| a universal approach to eliminate antigenic properties of alpha-gliadin peptides in celiac disease. | celiac disease is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins, including the α-gliadins. it has been shown that α-gliadins harbor several major epitopes involved in the disease pathogenesis. a major step towards elimination of gluten toxicity for celiac disease patients would thus be the elimination of such epitopes from α-gliadins. we have analyzed over 3,000 expressed α-gliadin sequences from 11 bread wheat cultivars to determine wheth ... | 2010 | 21179575 |
| subcellular cd distribution and its correlation with antioxidant enzymatic activities in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots. | the subcellular partitioning of cd in wheat root was obtained by differential centrifugation of root homogenates to quantify the amounts of cd associated with five operationally defined subcellular fractions, namely cd-rich granule (mrg), cellular debris, organelles, heat-denatured protein (hdp), and heat-stable protein (hsp). their correlations were investigated with the changes in antioxidant enzymatic activities under cd stress (0.01-9.68μm) for 72h. the results showed that the relative cd di ... | 2010 | 21190733 |
| heme oxygenase-1 is involved in the cytokinin-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat leaves during dark incubation. | this study tested whether an inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (ho, ec 1.14.99.3), ho-1, is involved in the cytokinin (ctk)-induced alleviation of senescence in detached wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves during dark incubation. we discovered that exogenous supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba) at 10 μm for 48 h not only delayed the dark-induced loss of chlorophyll and protein contents in detached wheat leaves, but also significantly increased ho activity in a time-dependent manner. this i ... | 2010 | 21190753 |
| comparative analysis of genetic background in eight near-isogenic wheat lines with different h genes conferring resistance to hessian fly. | near-isogenic lines (nils) are useful for plant genetic and genomic studies. however, the strength of conclusions from such studies depends on the similarity of the nils' genetic backgrounds. in this study, we investigated the genetic similarity for a set of nils developed in the 1990s to study gene-for-gene interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor (say)), an important pest of wheat. each of the eight nils carries a single h resistance gene and ... | 2011 | 21217808 |
| comparative structural modeling and docking studies of oxalate oxidase: possible implication in enzyme supplementation therapy for urolithiasis. | in humans oxalate is end product of protein metabolism, with no enzyme present to act on it. in conditions of its enhanced endogenous synthesis or increased absorption from the diet, oxalate accumulation leads to hyperoxaluria which can further lead to a number of pathological conditions including urolithiasis. urolithiasis has been a perplexing problem due to its high incidence and rate of recurrence after treatment like extracorporeal-shock wave lithotripsy (eswl). hence other prophylactic tre ... | 2011 | 21255608 |
| residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity. | the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ... | 2010 | 21256672 |
| [dynamics of hybrid necrosis genes in russian cultivars of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | study of necrosis genotypes of 72 russian cultivars of winter common wheat has confirmed a tendency towards "washing off" of genotypes with the ne1 gene. fifty-six percent of cultivars have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2, and 44% have the genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2; i.e., they are free of hybrid necrosis genes. the results of the study indicate that the diversity of the original ancestors in the groups of cultivars with the ne1ne 1ne2ne2 and ne1ne1ne2ne2 genotypes is almost the same. this determines the i ... | 2010 | 21261062 |
| visualisation of stromules in transgenic wheat expressing a plastid-targeted yellow fluorescent protein. | stromules are stroma-filled tubules that extend from the plastids in all multicellular plants examined to date. to facilitate the visualisation of stromules on different plastid types in various tissues of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a chimeric gene construct encoding enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) targeted to plastids with the transit peptide of wheat granule-bound starch synthase i was introduced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the gene construct was under the con ... | 2011 | 21274561 |
| concentration-dependent rdx uptake and remediation by crop plants. | the potential rdx contamination of food chain from polluted soil is a significant concern in regards to both human health and environment. using a hydroponic system and selected soils spiked with rdx, this study disclosed that four crop plant species maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum sudanese), wheat (triticum aestivum), and soybean (glycine max) were capable of rdx uptake with more in aerial parts than roots. the accumulation of rdx in the plant tissue is concentration-dependent up to 21 mg rd ... | 2011 | 21274639 |
| expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis. | fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ... | 2011 | 21279533 |
| genetic differentiation of puccinia triticina populations in the middle east and genetic similarity with populations in central asia. | leaf rust of wheat, caused by puccinia triticina, is a common and widespread disease in the middle east. the objective of this study was to determine whether genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina are present in the middle east region and to compare the population from the middle east with the previously characterized population from central asia to determine whether genetically similar groups of isolates are found in the two regions. in total, 118 isolates of p. triticina collected f ... | 2011 | 21303212 |
| virulence in hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat. | genetic resistance in wheat, triticum aestivum l., is the most efficacious method for control of hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). however, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of hessian fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (r) genes with respect to the genotype composition of hessian fly in regional areas. ... | 2010 | 21309248 |
| temperature preference and respiration of acaridid mites. | the thermal preferences in a grain mass and respiration at various temperatures in mites (acari: acarididae) of medical and economical importance [acarus siro (l. 1758), dermatophagoides farinae hughes 1961, lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank 1871), and tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank 1781)] were studied under laboratory conditions. based on the distribution of mites in wheat, triticum aestivum l., grain along a thermal gradient from 10 to 40 degrees c, l. destructor, d. farinae, and a. siro we ... | 2010 | 21309251 |
| deciphering the complexities of the wheat flour proteome using quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis, three proteases and tandem mass spectrometry. | | 2011 | 21314956 |
| construction and characterization of a cdna library from wheat infected with fusarium graminearum fg 2. | total rna from wheat spikes infected with f. graminearum fg2 was extracted and the mrna was purified. switching mechanism at 5' end of the rna transcript (smart) technique and cds ill/3' primer were used for first-strand cdna synthesis using reverse transcriptase by rt-pcr. primer extension polymerase chain reaction was used to construct the double-strand cdna that was digested by proteinase k, then by sfi i and fractionated. cdnas longer than 0.5 kb were collected and ligated to ?triplex2 vecto ... | 2011 | 21340003 |
| development and characterization of wheat-ae. searsii robertsonian translocations and a recombinant chromosome conferring resistance to stem rust. | the emergence of a new highly virulent race of stem rust (puccinia graminis tritici), ug99, rapid evolution of new ug99 derivative races overcoming resistance of widely deployed genes, and spread towards important wheat growing areas now potentially threaten world food security. exploiting novel genes effective against ug99 from wild relatives of wheat is one of the most promising strategies for the protection of the wheat crop. a new source of resistance to ug99 was identified in the short arm ... | 2011 | 21347655 |
| neutron activation analysis of wheat samples. | the deficiency of essential micronutrients and excess of toxic metals in cereals, an important food items for human nutrition, can cause public health risk. therefore, before their consumption and adoption of soil supplementation, concentrations of essential micronutrients and metals in cereals should be monitored. this study collected soil and two varieties of wheat samples-triticum aestivum l. (jordão/bread wheat), and triticum durum l. (marialva/durum wheat) from elvas area, portugal and anal ... | 2011 | 21367605 |
| wheat domestication: lessons for the future. | wheat was one of the first crops to be domesticated more than 10,000 years ago in the middle east. molecular genetics and archaeological data have allowed the reconstruction of plausible domestication scenarios leading to modern cultivars. for diploid einkorn and tetraploid durum wheat, a single domestication event has likely occurred in the karacadag mountains, turkey. following a cross between tetraploid durum and diploid t. tauschii, the resultant hexaploid bread wheat was domesticated and di ... | 2011 | 21377616 |
| temporal dynamics in wheat grain zinc distribution: is sink limitation the key? | enhancing the zinc (zn) concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum) grain is a breeding objective in order to improve human zn nutrition. at enhanced plant zn uptake, grain zn levels do not increase proportionally and within the grain the endosperm zn levels remain below grain zn levels. this study analysed the temporal dynamics of zn concentrations in grain tissues during grain filling to find major bottlenecks. | 2011 | 21385780 |
| waterlogging pretreatment during vegetative growth improves tolerance to waterlogging after anthesis in wheat. | the interaction of multiple waterlogging events during vegetative growth (at the seven- and nine-leaf stage, and at heading) to a waterlogging event during the generative growth stage was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yangmai 9). waterlogging before anthesis was found to effectively enhance tolerance to a waterlogging event after anthesis, as indicated by: (1) increasing net photosynthetsis (p(n)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and transpiration (tr) and maintaining high spad (soil pl ... | 2011 | 21421417 |
| identification of drought-responsive universal stress proteins in viridiplantae. | genes encoding proteins that contain the universal stress protein (usp) domain are known to provide bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and plants with the ability to respond to a plethora of environmental stresses. specifically in plants, drought tolerance is a desirable phenotype. however, limited focused and organized functional genomic datasets exist on drought-responsive plant usp genes to facilitate their characterization. the overall objective of the investigation was to identify diverse ... | 2011 | 21423406 |
| a novel robertsonian translocation event leads to transfer of a stem rust resistance gene (sr52) effective against race ug99 from dasypyrum villosum into bread wheat. | stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn.) (the causal agent of wheat stem rust) race ug99 (also designated ttksk) and its derivatives have defeated several important stem rust resistance genes widely used in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production, rendering much of the worldwide wheat acreage susceptible. in order to identify new resistance sources, a large collection of wheat relatives and genetic stocks maintained at the wheat genetic and genomic resources center was scre ... | 2011 | 21437597 |
| alleviation of cold stress in inoculated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings with psychrotolerant pseudomonads from nw himalayas. | twelve psychrotolerant pseudomonad strains were selected on the basis of various plant growth-promoting (pgp) activities at cold temperature (4°c). the effect of inoculation with pseudomonad strains on cold alleviation and growth of wheat seedling at cold temperature (8°c) was investigated under greenhouse condition. inoculation with pseudomonad strains significantly enhanced root/shoot biomass and nutrients uptake as compared to non-bacterized control at 60 days of plant growth. bacterization s ... | 2011 | 21442319 |
| analysis of two in planta expressed lysm effector homologs from the fungus mycosphaerella graminicola reveals novel functional properties and varying contributions to virulence on wheat. | secreted effector proteins enable plant pathogenic fungi to manipulate host defenses for successful infection. mycosphaerella graminicola causes septoria tritici blotch disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. leaf infection involves a long (approximately 7 d) period of symptomless intercellular colonization prior to the appearance of necrotic disease lesions. therefore, m. graminicola is considered as a hemibiotrophic (or necrotrophic) pathogen. here, we describe the molecular and functiona ... | 2011 | 21467214 |
| hypolipidemic effect of fresh triticum aestivum (wheat) grass juice in hypercholesterolemic rats. | present study was aimed to elucidate hypolipidemic effect of fresh triticum aestivum (common wheat) grass juice (gj) in experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats and to investigate its role in cholesterol excretion. hypercholesterolemia was induced experimentally in rats by including 0.75 g% cholesterol and 1.5 g% bile salts in normal diet for 14 days. hypercholesterolemic rats were administered fresh triticum aestivum gj at the dose of 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg and the standard drug atorva ... | 2011 | 21485304 |
| identification and quantitation of volatile organic compounds emitted from dairy silages and other feedstuffs. | high ground-level ozone continues to be an important human, animal, and plant health impediment in the united states and especially in california's san joaquin valley (sjv). according to california state and regional air quality agencies, dairies are one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (vocs) in the sjv. a number of recently conducted studies reported emissions data from different dairy sources. however, limited data are currently available for silage and otherfeed storages on ... | 2011 | 21488490 |
| chemoprevention by triticum aestivum of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by dmba and croton oil - association with oxidative status. | chemopreventive action of wheat grass (triticum astivum) leaf extract in swiss albino mice was evaluated. oral administration of wheat grass leaf extract at a dose level of 20 ml/kg body weight per day at pre, peri, and post-initional phases and in combination group, caused significant variation in tumour incidence and tumour yield as compared to the control group. moreover, the average latent period was significantly increased from 9.87±0.12 to 13.4±0.23 weeks in the combination group, together ... | 2011 | 21517247 |
| [effects of soil hhcb and cd contamination on the growth of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum) and the pollutants accumulation in plants]. | using outdoor pot-culture experiment,biomasses of wheat seedlings and accumulation of hhcb and/or cd in parts of wheat seedlings cultured in alluvial soil and cinnamon soil were investigated. the biomasses of wheat seedlings in different treatments followed the order as single hhcb treatment > hhcb and cd treatment > single cd treatment. the accumulation of hhcb in wheat seedlings cultured in alluvial soil was more than that in cinnamon soil, and effect of cd on accumulation of hhcb in wheat see ... | 2011 | 21528585 |
| mycosphaerella graminicola: from genomics to disease control. | this mycosphaerella graminicola pathogen profile covers recent advances in the knowledge of this ascomycete fungus and of the disease it causes, septoria tritici blotch of wheat. research on this pathogen has accelerated since publication of a previous pathogen profile in this journal in 2002. septoria tritici blotch continues to have high economic importance and widespread global impact on wheat production. taxonomy: mycosphaerella graminicola (fuckel) j. schröt. in cohn (anamorph: septoria tri ... | 2011 | 21535348 |
| translocation and re-translocation of selenium taken up from nutrient solution during vegetative growth in spring wheat. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, but the se level in food plants in northern europe is generally inadequate to meet human nutritional requirements. commonly, food plant se fortification is achieved by selenate fertilisation, but the effect of nitrogen (n) and sulphur (s) supply on the translocation and re-translocation of se is unknown. therefore the effect of n and s supply on (75) selenate/(75) se translocation and re-translocation during vegetative growth in spring whea ... | 2011 | 21541941 |
| impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | background:zinc (zn) and phytic acid content in grain crops are directly related to their nutritional quality and therefore human health. to investigate the nutritional influences of phosphorus (p) and zn levels on wheat (triticum aestivum l.), plants were grown hydroponically to maturity in chelator-buffered solutions. results:appropriate amounts of p, coupled with sufficient zn, increased p and zn concentrations in wheat grain. the zn supply decreased both phytic acid and the molar ratios of p ... | 2011 | 21547926 |
| [prokaryotic expression, purification and preparation of polyclonal antibody for wheat grain peroxidase wp1 gene]. | wheat peroxidases 1 (wp1) is the major cationic peroxidase of wheat (triticum aestivum) grain, which is involved in the development of seeds and an important factor to affect the final processing quality of flour. we constructed a prokaryotic expression vector pet28a-wp1, and transformed it into e. coli host strain t7 expression. his-tag fused wp1 existed as inclusion body, and the recombinant protein was purified by ni-nta resin affinity chromatography under denatured condition. the purity of t ... | 2011 | 21553487 |
| modelling arsenic toxicity in wheat: simultaneous application of diffusive gradients in thin films to arsenic and phosphorus in soil. | the diffusive gradients in thin films (dgt) technique was evaluated in modelling wheat (triticum aestivum) arsenic toxicity using a dataset of as-contaminated soil samples (n=28) collected from former sheep dip sites. above ground wheat biomass from a 21-day early growth bioassay was adopted as the response variable and the dose-response relationships were modelled using the three-parameter sigmoid equation. the dgt-derived effective soil solution as to p concentration ratios corresponded strong ... | 2011 | 21571412 |
| resistance to recombinant stem rust race tppkc in hard red spring wheat. | the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stem rust (puccinia graminis pers.:pers. f.sp. tritici eriks. and henn.) resistance gene srwld1 conditions resistance to all north american stem rust races and is an important gene in hard red spring (hrs) wheat cultivars. a sexually recombined race having virulence to srwld1 was isolated in the 1980s. our objective was to determine the genetics of resistance to the race. the recombinant race was tested with the set of stem rust differentials and with a set of 36 ... | 2011 | 21573955 |
| influence of cultivated landscape composition on variety resistance: an assessment based on wheat leaf rust epidemics. | • in plant pathology, the idea of designing variety management strategies at the scale of cultivated landscapes is gaining more and more attention. this requires the identification of effects that take place at large scales on host and pathogen populations. here, we show how the landscape varietal composition influences the resistance level (as measured in the field) of the most grown wheat varieties by altering the structure of the pathogen populations. • for this purpose, we jointly analysed t ... | 2011 | 21585391 |
| [study on the transgenic tobacco expressing truncated wheat cold shock protein gene ta3-13 and analysis of disease resistance]. | ta3-13 is a truncated gene coding for the fragment of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cold shock protein wcp1. it has been shown previously that the procaryotically expressed ta3-13 can induce resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) when sprayed onto plant leaves. in this study, we constructed an expression vector pb-3-13 by cloning ta3-13 into the bionary vector pbi121 and transformed it into agrobacterium tumefaciense strain eha105 via freeze-thaw method. tobacco (nicotiana tobacum cv. xanthi nc ... | 2011 | 21586399 |
| expression of a wheat myb gene in transgenic tobacco enhances resistance to ralstonia solanacearum, and to drought and salt stresses. | myb transcription factors play diverse roles in plant growth, developmental processes and stress responses. a full-length cdna sequence of a myb gene, namely tapimp1, was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the tapimp1 transcript level was significantly up-regulated by inoculation with a fungal pathogen bipolaris sorokiniana and by drought treatment. tapimp1 encodes the myb protein tapimp1 consisting of 323 amino acids. tapimp1 contains two myb dna binding domains (r2, r3), two putative ... | 2011 | 21597961 |
| k+ transport by the oshkt2;4 transporter from rice (oryza sativa) with atypical na+ transport properties and competition in permeation of k+ over mg2+ and ca2+ ions. | members of the class ii of hkt transporters, which have thus far only been isolated from grasses, were found to mediate na+-k+ co-transport and at high na+ concentrations preferred na+-selective transport, depending on the ionic conditions. but the physiological functions of this k+ transporting class ii of hkt transporters remain unknown in plants with exception of the unique class ii na+ transporter, oshkt2;1. the genetically tractable rice (background nipponbare) possesses two predicted k+ tr ... | 2011 | 21610181 |
| wci, a novel wheat chymotrypsin inhibitor: purification, primary structure, inhibitory properties and heterologous expression. | a novel chymotrypsin inhibitor, detected in the endosperm of triticum aestivum, was purified and characterized with respect to the main physical-chemical properties. on the basis of its specificity, this inhibitor was named wci (wheat chymotrypsin inhibitor). wci is a monomeric neutral protein made up of 119 residues and molecular mass value of 12,933.40 da. automated sequence and mass spectrometry analyses, carried out on several samples of purified inhibitor, evidenced an intrinsic molecular h ... | 2011 | 21617989 |
| alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress. | hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the role of oligochitosan in enhancing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) resistance to salt stress. data were collected on plant biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (p (n)), stomatal conductance (g (s)), proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (mda) content. under 150 mm salt stress, plant growth was significantly inhibited. shoot length, root length, and dry weight were sharply reduced by 26%, 31%, and 20%, re ... | 2011 | 21626287 |
| transcript-specific, single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and linkage analysis in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in cereal crops are required to feed the growing world population. wheat is one of the three most important crops for human and livestock feed. however, the complexity of the genome coupled with a decline in genetic diversity within modern elite cultivars has hindered the application of marker-assisted selection (mas) in breeding programmes. a crucial step in the successful application of mas in breeding programmes is the developm ... | 2011 | 21627760 |
| microrna regulated defense responses in triticum aestivum l. during puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici infection. | plants have evolved diverse mechanism to recognize pathogen attack and triggers defense responses. these defense responses alter host cellular function regulated by endogenous, small, non-coding mirnas. to understand the mechanism of mirnas regulated cellular functions during stem rust infection in wheat, we investigated eight different mirnas viz. mir159, mir164, mir167, mir171, mir444, mir408, mir1129 and mir1138, involved in three different independent cellular defense response to infection. ... | 2011 | 21633895 |
| genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the french winter wheat cultivars balance and apache. | the ascomycete mycosphaerella graminicola is the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb), one of the most destructive foliar diseases of bread and durum wheat globally, particularly in temperate humid areas. a screening of the french bread wheat cultivars apache and balance with 30 m. graminicola isolates revealed a pattern of resistant responses that suggested the presence of new genes for stb resistance. quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of a doubled haploid (dh) population with fiv ... | 2011 | 21655994 |
| molecular and physiological strategies to increase aluminum resistance in plants. | aluminum (al) toxicity is a primary limitation to plant growth on acid soils. root meristems are the first site for toxic al accumulation, and therefore inhibition of root elongation is the most evident physiological manifestation of al toxicity. plants may resist al toxicity by avoidance (al exclusion) and/or tolerance mechanisms (detoxification of al inside the cells). the al exclusion involves the exudation of organic acid anions from the root apices, whereas tolerance mechanisms comprise int ... | 2011 | 21660471 |
| a major invasion of transposable elements accounts for the large size of the blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici genome. | powdery mildew of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is caused by the ascomycete fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. genomic approaches open new ways to study the biology of this obligate biotrophic pathogen. we started the analysis of the bg tritici genome with the low-pass sequencing of its genome using the 454 technology and the construction of the first genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library for this fungus. high-coverage contigs were assembled with the 454 reads. they allowed t ... | 2011 | 21809124 |
| bioremediation and detoxification of synthetic wastewater containing triarylmethane dyes by aeromonas hydrophila isolated from industrial effluent. | economical and bio-friendly approaches are needed to remediate dye-contaminated wastewater from various industries. in this study, a novel bacterial strain capable of decolorizing triarylmethane dyes was isolated from a textile wastewater treatment plant in greece. the bacterial isolate was identified as aeromonas hydrophila and was shown to decolorize three triarylmethane dyes tested within 24?h with color removal in the range of 72% to 96%. decolorization efficiency of the bacterium was a func ... | 2011 | 21808740 |
| fusarium graminearum forms mycotoxin producing infection structures on wheat. | abstract: background: the mycotoxin producing fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) of small grain cereals in fields worldwide. although f. graminearum is highly investigated by means of molecular genetics, detailed studies about hyphal development during initial infection stages are rare. in addition, the role of mycotoxins during initial infection stages of fhb is still unknown. therefore, we investigated the infection strategy of the fungus on ... | 2011 | 21798058 |
| the spectrum of low molecular weight alpha-amylase/protease inhibitor genes expressed in the us bread wheat cultivar butte 86. | abstract: background: wheat grains accumulate a variety of low molecular weight proteins that are inhibitors of alpha-amylases and proteases and play an important protective role in the grain. these proteins have more balanced amino acid compositions than the major wheat gluten proteins and contribute important reserves for both seedling growth and human nutrition. the alpha-amylase/protease inhibitors also are of interest because they cause ige-mediated occupational and food allergies and there ... | 2011 | 21774824 |
| biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112. | 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate is used as supplementary additives in commercial-grade insecticides to compensate for the time factor needed for the actual pesticide chemical to start its action. this investigation describes the biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112. the biodegradation is influenced by other carbon a ... | 2011 | 21773762 |
| identification of a myb3r gene involved in drought, salt and cold stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | abiotic stress seriously affects crop growth and productivity. to better understand the mechanisms plant uses to cope with drought, cold and salt stress, it is necessary to isolate and characterize important regulators response to these stresses. in this study, we cloned a myb gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and designated it as tamyb3r1 based on its conserved three repeats in myb domain. the sequence of tamyb3r1 protein shares high identity to other plant myb3r proteins. subcellular loca ... | 2011 | 21763408 |
| identification and mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 6d of common wheat. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious wheat diseases. the rapid evolution of the pathogen's virulence, due to the heavy use of resistance genes, necessitates the expansion of resistance gene diversity. the common wheat line d57 is highly resistant to powdery mildew. a genetic analysis using an f(2) population derived from the cross of d57 with the susceptible cultivar yangmai 158 and the derived f(2:3) lines indicated that d57 carries two dominant ... | 2011 | 21755339 |
| efficacy and tolerability of fitostimoline in two different forms (soaked gauzes and cream) and citrizan gel in the topical treatment of second-degree superficial cutaneous burns. | a total of 227 patients (mean age 41.3 years, 52% females) with at least one second-degree superficial cutaneous burn of thermal origin of a smallest transverse diameter =20?mm and a largest transverse diameter =90?mm were randomised to receive the topical application of aqueous extract of triticum vulgare (fitostimoline) in two different forms (soaked gauzes and cream) or catalase of horse origin in form of gel (citrizan gel), given up to healing or to a maximum of 20 days. the rate of lesion h ... | 2011 | 21747844 |
| precise mapping fhb5, a major qtl conditioning resistance to fusarium infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | qfhi.nau-5a is a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) against fusarium graminearum infection in the resistant wheat germplasm wangshuibai. genetic analysis using bc(3)f(2) and bc(4)f(2) populations, derived from selfing two near-isogenic lines (nil) heterozygous at qfhi.nau-5a that were developed, respectively, with mianyang 99-323 and ph691 as the recurrent parent, showed that qfhi.nau-5a inherited like a single dominant gene. this qtl was thus designated as fhb5. to fine map it, these two back ... | 2011 | 21739138 |
| approved quarantine treatment for hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) in large-size hay bales and hessian fly and cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) control by bale compression. | a quarantine treatment using bale compression (32 kg/cm2 pressure) and phosphine fumigation (61 g/28.3 m3 aluminum phosphide for 7 d at 20 degrees c) was approved to control hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), in large-size, polypropylene fabric-wrapped bales exported from the western states to japan. no hessian fly puparia (45,366) survived to the adult stage in infested wheat, triticum aestivum l., seedlings exposed to the treatment in a large-scale commercial test. daily temperatures (me ... | 2011 | 21735895 |
| discovery of english grain aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in china. | the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), is an important pest insect of wheat, triticum aestivum (l.), in china. grain aphid biotypes are necessary to breed aphid-resistant wheat varieties; however, none have currently been identified. here, we describe a method to identify grain aphid biotypes and survey the aphid biotype variation in the wheat growth area of china. clones of s. avenae were collected from 11 locations in china and used to establish culture populatio ... | 2011 | 21735932 |
| association mapping of quantitative resistance to phaeosphaeria nodorum in spring wheat landraces from the usda national small grains collection. | stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), caused by phaeosphaeria nodorum, is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) found throughout the united states. host resistance is the only economically feasible option for managing the disease; however, few snb resistant wheat cultivars are known to exist. in this study, we report findings from an association mapping (am) of resistance to p. nodorum in 567 spring wheat landraces of diverse geographic origin. the accessions were evaluated for seed ... | 2011 | 21692647 |
| selection of phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria. | in order to select phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria to control weed plants, twenty five bacterial strains previously isolated from the rhizospheres of various plants were grown in a liquid medium and, after cell removal by centrifugation, the liquid phases were freeze-dried and the products were extracted with ethyl acetate/methanol. the extracts were concentrated to dryness under vacuum and dissolved in water and sucrose solution to be submitted to in vitro assays of lettuce (lactuca sativa l ... | 2011 | 21739082 |
| genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci among populations of mycosphaerella graminicola from california, indiana, kansas and north dakota. | mycosphaerella graminicola causes septoria tritici blotch (stb) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and is considered one of the most devastating pathogens of that crop in the united states. although the genetic structures of m. graminicola populations from different countries have been analyzed using various molecular markers, relatively little is known about m. graminicola populations from geographically distinct areas of the united states and, in particular, of those from spring versus winter whe ... | 2011 | 21692645 |
| decolorization of different dyes by a newly isolated white-rot fungi strain ganoderma sp.en3 and cloning and functional analysis of its laccase gene. | a laccase-producing white-rot fungi strain ganoderma sp.en3 was newly isolated from the forest of tzu-chin mountain in china. ganoderma sp.en3 had a strong ability of decolorizing four synthetic dyes, two simulated dye bath effluents and the real textile dye effluent. induction in the activity of laccase during the decolorization process indicated that laccase played an important role in the efficient decolorization of different dyes by this fungus. phytotoxicity study with respect to triticum a ... | 2011 | 21733624 |
| hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by staphylococcusarlettae strain cr11. | cr(vi), a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant in industrial effluents, was effectively reduced by an indigenous tannery effluent isolate staphylococcus arlettae strain cr11 under aerobic conditions. the isolate could tolerate cr(vi) up to 2000 and 5000mgl(-1) in liquid and solid media respectively. s. arlettae cr11 effectively reduced 98% of 100mgl(-1) cr(vi) in 24h. reduction for initial cr(vi) concentrations of 500 and 1000mgl(-1) was 98% and 75%, respectively in 120h. the isolate was also po ... | 2011 | 22169713 |
| Characterization of a wheat heme oxygenase-1 gene and its responses to different abiotic stresses. | In animals and recently in plants, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) has been found to confer protection against a variety of oxidant-induced cell and tissue injuries. In this study, a wheat (Triticum aestivum) HO1 gene TaHO1 was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a polypeptide of 31.7 kD with a putative N-terminal plastid transit peptide. The amino acid sequence of TaHO1 was found to be 78% similar to that of maize HO1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaHO1 clusters together with the HO1-like sequences ... | 2011 | 22174625 |
| phenotypic variation in acidovorax radicisn35 influences plant growth promotion. | acidovorax radicis n35, isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots (triticum aestivum), showed irreversible phenotypic variation in nutrient broth, resulting in a differing colony morphology. in addition to the wild-type form (rough colony type), a phenotypic variant form (smooth colony type) appeared at a frequency of 3.2 × 10(-3) per cell per generation on nb agar plates. in contrast to the n35 wild type, the variant n35v showed almost no cell aggregation and had lost its flagella and swarm ... | 2011 | 22107346 |
| Molecular characterization of novel TaNAC genes in wheat and overexpression of TaNAC2a confers drought tolerance in tobacco. | Plant-specific NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factors (TFs) had been reported to play a role in diverse stress responses and developmental processes. We showed here that six new genes encoding NAC TFs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were identified (named as TaNAC2a, TaNAC4a, TaNAC6, TaNAC7, TaNAC13 and TaNTL5, respectively), and we classified them into three groups: stress-related NACs, development-related NACs and NTLs (membrane-associated TFs belonging to NAC) by phylogenetic analysis. All TaN ... | 2011 | 22082019 |
| PPIase activities and interaction partners of FK506-binding proteins in the wheat thylakoid. | FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) and cyclophilins, collectively called immunophilins, conserve peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) active sites, although many lack PPIase activity. The chloroplast thylakoid contains a large proportion of the plant immunophilin family, but their functions within this compartment are unclear. Some lumenal immunophilins are important for assembly of photosynthetic complexes, implicating them in the maintenance and turnover of the photosynthetic apparatus dur ... | 2011 | 21848652 |
| Genetic analysis of adult plant, quantitative resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar 'Stephens' in multi-environment trials. | The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Stephens' has been grown commercially in the USA Pacific Northwest for 30 years. The durable resistance of 'Stephens' to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) was believed to be due to a combination of seedling and adult plant resistance genes. Multilocation field trials, diversity array technology (DArT), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance. Recombinant inbred lines wer ... | 2011 | 21912857 |
| characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from field-grown barley, oat, and wheat. | diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of field-grown triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, and avena sativa grown in various regions of greece. one isolate, with the highest nitrogen-fixation ability from each of the eleven rhizospheres, was selected for further characterisation. diazotrophic strains were assessed for plant-growth-promoting traits such as indoleacetic acid production and phosphate solubilisation. the phylogenies of 16s rrna gene of the selected isolates were com ... | 2011 | 21887633 |
| wheatgenome.info: an integrated database and portal for wheat genome information. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop plants, globally providing staple food for a large proportion of the human population. however, improvement of this crop has been limited due to its large and complex genome. advances in genomics are supporting wheat crop improvement. we provide a variety of web-based systems hosting wheat genome and genomic data to support wheat research and crop improvement. wheatgenome.info is an integrated database resource which includes mult ... | 2011 | 22009731 |
| [Effects of reduced solar radiation on winter wheat flag leaf net photosynthetic rate]. | Taking winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Yangmai 13) as test material, a field experiment was conducted in Nanjing City to study the effects of simulated reduced solar radiation on the diurnal variation of winter wheat flag leaf photosynthetic rate and the main affecting factors. Five treatments were installed, i. e., 15% (T15), 20% (T20) , 40% (T40), 60% (T60), and 100% (CK) of total incident solar radiation. Reduced solar irradiance increased the chlorophyll and lutein contents significan ... | 2011 | 21941745 |
| Graminan breakdown by fructan exohydrolase induced in winter wheat inoculated with snow mold. | Fructan structures vary widely among plant species. Graminan-type fructans, extensions of sucrose through ß-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units with branches of ß-(2,1)-linked fructosyl units, accumulate in tissues of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) during cold hardening and are metabolized under persistent snow cover. Snow molds such as Typhula ishikariensis and Microdochium nivale opportunistically infect wheat under snow cover. Snow mold-resistant wheat cultivars tend to heavily accumulate and slow ... | 2011 | 21983139 |
| Hyperspectral and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to Analyse the Impact of Fusarium culmorum on the Photosynthetic Integrity of Infected Wheat Ears. | Head blight on wheat, caused by Fusarium spp., is a serious problem for both farmers and food production due to the concomitant production of highly toxic mycotoxins in infected cereals. For selective mycotoxin analyses, information about the on-field status of infestation would be helpful. Early symptom detection directly on ears, together with the corresponding geographic position, would be important for selective harvesting. Hence, the capabilities of various digital imaging methods to detect ... | 2011 | 22163820 |
| salicylic acid and calcium-induced protection of wheat against salinity. | soil salinity is one of the important environmental factors that produce serious agricultural problems. the objective of the present study was to determine the interactive effect of salicylic acid (sa) and calcium (ca) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, proline (pro) concentration, carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity and activities of antioxidant enzymes of triticum aestivum l. (cv. samma) under salt stress. application of 90 mm of nacl reduced plant growth (plant height, fresh weight (fw) a ... | 2011 | 21979309 |
| wheat curl mite resistance: interactions of mite feeding with wheat streak mosaic virus infection. | the majority of plant viruses are dependent on arthropod vectors for spread between plants. wheat streak mosaic virus (family potyviridae, genus tritimovirus, wsmv) is transmitted by the wheat curl mite, aceria tosichella keifer, and this virus and vector cause extensive yield losses in most major wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-growing regions of the world. many cultivars in use are susceptible to this vector-virus complex, and yield losses of 10-99% have been documented. wheat curl mite resistanc ... | 2011 | 21882710 |
| characterization of chloroplast dna microsatellites from saccharum spp and related species. | microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs), and their flanking regions in chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of some species of the family poaceae were analyzed in silico to look for dna sequence variations. comparison of the complete chloroplast dna sequences (cpdnas) of sugarcane (saccharum hybrid cv. sp-80-3280 and s. officinarum cv. nco310) and related species, agrostis stolonifera, brachypodium distachyon, hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare, lolium perenne, oryza nivara, o. sativa sub ... | 2011 | 21948764 |
| environmental assay on the effect of poultry manure application on soil organisms in agroecosystems. | this paper reports the effects produced on the organisms of the soil (plants, invertebrates and microorganisms), after the application of two types of poultry manure (sawdust and straw bed) on an agricultural land. the test was made using a terrestrial microcosm, multi-species soil system (ms3) developed in inia. there was no difference in the germination for any of the three species of plants considered in the study. the biomass was increased in the wheat (triticum aestivum) coming from ground ... | 2011 | 22154182 |
| zymoseptoria gen. nov.: a new genus to accommodate septoria-like species occurring on graminicolous hosts. | the mycosphaerella complex is both poly- and paraphyletic, containing several different families and genera. the genus mycosphaerella is restricted to species with ramularia anamorphs, while septoria is restricted to taxa that cluster with the type species of septoria, s. cytisi, being closely related to cercospora in the mycosphaerellaceae. species that occur on graminicolous hosts represent an as yet undescribed genus, for which the name zymoseptoria is proposed. based on the 28s nrdna phyloge ... | 2011 | 22025804 |
| molecular characterization of rht-1 dwarfing genes in hexaploid wheat. | the introduction of the reduced height (rht)-b1b and rht-d1b semidwarfing genes led to impressive increases in wheat (triticum aestivum) yields during the green revolution. the reduction in stem elongation in varieties containing these alleles is caused by a limited response to the phytohormone gibberellin (ga), resulting in improved resistance to stem lodging and yield benefits through an increase in grain number. rht-b1 and rht-d1 encode della proteins, which act to repress ga-responsive growt ... | 2011 | 22013218 |
| Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles. | Bioassay-guided fractionation of the diethyl ether fraction of a water extract of Picea schrenkiana needles led to the isolation of the phenolic compound 3,4-dihydroxy- acetophenone (DHAP). The allelopathic effects of DHAP were evaluated under laboratory conditions on P. schrenkiana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). DHAP significantly inhibited seed ... | 2011 | 22024957 |
| genetic transformation of mature embryos of bread (t. aestivum) and pasta (t. durum) wheat genotypes. | the objective of the present study is to develop an efficient protocol for regeneration of transgenic wheat plants using agrobacterium- mediated transformation of mature embryos of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and tetraploid pasta wheat (triticum durum). the data indicated that embryogenic calli were formed within 7 days in the presence of 2 mgl-1 2,4-d. adventitious shoots emerged from the embryonic calli in the presence of 2 mgl-1 ba. shoot regeneration frequency varied between wh ... | 2010 | 21865876 |
| competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew. | genetically modified (gm) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. we used phytometers to study competitive interactions between gm lines of spring wheat triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. we hypothesized that competitive performance of gm lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. ... | 2011 | 22132219 |
| synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to transiently suppress different nucleus- and chloroplast-encoded proteins of higher plant chloroplasts. | selective inhibition of gene expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) is widely applied in gene function analyses; however, experiments with odns in plants are scarce. in this work, we extend the use of odns in different plant species, optimizing the uptake, stability, and efficiency of odns with a combination of molecular biological and biophysical techniques to transiently inhibit the gene expression of different chloroplast proteins. we targeted the nucleus-encoded phytoene desatu ... | 2011 | 21980174 |
| screening and identification of seed-specific genes using digital differential display tools combined with microarray data from common wheat. | wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for human beings, with seeds being the tissue of highly economic value. various morphogenetic and metabolic processes are exclusively associated with seed maturation. the goal of this study was to screen and identify genes specifically expressed in the developing seed of wheat with an integrative utilization of digital differential display (ddd) and available online microarray databases. | 2011 | 22003838 |
| changes in wheat leaf phenolome in response to cold acclimation. | a study of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves phenolome was carried out during cold acclimation of the winter (claire) and spring (bounty) varieties using a combination of hplc-esi-ms techniques. a total of 40 phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified, and consisted mainly of two coumarin derivatives, eight simple phenolic derivatives, 10 hydroxycinnamoyl amides and 20 flavonoid derivatives. identification and quantification of individual compounds were performed using an hplc system cou ... | 2011 | 21955620 |
| new broad-spectrum resistance to septoria tritici blotch derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat. | septoria tritici blotch (stb), caused by the ascomycete mycosphaerella graminicola, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. we screened five synthetic hexaploid wheats (shs), 13 wheat varieties that represent the differential set of cultivars and two susceptible checks with a global set of 20 isolates and discovered exceptionally broad stb resistance in shs. subsequent development and analyses of recombinant inbred lines (rils) from a cross between the sh m3 and the highly susce ... | 2011 | 21912855 |
| the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack): role of the binary vector system and selection cassettes. | the influence of two binary vector systems, pgreen and pcambia, on the agrobacterium-mediated transformation ability of wheat and triticale was studied. both vectors carried selection cassettes with bar or nptii driven by different promoters. two cultivars of wheat, kontesa and torka, and one cultivar of triticale, wanad, were tested. the transformation rates for the wheat cultivars ranged from 0.00 to 3.58% and from 0.00 to 6.79% for triticale. the best values for wheat were 3.58% for kontesa a ... | 2011 | 21952729 |
| molecular cloning of a new wheat calreticulin gene tacrt1 and expression analysis in plant defense responses and abiotic stress resistance. | calreticulin proteins play essential roles in regulating various metabolic processes and in molecular signal transduction in animals and plants. using homologous pcr, we screened a cdna library of the wheat resistance gene yr5 from a near-isogenic line in the susceptible common wheat variety taichung 29, which was inoculated with an incompatible race cyr32 of puccinia striiformis. we isolated a novel full-length cdna encoding calreticulin protein, which we named tacrt1. sequence analyses ... | 2011 | 22095480 |
| dominant and pleiotropic effects of a gai gene in wheat results from a lack of interaction between della and gid1. | dominance, semidominance, and recessiveness are important modes of mendelian inheritance. the phytohormone gibberellin (ga) regulates many plant growth and developmental processes. the previously cloned semidominant ga-insensitive (gai) genes reduced height1 (rht1) and rht2 in wheat (triticum aestivum) were the basis of the green revolution. however, no completely dominant gai gene has been cloned. here, we report the molecular characterization of rht-b1c, a dominant gai allele in wheat that con ... | 2011 | 22010107 |
| changes in phytohormones and fatty acids in wheat and rice seedlings in response to hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) infestation. | phytohormones and fatty acids (fas) play important roles in plant resistance to insects and pathogens. in this study, we investigated the similarities and differences in the accumulations of phytohormones and fas in the resistant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 'molly' and the nonhost rice (oryza sativa l.) 'niponbare' in responses to hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), larval attacks. using chemical ionization-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed the conc ... | 2011 | 21882708 |
| [genoprotective activities of the oils from leaves and fruits of fagus orientalis lipsky]. | the antimutagenic activities of the oils obtained from leaves and fruits of fagus orientalis have been shown in experiments with spontaneous and mutagen- and ageing-induced variability. the aberrations of chromosomes in the meristematic cells of the allium cepa l., vicia faba l., triticum aestivum l., and marrow cells of vistar rats as well as arabidopsis thaliana gene mutations have been mobilized as experimental tests. | 2011 | 21950139 |
| Developing a sustainable phytomanagement strategy for excessive selenium in western United States and India. | Phytomanagement technology is recognized as an inexpensive and environmental friendly strategy for managing natural-occurring selenium (Se) in soils and in poor quality waters. Multi-year field and greenhouse studies were conducted with different plant species in California, USA and Punjab, India under high Se growing conditions. Some of the plant species included; canola (Brassica napus), mustard (B. juncea), broccoli (B. oleracea), spearmint (Mentha viridis), sugarcane (Saccharum officcinarum) ... | 2011 | 22046761 |
| Impact of Triticum mosaic virus infection on hard winter wheat milling and bread baking quality. | BACKGROUND: Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a newly discovered wheat virus. Information regarding the effect of wheat viruses on milling and baking quality is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of TriMV infection on the kernel characteristics, milling yield and bread baking quality of wheat. Commercial hard winter varieties evaluated included RonL, Danby and Jagalene. The TriMV resistance of RonL is low, while that of Danby and Jagalene is unknown. KS96HW10-3, a ge ... | 2011 | 21969097 |
| Biodegradation of crystal violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter. | Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4C1 has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated add ... | 2011 | 22128547 |
| A second 'overexpression' allele at the Glu-B1 high-molecular-weight glutenin locus of wheat: sequence characterisation and functional effects. | Bread is one of the major constituents of the human diet and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal for bread making. The gluten proteins (glutenins and gliadins) are recognised as important components affecting the processing quality of wheat flour. In this research, we investigated a particular glutenin subunit allele in an Australian cultivar, H45. Based on protein and DNA assays, the Glu-B1 allele of H45 seems to be Glu-B1al, an allele that includes a functional duplicatio ... | 2011 | 21938472 |
| identification of novel quantitative trait loci for days to ear emergence and flag leaf glaucousness in a bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) population adapted to southern australian conditions. | in southern australia, where the climate is predominantly mediterranean, achieving the correct flowering time in bread wheat minimizes the impact of in-season cyclical and terminal drought. flag leaf glaucousness has been hypothesized as an important component of drought tolerance but its value and genetic basis in locally adapted germplasm is unknown. from a cross between kukri and rac875, a doubled-haploid (dh) population was developed. a genetic linkage map consisting of 456 dart and ssr mark ... | 2011 | 22045047 |
| identification and comparative mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) on chromosome 2bs. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. a powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate e09 at the seedling and adult stages was identified in wild emmer accession iw170 introduced from israel. an incomplete dominant gene, temporarily designated mliw170, ... | 2011 | 22170431 |
| kinetic properties of cell wall bound superoxide dismutase in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) following stripe rust (puccinia striiformis) infection. | stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) is the most devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accounting huge economical losses to the industry worldwide. hd 2329 was a widely grown wheat cultivar which had become highly susceptible to stripe rust and was used to understand the biochemical aspects of the host pathogen interaction through characterization of superoxide dismutase (sod). in the present study, two types of sod, ionically or covalently bound to the particulate frac ... | 2011 | 22165293 |
| characterization of three homoeologous cdnas encoding chloroplast-targeted aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in common wheat(f). | in the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway of higher plants, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) is metabolized by ala dehydratase (alad). here, we isolated alad1 cdna from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its diploid progenitors, and produced transgenic tobacco plants expressing the wheat alad1 gene. the alad1 genes were highly conserved among wheat relatives, and three homoeologous loci of wheat alad1 (taalad1) were equally transcribed in common wheat. a transient expression assay of a taalad1-gf ... | 2011 | 22044778 |
| A wheat homolog of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 acts in the regulation of germination. | Seed dormancy is an adaptive mechanism and an important agronomic trait. Temperature during seed development strongly affects seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum) with lower temperatures producing higher levels of seed dormancy. To identify genes important for seed dormancy, we used a wheat microarray to analyze gene expression in embryos from mature seeds grown at lower and higher temperatures. We found that a wheat homolog of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) was upregulated after physiologica ... | 2011 | 21896881 |
| the induction of mycotoxins by trichothecene producing fusarium species. | in recent years, many fusarium species have emerged which now threaten the productivity and safety of small grain cereal crops worldwide. during floral infection and post-harvest on stored grains the fusarium hyphae produce various types of harmful mycotoxins which subsequently contaminate food and feed products. this article focuses specifically on the induction and production of the type b sesquiterpenoid trichothecene mycotoxins. methods are described which permit in liquid culture the small ... | 2012 | 22183670 |
| inhibition of fusarium graminearum growth in flour gel cultures by hexane-soluble compounds from oat (avena sativa l.) flour. | fusarium head blight, incited by the fungus fusarium graminearum, primarily affects wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgarum), while oat (avena sativa) appears to be more resistant. although this has generally been attributed to the open panicle of oats, we hypothesized that a chemical component of oats might contribute to this resistance. to test this hypothesis, we created culture media made of wheat, barley, and oat flour gels (6 g of flour in 20 ml of water, gelled by autoclav ... | 2011 | 22186063 |
| a new insight into application for barley chromosome addition lines of common wheat: achievement of stigmasterol accumulation. | barley (hordeum vulgare) has a much higher content of bioactive substances than wheat (triticum aestivum). in order to investigate additive and/or synergistic effect(s) on the phytosterol content of barley chromosomes, we used a series of barley chromosome addition lines of common wheat that were produced by normal crossing. in determining the plant sterol levels in 2-week-old seedlings and dry seeds, we found that the level of stigmasterol in the barley chromosome 3 addition (3h) line in the se ... | 2011 | 21951468 |