| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: report of a case with massive involvement of nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa. | | 2006 | 16574379 |
| pcr in the investigation of canine american tegumentary leishmaniasis in northwestern paraná state, brazil. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) was studied in 143 dogs in a rural area in the county of mariluz, northwestern paraná state, brazil, using direct parasite search, indirect immunofluorescence (iif), and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). thirty-nine dogs (27.3%) presented lesions suggestive of the disease, 5 (12.8%) of which were positive in direct parasite search and pcr (lesion), and of these 5, 4 were also positive by iif. of the 34 dogs with negative direct parasite search, 12 (35.3%) ... | 2006 | 16583101 |
| cd4+cd25+ t cells in skin lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibit phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural regulatory t cells. | endogenous regulatory t (treg) cells are involved in the control of infections, including leishmania infection in mice. leishmania viannia braziliensis is the main etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in brazil, and it is also responsible for the more severe mucocutaneous form. here, we investigated the possible involvement of treg cells in the control of the immune response in human skin lesions caused by l. viannia braziliensis infection. we show that functional treg cells can be fo ... | 2006 | 16586370 |
| comparison of pcr assays for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | three pcr assays for diagnosing leishmaniasis were compared and validated against parasite cultures and microscopic evaluation of stained tissue smears using 92 specimens from suspected cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in israel and the west bank. samples from imported and locally acquired disease were examined. the kinetoplast dna (kdna) pcr showed the highest sensitivity (98.7%) of any assay, correctly diagnosing 77/78 of the confirmed positive samples, followed by the rrna gene internal ... | 2006 | 16597873 |
| isolation of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis from lutzomyia spinicrassa (species group verrucarum) morales osorno mesa, osorno and hoyos 1969, in the venezuelan andean region. | natural infection with leishmania spp. in phlebotomine sandflies was searched for during a longitudinal study carried out from july 1997 to july 1998 in the village catarnica, municipality independencia, táchira state. this hamlet is an old endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the venezuelan andean region, which lies close to the colombian border at 1,300 m a.s.l., in an agricultural area mainly used for cultivating coffee. phlebotomine sandflies were collected using shannon traps placed ... | 2006 | 16605063 |
| resistance to antimony and treatment failure in human leishmania (viannia) infection. | failure of antimonial therapy has been increasingly reported in anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis and in cutaneous disease. the role of drug resistance in treatment failure has been difficult to ascertain because therapeutic response is multifactorial, and the efficacy of antimonial drugs depends on an effective immune response. in this study, we sought to determine whether standard treatment selects for resistant organisms and whether drug resistance contributes to treatment failure. | 2006 | 16619185 |
| leishmanicidal activity of pycnoporus sanguineus. | in the search for antiparasite compounds from the colombian flora, an active compound against leishmania (viannia) panamensis amastigotes was isolated from the fungi pycnoporus sanguineus. the structural elucid-ation was achieved with spectroscopic methods ((1)h and (13)c nmr and ms). this compound was identified as ergosterol 5,8-endoperoxide. | 2006 | 16619346 |
| differential effects of antigens from l. braziliensis isolates from disseminated and cutaneous leishmaniasis on in vitro cytokine production. | disseminated leishmaniasis is an emerging infectious disease, mostly due to l. braziliensis, which has clinical and histopathological features distinct from cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2006 | 16638143 |
| use of pcr-rflp to identify leishmania species in naturally-infected dogs. | tissue imprints on giemsa stained slides from dogs were used to investigate the presence of leishmania amastigotes by either optical microscopy (om) or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of dna. samples from skin, spleen, lymph node, liver and bone marrow from a leishmaniasis endemic area dogs where leishmania (leishmania) chagasi and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis are sympatric were studied. dogs were initially diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence (iif), as which 39 were iif posit ... | 2006 | 16682124 |
| new world cutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers. | as travel to latin america has become increasingly common, cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasingly seen among returning travellers--eg, the number of observed cases has doubled in the netherlands and tripled in the uk in the past decade. a surprisingly high proportion of cases were acquired in rural or jungle areas of the amazon basin in bolivia. the clinical manifestations range from ulcerative skin lesions (cutaneous leishmaniasis) to a destructive mucosal inflammation (mucocutaneous leishmani ... | 2006 | 16728320 |
| comparative genomics and concerted evolution of beta-tubulin paralogs in leishmania spp. | tubulin isotypes and expression patterns are highly regulated in diverse organisms. the genome sequence of the protozoan parasite leishmania major contains three distinct beta-tubulin loci. to investigate the diversity of beta-tubulin genes, we have compared the published genome sequence to draft genome sequences of two further species l. infantum and l. braziliensis. untranscribed regions and coding sequences for each isoform were compared within and between species in relation to the known div ... | 2006 | 16756660 |
| haematogenous dissemination of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in human american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | one of the potential dangers of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the development of mucosal lesions. haematogenous dissemination of the parasite is the most likely mechanism to explain this occurrence, but most attempts to isolate the parasite from blood have so far been unsuccessful. the presence of leishmania in peripheral blood was therefore evaluated by pcr using dna samples isolated from patients presenting active cutaneous or mucosal d ... | 2006 | 16765391 |
| pfpi-like genes are expressed in leishmania major but are pseudogenes in other leishmania species. | pyrococcus furiosus protease i (pfpi) is a multimeric cysteine peptidase from p. furiosus. genome analyses indicate that orthologues are present in rather few other organisms, including dictyostelium discoideum and several bacteria, archaea and plants. an open reading frame (orf) coding for a pfpi-like protein (pfp1) was identified in leishmania major and leishmania mexicana and full-length spliced and polyadenylated pfp1 mrna detected for both species. vestiges of a pfpi-like gene could also be ... | 2006 | 16790017 |
| rapid text referral. | | 2006 | 16790386 |
| leishmania infection impairs beta 1-integrin function and chemokine receptor expression in mononuclear phagocytes. | leishmania spp. are intracellular parasites that cause lesions in the skin, mucosa, and viscera. we have previously shown that leishmania infection reduces mononuclear phagocyte adhesion to inflamed connective tissue. in this study, we examined the role of adhesion molecules and chemokines in this process. infection rate (r = -0.826, p = 0.003) and parasite burden (r = -0.917, p = 0.028) negatively correlated to mouse phagocyte adhesion. the decrease (58.7 to 75.0% inhibition, p = 0.005) in phag ... | 2006 | 16790764 |
| leishmania identification by pcr of giemsa-stained lesion imprint slides stored for up to 36 years. | this study examined the ability of pcr to amplify leishmania dna, stored on giemsa-stained slides, from american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) patients. in total, 475 slides stored for up to 36 years were obtained from an outpatient clinic in a brazilian acl-endemic region, and leishmania dna was amplified from 395 (83.2%) of the dna samples using primers specific for the minicircle kinetoplast dna. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of these amplicons demonstrated that leishmania ... | 2006 | 16842583 |
| molecular modeling of the human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eif5a) based on spectroscopic and computational analyses. | the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eif5a) is a protein ubiquitously present in archaea and eukarya, which undergoes a unique two-step post-translational modification called hypusination. several studies have shown that hypusination is essential for a variety of functional roles for eif5a, including cell proliferation and synthesis of proteins involved in cell cycle control. up to now neither a totally selective inhibitor of hypusination nor an inhibitor capable of directly binding ... | 2006 | 16842744 |
| evidence for leishmania (viannia) parasites in the skin and blood of patients before and after treatment. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered to be a zoonotic disease transmitted by sand flies that feed on infected sylvatic mammals. however, the "domestication" of transmission and the increase in treatment failure with antimonial drugs have raised the suspicion of anthroponotic transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2006 | 16845635 |
| il6 -174 g/c promoter polymorphism influences susceptibility to mucosal but not localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) is associated with exaggerated tumor necrosis factor- alpha and interferon- gamma responses and tissue destruction. ml follows localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania braziliensis infection. interleukin (il)-6 down-regulates t helper (th) cell type 1 differentiation and drives th2 cell differentiation. the il6 -174 g/c polymorphism is associated with proinflammatory diseases and il-6 regulation. | 2006 | 16845637 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the prevalent species infecting patients with tegumentary leishmaniasis from mato grosso state, brazil. | the frequency of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection among patients of mato grosso, brazil was estimated by polymerase chain reaction-pcr, dna hybridization and by isoenzyme electrophoresis. analysis of dna polymorphism was carried out using random amplified polymorphic dna-pcr (rapdpcr) with five different primers. the patients were attended from may 1997 to february 1998 at the reference ambulatory for american tegumentary leishmaniasis at júlio müller university hospital of the federa ... | 2006 | 16846569 |
| characterization of cell cultures derived from lutzomyia spinicrassa (diptera: psychodidae) and their susceptibility to infection with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the sand fly lutzomyia spinicrassa (morales, osorno-mesa, osorno & de hoyos, 1969) is a vector of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, an etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia. the present article describes, for the first time, the morphological, karyotypical, and isozymatic characteristics of cell cultures derived from l. spinicrassa embryonic tissues as well as the interaction of l. braziliensis with these cell cultures. | 2005 | 16319783 |
| leishmaniasis recidiva cutis due to leishmania (viannia) panamensis in subtropical ecuador: isoenzymatic characterization. | information regarding leishmaniasis recidiva cutis (lrc), a clinical variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the new world is scarce. lrc is characterized by slowly progressing lesion(s) that appear after a variable period of time, from months to years, in or around the scar of an apparently clinically healed sore. | 2006 | 16445499 |
| comparative protein profiling identifies elongation factor-1beta and tryparedoxin peroxidase as factors associated with metastasis in leishmania guyanensis. | parasites of the leishmania viannia subgenus are major causative agents of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl), a disease characterised by parasite dissemination (metastasis) from the original cutaneous lesion to form debilitating secondary lesions in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. we employed a protein profiling approach to identify potential metastasis factors in laboratory clones of l. (v.) guyanensis with stable phenotypes ranging from highly metastatic (m+) through infrequently metastatic (m+/m-) ... | 2006 | 16325936 |
| characterization of the t-cell receptor vbeta repertoire in the human immune response against leishmania parasites. | in order to explore a possible presence of hyperreactive t-cell clones in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), we have investigated, by flow cytometry, the expression of vbeta chains of t-cell receptors (tcrs) in the following types of cells: (i) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from cl patients, which were then compared to those from normal volunteers; (ii) unstimulated and soluble leishmania antigen-stimulated draining lymph node cells from cl patients; (iii) pbmcs from volunteers bef ... | 2006 | 16861664 |
| characterization of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis membrane microdomains, and their role in macrophage infectivity. | detergent-resistant membranes (drms) from leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes, insoluble in 1% triton x-100 at 4 degrees c, were fractionated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. they were composed of glycoinositolphospholipids (gipls), inositol phosphorylceramide (ipc), phosphatidylinositol (pi), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), and sterols. in contrast, 1% triton x-100-soluble fraction was composed of pe, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, pi, ipc, sterol, and lyso- ... | 2006 | 16861743 |
| stages in the identification of phlebotomine sandflies as vectors of leishmaniases and other tropical diseases. | the first time the term phlebotomine sandfly was used, was by an italian naturalist, philippo bonanni, in 1691. the first description though was made by another italian naturalist, scopoli, under the name bibio papatasi. the name of the genus, phlebotomus, was not given until 1840 by rondani and berté. the first description of an american phlebotomine sandfly was made by coquillett, in 1907. the discovery of the three first sandflies in brazil is the work of lutz and neiva, in 1912. from this da ... | 2005 | 16866034 |
| vianna and the discovery of leishmania braziliensis: the role of brazilian parasitologists in the identification of bauru's ulcer as american leishmaniasis. | the description of a new species of leishmania spp. and the comprehensive study of a yet incompletely understood disease, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, was a significant accomplishment of the then emerging brazilian medical and public health science in the early decades of the 20th century. gaspar vianna and a group of academic-minded physicians in são paulo brought forth a task still largely ignored, the complete description of a new nosological entity, in the process forming the core of a paras ... | 2005 | 16866039 |
| [outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in military population coming back from french guiana]. | an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred among 71 soldiers who had participated in various missions during a 4-month's period in french guiana. the aims of this study were (i) to describe outbreak and (ii) to determine risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2006 | 16902382 |
| [trypanosomatidae of public health importance occurring in wild and synanthropic animals of rural venezuela]. | chagas disease and leishmaniasis are important public health problems due to their high frequency and broad distribution in latin america. understanding of the roles of reservoir animals is crucial for a global assessment of the epidemiology of these diseases. | 2006 | 16929902 |
| species diversity causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in rio branco, state of acre, brazil. | information on leishmania species diversity in western brazilian amazon and the clinical picture of human cutaneous leishmaniasis it causes is scarce. we describe clinical findings, diagnostic procedures and identification of leishmania species in patients from that region. | 2006 | 16930261 |
| molecular tools versus parasite isolation for evaluating the hosts of leishmania braziliensis. | | 2006 | 16935561 |
| sporotrichosis: the main differential diagnosis with tegumentary leishmaniosis in dogs from rio de janeiro, brazil. | seventy-four dogs from the state of rio de janeiro with ulcerated cutaneous lesions were submitted to clinical, dermatological, parasitological, mycological, histopathological and cytopathological exams, a leishmanin skin test, an indirect immunofluorescence (iif) test for leishmaniosis, and nonspecific laboratory tests such as blood count and serum biochemistry. sporothrix schenckii was isolated from 41 dogs and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis was isolated from 33 animals. most dogs with spor ... | 2007 | 16973286 |
| clonal propagation and the fast generation of karyotype diversity: an in vitro leishmania model. | in the present work we studied the karyotype stability during long-term in vitro maintenance in 3 cloned strains of leishmania (viannia) peruviana, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and a hybrid between both species. only the l. (v.) peruviana strain showed an unstable karyotype, even after subcloning. four chromosomes were studied in detail, each of them characterized by homologous chromosomes of different size (heteromorphy). variations in chromosome patterns during in vitro maintenance were r ... | 2007 | 16978449 |
| resistance to oxidative stress is associated with metastasis in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) in south and central america is characterized by the dissemination (metastasis) of leishmania viannia subgenus parasites from a cutaneous lesion to nasopharyngeal tissues. little is known about the pathogenesis of mcl, especially with regard to the virulence of the parasites and the process of metastatic dissemination. we previously examined the functional relationship between cytoplasmic peroxiredoxin and metastatic phenotype using highly, infrequently, and non ... | 2006 | 16991092 |
| the sera from individuals suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania brazilensis present antibodies against parasitic conserved proteins, but not their human counterparts. | sera from individuals suffering from leishmaniasis have been shown to strongly react against conserved proteins from the parasite, such as ribosomal, histones and heat-shock proteins. some of these proteins have also been described as immunogenic in several auto-immune syndromes, and the detection of antibodies against them is considered to be indicative of disorder of the immune system. in this paper, we investigate whether there is any relationship between the recognition of some conserved pro ... | 2006 | 17007215 |
| design, construction, and evaluation of a specific chimeric antigen to diagnose chagasic infection. | chagas' disease is routinely diagnosed by detecting specific antibodies (abs) using serological methods. the methodology has the drawback of potential cross-reactions with abs raised during other infectious and autoimmune diseases (aid). fusion of dna sequences encoding antigenic proteins is a versatile tool to engineer proteins to be used as sensitizing elements in serological tests. a synthetic gene encoding a chimeric protein containing the c-terminal region of c29 and the n-terminal region o ... | 2006 | 17021107 |
| microbial heat shock protein 70 stimulatory properties have different tlr requirements. | members of the hsp70 family have acquired special significance in immunity. among other receptors, toll like receptor (tlr)-2 and tlr-4 have been suggested to be involved in hsp70-mediated signalling. we have previously shown that recombinant hsp70 from trypanosoma cruzi and from plasmodium falciparum function as adjuvants. in the present study, we have extended the study with other microbial hsps (mhsps) and considered of interest to assess the influence of tlr-2 and tlr-4 in mhsp-promoted resp ... | 2007 | 17049413 |
| responses of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis cutaneous infection to n-methylglucamine antimoniate in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) model. | the antileishmanial efficacy of the reference drug n-methylglucamine antimoniate (glucantime) was evaluated in groups of rhesus monkeys with acute and chronic leishmania (viannia) braziliensis cutaneous infection. the therapeutic responses in experimental animals to either a low dose (5 mg/kg body wt/day for 28 days) or a routine dose (20 mg/kg/day for 28 days) of pentavalent antimony were similar to those reported in the human disease. primates were cured of their lesions after treatment, but w ... | 2005 | 17089782 |
| [human and canine american cutaneous leishmaniasis in mariluz, paraná state, brazil]. | an outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported in 2002 in mariluz, northwestern paraná state, brazil. of 38 humans who were investigated, four had healed lesions, ten showed lesions in the healing process, and 24 had active lesions. of the 126 dogs, 20 (15.9%) presented suggestive lesions and 24 (19%) had positive serology. parasites isolated from two patients and three dogs were identified as leishmania (viannia) braziliensis serodeme i. the captured sand flies were identified as ... | 2006 | 17096049 |
| detection of leishmania (viannia) dna in blood from patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of leishmania (viannia) subgenus dna in peripheral blood from patients with cutaneous lesions due to american cutaneous leishmaniasis. the buffy coats from 68 blood samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using the mp1l/mp3h primers. the parasite dna was detected in 2 (3.4%) out of 59 patients who had amastigotes present in samples taken from lesions. the presence of leishmania (viannia) dna in the blood of these patients in ... | 2007 | 17118356 |
| sensitivity of an immunoenzymatic test for detection of anti-l. brasiliensis antibodies compared to other tests used for the diagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the diagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is frequently based on clinical and epidemiological data associated with the results of laboratory tests. some laboratory methods are currently being applied for the diagnosis of acl, among them the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (iifr), the montenegro skin test (mst), histopathological examination, and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the performance of these methods varies in a considerable proportion of patients. after the stan ... | 2006 | 17119678 |
| influence of helminth infections on the clinical course of and immune response to leishmania braziliensis cutaneous leishmaniasis. | helminth infections influence the clinical outcome of and immune response to certain immune-mediated diseases. | 2007 | 17152018 |
| leishmania amazonensis infections in oryzomys acritus and oryzomys nitidus from bolivia. | three of thirteen oryzomys acritus, emmons and patton 2005 (rodentia: muridae: sigmodontinae) and 3 of 17 oryzomys nitidus, thomas 1884, collected from noël kempff national park, bolivia, from 2002 to 2005, tested positive for leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis or l. (l.) mexicana and negative for leishmania (viannia) spp. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). based on previous records of l. (l.) amazonensis in humans, rodents, and sand flies from bolivia, and the geographic distributions ... | 2006 | 17172367 |
| oral miltefosine to treat new world cutaneous leishmaniasis. | | 2007 | 17182338 |
| [a patient with long-term, unrecognized leishmaniasis]. | a man from surinam presented at the department of internal medicine with a perforated septum and progressive collapse of the nose. this condition had existed for 22 years, though earlier analysis had not revealed the cause. microscopic analysis showed a granulomatous inflammatory reaction, with cultures revealing of leishmania. the diagnosis was mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and pcr indicated leishmania braziliensis complex. the patient was treated for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis by a 28-day cours ... | 2006 | 17194010 |
| treatment of bolivian mucosal leishmaniasis with miltefosine. | although mucosal leishmaniasis is a prominent disease, it has been studied only to a limited extent. it is classically treated with parenteral antimony or, as a last resort, amphotericin b. | 2007 | 17205440 |
| leishmania (viannia) lainsoni (silveira et al. 1987): ultrastructural aspects of the parasite and skin lesion in experimentally infected hamster (mesocricetus auratus). | leishmania (viannia) lainsoni was first described in 1987 in the state of pará, in the brazilian amazon region. the initial characterization of this parasite was performed based only in light microscopy techniques. posterior studies with this leishmania species, which focused on biochemistry and molecular assays, showed its divergent position in the leishmania genus. in this study, we characterize the ultrastructure of culture promastigote forms throughout the growth curve. our results demonstra ... | 2007 | 17206507 |
| analysis of the cc chemokine receptor 5 delta32 polymorphism in a brazilian population with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) show a vigorous t-cell immune response against leishmania braziliensis. because the th response is associated with inflammation, the non-functional cc chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) may rely in a less severe inflammatory state. the aim of this study was to investigate the ccr5 gene in a brazilian population with leishmaniasis compared with healthy control subjects and to determine the progression from cutaneous to mcl in the delta32 allele carriers. a ... | 2007 | 17214851 |
| inhibition of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis growth and infectivity by aureobasidin a. | to study the effect of aureobasidin a, an inhibitor of inositol phosphorylceramide (ipc) synthase, on leishmania growth and infectivity. | 2007 | 17242034 |
| liposomal amphotericin b in comparison to sodium stibogluconate for cutaneous infection due to leishmania braziliensis. | new world cutaneous leishmaniasis among israeli travelers is mostly acquired in the amazon basin of bolivia where leishmania viannia (v.) braziliensis is endemic. treatment with systemic pentavalent antimonial compounds is effective in achieving clinical cure in only 75% of cases. in this study, we assessed liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) as an alternative treatment for cutaneous l (v.) braziliensis infection. | 2007 | 17276541 |
| heparin binding proteins from leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes. | we have examined the heparin binding proteins from leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes (hbp-lb) by chromatography assays. the proposed strategy to isolate an enriched fraction of the hbp-lb consisted of an association of the triton x-114 method with affinity chromatography in heparin-sepharose 4b column. sds-page analysis of the eluted proteins showed two main protein bands (65.0 and 54.5 kda), while a single protein band was observed in native electrophoresis gel. the hemagglutinati ... | 2007 | 17292553 |
| single and concomitant experimental infections by endotrypanum spp. and leishmania (viannia) guyanensis (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in the neotropical sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | lutzomyia longipalpis females received single and mixed infections with endotrypanum and leishmania. two biological parameters were analyzed: the percentage of infected females and the distribution of flagellates in the gut of the females. the principal comparisons were performed between (1) two strains of endotrypanum, (2) cloned versus primary sample of one strain of endotrypanum, (3) endotrypanum versus leishmania guyanensis, and (4) the pattern of flagellates behaviour by optical microscopy ... | 2006 | 17293978 |
| leishmania (viannia) lainsoni: occurrence of intracellular promastigote forms in vivo and in vitro. | experimental chronic (45-day-old) skin lesion in hamster hind foot induced by leishmania (viannia) lainsoni infection showed the presence of promastigote forms in the tissue, inside parasitophorous vacuoles, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. experimental in vitro interaction (24 and 48 h) between leishmania (v.) lainsoni and j774-g8 macrophage cells also demonstrated the same profile. this morphological aspect is unusual, since in this parasite genus only amastigote forms have bee ... | 2006 | 17293989 |
| phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) associated with changing patterns in the transmission of the human cutaneous leishmaniasis in french guiana. | between march 2000 and december 2001 a survey of the sand flies (diptera: phlebotominae) of french guiana was carried out during 14 nights of captures with cdc light-traps and malaise traps, and resulted in the collection of 2245 individuals of 38 species. the most abundant species were lutzomyia (trichophoromyia) ininii floch & abonnenc, lu.(psychodopygus) squamiventris maripaensis floch & abonnenc, and lu .(nyssomyia) flaviscutellata mangabeira. half of the collected sand flies females were di ... | 2007 | 17293996 |
| genetic structure of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia populations from two ecologic regions in brazil where transmission of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis reflects distinct eco-epidemiologic features. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was performed to infer the magnitude and pattern of genetic differentiation among lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia populations from two ecologic regions in southeast brazil where transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) by l. (viannia) braziliensis reflects distinct eco-epidemiologic features. two hundred thirty-five bands from six primers were analyzed for genetic variation within and between sand fly populations. a lower level of ... | 2007 | 17360884 |
| multiple hybrid genotypes of leishmania (viannia) in a focus of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | the principal agent of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) is the south american protozoan parasite leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. this organism is generally considered to be clonal, that is, it does not to undergo genetic exchange. nevertheless, apparent hybrids between several leishmania species have been reported in the new world and the old world. when we characterized isolates of leishmania (viannia) from a single focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and mcl, we found a remarkable phenot ... | 2007 | 17360886 |
| cross-protection against leishmania donovani but not l. braziliensis caused by vaccination with l. major soluble promastigote exogenous antigens in balb/c mice. | vaccinating with soluble leishmania major promastigote exogenous antigens (lmseags) protects mice against challenge with l. major. to explore the potential of lmseags to cross-protect against infection with other species of leishmania, balb/c mice were immunized with lmseags prior to challenge with either l. donovani or l. braziliensis promastigotes. such mice were protected against l. donovani but not l. braziliensis infection. leishmania braziliensis-infected mice developed lesions that were n ... | 2007 | 17360887 |
| [efficacy of a kaurenic acid extracted from the venezuelan plant wedelia trilobata (asteracea) against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis]. | leishmaniasis is a global public health problem without adequate treatment options, hence requiring research on new drug development. | 2006 | 17361853 |
| [dog (canis familiaris) infectivity to lutzomyia youngi in trujillo, venezuela]. | in trujillo, venezuela the prevalence for american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) is 38 per 100,000 inhabitants. | 2006 | 17361861 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection in two colombian dogs: a note on infectivity for sand flies and response to treatment. | although canine cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported in several foci of south america, no published information from colombia is available. | 2006 | 17361862 |
| the use of tn5 transposable elements in a gene trapping strategy for the protozoan leishmania. | the use of transposable elements as a gene-trapping strategy is a powerful tool for gene discovery. herein we describe the development of a transposable system, based on the bacterial tn5 transposon, which has been used successfully in leishmania braziliensis. the transposon carries the neomycin phosphotransferase gene, which is expressed only when inserted in-frame with a leishmania gene present in the target dna. four cosmid clones from a l. braziliensis genomic library were used as targets in ... | 2007 | 17362967 |
| a comparative study of mesoionic compounds in leishmania sp. and toxicity evaluation. | in this first study, a series of mesoionic compounds like 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine derivatives were synthesized and studied in leishmania amazonensis. the cytotoxic effects of these compounds on the host cells were investigated and the antileishmanial in vitro activity was compared with other species of leishmania (leishmania chagasi and leishmania braziliensis). the compounds presented lower toxicity in murine macrophages than the reference drug pentamidine. the halogen derivatives 5, ... | 2007 | 17367894 |
| [leishmania braziliensis: report of a pediatric imported case with response to liposomal amphotericin b]. | leishmania braziliensis is the main etiologic agent of leishmaniasis in south america. a 9-year-old boy consulted for the presence of round, ulcerative lesions with raised borders that were painful and have appeared after a travel to bolivia and brazil. the culture for parasites showed leishmanias and the pcr was positive for l. braziliensis. the patient underwent treatment with itraconazol but due to the persistence of lesions he received liposomal amphotericin b with complete resolution of the ... | 2007 | 17374332 |
| [skin ulcer in a 9-year-old boy]. | | 2007 | 17386224 |
| organization of h locus conserved repeats in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis correlates with lack of gene amplification and drug resistance. | resistance to antimonials is a major problem when treating visceral leishmaniasis in india and has already been described for new world parasites. clinical response to meglumine antimoniate in patients infected with parasites of the viannia sub-genus can be widely variable, suggesting the presence of mechanisms of drug resistance. in this work, we have compared l. major and l. braziliensis mutants selected in different drugs. the cross-resistance profiles of some cell lines resembled those of mu ... | 2007 | 17393181 |
| comparison of serological assays for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in animals presenting different clinical manifestations. | three serological methods, indirect fluorescent immunoassay (ifi), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and direct agglutination test (dat) that are commonly employed in the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl), have been assessed. a total of 234 domestic dogs, drawn from an area in the municipality of belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, were submitted to clinical and parasitological examinations and serological assay. sera collected from co ... | 2007 | 17403582 |
| lutzomyia (nyssomyia) whitmani s.l . (antunes & coutinho, 1939)(diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae): geographical distribution and the epidemiology of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil--mini-review. | the aim of the present study, in view of the widespread geographical distribution of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) whitmani s.l. in brazil, in close association with the regions of transmission of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) shawi, is to investigate the distribution of this sand fly species and american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in relationship to vegetation and landscape ecology throughout brazil. thematic maps were elaborated by the mapinfo programme, giving information on the sp ... | 2007 | 17426877 |
| exposure to mixed asymptomatic infections with trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania chagasi in the human population of the greater amazon. | lack of conservation of the amazon tropical rainforest has imposed severe threats to its human population living in newly settled villages, resulting in outbreaks of some infectious diseases. we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of 1100 inhabitants of 15 villages of paço do lumiar county, brazil. thirty-five (3%) individuals had been exposed to trypanosoma cruzi (tc), 41 (4%) to leishmania braziliensis (lb) and 50 (4.5%) to leishmania chagasi (lc) infections. also, 35 cases had antibodies t ... | 2007 | 17445130 |
| aloe vera leaf exudate induces a caspase-independent cell death in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | leishmaniasis constitutes a complex of diseases with clinical and epidemiological diversity and includes visceral leishmaniasis, a disease that is fatal when left untreated. in earlier studies, the authors reported that aloe vera leaf exudate (avl) is a potent antileishmanial agent effective in promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis, leishmania mexicana, leishmania tropica, leishmania major and leishmania infantum and also in axenic amastigotes of leishmania donovani. in the present study, it ... | 2007 | 17446285 |
| oral leishmaniasis: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases. | leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with diverse clinical manifestations, and considered a public health problem in endemic countries such as brazil. mucosal lesions usually involve the upper respiratory tract, with a predilection for nose and larynx. oral involvement is unusual and in most cases it becomes evident after several years of resolution of the original cutaneous lesions. oral lesions classically appear as mucosal ulcerations, mainly in the hard or soft palate. this report describes ... | 2007 | 17448219 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: epidemiology of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of paraná (brazil). | the present study examines the role that dogs play in the maintenance of the leishmania cycle in the state of paraná, southern brazil. dogs were examined in three regions where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic or epidemic (r1-vale da ribeira; r2-central region of paraná state and r3-northern region). to determine serum prevalence rates elisa was used. in regions endemic for trypanosoma cruzi (r1 and r3), serum from dogs seroreactive towards leishmania antigen was subjected to t. cruzi adsorpti ... | 2007 | 17449032 |
| influence of leishmania (viannia) species on the response to antimonial treatment in patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | pentavalent antimonials (sbv) are the first-line chemotherapy for american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). there are, however, reports of the occurrence of treatment failure with these drugs. few studies in latin america have compared the response to sbv treatment in atl caused by different leishmania species. | 2007 | 17492601 |
| proteome analysis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, a protozoan parasite widespread in the new world, is responsible for the infection of different mammal orders, including humans. this species is considered to be a major etiological agent of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. a proteomic study was carried out to identify proteins expressed by l. (v.) braziliensis. one hundred and one spots representing 75 protein entries were identified by maldi-tof-tof. isoelectric point values estimated by gel electrophoresis ... | 2007 | 17499861 |
| [nasal septal perforation in a bolivian patient]. | | 2007 | 17504690 |
| parenteral aminosidine is not effective for peruvian mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | few therapeutic options are available for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl). we conducted a randomized open trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of parenteral aminosidine sulphate (as) 14 mg/kg/d for 21 days compared with intravenous meglumine antimonate (ma) 20 mg/kg/d for 28 days in patients with moderate mcl in cuzco, peru. cure was defined as complete healing with re-epithelialization within 1 year of follow-up. the trial was stopped after 38 patients were enrolled (17 in th ... | 2007 | 17556623 |
| comparative genomic analysis of three leishmania species that cause diverse human disease. | leishmania parasites cause a broad spectrum of clinical disease. here we report the sequencing of the genomes of two species of leishmania: leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. the comparison of these sequences with the published genome of leishmania major reveals marked conservation of synteny and identifies only approximately 200 genes with a differential distribution between the three species. l. braziliensis, contrary to leishmania species examined so far, possesses components of ... | 2007 | 17572675 |
| resistance of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide correlates with disease severity in tegumentary leishmaniasis. | nitric oxide (no*) plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent in mouse macrophages. no* resistant escherichia coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis have been associated with a severe outcome of these diseases. | 2007 | 17316450 |
| can interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 balance be associated with severity of human leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection? | suitable levels of interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-10 seem to favour the outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), while high ifn-gamma and low il-10 production are associated with severity of mucosal leishmaniasis (ml). considering that cytokine balance is important for the maintenance of protective responses in leishmaniasis, our aim was to investigate leishmanial antigens-induced ifn-gamma and il-10 levels maintained in healed individuals who had different clinical outcomes of leis ... | 2007 | 17614975 |
| efficacy of azithromycin versus systemic meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) treatment is painful, and cosmetic results are often unsatisfying. azithromycin has been reported to be effective in treatment of cl caused by leishmania viannia braziliensis. the efficacy of azithromycin was compared with glucantime in treatment of old world leishmaniasis. of 49 patients, 22 received 500 mg/day azithromycin for 5 days/month. treatment cycles were repeated monthly to a maximum of 4 months; 27 patients received 60 mg/kg intramuscular meglumine antimon ... | 2007 | 17620637 |
| testing of four leishmania vaccine candidates in a mouse model of infection with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. | we evaluated whether four recombinant antigens previously used for vaccination against experimental infection with leishmania (leishmania) major could also induce protective immunity against a challenge with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, the species responsible for 90% of the 28,712 annual cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis recorded in brazil during the year of 2004. initially, we isolated the homolog genes encoding four l. (v.) braziliensis antigens: (i) homologue of recept ... | 2007 | 17626159 |
| comparative evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on crude and recombinant leishmanial antigens for serodiagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic leishmania infantum visceral infections in dogs. | the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis remains difficult in rural areas where the disease is endemic, and serologic methods still need assessment, as they are not very sensitive for the detection of asymptomatic infectious dogs. here we present data on the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-based methods for the detection of antibodies against recombinant leishmanial antigens (namely, the recombinant k26 [rk26] and rk39 antigens from leishmania infantum and the ra2 protein ... | 2007 | 17314229 |
| tamoxifen is effective against leishmania and induces a rapid alkalinization of parasitophorous vacuoles harbouring leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis amastigotes. | this study was performed to investigate the activity of tamoxifen, an antioestrogen widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, against leishmania. | 2007 | 17584801 |
| enhancement of a th1 immune response in amphotericin b-treated mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | in an attempt to investigate the effects of treatment of human leishmaniasis, the cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) under treatment with amphotericin b were determined during the active disease from cocultures of cells and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigens. pbmc of these patients exhibited a nonsignificant marginal increased production of tnf-alpha upon antigen stimulation. ... | 2007 | 17641726 |
| comparative genomics: from genotype to disease phenotype in the leishmaniases. | recent progress in sequencing the genomes of several leishmania species, causative agents of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, is revealing unusual features of potential relevance to parasite virulence and pathogenesis in the host. while the genomes of leishmania major, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum are highly similar in content and organisation, species-specific genes and mechanisms distinguish one from another. in particular, the presence of retrotransposon ... | 2007 | 17645880 |
| diagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis by enzyme immunoassay in patients from northern paraná state, brazil. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is an endemic disease caused by leishmania parasites. the acl diagnosis is commonly accomplished by parasitological and immunological methods. the objective of this work was to evaluate the enzyme immunoassay (eia) for acl laboratory diagnosis. igg antibodies against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes were researched. for the method standardization 240 sera were used: 72 from patients with positive parasitological diagnosis, 38 from normal indi ... | 2007 | 17684640 |
| use of elisa employing leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi antigens for the detection of igg and igg1 and igg2 subclasses in the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis in dogs. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) shows a reduced humoral response in dogs and levels of specific antibodies may therefore not be detected by indirect immunofluorescence. although the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is higher than that of indirect immunofluorescence, the best antigen for the diagnosis of atl in dogs has not been defined. the detection of igg subclasses represents an alternative to increase the efficiency of the serological diagnosis. in rio de jan ... | 2007 | 17689193 |
| the role of dogs as reservoirs of leishmania parasites, with emphasis on leishmania (leishmania) infantum and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | leishmania parasites cause a group of diseases collectively known as leishmaniases. the primary hosts of leishmania are sylvatic mammals of several orders (rodentia, marsupialia, carnivora, etc.). under certain circumstances, particularly in peridomestic and domestic transmission foci, synanthropic and domestic animals can act as source of infection for phlebotomine sand fly vectors. dogs have long been implicated as the main domestic reservoirs of leishmania (leishmania) infantum, the aetiologi ... | 2007 | 17703890 |
| identification of serine proteases from leishmania braziliensis. | leishmania (v) braziliensis is one of the most important ethiologic agents of the two distinct forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (cutaneous and mucosal). the drugs of choice used in leishmaniasis therapy are significantly toxic, expensive and are associated with frequent refractory infections. among the promising new targets for anti-protozoan chemotherapy are the proteases. in this study, serine proteases were partially purified from aqueous, detergent and extracellular extracts of le ... | 2007 | 17708443 |
| polymerase chain reaction with two molecular targets in mucosal leishmaniasis' diagnosis: a validation study. | we validated the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with a composite reference standard in 61 patients clinically suspected of having mucosal leishmaniasis, 36 of which were cases and 25 were non-cases according to this reference standard. patient classification and test application were carried out independently by two blind observers. one pair of primers was used to amplify a fragment of 120 bp in the conserved region of kdna and another pair was used to amplify the internal transcript spacers (i ... | 2007 | 17710297 |
| t-cell responses associated with resistance to leishmania infection in individuals from endemic areas for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | subclinical or asymptomatic infection is documented in individuals living in endemic areas for leishmaniasis suggesting that the development of an appropriate immune response can control parasite replication and maintain tissue integrity. a low morbidity indicates that intrinsic factors could favor resistance to leishmania infection. herein, leishmanial t-cell responses induced in subjects with low susceptibility to leishmaniasis as asymptomatic subjects were compared to those observed in cured ... | 2007 | 17710308 |
| isolation and molecular identification of leishmania (viannia) peruviana from naturally infected lutzomyia peruensis (diptera: psychodidae) in the peruvian andes. | leishmania (viannia) peruviana was isolated from 1/75 lutzomyia peruensis captured during may 2006 in an endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis region of the peruvian andes (chaute, huarochiri, lima, peru). sand fly gut with promastigotes was inoculated into a hamster and the remaining body was fixed in ethanol. l. (viannia) sp. was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and leishmania species through molecular genotyping by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses targeting the ge ... | 2007 | 17710315 |
| low efficacy of azithromycin to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in manaus, am, brazil. | an open trial to evaluate the azithromycin efficacy in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients was carried out in manaus (am), where leishmania (viannia) guyanensis is the main etiologic agent. forty-one patients with skin lesions of less than 12 weeks duration, without specific treatment for the last three months and a positive imprint to leishmania sp. were included. from these, 31 (75.6%) were male with median age of 30.2. all of them received a daily-single oral dose of 500 mg of azithromycin for t ... | 2007 | 17823753 |
| cytokines, signaling pathways, and effector molecules required for the control of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in mice. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania. the mechanisms of pathogen control have been established primarily in the mouse model of leishmania major infection, but they might not hold true for other leishmania species associated with cutaneous disease. here, we analyzed the role of cytokines, signaling components, and effector molecules in the control of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. braziliensis. unlike l. major, l. braziliensis caused small, ... | 2007 | 17517868 |
| trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of different antimicrobial peptides (amps) isolated from aquatic animals. | most of the available animal antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been tested against bacteria and fungi, but very few against protozoan parasites. in the present study, we investigated the antiparasitic activity of different amps isolated from aquatic animals: tachyplesin (tach, from tachypleus tridentatus), magainin (mag, from xenopus laevis), clavanin (clav, from styela clava), penaeidin (pen, from litopenaeus vannamei), mytilin (myt, from mytilus edulis) and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf ... | 2008 | 17888907 |
| putative markers of infective life stages in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | gene expression is known to vary significantly during the leishmania life-cycle. its monitoring might allow identification of molecular changes associated with the infective stages (metacyclics and amastigotes) and contribute to the understanding of the complex host-parasite relationships. so far, very few studies have been done on leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, one of the most pathogenic species. such studies require, first of all, reference molecular markers. in the present work, we applie ... | 2007 | 17897481 |
| immunogenicity of a killed leishmania vaccine with saponin adjuvant in dogs. | cellular and humoral immune responses of dogs to a candidate vaccine, composed of leishmania braziliensis promastigote protein plus saponin as adjuvant, have been investigated as a pre-requisite to understanding the mechanisms of immunogenicity against canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). the candidate vaccine elicited strong antigenicity related to the increases of anti-leishmania igg isotypes, together with higher levels of lymphocytes, particularly of circulating cd8(+) t-lymphocytes and leis ... | 2007 | 17913311 |
| gingival leishmaniasis in an hiv-negative patient. | gingival leishmaniasis is unusual and is mainly observed in immunocompromised patients. we report a case involving the palate, uvula, and gingiva of an hiv-negative patient who was initially diagnosed as having paracoccidioidomycosis. the patient underwent a biopsy for parasite isolation and in situ histopathology and immunohistochemistry. the leishmania spp. were detected in lesions of the uvula and gingiva. despite the poor state of teeth, the gingival lesions were caused by american tegumenta ... | 2007 | 17942335 |
| is the in situ inflammatory reaction an important tool to understand the cellular immune response in american tegumentary leishmaniasis? | the study of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) lesions might contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of the infection. | 2008 | 17944980 |
| epidemiological monitoring of american tegumentary leishmaniasis: molecular characterization of a peridomestic transmission cycle in the amazonian lowlands of bolivia. | human-made and environmental changes constitute a major risk factor for the (re-)emergence and spread of leishmaniasis; surveillance of the transmission cycle is essential in this context. this study integrated entomological and molecular parasitological techniques to document the transmission pattern of a peridomestic focus of leishmania in the isiboro secure area of bolivia. first the spatial distribution and relative density of phlebotomine sand flies, genus lutzomyia, were established. lutzo ... | 2007 | 17945322 |
| evaluation of an in vitro and in vivo model for experimental infection with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) peruviana. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) peruviana are two parasite species characterized by a very different pathogenicity in humans despite a high genetic similarity. we hypothesized previously that l. (v.) peruviana would descend from l. (v.) braziliensis and would have acquired its 'peruviana' character during the southward colonization and adaptation of the transmission cycle in the peruvian andes. in order to have a first appreciation of the differences in virulence between both speci ... | 2008 | 17961284 |