| molecular characterization of a novel hypovirus from the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | a novel mycovirus, termed fusarium graminearum hypovirus 2 (fghv2/js16), isolated from a plant pathogenic fungus, fusarium graminearum strain js16, was molecularly and biologically characterized. the genome of fghv2/js16 is 12,800 nucleotides (nts) long, excluding the poly (a) tail. this genome has only one large putative open reading frame, which encodes a polyprotein containing three normal functional domains, papain-like protease, rna-dependent rna polymerase, rna helicase, and a novel domain ... | 2015 | 25781585 |
| generation of a high resolution map of srnas from fusarium graminearum and analysis of responses to viral infection. | previously, we characterized f. graminearum hypovirus 1 (fghv1) and f. graminearum hypovirus 2 (fghv2), which are the only two hypoviruses in f. graminearum that are closely related to cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (chv1) and cryphonectria hypovirus 2 (chv2) in the hypoviridae family. in this study, we preliminarily elucidated the rna silencing mechanism of the f. graminearum/hypovirus system from a small rna (srna) perspective by using hiseq deep sequencing. the length distributions of f. graminear ... | 2016 | 27189438 |
| suppressive effects of mycoviral proteins encoded by magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain a on conidial germination of the rice blast fungus. | magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain a (mocv1-a) is the causal agent of growth repression and attenuated virulence (hypovirulence) of the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe oryzae. we previously revealed that heterologous expression of the mocv1-a orf4 protein resulted in cytological damage to the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans. since the orf4 protein is one of the components of viral particles, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of the purified virus particle agains ... | 2016 | 27329666 |
| antifungal amphiphilic aminoglycoside k20: bioactivities and mechanism of action. | k20 is a novel amphiphilic antifungal aminoglycoside that is synthetically derived from the antibiotic kanamycin a. reported here are investigations of k20's antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity, and fungicidal mechanism of action. in vitro growth inhibitory activities against a variety of human and plant pathogenic yeasts, filamentous fungi, and bacteria were determined using microbroth dilution assays and time-kill curve analyses, and hemolytic and animal cell cytotoxic activities were deter ... | 2014 | 25538692 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole derivatives as fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi. | eighteen hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated their in vitro antifungal activities against five phytopathogenic fungal strains through the mycelium growth rate method. analysis of the structure-activity relationship on these synthesized compounds revealed that the introduction of benzyl or substituted benzyl group at the c-3a or n-8 position of the pyrroloindoline scaffold conferred higher antifungal activity against all tested phytopathogenic fungi than compo ... | 2015 | 26119112 |
| natural products as sources of new fungicides (ii): antiphytopathogenic activity of 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanone derivatives. | a series of 17 simple 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanones were synthesised, and their structures characterised by (1)h, (13)c nmr and esi-ms. their in vitro antifungal activities were evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi including glomerella cingulate, botrytis cirerea, fusarium graminearum, curvularia lunata and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum by the mycelial growth inhibition assay. compounds 2g and 2h exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of the ... | 2016 | 25978007 |
| a new sesquiterpene from the entomogenous fungus phomopsis amygdali. | a new sesquiterpene, (+)-s-1-methyl-abscisic-6-acid (1), together with five known compounds, (+)-s-abscisic acid (2), fusicoccin j (3), 3α-hydroxyfusicoccin j (4), (r)-5-hydroxymethylmellein (5) and 4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6) was isolated from the fermentation extract of phomopsis amygdali, an entomogenous fungus isolated from call midge. their structures were determined mainly by analysis of ms and nmr spectroscopic data. compounds 1-6 were tested for antimicrobial activity against three pl ... | 2016 | 26181224 |
| production and characterization of a novel antifungal chitinase identified by functional screening of a suppressive-soil metagenome. | through functional screening of a fosmid library, generated from a phytopathogen-suppressive soil metagenome, the novel antifungal chitinase-named chi18h8 and belonging to family 18 glycosyl hydrolases-was previously discovered. the initial extremely low yield of chi18h8 recombinant production and purification from escherichia coli cells (21 μg/g cell) limited its characterization, thus preventing further investigation on its biotechnological potential. | 2017 | 28137256 |
| mechanism of action of the benzimidazole fungicide on fusarium graminearum: interfering with polymerization of monomeric tubulin but not polymerized microtubule. | tubulins are the proposed target of clinically relevant anticancer drugs, anthelmintic, and fungicide. β2-tubulin of the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum was considered as the target of benzimidazole compounds by homology modeling in our previous work. in this study, α1-, α2-, and β2-tubulin of f. graminearum were produced in escherichia coli. three benzimidazole compounds (carbendazim, benomyl, and thiabendazole) interacted with the recombinant β2-tubulin and reduced the maximum fluorescence ... | 2016 | 26976730 |
| engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for growth and succinate production from levoglucosan, a pyrolytic sugar substrate. | thermochemical processing provides continuous production of bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass. levoglucosan, a pyrolytic sugar substrate c6h10o5 in a bio-oil, has been used for ethanol production using engineered escherichia coli. here we provide the first example for succinate production from levoglucosan with corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known industrial amino acid producer. heterologous expression of a gene encoding a sugar kinase from lipomyces starkeyi, gibberella zeae or pseudomo ... | 2015 | 26363018 |
| repurposing a bacterial quality control mechanism to enhance enzyme production in living cells. | heterologous expression of many proteins in bacteria, yeasts, and plants is often limited by low titers of functional protein. to address this problem, we have created a two-tiered directed evolution strategy in escherichia coli that enables optimization of protein production while maintaining high biological activity. the first tier involves a genetic selection for intracellular protein stability that is based on the folding quality control mechanism inherent to the twin-arginine translocation ... | 2015 | 25591491 |
| the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiamin diphosphate analog inhibitors against the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex e1 from escherichia coli. | pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex e1 (pdhc e1) is a potential target enzyme when looking for inhibitors to combat microbial disease. in this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel thiamin diphosphate (thdp) analogs with triazole ring and oxime ether moieties as potential inhibitors of pdhc e1. their inhibitory activities against pdhc e1 were examined both in vitro and in vivo. most of the tested compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against pdhc e1 (ic50 = 6.1 ... | 2014 | 25268578 |
| characterization of the four gh12 endoxylanases from the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum. | four putative gh12 genes were found in the fusarium graminearum genome. the corresponding proteins were expressed in escherichia coli, purified, and evaluated. fgsg_05851 and fgsg_11037 displayed high activities towards xyloglucan (v(max) of 4 and 11 micronmol/min, respectively), whereas fgsg_07892 and fgsg_16349 were much less active with this substrate (0.081 and 0.004 micronmol/min, respectively). however, all four of these enzymes had a similar binding affinity for xyloglucan. xyloglucan was ... | 2012 | 22713989 |
| characterization of magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 structural proteins and their expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 (mocv1), which is associated with an impaired growth phenotype of its host fungus, harbors four major proteins: p130 (130 kda), p70 (70 kda), p65 (65 kda), and p58 (58 kda). n-terminal sequence analysis of each protein revealed that p130 was encoded by double-stranded rna1 (dsrna1) (open reading frame 1 [orf1] 1,127 amino acids [aa]), p70 by dsrna4 (orf4; 812 aa), and p58 by dsrna3 (orf3; 799 aa), although the molecular masses of p58 and p70 were significantly sm ... | 2012 | 22623797 |
| enhanced production of recombinant galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum in e. coli. | the gene gaoa encoding the copper-dependent enzyme galactose oxidase (gao) from fusarium graminearum ph-1 was cloned and successfully overexpressed in e. coli. culture conditions for cultivations in shaken flasks were optimized, and optimal conditions were found to be double-strength lb medium, 0.5% lactose as inducer, and induction at the reduced temperature of 25°c. when using these cultivation conditions ~24 mg of active gao could be produced in shaken flasks per litre medium. addition of cop ... | 2011 | 25187134 |
| engineering escherichia coli for succinate production from hemicellulose via consolidated bioprocessing. | the recalcitrant nature of hemicellulosic materials and the high cost in depolymerization are the primary obstacles preventing the use of xylan as feedstock for fuel and chemical production. consolidated bioprocessing, incorporating enzyme-generating, biomass-degrading and bioproduct-producing capabilities into a single microorganism, could potentially avoid the cost of the dedicated enzyme generation in the process of xylan utilization. in this study, we engineered escherichia coli strains capa ... | 2012 | 22455836 |
| the effects of different yeast extracts on secondary metabolite production in fusarium. | yeast extract is an important constituent in several media used for metabolite profiling of filamentous fungi. the nutrient composition can vary between brands and thereby influence production of secondary metabolites, which can be regulated in response to nitrogen, carbon and ph. in the present study we examined the production of known secondary metabolites in fusarium pseudograminearum, fusarium graminearum, fusarium avenaceum and fusarium fujikuroi and in each species we identified several se ... | 2014 | 24291181 |
| deoxynivalenol and other selected fusarium toxins in swedish wheat--occurrence and correlation to specific fusarium species. | wheat is often infected by fusarium species producing mycotoxins, which may pose health risks to humans and animals. deoxynivalenol (don) is the most important fusarium toxin in swedish wheat and has previously been shown to be produced mainly by fusarium graminearum. however, less is known about the co-occurrence of don and f. graminearum with other toxins and fusarium species in sweden. this study examined the distribution of the most important toxigenic fusarium species and their toxins in wi ... | 2013 | 23962919 |
| deoxynivalenol and other selected fusarium toxins in swedish oats--occurrence and correlation to specific fusarium species. | fusarium moulds frequently contaminate oats and other cereals world-wide, including those grown in northern europe. to investigate the presence of toxigenic fusarium species and their toxins in oats, samples were taken during 2010 and 2011 in three geographical regions of sweden (east, west, south). the samples were analysed by real-time pcr for the specific infection level of seven fusarium species associated with oats and other cereals (fusarium poae, fusarium graminearum, fusarium langsethiae ... | 2013 | 23962918 |
| interactions of fusarium species during prepenetration development. | interspecies interactions between fusarium avenaceum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium graminearum, fusarium poae, and fusarium tricinctum were studied during early growth stages of isolates on model surfaces. additionally, germination and germ tube growth of the pathogens were studied on attached and detached wheat leaves at 10 °c and 22 °c. two-species interactions between fusarium isolates during germination and germ tube growth were assessed after 8 hours of incubation. all species except f. tric ... | 2012 | 22749170 |
| phytochemicals to suppress fusarium head blight in wheat-chickpea rotation. | fusarium diseases cause major economic losses in wheat-based crop rotations. volatile organic compounds (voc) in wheat and rotation crops, such as chickpea, may negatively impact pathogenic fusarium. using the headspace gc-ms method, 16 voc were found in greenhouse-grown wheat leaves: dimethylamine, 2-methyl-1-propanol, octanoic acid-ethyl ester, acetic acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, nonanoic acid-ethyl ester, nonanol, n-ethyl-benzenamine, naphthalene, butylated hydroxytoluene, dimethoxy methane, phen ... | 2012 | 22520499 |
| effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinol extracts from durum wheat whole grain on the growth of fusarium head blight (fhb) causal agents. | in an approach toward the identification of ecofriendly compounds for fusarium head blight biocontrol, the in vitro antifungal activity of 5-n-alkylresorcinol (ar) extracts, obtained from durum wheat intact kernels, was tested. in comparison with ethyl acetate and acetone extracts containing ar, total inhibition of fusarium graminearum spore germination was observed with cyclohexane extract, which also exhibited a significant fungistatic activity against f. graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusari ... | 2015 | 25496267 |
| real-time imaging of the growth-inhibitory effect of js399-19 on fusarium. | real-time imaging was used to study the effects of a novel fusarium-specific cyanoacrylate fungicide (js399-19) on growth and morphology of four fusarium sp. this fungicide targets the motor domain of type i myosin. fusarium graminearum ph-1, fusarium solani f. sp. pisi 77-13-4, fusarium avenaceum ibt8464, and fusarium avenaceum 05001, which has a k216q amino-acid substitution at the resistance-implicated site in its myosin type i motor domain, were analyzed. real-time imaging shows that js399-1 ... | 2016 | 27914536 |
| early activation of mapk p44/42 is partially involved in don-induced disruption of the intestinal barrier function and tight junction network. | deoxynivalenol (don), produced by the plant pathogens fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, is one of the most common mycotoxins, contaminating cereal and cereal-derived products. although worldwide contamination of food and feed poses health threats to humans and animals, pigs are particularly susceptible to this mycotoxin. don derivatives, such as deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (dom-1), are produced by bacterial transformation of certain intestinal bacteria, which are naturally occurring or appl ... | 2016 | 27618100 |
| characterization of nivalenol-producing fusarium culmorum isolates obtained from the air at a rice paddy field in korea. | together with the fusarium graminearum species complex, f. culmorum is a major member of the causal agents of fusarium head blight on cereals such as wheat, barley and corn. it causes significant yield and quality losses and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins that are harmful to humans and animals. in korea, f. culmorum is listed as a quarantine fungal species since it has yet to be found in the country. in this paper, we report that two isolates (j1 and j2) of f. culmorum wer ... | 2016 | 27298593 |
| the luxembourg database of trichothecene type b f. graminearum and f. culmorum producers. | data specific to 486 strains belonging to fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum were manually collected from luxembourg field monitoring campaigns between the year 2007 ad 2013. it is of interest to store such data in a web-enabled advanced database to help in epidemiological studies. hence, we describe the design and development of a fusarium database added to the luxembourg microbial culture collection (luxmcc™) web interface at the luxembourg institute of science and technology (list). t ... | 2016 | 27212835 |
| fungal biotransformation of chlorogenic and caffeic acids by fusarium graminearum: new insights in the contribution of phenolic acids to resistance to deoxynivalenol accumulation in cereals. | fusarium head blight and gibberella ear rot, mainly caused by the fungi fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, are two of the most devastating diseases of small-grain cereals and maize. in addition to yield loss, these diseases frequently result in contamination of kernels with toxic type b trichothecenes. the potential involvement of chlorogenic acid in cereal resistance to fusarium head blight and gibberella ear rot and to trichothecene accumulation was the focus of this study. the effect ... | 2016 | 26812586 |
| early events induced by the toxin deoxynivalenol lead to programmed cell death in nicotiana tabacum cells. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a mycotoxin affecting animals and plants. this toxin synthesized by fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum is currently believed to play a decisive role in the fungal phytopathogenesis as a virulence factor. using cultured cells of nicotiana tabacum by2, we showed that don-induced programmed cell death (pcd) could require transcription and translation processes, in contrast to what was observed in animal cells. don could induce different cross-linked pathways involvin ... | 2015 | 26259183 |
| geneticin (g418) resistance and electroporation-mediated transformation of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. | fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum are phytopathogenic species causing scab and root rot diseases in all small grain cereals worldwide including turkey. in this study, resistance levels to geneticin (g418) of 14 f. graminearum and 24 f. culmorum isolates collected from cereals were determined. fungal cultures were grown on potato dextrose agar medium supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml of g418. minimum inhibitory concentration was determined as 25 µg/ml. as a result, it was concluded ... | 2015 | 26019640 |
| mutual exclusion between fungal species of the fusarium head blight complex in a wheat spike. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. fhb is caused by a species complex that includes two genera of ascomycetes: microdochium and fusarium. fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium poae, and microdochium nivale are among the most common fhb species in europe and were chosen for these experiments. field studies and surveys show that two or more species often coexist within the same field or grain sample. in this study, we investigated the competitiven ... | 2015 | 25934622 |
| distribution of disease symptoms and mycotoxins in maize ears infected by fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. | red ear rot an important disease of maize cultivated in europe is caused by toxigenic fusarium species like fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum. to get detailed information on the time course of the infection process leading to the accumulation of fusarium mycotoxins in maize ears, a field study was conducted over 2 years with two maize varieties, which were inoculated with f. culmorum or f. graminearum isolates at the stage of female flowering. every fortnight after inoculation, infectio ... | 2015 | 25904523 |
| genetic approaches to chemotype determination in type b-trichothecene producing fusaria. | this review summarises the genetic methods used for chemotype determination of the main fusarium type b-trichothecene producing species. literature on fusarium chemotype epidemiology over the last 15 years is reviewed in order to describe temporal and spatial chemotype distribution of these fungi worldwide. genetic approaches used for chemotype determination are also reviewed and discussed, highlighting successes and potential pitfalls of the technique. results from both genetic and chemical app ... | 2014 | 25150674 |
| essential oil composition, phytotoxic and antifungal activities of ruta chalepensis l. leaves from high atlas mountains (morocco). | this study aimed at the determination of chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, and to evaluate their phytotoxic and antifungal activities. leaves of ruta chalepensis l. were collected from the region of tensift al haouz (high atlas mountains) marrakech, morocco. the essential oil (oil yield is 0.56%) was analysed by gc-fid and gc/ms. twenty-two compounds were identified and accounted for 92.4% of the total oil composition. the major components were undecan-2-one (4 ... | 2014 | 25109925 |
| evidence for a reversible drought induced shift in the species composition of mycotoxin producing fusarium head blight pathogens isolated from symptomatic wheat heads. | fusarium species are fungal plant pathogens producing toxic secondary metabolites such as deoxynivalenol (don), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15acdon) and nivalenol (niv). in luxembourg, the fusarium species composition isolated from symptomatic winter wheat heads was dominated by fusarium graminearum sensu stricto strains (genetic 15acdon chemotype) between the years 2009 and 2012, except for 2011, when fusarium culmorum strains (genetic niv chemotype) dominated the pathogen complex. previous repor ... | 2014 | 24859190 |
| significance of the class ii hydrophobin fghyd5p for the life cycle of fusarium graminearum. | hydrophobins are small secreted proteins ubiquitously found in filamentous fungi. some hydrophobins were shown to have functions in fungal development, while others lack known function. class ii hydrophobins from fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum are characterized by formation of low stability aggregates and their solubility in organic solvents. they are economically relevant to the brewing industry because they can induce beer gushing. since cellular functions of hyd5p's are still unkn ... | 2014 | 24742833 |
| effects of bread making and wheat germ addition on the natural deoxynivalenol content in bread. | deoxynivalenol (don, vomitoxin) is a type-b trichothecene mycotoxin produced by several field fungi such as fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum and known to have various toxic effects. this study investigated the effect of the bread making process on the stability of don in common bread and wheat germ-enriched bread using naturally contaminated ingredients at the level of 560 µg/kg. the concentration of don and its evolution during bread making were determined by immunoaffinity column cle ... | 2014 | 24451845 |
| whole genome association mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a total of 358 recent european winter wheat varieties plus 14 spring wheat varieties were evaluated for resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum in four separate environments. the fhb scores based on fhb incidence (type i resistance)×fhb severity (type ii resistance) indicated a wide phenotypic variation of the varieties with blue (best linear unbiased estimation) values ranging from 0.07 to 33.67. genotyping with 732 microsatellite markers re ... | 2013 | 23451238 |
| genetic diversity and mating types of fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum originating from different agro-ecological regions in turkey. | fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum are the major pathogens for dryland root/foot-rot and head-blight diseases in economically important grain crops. this study was aimed at the molecular characterization of fusarium spp. isolates, which have been collected from cereal fields in three agro-ecological regions in turkey. genetic diversity has been analyzed by generating rflp markers from the intergenic spacer (igs) region of ribosomal rna. the selection of restriction enzymes for igs-rflp studies ... | 2013 | 22961691 |
| transposition of the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1 in the wheat pathogen fusarium culmorum. | high-throughput methods are needed for functional genomics analysis in fusarium culmorum, the cause of crown and foot rot on wheat and a type b trichothecene producer. our aim was to develop and test the efficacy of a double-component system based on the ability of the impala transposase to transactivate the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1 of fusarium oxysporum. we report, for the first time, the application of a tagging system based on a heterologous transposon and of splin ... | 2012 | 22897438 |
| tri12 based quantitative real-time pcr assays reveal the distribution of trichothecene genotypes of f. graminearum and f. culmorum isolates in danish small grain cereals. | quantitative real-time pcr assays, based on polymorphisms in the tri12 gene of the trichothecene pathway, were developed to identify and quantify the trichothecene genotypes producing 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3adon), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15adon) or nivalenol (niv) in the fusarium graminearum species complex, fusarium culmorum, fusarium cerealis and fusarium pseudograminearum. these assays were applied on a total of 378 field samples of cereal grain of wheat, barley, triticale, rye and oats ... | 2012 | 22781579 |
| fitness of three fusarium pathogens of wheat. | crown rot and head blight of wheat are caused by the same fusarium species. to better understand their biology, this study has compared 30 isolates of the three dominant species using 13 pathogenic and saprophytic fitness measures including aggressiveness for the two diseases, saprophytic growth and fecundity and deoxynivalenol (don) production from saprophytic colonization of grain and straw. pathogenic fitness was generally linked to don production in infected tissue. the superior crown rot fi ... | 2012 | 22500915 |
| inoculum potential of fusarium spp. relates to tillage and straw management in norwegian fields of spring oats. | the increased occurrence of fusarium-mycotoxins in norwegian cereals over the last decade, is thought to be caused by increased inoculum resulting from more cereal residues at the soil surface as a result of reduced tillage practices. in addition, weather conditions have increasingly promoted inoculum development and infection by fusarium species. the objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of different tillage regimes (autumn plowing; autumn harrowing; spring plowing; spring harro ... | 2016 | 27148236 |
| fcrav2, a gene with rogdi domain involved in fusarium head blight and crown rot on durum wheat caused by fusarium culmorum. | fusarium culmorum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen able to cause foot and root rot and fusarium head blight on small grain cereals, particularly on wheat and barley. it causes significant yield and quality loss and results in the contamination of kernels with type b trichothecene mycotoxins. knowledge on pathogenicity factors of this fungus is still limited. a transposon tagging approach based on the mimp1/impala double component system has allowed us to select a mutant altered in multiple metabo ... | 2017 | 28322011 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium spp pathogenic to pecan tree in brazil. | the occurrence of fusarium spp associated with pecan tree (carya illinoinensis) diseases in brazil has been observed in recent laboratory analyses in rio grande do sul state. thus, in this study, we i) obtained fusarium isolates from plants with disease symptoms; ii) tested the pathogenicity of these fusarium isolates to pecan; iii) characterized and grouped fusarium isolates that were pathogenic to the pecan tree based on morphological characteristics; iv) identified fusarium spp to the species ... | 2014 | 25501150 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of novel myrtenal-based 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-thioethers. | a series of novel myrtenal derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazole moiety were designed and synthesized by multi-step reactions in an attempt to develop potent antifungal agents. their structures were confirmed by using uv-vis, ftir, nmr, and esi-ms analysis. antifungal activity of the target compounds was preliminarily evaluated by the in vitro method against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, physalospora piricola, alternaria solani, cercospora arachidicola, and gibberella zeae at 50 µg/ml. com ... | 2017 | 28125042 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of novel polyheterocyclic spirooxindole derivatives. | a series of spirooxindole tetrahydrofuran derivatives 3 were obtained in moderate to good yields via oxindole derivatives 1 and β-arylacrylonitrile derivatives 2via base-mediated cascade [3 + 2] double michael reactions under mild conditions and the application of this method in the synthesis of bioactive analogues, such as functionalized spirooxindole octahydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives 4 which contain two new heterocyclic rings and two quaternary carbon centers, has also been developed. s ... | 2015 | 25820179 |
| rapid identification of fusarium graminearum species complex using rolling circle amplification (rca). | rolling circle amplification (rca) of dna is a sensitive and cost effective method for the rapid identification of pathogenic fungi without the need for sequencing. amplification products can be visualized on 1% agarose gel to verify the specificity of probe-template binding or directly by adding fluorescent dyes. fusarium head blight (fhb) is currently the world's largest threat to the production of cereal crops with the production of a range of mycotoxins as an additional risk. we designed set ... | 2012 | 22326479 |
| genome-wide analysis in three fusarium pathogens identifies rapidly evolving chromosomes and genes associated with pathogenicity. | pathogens and hosts are in an ongoing arms race and genes involved in host-pathogen interactions are likely to undergo diversifying selection. fusarium plant pathogens have evolved diverse infection strategies, but how they interact with their hosts in the biotrophic infection stage remains puzzling. to address this, we analyzed the genomes of three fusarium plant pathogens for genes that are under diversifying selection. we found a two-speed genome structure both on the chromosome and gene grou ... | 2015 | 25994930 |
| a tomatinase-like enzyme acts as a virulence factor in the wheat pathogen fusarium graminearum. | during their interactions with plants, fungal pathogens employ large numbers of pathogenesis-associated molecules including secreted effectors and enzymes that can degrade various defence compounds. however, in many cases, in planta targets of pathogen-produced enzymes remain unknown. we identified a gene in the wheat pathogen fusarium graminearum, encoding a putative enzyme that shows 84% sequence identity to fotom1, a tomatinase produced by the tomato pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycoper ... | 2017 | 28109774 |
| antifungal activity of a synthetic cationic peptide against the plant pathogens colletotrichum graminicola and three fusarium species. | a small cationic peptide (jh8944) was tested for activity against a number of pathogens of agricultural crops. jh8944 inhibited conidium growth in most of the tested plant pathogens with a dose of 50 μg/ml, although one isolate of fusarium oxysporum was inhibited at 5 μg/ml of jh8944. most conidia of fusarium graminearum were killed within 6 hours of treatment with 50 μg/ml of jh8944. germinating f. graminearum conidia required 238 μg/ml of jh8944 for 90% growth inhibition. the peptide did not c ... | 2015 | 26361481 |
| focvel1 influences asexual production, filamentous growth, biofilm formation, and virulence in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. | velvet genes play critical roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. in current study, we identified the gene focvel1, a homolog of fusarium graminearum vela, in the plant pathogenic fungus f. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. this pathogen causes the destructive disease called cucumber fusarium wilt (cfw), which severely affects the production and marketing of this vegetable worldwide. transcript analyses revealed high expression of focvel1 during conidiophore development. disruption o ... | 2015 | 25999976 |
| synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel arylimines containing a 3-aminoethyl-2-[(p-trifluoromethoxy)anilino]-4(3h)-quinazolinone moiety. | twenty-seven novel (e)-3-[2-arylideneaminoethyl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)anilino]-4(3h)-quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized by reacting various aromatic aldehydes with intermediate 6. the target compounds were characterized by (1)h nmr, (3)c nmr, ir, and elemental analysis. bioassay results revealed that some of the compounds have strong antifungal activities against six fungi ( gibberella zeae , fusarium oxysporum , clematis mandshurica , paralepetopsis sasakii , phytophthora infestans , ... | 2013 | 24028303 |
| toxicity of abiotic stressors to fusarium species: differences in hydrogen peroxide and fungicide tolerance. | stress sensitivity of three related phytopathogenic fusarium species (fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum and fusarium verticillioides) to different oxidative, osmotic, cell wall, membrane, fungicide stressors and an antifungal protein (paf) were studied in vitro. the most prominent and significant differences were found in oxidative stress tolerance: all the three f. graminearum strains showed much higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and, to a lesser extent, to menadione than the other ... | 2014 | 24939687 |
| α-fucosidases with different substrate specificities from two species of fusarium. | two fungal-secreted α-fucosidases and their genes were characterized. fofco1 was purified from culture filtrates of fusarium oxysporum strain 0685 grown on l-fucose and its encoding gene identified in the sequenced genome of strain 4287. fofco1 was active on p-nitrophenyl-α-fucoside (pnp-fuc), but did not defucosylate a nonasaccharide (xxfg) fragment of pea xyloglucan. a putative α-fucosidase gene (fgfco1) from fusarium graminearum was expressed in pichia pastoris. fgfco1 was ~1,800 times less a ... | 2013 | 23011349 |
| antifungal activity of phenyl derivative of pyranocoumarin from psoralea corylifolia l. seeds by inhibition of acetylation activity of trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase (tri101). | antifungal activity of petroleum ether extract of psoralea corylifolia l. seed, tested against fusarium sp. namely, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium moniliforme, and fusarium graminearum, was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. the chromatographic fractionation of the extract yielded a new phenyl derivative of pyranocoumarin (pdp). the structure of the pdp was confirmed using spectroscopic characterization (gc-ms, ir, and nmr), and a molecular mass of m/z 414 [m-2h](+) with molecular formula c(2 ... | 2012 | 22778547 |
| expression of the cameleon calcium biosensor in fungi reveals distinct ca(2+) signatures associated with polarized growth, development, and pathogenesis. | calcium is a universal messenger that translates diverse environmental stimuli and developmental cues into specific cellular and developmental responses. while individual fungal species have evolved complex and often unique biochemical and structural mechanisms to exploit specific ecological niches and to adjust growth and development in response to external stimuli, one universal feature to all is that ca(2+)-mediated signaling is involved. the lack of a robust method for imaging spatial and te ... | 2012 | 22683653 |
| synthesis and bioactivity of pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives. | sixteen novel pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives 6 were synthesized from monomethylhydrazine (phenylhydrazine) and ethyl acetoacetate. the key 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-substituted-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride intermediates 4 were first generated in four steps through cyclization, formylation, oxidation and acylation. thess were then reacted with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of peg-400 to afford 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-substituted-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonyl isothiocyanates 5. subsequent reaction wi ... | 2012 | 22555301 |
| synthesis and bioactivities of novel thioether/sulfone derivatives containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole moiety. | a series of new thioether/sulfone compounds containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole/1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety were synthesized, the structures of all products were confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, and element analysis. preliminary antifungal activity test showed that compound 8a exhibited moderate antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum at 50μg/ml. preliminary antiviral activity results showed that compounds 7a, 7c, 7d, 8a, and 9a displayed high antiviral activity against to ... | 2013 | 24070781 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives. | a series of n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized. all target compounds were characterized by spectral data (¹h-nmr, ¹³c-nmr, ir, ms) and elemental analysis and were bioassayed in vitro against three kinds of phytopathogenic fungi (gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, cytospora mandshurica). the results showed that some of the synthesized n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamides e ... | 2012 | 23201640 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of novel nicotinamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole. | pant diseases in agriculture are extremely difficult to control, which bring about for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year; nicotinamide derivatives has attracted more and more attention in the field of pesticide due to their broad bioactivities. in an effort to discover new molecules with good antifungal activity, a series of nicotinamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and bio-assayed. | 2013 | 23561596 |
| glass bead cultivation of fungi: combining the best of liquid and agar media. | production of bioactive compounds and enzymes from filamentous fungi is highly dependent on cultivation conditions. here we present an easy way to cultivate filamentous fungi on glass beads that allow complete control of nutrient supply. secondary metabolite production in fusarium graminearum and fusarium solani cultivated on agar plates, in shaking liquid culture or on glass beads was compared. agar plate culture and glass bead cultivation yielded comparable results while liquid culture had low ... | 2013 | 23871859 |
| infection of corn ears by fusarium spp. induces the emission of volatile sesquiterpenes. | infection of corn (zea mays l.) ears with fungal pathogens of the fusarium genus might result in yield losses and in the accumulation of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to investigate whether volatile profiles could be used to identify fusarium-infected corn ears. the volatiles released by corn ears infected by fusarium graminearum, fusarium verticillioides, and fusarium subglutinans were studied. volatile emission was recorded at 24 days postinoculation (dpi) and in a time series (from 4 ... | 2014 | 24816267 |
| histopathological assessment of the infection of maize leaves by fusarium graminearum, f. proliferatum, and f. verticillioides. | young maize plants were inoculated on unfolded mature leaves and on folded immature leaves with fusarium graminearum, fusarium proliferatum, and fusarium verticillioides suspensions. infection and symptom development of disease on these asymptomatic mature leaves and immature leaves were then documented. subcuticular infection was found by the three fusarium species on both symptomatic and symptomless leaves. the three fusarium species penetrated the stomata of immature leaves by the formation o ... | 2016 | 27567716 |
| fungi and the natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in malting barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the industrial use of barley grain has experienced continuous growth, mainly due to its economic importance for malt production. from a technological perspective, fungal persistence can reduce product marketability and cause economic losses. in this sense, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence and identification of mycoflora and the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don) and fumonisins (fbs) in malting barley. the samples presented a low count of fungal colonies, with values ran ... | 2015 | 25977017 |
| degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins is important for virulence of fusarium pseudograminearum towards wheat. | wheat, maize, rye and certain other agriculturally important species in the poaceae family produce the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins on pest and pathogen attack. benzoxazolinones can inhibit the growth of pathogens. however, certain fungi can actively detoxify these compounds. despite this, a clear link between the ability to detoxify benzoxazolinones and pathogen virulence has not been shown. here, through comparative genome analysis of several fusarium species, we have identified a con ... | 2015 | 25727347 |
| the mads-box transcription factor fgmcm1 regulates cell identity and fungal development in fusarium graminearum. | in eukaryotic cells, mads-box genes are known to play major regulatory roles in various biological processes by combinatorial interactions with other transcription factors. in this study, we functionally characterized the fgmcm1 mads-box gene in fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of wheat and barley head blight. deletion of fgmcm1 resulted in the loss of perithecium production and phialide formation. the fgmcm1 mutant was significantly reduced in virulence, deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and co ... | 2015 | 25627073 |
| screening survey of co-production of fusaric acid, fusarin c, and fumonisins b₁, b₂ and b₃ by fusarium strains grown in maize grains. | fusarium species isolated from belgian maize were screened for their ability to produce fusarin c, fusaric acid, fumonisins b1 (fb1), fb2 and fb3 in maize grains. first, cultivation of fusarium species in myro liquid medium allowed overcoming the shortage of the standard of fusarin c on the market. all fusarium verticillioides produced much higher contents of mycotoxins in myro compared to fusarium graminearum or fusarium venenatum. the optimization of the lc-ms/ms method resulted in low limits ... | 2014 | 25270005 |
| antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites in anacardiaceae species from northwest argentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of fusarium species. | the purpose of this research was to identify antifungal compounds from leaves of schinus and schinopsis species useful for the control of toxigenic fusarium species responsible of ear rot diseases. | 2014 | 24428333 |
| fusarium species and fumonisins associated with maize kernels produced in rio grande do sul state for the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. | ear rots caused by fusarium spp. are among the main fungal diseases that contribute to poor quality and the contamination of maize grains with mycotoxins. this study aimed to determine the visual incidence of fungal-damaged kernels (fdks), the incidence of two main gibberella (a teleomorph of fusarium) complexes (g. fujikuroi and g. zeae) associated with maize using a seed health blotter test, and the fumonisin levels, using high performance liquid chromatography, in samples of maize grains grow ... | 2013 | 24159288 |
| maize leaf trichomes represent an entry point of infection for fusarium species. | fifteen day old maize seedlings were inoculated with fusarium graminearum, fusarium proliferatum, and fusarium verticillioides. more than 90 % f. proliferatum and f. verticillioides conidia and 50 % of f. graminearum formed one germ tube whereas the other 50 % of f. graminearum conidia formed two to three germ tubes. the germ tubes of f. graminearum conidia were longer than those of f. proliferatum and f. verticillioides. the three species of fusarium infected bi-cellular trichomes by adhering a ... | 2016 | 27521623 |
| antioxidant secondary metabolites in cereals: potential involvement in resistance to fusarium and mycotoxin accumulation. | gibberella and fusarium ear rot and fusarium head blight are major diseases affecting european cereals. these diseases are mainly caused by fungi of the fusarium genus, primarily fusarium graminearum and fusarium verticillioides. these fusarium species pose a serious threat to food safety because of their ability to produce a wide range of mycotoxins, including type b trichothecenes and fumonisins. many factors such as environmental, agronomic or genetic ones may contribute to high levels of acc ... | 2016 | 27148243 |
| the fdb3 transcription factor of the fusarium detoxification of benzoxazolinone gene cluster is required for mboa but not boa degradation in fusarium pseudograminearum. | a number of cereals produce the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins. fusarium species pathogenic towards these hosts can typically degrade these compounds via an aminophenol intermediate, and the ability to do so is encoded by a group of genes found in the fusarium detoxification of benzoxazolinone (fdb) cluster. a zinc finger transcription factor encoded by one of the fdb cluster genes (fdb3) has been proposed to regulate the expression of other genes in the cluster and hence is potentially i ... | 2016 | 26828593 |
| use of molecular markers for monitoring fungi involved in stalk rot of corn. | separate genes conferring antibiotic drag resistance have been inserted into fusarium graminearum and fusarium moniliforme. these organisms are associated with stalk rot of corn, a disease of uncertain cause. antibiotic resistant fungi were obtained by developing a gene transfer system using whole cells as recipients for dna. hygromycin b and benomyl-resistant colonies were isolated by treating fungal tissue with lithium acetate and adding plasmid vectors containing the respective genes which gi ... | 1989 | 24232721 |
| transcriptome analyses during fruiting body formation in fusarium graminearum and fusarium verticillioides reflect species life history and ecology. | fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides are devastating cereal pathogens with very different life history and ecological characteristics. f. graminearum is homothallic, and sexual spores are an important component of its life cycle, responsible for disease initiation. f. verticilloides is heterothallic, and produces only modest numbers of fruiting bodies, which are not a significant source of inoculum. to identify corresponding differences in the transcriptional program underlying fruiting b ... | 2012 | 22705880 |
| impact of cycling temperatures on fusarium verticillioides and fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxins production in soybean. | fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides are two very important mycotoxigenic species as they cause diverse diseases in crops. the effects of constant and cycling temperatures on growth and mycotoxin production of these species were studied on soybean based medium and on irradiated soya beans. | 2012 | 22555960 |
| identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) conferring resistance to fusarium graminearum from soybean pi 567301b. | a major novel qtl was identified in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross of 'wyandot' × pi 567301b for fusarium graminearum, a seed and seedling pathogen of soybean. fusarium graminearum is now recognized as a primary pathogen of soybean, causing root, seed rot and seedling damping-off in north america. in a preliminary screen, 'wyandot' and pi 567301b were identified with medium and high levels of partial resistance to f. graminearum, respectively. the objective of this stu ... | 2015 | 25690715 |
| evidence of an unidentified extracellular heat-stable factor produced by lysobacter enzymogenes (oh11) that degrade fusarium graminearum ph1 hyphae. | lysobacter enzymogenes oh11 produces heat-stable antifungal factor (hsaf) and lytic enzymes possessing antifungal activity. this study bio-prospected for other potential antifungal factors besides those above. the cells and extracellular metabolites of l. enzymogenes oh11 and the mutants δchia, δchib, δchic, δclp, δpks, and δpila were examined for antifungal activity against fusarium graminearum ph1, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb). results evidenced that oh11 produces an unidenti ... | 2017 | 28213660 |
| selection of lactic acid bacteria to promote an efficient silage fermentation capable of inhibiting the activity of aspergillus parasiticus and fusarium gramineraum and mycotoxin production. | to select lactic acid bacteria with potential silage inoculant properties. the bio-control activity against mycotoxicogenic fungi and the presence of antibiotics resistance gene were also evaluated. | 2013 | 23437822 |
| expanding the substrate scope of chitooligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum by structure-inspired mutagenesis. | chitooligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum (chito) oxidizes n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) and its oligomers with high efficiency at the c1-hydroxyl moiety while it shows poor or no activity with other carbohydrates. by sequence and structural comparison with other known carbohydrate oxidases (glucooligosaccharide oxidase from acremonium strictum and lactose oxidase from microdochium nivale) eleven mutants were designed to redirect the catalytic scope of chito for improved oxidation ... | 2015 | 25565162 |
| fungal diversity and natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in freshly harvested wheat grains from brazil. | this study investigated the fungal diversity and presence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in 150 samples of freshly harvested wheat grains collected in three regions of brazil (sao paulo, parana, and rio grande do sul). analysis of the mycobiota showed a predominance of alternaria sp., fusarium sp. and epicoccum sp. microdochium nivale (23%), a fungus rarely found in brazilian crops, was detected in sao paulo. four members of the fusarium graminearum species complex were isolated: f. graminear ... | 2016 | 26593513 |
| genome-wide a-to-i rna editing in fungi independent of adar enzymes. | yeasts and filamentous fungi do not have adenosine deaminase acting on rna (adar) orthologs and are believed to lack a-to-i rna editing, which is the most prevalent editing of mrna in animals. however, during this study with the puk1(fgrres_01058) pseudokinase gene important for sexual reproduction in fusarium graminearum, we found that two tandem stop codons, ua(1831)gua(1834)g, in its kinase domain were changed to ug(1831)gug(1834)g by rna editing in perithecia. to confirm a-to-i editing of pu ... | 2016 | 26934920 |
| antifungal mechanisms of a plant defensin mtdef4 are not conserved between the ascomycete fungi neurospora crassa and fusarium graminearum. | defensins play an important role in plant defense against fungal pathogens. the plant defensin, mtdef4, inhibits growth of the ascomycete fungi, neurospora crassa and fusarium graminearum, at micromolar concentrations. we have reported that mtdef4 is transported into the cytoplasm of these fungi and exerts its antifungal activity on intracellular targets. here, we have investigated whether the antifungal mechanisms of mtdef4 are conserved in these fungi. we show that n. crassa and f. graminearum ... | 2016 | 26801962 |
| transcription factor xpp1 is a switch between primary and secondary fungal metabolism. | fungi can produce a wide range of chemical compounds via secondary metabolism. these compounds are of major interest because of their (potential) application in medicine and biotechnology and as a potential source for new therapeutic agents and drug leads. however, under laboratory conditions, most secondary metabolism genes remain silent. this circumstance is an obstacle for the production of known metabolites and the discovery of new secondary metabolites. in this study, we describe the dual r ... | 2017 | 28074041 |
| varioxepine a, a 3h-oxepine-containing alkaloid with a new oxa-cage from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus paecilomyces variotii. | a new 3h-oxepine-containing alkaloid, varioxepine a (1), characterized by a structurally unprecedented condensed 3,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif, was isolated from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus paecilomyces variotii. due to the low proton/carbon ratio, the unambiguous assignment of the planar structure and relative configuration was precluded by nmr experiments and solved by single crystal x-ray analysis. the absolute configuration was established by dft conformational analys ... | 2014 | 25167167 |
| role of fig1, a component of the low-affinity calcium uptake system, in growth and sexual development of filamentous fungi. | the function of fig1, a transmembrane protein of the low-affinity calcium uptake system (lacs) in fungi, was examined for its role in the growth and development of the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum. the δfig1 mutants failed to produce mature perithecia, and sexual development was halted prior to the formation of perithecium initials. the loss of fig1 function also resulted in a reduced vegetative growth rate. macroconidium production was reduced 70-fold in the δfig1 mutants compared to the ... | 2012 | 22635922 |
| antifungal and zearalenone inhibitory activity of pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from dairy products on fusarium graminearum. | the present study was aimed to evaluate the bio-control efficacy of pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from traditional fermented dairy products originated from india, against the growth and zearalenone (zea) production of fusarium graminearum. the cell-free supernatants of p. pentosaceus (ppcs) were prepared and chemical profiling was carried out by gc-ms and maldi-tof analysis. chemical profiling of ppcs evidenced that, the presence of phenolic antioxidants, which are responsible for the antifun ... | 2016 | 27379035 |
| bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation. | wild maize (teosinte) has been reported to be less susceptible to pests than their modern maize (corn) relatives. endophytes, defined as microbes that inhabit plants without causing disease, are known for their ability to antagonize plant pests and pathogens. we hypothesized that the wild relatives of modern maize may host endophytes that combat pathogens. fusarium graminearum is the fungus that causes gibberella ear rot (ger) in modern maize and produces the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (don). in ... | 2015 | 26500660 |
| paenibacillus polymyxa a26 sfp-type pptase inactivation limits bacterial antagonism against fusarium graminearum but not of f. culmorum in kernel assay. | fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum are the causing agents of a destructive disease known as fusarium head blight (fhb). fhb is a re-emerging disease in small grain cereals which impairs both the grain yield and the quality. most serious consequence is the contamination of grain with fusarium mycotoxins that are severe threat to humans and animals. biological control has been suggested as one of the integrated management strategies to control fhb. paenibacillus polymyxa is considered as a promi ... | 2015 | 26074934 |
| a new di-o-prenylated flavone from an actinomycete streptomyces sp. ma-12. | a new di-o-prenylated flavone, named 7,3'-di-(γ,γ-dimethylallyloxy)-5-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (1), was isolated from the culture broth of the endophytic actinomycete streptomyces sp. ma-12 isolated from the root of the semi-mangrove plant myoporum bontioides a. gray. the structure of 1 was determined by comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including 1d and 2d nmr experiments (cosy, hmqc, and hmbc). primary bioassays showed that 1 at concentration of 0.25 mm had moderate inhibitory activity aga ... | 2013 | 23323861 |
| pigment production by filamentous fungi on agro-industrial byproducts: an eco-friendly alternative. | the search for new sources of natural pigments has increased, mainly because of the toxic effects caused by synthetic dyes used in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries. fungi provide a readily available alternative source of natural pigments. in this context, the fungi penicillium chrysogenum ifl1 and ifl2, fusarium graminearum ifl3, monascus purpureus nrrl 1992, and penicillium vasconiae ifl4 were selected as pigments producers. the fungal identification was performed using it ... | 2013 | 23873642 |
| effect of the combination of crude extracts of penicillium griseofulvum and fusarium graminearum containing patulin and zearalenone on rumen microbial fermentation and on their metabolism in continuous culture fermenters. | six single-flow continuous cultures were used to study the effects of the mycotoxins patulin (pat) and zearalenone (zen) alone or in combination on rumen microbial fermentation. in each of the four 7-d periods, the fermenters were supplemented in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of pat (0 and 20 mg/l) and three levels of zen (0, 5 and 10 mg/l). the treatments did not affect the apparent and true digestibility of organic matter. pat alone decreased the digestibility of neutral deterg ... | 2014 | 24978863 |
| molecular characterization of a novel positive-sense, single-stranded rna mycovirus infecting the plant pathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | recent studies have demonstrated that a diverse array of mycoviruses infect the plant pathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum. here, we report the molecular characterization of a newly identified mycovirus, sclerotinia sclerotiorum fusarivirus 1 (ssfv1), which was isolated from a sclerotia-defective strain jmtj14 of s. sclerotiorum. excluding a poly (a) tail, the genome of ssfv1 comprises 7754 nucleotides (nts) in length with 83 and 418 nts for 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively. s ... | 2015 | 26008696 |
| characterization of a novel single-stranded rna virus, closely related to fusariviruses, infecting the plant pathogenic fungus alternaria brassicicola. | the alternaria blackspot of rapeseed is one of the most prominent diseases of rapeseed. it is caused by three species of the genus alternaria: alternaria brassicicola, alternaria brassicae, and alternaria raphanin. here we report a novel positive-sense rna virus from an a. brassicicola strain 817-14. the virus has a 6639 nucleotide (nt) long genome, excluding a poly (a)-tail, and was predicted to contain three putative open reading frames (orf1, orf2, and orf3). the large orf1 encoded a 174-kda ... | 2016 | 26707921 |
| biotechnological potential of a rhizosphere pseudomonas aeruginosa strain producing phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and phenazine-1-carboxamide. | bacterial phenazine metabolites belong to a group of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with antimicrobial activities. in this study, a rhizosphere pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa1201 was isolated and identified through 16s rdna sequence analysis and fatty acid profiling. pa1201 inhibited the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms, including rhizotonia solani, magnaporthe grisea, fusarium graminearum, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, and staphylococc ... | 2016 | 26873561 |
| antifungal activity of zno nanoparticles and their interactive effect with a biocontrol bacterium on growth antagonism of the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum. | fungal plant pathogens such as fusarium graminearum cause severe global economic losses in cereals crops, and current control measures are limited. this work addresses the potential for zno nanoparticles (nps) and biocontrol bacteria to be used in plant fungal control strategies. growth of f. graminearum was significantly (p = 0.05) inhibited by inclusion of the nps in a mung bean broth agar and in sand. suspension in mung bean broth medium modified the surface charge, dissolution, and aggregati ... | 2013 | 23933719 |
| potential of pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca strain pcho10 as a biocontrol agent against fusarium graminearum. | to develop an effective biocontrol strategy for management of fusarium head blight on wheat caused by fusarium graminearum, the bacterial biocontrol agent pcho10 was selected from more than 1,476 wheat-head-associated bacterial strains according to its antagonistic activity in vitro. this strain was subsequently characterized as pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca based on 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis, assays of the biolog microbial identification system, and unique pigment product ... | 2014 | 24941327 |
| conjunctively screening of biocontrol agents (bcas) against fusarium root rot and fusarium head blight caused by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium root-rot and fusarium head blight are plant diseases caused by fusarium sp. in different growth periods of wheat, bring heavy losses to crop production in china. this research is aiming to screen biocontrol agents conjunctively for controlling these two diseases at the same time, as well as evaluate our previous bcas (biological control agents) screening strategies in more complex situation, considering biocontrol is well concerned as an environmental-friendly plant disease controlling ... | 2015 | 26211964 |
| lactoferrin-derived resistance against plant pathogens in transgenic plants. | lactoferrin (lf) is a ubiquitous cationic iron-binding milk glycoprotein that contributes to nutrition and exerts a broad-spectrum primary defense against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in mammals. these qualities make lactoferrin protein and its antimicrobial motifs highly desirable candidates to be incorporated in plants to impart broad-based resistance against plant pathogens or to economically produce them in bulk quantities for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes. this study int ... | 2013 | 23889215 |
| time-course changes in fungal elicitor-induced lignan synthesis and expression of the relevant genes in cell cultures of linum album. | linum album has been shown to accumulate anti-tumor podophyllotoxin (ptox) and its related lignans. in the present study, we examined the effects of five fungal extracts on the production of lignans in l. album cell cultures. fusarium graminearum extract induced the highest increase of ptox [140μgg(-1) dry weight (dw) of the l. album cell culture] which is seven-fold greater than the untreated control, while rhizopus stolonifer extract enhanced the accumulation of lariciresinol, instead of ptox, ... | 2012 | 22218086 |
| effect of apiforol and apigeninidin on growth of selected fungi. | selected fungi were grown on agar plates in the presence of naringenin, apiforol, apiforol 7-o-rhamnoglucoside, or apigeninidin. of the four compounds tested, only apigeninidin inhibited the growth offusarium oxysporum, gibberella zeae, gliocladium roseum, altemaria solani, and phytophthora infestons. in contrast, the growth ofrhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii, and rhizopus stolonifer (- and +) was not effected by any compound. since apigeninidin is present in seeds ofsorghum sp., we hypoth ... | 1991 | 24258604 |