnostic tests in travel medicine. | malaria is a serious condition in the non-immune traveller, and prognosis depends on timely diagnosis. although microscopy remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are increasingly used in non-endemic settings. they are easy to use, provide results rapidly and require no specific training and equipment. reported sensitivities vary between different rdt products but are generally good for plasmodium falciparum, with rdts detecting the p. falciparum antigen histi ... | 2013 | 23373854 |
| high frequency of the erythroid silent duffy antigen genotype and lack of plasmodium vivax infections in haiti. | malaria is a significant public health concern in haiti where approximately 30,000 cases are reported annually with cdc estimates as high as 200,000. malaria infections in haiti are caused almost exclusively by plasmodium falciparum, while a small number of plasmodium malariae and an even smaller number of putative plasmodium vivax infections have been reported. the lack of confirmed p. vivax infections in haiti could be due to the genetic background of native haitians. having descended from wes ... | 2013 | 23347639 |
| declining malaria parasite prevalence and trends of asymptomatic parasitaemia in a seasonal transmission setting in north-western burkina faso between 2000 and 2009-2012. | malaria transmission was reported to have declined in some east african countries. however, a comparable trend has not been confirmed for west africa. this study aims to assess the dynamics of parasite prevalence and malaria species distribution over time in an area of highly seasonal transmission in burkina faso. the aim was also to compare frequency of asymptomatic parasitaemia between wet and dry season by parasite density status and age group. | 2013 | 23339523 |
| a novel, single-amplification pcr targeting mitochondrial genome highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing malaria among returned travellers in bergen, norway. | nested pcr is a commonly used technique in diagnosis of malaria owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. however, it is time-consuming, open to considerable risk of contamination and has low cost-efficiency. using amplification targets presented in multiple copies, such as rrna 18s, or mitochondrial targets with an even higher copy number, might increase sensitivity. | 2013 | 23336125 |
| hyperparasitaemia during bouts of malaria in french guiana. | high circulating parasite load is one of the who criteria for severe falciparum malaria. during a period of 11 years (2000-2010), the frequency of hyperparasitaemia (hp) (≥4% infected erythrocytes) during bouts of malaria due to plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae in patients referred to cayenne general hospital (cgh) in french guiana and the frequency of their admission to the intensive care unit (icu) were evaluated. | 2013 | 23324618 |
| self-diagnosis of malaria by travelers and expatriates: assessment of malaria rapid diagnostic tests available on the internet. | in the past malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for self-diagnosis by travelers were considered suboptimal due to poor performance. nowadays rdts for self-diagnosis are marketed and available through the internet. the present study assessed rdt products marketed for self-diagnosis for diagnostic accuracy and quality of labeling, content and instructions for use (ifu). | 2013 | 23301027 |
| limitations of microscopy to differentiate plasmodium species in a region co-endemic for plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi. | in areas co-endemic for multiple plasmodium species, correct diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and surveillance. species misidentification by microscopy has been reported in areas co-endemic for vivax and falciparum malaria, and may be more frequent in regions where plasmodium knowlesi also commonly occurs. | 2013 | 23294844 |
| discordance in drug resistance-associated mutation patterns in marker genes of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium knowlesi during coinfections. | human plasmodium knowlesi infections have been reported from several south-east asian countries, excluding india, but its drug susceptibility profile in mixed-infection cases remains unknown. | 2013 | 23292346 |
| prevalence of pcr detectable malaria infection among febrile patients with a negative plasmodium falciparum specific rapid diagnostic test in zanzibar. | we screened for malaria in 594 blood samples from febrile patients who tested negative by a plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine-rich protein-2-based rapid diagnostic test at 12 health facilities in zanzibar districts north a and micheweni, from may to august 2010. screening was with microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the cytochrome b gene (cytbpcr) of the four major human malaria species, and quantitative pcr (qpcr). the prevalence of cytbpcr-detectable malaria infection ... | 2013 | 23249688 |
| emergence of a new focus of plasmodium malariae in forest villages of district balaghat, central india: implications for the diagnosis of malaria and its control. | during an epidemiological study (january-july 2012) on malaria in forest villages of central india, plasmodium malariae-like malaria parasites were observed in blood smears of fever cases. we aimed to confirm the presence of p. malariae using molecular tools i.e. species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequencing. | 2013 | 23107370 |
| hexaplex pcr detection system for identification of five human plasmodium species with an internal control. | malaria remains one of the major killers of humankind and persists to threaten the lives of more than one-third of the world's population. given that human malaria can now be caused by five species of plasmodium, i.e., plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale, and the recently included plasmodium knowlesi, there is a critical need not only to augment global health efforts in malaria control but also, more importantly, to develop a rapid, accurate, species-se ... | 2012 | 23035191 |
| management of imported malaria in europe. | in this position paper, the european society for clinical microbiology and infectious diseases, study group on clinical parasitology, summarizes main issues regarding the management of imported malaria cases. malaria is a rare diagnosis in europe, but it is a medical emergency. a travel history is the key to suspecting malaria and is mandatory in patients with fever. there are no specific clinical signs or symptoms of malaria although fever is seen in almost all non-immune patients. migrants fro ... | 2012 | 22985344 |
| mass blood survey for malaria: pooling and real-time pcr combined with expert microscopy in north-west thailand. | asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax is common in both low-and high-transmission settings and represents an important reservoir of infection that needs to be targeted if malaria elimination is to succeed. | 2012 | 22909399 |
| an unusual case of plasmodium vivax malaria monoinfection associated with crescentic glomerulonephritis: a need for vigilance. | plasmodium vivax infection is increasingly a major public health burden and the second most frequent human malaria. higher levels of clinical severity and chloroquine resistance are major factors responsible for such increases. malarial glomerular injury is uncommon and mainly observed in plasmodium malariae-infected patients. occasionally, transient immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis is associated with plasmodium falciparum infection. coexistent crescentic glomerulonephritis and vivax m ... | 2013 | 22806325 |
| evaluation of the rapid diagnostic test carestart pldh malaria (pf-pldh/pan-pldh) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting. | the present study evaluated carestart pldh malaria, a three-band rapid diagnostic test detecting plasmodium falciparum-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pf-pldh) and pan plasmodium-specific pldh (pan-pldh) in a reference setting. | 2012 | 22704733 |
| cloning, overexpression, purification and characterization of plasmodium knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase. | plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase, key enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, has been shown to be a potential immunodiagnostic marker as well as a novel target for chemotherapy. we have cloned, overexpressed and immunochemically characterized the recombinant lactate dehydrogenase of plasmodium knowlesi, the fifth human malaria parasite. the p. knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase (pkldh) gene was pcr amplified and 0.9 kb pcr product was cloned into pgem-t easy vector. sequencing and blast analysis revealed o ... | 2012 | 22683723 |
| prospective evaluation of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of non-falciparum and mixed-species malaria in gabon. | the recommendation of artemisinin combination therapy (act) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria is supported by a plethora of high quality clinical trials. however, their recommendation for the treatment of mixed-species malaria and the large-scale use for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria in endemic regions is based on anecdotal rather than systematic clinical evidence. | 2012 | 22515681 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: from malaysia, a novel health care threat. | epidemic foci of plasmodium knowlesi malaria have been identified during the past ten years in malaysia, in particular in the states of sarawak and sabah (malaysia borneo), and in the pahang region (peninsular malaysia). based on a review of the available recent international literature, the authors underline the importance of molecular biology examinations, polymerase chain reactions (pcr), performed with primers specific for p. knowlesi, since the current microscopic examination (haemoscope) m ... | 2012 | 22475654 |
| why do plasmodium malariae infections sometimes occur in spite of previous antimalarial medication? | quartan malaria due to plasmodium malariae is commonly regarded as being preventable by current antimalarials. a case of p. malariae infection occurred in spite of previous treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria 4 months earlier with a full therapy course of intravenous quinine hydrochloride and oral doxycycline followed by artemether + lumefantrine. since the patient was not anymore exposed to agents of malaria in the meantime, a new infection by p. malariae after therapy is unlikely. the p ... | 2012 | 22350675 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infection in ranong province, southwestern border of thailand. | plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, has been reported in humans in many southeast asian countries. in thailand, most of the limited numbers of cases reported so far were from areas near neighbouring countries, including myanmar. | 2012 | 22313518 |
| glomerulonephropathies in plasmodium inui-infected rhesus monkey: a primate model and possible applications for human quartan malaria. | summary none of the few animal models proposed for the study of human quartan malaria nephritic syndrome have shown complete pathological findings that are similar to those seen in humans. this study investigated the histopathological changes in kidneys in 10 plasmodium inui infected macaca mulatta monkeys by light and electron microscopy in order to develop a suitable animal model for human quartan malaria. ten healthy adult rhesus monkeys were infected with p. inui and clinical chemistry and h ... | 2014 | 25023338 |
| contribution of plasmodium knowlesi to multi-species human malaria infections in north sumatera, indonesia. | | 2017 | 28201638 |
| severe plasmodium knowlesi infection with multiorgan involvement in north east peninsular malaysia. | plasmodium knowlesi has been recently identified as the "fifth human malaria species" following the discovery in malaysian borneo of a large focus of this simian malaria parasite in humans. even though it shares microscopic similarities with plasmodium malariae, it may cause severe illness with risk of fatality. we describe a case of p. knowlesi infection causing multi-organ failure in a patient who was successfully managed due to early recognition of the infection. clinicians in this region sho ... | 2014 | 24862042 |
| challenges in diagnosis of plasmodium knowlesi infections. | plasmodium knowlesi is the fifth species of plasmodium recently identified to cause human malaria. infections with p. knowlesi are currently being reported from south-east asian countries and the incidence is on the rise with a possibility of spread to the geographically contiguous countries. p. knowlesi infections can result in a high degree of parasitemia causing severe malaria in a larger proportion of infected individuals. if detected early and treated with appropriate antimicrobials, these ... | 2014 | 24754023 |
| plasmodium knowlesi in travellers, update 2014. | since the initial discovery of plasmodium knowlesi in malaysia, cases have been reported from several neighbouring countries. tourism has also resulted in an increasing number of cases diagnosed in europe, america, and oceania. in this review we focus on the risk of the travel-associated acquisition of p. knowlesi malaria. | 2014 | 24631521 |
| high prevalence and genetic diversity of plasmodium malariae and no evidence of plasmodium knowlesi in bangladesh. | although the prevalence of malaria remains high in parts of bangladesh, there continues to be a substantial shortage of information regarding the less common malaria parasites such as plasmodium malariae or plasmodium knowlesi. recent studies indicate that p. malariae may be extremely rare, and so far, there are no data on the presence (or absence) of p. knowlesi in southeastern bangladesh. genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of the small subunit ribosomal ... | 2014 | 24578257 |
| evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of human infections with plasmodium knowlesi. | plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite of southeast asian macaques, infects humans and can cause fatal malaria. it is difficult to diagnose by microscopy because of morphological similarity to plasmodium malariae. nested pcr assay is the most accurate method to distinguish p. knowlesi from other plasmodium species but is not cost effective in resource-poor settings. rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are recommended for settings where malaria is prevalent. in this study, the effectiveness of three r ... | 2014 | 24548805 |
| accurate identification of the six human plasmodium spp. causing imported malaria, including plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium knowlesi. | accurate identification of plasmodium infections in non-endemic countries is of critical importance with regard to the administration of a targeted therapy having a positive impact on patient health and management and allowing the prevention of the risk of re-introduction of endemic malaria in such countries. malaria is no longer endemic in italy where it is the most commonly imported disease, with one of the highest rates of imported malaria among european non-endemic countries including france ... | 2013 | 24034175 |
| cloning, expression, and immunocharacterization of surface protein containing an altered thrombospondin repeat domain (spatr) from plasmodium knowlesi. | plasmodium knowlesi is the fifth species identified to cause malaria in humans and is often misdiagnosed as plasmodium malariae due to morphological similarities. the development of an inexpensive, serological detection method utilizing antibodies specific to p. knowlesi would be a valuable tool for diagnosis. however, the identification of specific antigens for these parasites remains a major challenge for generating such assays. in this study, surface protein containing an altered thrombospond ... | 2013 | 23734702 |
| first case of plasmodium knowlesi infection in a japanese traveller returning from malaysia. | this is the first case of plasmodium knowlesi infection in a japanese traveller returning from malaysia. in september 2012, a previously healthy 35-year-old japanese man presented to national center for global health and medicine in tokyo with a two-day history of daily fever, mild headaches and mild arthralgia. malaria parasites were found in the giemsa-stained thin blood smear, which showed band forms similar to plasmodium malariae. although a nested pcr showed the amplification of the primer ... | 2013 | 23587117 |
| asymptomatic plasmodium malariae infections in children from suburban areas of yaoundé, cameroon. | the gold standard for malaria diagnosis is the microscopic examination of giemsa stained thick blood smears though microscopy mostly may not detect the presence of plasmodium species infections in asymptomatic samples. in the reported study, we used two diagnostic methods viz. the conventional microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to analyse the asymptomatic malaria samples. pcr assay amplifying 18s small-subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene of plasmodium in 122 samp ... | 2017 | 28263883 |
| plasmodium malariae and p. ovale genomes provide insights into malaria parasite evolution. | elucidation of the evolutionary history and interrelatedness of plasmodium species that infect humans has been hampered by a lack of genetic information for three human-infective species: p. malariae and two p. ovale species (p. o. curtisi and p. o. wallikeri). these species are prevalent across most regions in which malaria is endemic and are often undetectable by light microscopy, rendering their study in human populations difficult. the exact evolutionary relationship of these species to the ... | 2017 | 28117441 |
| multi-method assessment of patients with febrile illness reveals over-diagnosis of malaria in rural uganda. | health clinics in rural africa are typically resource-limited. as a result, many patients presenting with fever are treated with anti-malarial drugs based only on clinical presentation. this is a considerable issue in uganda, where malaria is routinely over-diagnosed and over-treated, constituting a wastage of resources and an elevated risk of mortality in wrongly diagnosed patients. however, rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for malaria are increasingly being used in health facilities. being fast, ... | 2016 | 27604542 |
| failure of atovaquone-proguanil chemoprophylaxis and chloroquine treatment in plasmodium malariae infection. | | 2017 | 27546283 |
| persistent parasitism: the adaptive biology of malariae and ovale malaria. | plasmodium malariae causes malaria in humans throughout the tropics and subtropics. plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri are sympatric sibling species common in sub-saharan africa and also found in oceania and asia. although rarely identified as the cause of malaria cases in endemic countries, pcr detection has confirmed all three parasite species to be more prevalent, and persistent, than previously thought. chronic, low-density, multispecies asymptomatic infection is a succe ... | 2016 | 27480365 |
| asymptomatic plasmodium infections in children in low malaria transmission setting, southwestern uganda(1). | a survey of asymptomatic children in uganda showed plasmodium malariae and p. falciparum parasites in 45% and 55% of microscopy-positive samples, respectively. although 36% of microscopy-positive samples were negative by rapid diagnostic test, 75% showed p. malariae or p. ovale parasites by pcr, indicating that routine diagnostic testing misses many non-p. falciparum malarial infections. | 2016 | 27434741 |
| genome-scale comparison of expanded gene families in plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium ovale curtisi with plasmodium malariae and with other plasmodium species. | malaria in humans is caused by six species of plasmodium parasites, of which the nuclear genome sequences for the two plasmodium ovale spp., p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri, and plasmodium malariae have not yet been analyzed. here we present an analysis of the nuclear genome sequences of these three parasites, and describe gene family expansions therein. plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri are genetically distinct but morphologically indistinguishable and have sympatric range ... | 2016 | 27392654 |
| [fever and chills in an 85-year-old woman]. | | 2016 | 27321571 |
| transfusion-transmitted malaria not preventable by current blood donor screening guidelines: a case report. | transfusion-transmitted malaria (ttm) is a well-known, though rare, entity in the united states with only 100 cases previously reported. with no food and drug administration-approved screening tests of donated blood for malaria in the united states, prevention relies solely on deferral of the highest-risk donors. we present a case of ttm not preventable by these guidelines. | 2016 | 27297115 |
| mouse-based research on quiescent primate malaria parasites. | mice engrafted with primate tissue make two important plasmodial dormancy-related questions researchable. the first is concerned with whether latent merozoites in the lymphatic system can give rise to relapse-like, recurrent malaria in primates. the second is that genetic evidence of hypnozoite activation as the source of relapsing primate malaria can be looked for. | 2016 | 26961183 |
| [laboratory analysis and diagnosis of one transfusion-transmitted quartan malaria case in shanghai city]. | to diagnose a case of quartan malaria with unknown origin by laboratory detection. | 2015 | 26767256 |
| plasmodium malariae infection associated with a high burden of anemia: a hospital-based surveillance study. | plasmodium malariae is a slow-growing parasite with a wide geographic distribution. although generally regarded as a benign cause of malaria, it has been associated with nephrotic syndrome, particularly in young children, and can persist in the host for years. morbidity associated with p. malariae infection has received relatively little attention, and the risk of p. malariae-associated nephrotic syndrome is unknown. | 2015 | 26720002 |
| plasmodium malariae malaria: from monkey to man? | | 2015 | 26501096 |
| delayed onset of symptoms and atovaquone-proguanil chemoprophylaxis breakthrough by plasmodium malariae in the absence of mutation at codon 268 of pmcytb. | plasmodium malariae is widely distributed across the tropics, causing symptomatic malaria in humans with a 72-hour fever periodicity, and may present after latency periods lasting up to many decades. delayed occurrence of symptoms is observed in humans using chemoprophylaxis, or patients having received therapies targeting p. falciparum intraerythrocytic asexual stages, but few investigators have addressed the biological basis of the ability of p. malariae to persist in the human host. to invest ... | 2015 | 26485258 |
| [one transfusion-transmitted plasmodium malariae infection case in shanghai]. | | 2014 | 25902679 |
| detection of intracellular parasites by use of the cellavision dm96 analyzer during routine screening of peripheral blood smears. | conventional microscopy is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. the cellavision dm96 is a digital hematology analyzer that utilizes neural networks to locate, digitize, and preclassify leukocytes and characterize red blood cell morphology. this study compared the detection rates of plasmodium and babesia species on peripheral blood smears utilizing the cellavision dm96 with the rates for a routine red blood cell morphology scan. a total of 281 slides were analyzed, consisting of 130 slides p ... | 2015 | 25378575 |
| a nephrotic syndrome of tropical origin: case report and short review of the aetiology. | we present a case of nephrotic syndrome in a 38-year-old man of ivorian origin. in the search of the cause of his illness an infection with plasmodium malariae (p. malariae) was diagnosed by serology and by microscopy of a giemsa thin blood smear which revealed rare gametocytes of p. malariae. proteinuria significantly diminished within three months after antimalarial treatment. antibodies against schistosoma were detected as well. examination of kidney biopsy revealed a discrete mesangioprolife ... | 2014 | 25103593 |
| [two cases of african imported plasmodium malariae malaria]. | the process of diagnosis, epidemiological survey and treatment of two cases of african imported quartan malaria is reported in this paper. | 2014 | 25051852 |
| plasmodium malariae infection: a case of missed diagnosis. | | 2014 | 24947226 |
| [diagnosis and treatment for three imported plasmodium malariae malaria cases in henan province]. | giemsa-stained blood film microscopy, carestart rapid detection and pcr were used to detect the three cases who returned from angola and equatorial guinea to henan province. onset of malaria symptoms for two patients occurred 15 d and 27 d after their return from angola, respectively. two months after returning home, another case relapsed who had suffered from malaria in equatorial guinea. all three patients had the symptoms such as irregular fever, headache, chills and so on. two cases had elev ... | 2014 | 24822369 |
| recrudescence of plasmodium malariae after quinine. | plasmodium malariae causes uncommon benign malaria found in the malaria endemic regions mostly of sub-saharan africa. as plasmodium malariae does not have a continued liver stage in humans the only way to have reinfection without reexposure is through recrudescence. however, reports of its recrudescence after antimalarials are rare with only a handful of case reports in the literature. research in this field to date has not been able to establish definitively an emergence of resistance in plasmo ... | 2014 | 24711818 |
| genetic variability of plasmodium malariae dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) in four asian countries. | the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes of 44 p. malariae strains from four asian countries were isolated. only a limited number of polymorphisms were observed. comparison with homologous mutations in other plasmodium species showed that these polymorphisms are unlikely to be associated with sulfadoxine resistance. | 2014 | 24699454 |
| the challenges of caring for children with nephrotic syndrome in a tertiary institution in the democratic republic of congo. | the care of children with resistant nephrotic syndrome (ns) in the democratic republic of congo is compromised by resource deficiencies that range from inadequate healthcare budgets, to scarce laboratory facilities and inconsistent drug supplies. the aim of this study was to describe the clinical profile and management of children with nephrotic syndrome in kinshasa, the country's capital and its largest city. | 2014 | 24673208 |
| a morphology-based method for the diagnosis of red blood cells parasitized by plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale. | the morphology of red blood cells (rbcs) is altered significantly during the maturation stages of malaria parasites, which include ring, trophozoite, and schizont. there is dissimilarity in terms of the morphological characteristics of parasitized rbcs infected by the 4 species of plasmodium, including falciparum, vivax, malariae, and ovale. this makes the process of diagnosis very difficult, which may lead to a wrong treatment method and substantial damage to the health of the patient. an innov ... | 2014 | 24568595 |
| a 20-year longitudinal study of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae prevalence and morbidity in a west african population. | plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae have long been reported to be widely distributed in tropical africa and in other major malaria-endemic areas of the world. however, little is known about the burden caused by these two malaria species. | 2014 | 24520325 |
| nested pcr detection of plasmodium malariae from microscopy confirmed p. falciparum samples in endemic area of ne india. | the present study evaluates the performance of optimal-it test and nested pcr assay in detection of malaria parasites. a total of 76 randomly selected blood samples collected from two malaria endemic areas were tested for malaria parasites using microscopy and optimal-it test in the field. pcr assays were performed in the laboratory using dna extracted from blood spots of the same samples collected on the fta classic cards. of the total of 61 field confirmed malaria positive samples, only 58 (95 ... | 2013 | 24471280 |
| sequence-based optimization of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for detection of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. | although microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood smears remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, molecular detection using pcr is becoming increasingly popular. due to discrepant pcr and microscopy results, we aimed to optimize our detection assays for plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale by sequencing the 18s rrna region and developing a new primer and probe set for real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). clinical specimens positive for p. malariae (n = 15) or p. ovale (n ... | 2014 | 24430459 |
| a case report of transfusion-transmitted plasmodium malariae from an asymptomatic non-immune traveller. | the incidence of transfusion-transmitted malaria is very low in non-endemic countries due to strict donor selection. the optimal strategy to mitigate the risk of transfusion-transmitted malaria in non-endemic countries without unnecessary exclusion of blood donations is, however, still debated and asymptomatic carriers of plasmodium species may still be qualified to donate blood for transfusion purposes. | 2013 | 24304475 |
| [plasmodium malariae malaria with more than a 4-month incubation period: difficult to distinguish from a relapse of plasmodium vivax malaria]. | we report herein on a case of plasmodium malariae malaria with more than a 4-month incubation period. a 35-year-old japanese man who first presented to our clinic with fever and history of travel to papua new guinea was suspected of having plasmodium vivax malaria based on peripheral smear results. we admitted him and initiated treatment with mefloquine. after two days of therapy, he became afebrile. we discharged him, and p. vivax was later confirmed with pcr. we started mefloquine prophylaxis ... | 2013 | 23984595 |
| are artemisinin-based combination therapies effective against plasmodium malariae? | | 2013 | 23341126 |
| malaria outside the amazon region: natural plasmodium infection in anophelines collected near an indigenous village in the vale do rio branco, itanhaém, sp, brazil. | a few cases of plasmodium vivax malaria in which anophelines of subgenus kerteszia were incriminated as vectors have been reported outside the amazon region, in the atlantic forest. this study was carried out near an indigenous guarani village in the curucutu reserve, an environmental protection area in the municipality of itanhaém in the state of são paulo, brazil, on november 30, 2009, february 18, 2010, april 29, 2010 and may 26, 2010. mosquitoes were collected along the route to the guarani ... | 2013 | 22989665 |
| a case of imported plasmodium malariae malaria. | malaria, the most common vector-borne parasite infection worldwide, results from infection by plasmodium species. approximately 80% of malaria cases are caused by p. vivax, which is broadly distributed from tropical to temperate regions; p. falciparum is the second most common infectious species. p. malariae and p. ovale are responsible for a relatively small proportion of malaria cases. here, we report the case of a 23-yr-old korean woman who acquired a p. malariae infection while visiting the ... | 2012 | 22563561 |
| identification of plasmodium spp. in neotropical primates of maranhense amazon in northeast brazil. | in the brazilian amazon region, malaria caused by plasmodium malariae is considered to be a zoonosis because of cross-transfer of the parasite between humans and neotropical primates. to contribute information on this issue, we investigated occurrences of natural infection with plasmodium sp. among neotropical primates in the maranhense amazon (amazon region of the state of maranhão), in the northeastern region of brazil. blood samples were collected from 161 neotropical primates of six species ... | 2017 | 28796820 |
| malaria in the guangxi zhuang autonomous region in china: a twelve-year surveillance data study. | the incidence of an indigenous malaria, defined as malaria acquired by a local mosquito transmission, declined from 2004 to 2015 in the guangxi zhuang autonomous region. however, imported malaria, defined as malaria acquired from other endemic regions outside of china, has been increasing in the region, as in the rest of the country, particularly the disease caused by plasmodium falciparum. a retrospective study was conducted to explore malaria-endemic characteristics in guangxi during the 2004- ... | 2017 | 28820683 |
| cryptic plasmodium ovale concurrent with mixed plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae infection in two children from central african republic. | since several malaria parasite species are usually present in a particular area, co-infections with more than one species of plasmodium are more likely to occur in humans infected in these areas. in many mixed infections, parasite densities of the cryptic species may be low and often not recognized in clinical practice. | 2017 | 28810865 |
| non-falciparum malaria imported mainly from africa: a review from a portuguese hospital. | non-falciparum malaria (nfm) has been reported to be responsible for around 25% of imported malaria cases in europe but is often neglected due to its less severe clinical course when compared to plasmodium falciparum. differentiation between species is however crucial for a correct approach. the objective of this study is to report the cases of this often missed aetiology of malaria in a tertiary hospital in portugal. | 2017 | 28743266 |
| a dual colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) assay for identifying the zoonotic malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi with a potential application for the specific diagnosis of knowlesi malaria in peripheral-level laboratories of southeast asia. | plasmodium knowlesi is primarily responsible for zoonotic malaria in several southeast asian countries. precise identification of the parasite in the blood of patients presently relies on an expensive and elaborate pcr procedure because microscopic examination of blood and other available field identification techniques lack adequate specificity. therefore, the use of a simple and inexpensive dual-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) assay, analogous to fish assays recently described ... | 2017 | 28724402 |
| malaria in brazil, colombia, peru and venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination. | in spite of significant progress towards malaria control and elimination achieved in south america in the 2000s, this mosquito-transmitted tropical disease remains an important public health concern in the region. most malaria cases in south america come from amazon rain forest areas in northern countries, where more than half of malaria is caused by plasmodium vivax, while plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence has decreased in recent years. this review discusses current malaria data, policies ... | 2017 | 28676055 |