| a rice kinase-protein interaction map. | plants uniquely contain large numbers of protein kinases, and for the vast majority of the 1,429 kinases predicted in the rice (oryza sativa) genome, little is known of their functions. genetic approaches often fail to produce observable phenotypes; thus, new strategies are needed to delineate kinase function. we previously developed a cost-effective high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system. using this system, we have generated a protein interaction map of 116 representative rice kinases and 254 ... | 2009 | 19109415 |
| hormones in the grains and roots in relation to post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in japonica/indica hybrid rice. | grain filling is usually not adequate in later-flowering inferior spikelets in japonica/indica (j/i) hybrid rice (oryza sativa) although it shows stronger hybrid vigor than indica/indica (i/i) hybrid. this study investigated the potential causes by examining changes in zeatin (z)+zeatin riboside (zr), indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), gibberellins (gas, ga(1)+ga(4)), and abscisic acid (aba) in spikelets and roots during the grain filling period. the inferior spikelets of j/i hybrid exhibited low rate ... | 2009 | 19117763 |
| overexpressed glutamine synthetase gene modifies nitrogen metabolism and abiotic stress responses in rice. | glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism; it catalyzes the critical incorporation of inorganic ammonium into glutamine. two full-length cdnas that encode the rice (oryza sativa) cytosolic glutamine synthetase1 genes (osgs1;1 and osgs1;2) were isolated from a minghui 63 normalized cdna library, and glna encoding gs in escherichia coli was isolated by pcr amplification. transformants for gs gene (gs1;1, gs1;2, and glna) in rice were produced by an agrobacterium ... | 2009 | 19123004 |
| methylobacterium phyllosphaerae sp. nov., a pink-pigmented, facultative methylotroph from the phyllosphere of rice. | a pink-pigmented, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterial strain, cbmb27t, isolated from leaf tissues of rice (oryza sativa l. 'dong-jin'), was analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a clade with the species methylobacterium oryzae, methylobacterium fujisawaense and methylobacterium mesophilicum; strain cbmb27t showed sequence similarities of 98.3, 98.5 and 97.3 %, respectively, to the type strai ... | 2009 | 19126717 |
| the plastidial 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway provides the isoprenyl moiety for protein geranylgeranylation in tobacco by-2 cells. | protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation are important posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. we visualized in transformed nicotiana tabacum bright yellow-2 (by-2) cells the geranylgeranylation and plasma membrane localization of gfp-bd-cvil, which consists of green fluorescent protein (gfp) fused to the c-terminal polybasic domain (bd) and cvil isoprenylation motif from the oryza sativa calmodulin, cam61. treatment with fosmidomycin (fos) or oxoclomazone (oc), inhibitors of t ... | 2009 | 19136647 |
| agriculture and the new challenges for photosynthesis research. | a rising human population and changing patterns of land use mean that world food production rates will need to be increased by at least 50% by 2050, a massive rise in harvestable yield per hectare of the major crops such as rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum). combinations of breeding for improved morphology-related traits such as harvest index and increased inputs of water and fertilizer, which have sustained yield increases since the 1960s, will be neither sufficient nor sustaina ... | 2009 | 19140947 |
| consensus features of microsatellite distribution: microsatellite contents are universally correlated with recombination rates and are preferentially depressed by centromeres in multicellular eukaryotic genomes. | microsatellite dna is highly polymorphic and informative, which makes its distribution pattern and its associations very valuable for marker applications and genomic research in evolution. using computational and statistical approaches, based on database technology, we have demonstrated that microsatellite content is consistently and significantly 2 to 5 fold lower than the average chromosomal level in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes of two plant species, arabidops ... | 2009 | 19146945 |
| oshsf7 gene in rice, oryza sativa l., encodes a transcription factor that functions as a high temperature receptive and responsive factor. | three novel class a genes that encode heat shock transcription factor (hsf) were cloned from oryza sativa l using a yeast hybrid method. the oshsf7 gene was found to be rapidly expressed in high levels in response to temperature, which indicates that it may be involved in heat stress reception and response. over-expression of oshsf7 in transgenic arabidopsis could not induced over the expression of most target heat stress-inducible genes of hsfs; however, the transcription of some hsf target gen ... | 2009 | 19192388 |
| antisense phenotypes reveal a functional expression of osarf1, an auxin response factor, in transgenic rice. | osarf1 is the first full-length member of auxin response factor (arf) gene family to be cloned from monocot plant. using quantitative rt-pcr this study found that, the transcript abundance of osarf1 was significantly higher in embryonic tissues than in vegetative tissues. to investigate the effect of osarf1 on the phenotype of rice, a cdna fragment of osarf1 was inserted in inverse orientation to the 35s promoter in vector pbin438 to produce an antisense (as) construction. the as-osarf1 construc ... | 2009 | 19193962 |
| different responses of two genes associated with disease resistance loci in maize (zea mays l.) to 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide. | probenazole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide, pbz) is a bactericide and fungicide that acts by inducing plant defense systems. it has been shown to induce the expression of nbs-lrr genes like rpr1 (rice probenazole-response gene) in rice (oryza sativa l.) and systemic acquired resistance (sar)-like disease resistance. two maize (zea mays l.) genes zmnbslrr1 (a nbs-lrr gene, cloned from a disease resistance analog pic11 based) and zmgc1, (a putative guanylyl cyclase-like gene) have both ... | 2009 | 19193968 |
| computational prediction of novel non-coding rnas in arabidopsis thaliana. | non-coding rna (ncrna) genes do not encode proteins but produce functional rna molecules that play crucial roles in many key biological processes. recent genome-wide transcriptional profiling studies using tiling arrays in organisms such as human and arabidopsis have revealed a great number of transcripts, a large portion of which have little or no capability to encode proteins. this unexpected finding suggests that the currently known repertoire of ncrnas may only represent a small fraction of ... | 2009 | 19208137 |
| osmt1a, a type 1 metallothionein, plays the pivotal role in zinc homeostasis and drought tolerance in rice. | metallothioneins (mts) are small, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins that may be involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification in both plants and animals. osmt1a, encoding a type 1 metallothionein, was isolated via suppression subtractive hybridization from brazilian upland rice (oryza sativa l. cv. iapar 9). expression analysis revealed that osmt1a predominantly expressed in the roots, and was induced by dehydration. interestingly, the osmt1a expression was also induced specifically by zn ... | 2009 | 19229638 |
| role of oshal3 protein, a putative 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase in rice. | in this study, we cloned the oshal3 gene from rice oryza sativa. alignment analysis revealed that oshal3 has a high sequence identity to dfp protein in escherichia coli and athal3a protein in arabidopsis thaliana, which have 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (ppc-dc) activity. oshal3 can complement mutation in the e. coli dfp gene encoding ppc-dc, so that the mutant strains with oshal3 can grow on rich media at 42 degrees c and on vb minimal media at 30 degrees c. complementation test ... | 2009 | 19232050 |
| [effects of elevated ozone on rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system]. | with rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar 3694 fan as test material, and by using open top chambers, the effects of different ozone (o3) concentration on the leaf soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system were applied. three treatments were applied, i.e., charcoal-filtered air (cf, 20 nl o3 x l(-1)), non-filtered ambient air (nf, 40 nl o3 x l(-1)), and elevated o3 (eo, 75 nl o3 x l(-1)). the results showed that there were no significant differences in the test variables betw ... | 2008 | 19238851 |
| laboratory study of vibrio cholerae o1 survival on three types of boiled rice (oryza sativa l.) held at room temperature. | this study examined whether the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 on contaminated cooked rice was influenced by the type of rice. vibrios survived unchanged on clumps of glutinous white rice (wet, grains adhered) held at room temperature for 24 h. on nonglutinous white rice (slightly moist, grains separate), 30% viable vibrios remained at 24 h. on nonglutinous brown rice (moist, separate, covered with a mucus-like substance), the number of vibrios increased 2.7-fold at 24 h. survival rates of vibri ... | 2008 | 19244898 |
| isolation and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial compound from helianthus annuus linn. | a bioactive compound with antibacterial activity was isolated and purified from the extract of leaves of sunflower, helianthus annuus. the bioactive compound was characterized using 1h and 13c nmr. the compound induced auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin in oryza sativa and phaseolus mungo. it also showed activity against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | 2008 | 19245180 |
| occurrence of d-serine in rice and characterization of rice serine racemase. | germinated, unpolished rice was found to contain a substantial amount of d-serine, with the ratio of the d-enantiomer to the l-enantiomer being higher for serine than for other amino acids. the relative amount of d-serine (d/(d+l)%) reached approximately 10% six days after germination. a putative serine racemase gene (serr, clone no. 001-110-b03) was found in chromosome 4 of the genomic dna of oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare. this was expressed as serr in escherichia coli and its ge ... | 2009 | 19249065 |
| the er chaperone lhs1 is involved in asexual development and rice infection by the blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | in planta secretion of fungal pathogen proteins, including effectors destined for the plant cell cytoplasm, is critical for disease progression. however, little is known about the endoplasmic reticulum (er) secretion mechanisms used by these pathogens. to determine if normal er function is crucial for fungal pathogenicity, magnaporthe oryzae genes encoding proteins homologous to yeast lhs1p and kar2p, members of the heat shock protein 70 family in saccharomyces cerevisiae, were cloned and charac ... | 2009 | 19252083 |
| comparative evaluation of three different extraction methods for rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic dna. | recently, more immediate and precise cultivar-identifying methods targeting the specific and/or introduced gene(s) have been put into practical use for various rice cultivars. however trustworthy and innovative the biotechnological analyses may be, dna purity and quality do have unpredictable influences upon the identification. extraction methods of rice dna have hardly ever been compared in a comprehensive manner. in this study, we investigated extraction characteristics of three methods by usi ... | 2009 | 19253951 |
| description of tylenchorhynchus qasimii sp. n. with a new report of t. kegasawaiminagawa, 1995 from pakistan. | a new stunt nematode, from soil around the roots of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) from karachi, pakistan, is described and illustrated as tylenchorhynchus qasimii n. sp. this new species is characterized by having females with 3-4 head annules, anteriorly directed stylet knobs, absence of post anal extension, presence of rounded sperm filled spermatheca and conoid to bluntly rounded hemispherical tail terminus. males are common. also included is the record of t. kegasawa ... | 2008 | 19259514 |
| a simple method for determining aphelenchoides besseyi infestation level of oryza sativa seeds. | a simple extraction method was developed for obtaining the white tip nematode, aphelenchoides besseyi christie, from single seeds of rice, oryza sativa. the method was as follows: individual rice seeds were split longitudinally and then transferred into single pipet tips. tips containing a split seed were then singly placed upright in glass vials with water to extract the nematodes. this method was more efficient than the baermann funnel technique and allowed nearly 100% recovery of living a. be ... | 1999 | 19270929 |
| effect of water-soaking and air-drying on survival of aphelenchoides besseyiinoryza sativa seeds. | several nematicides have been used to disinfest rice seeds contaminated with the white tip nematode, aphelenchoides besseyi. we measured the efficacy of a standard disinfestation treatment that consists of soaking seeds in an aqueous emulsion of fenitrothion or fenthion and subsequently air-drying the seeds. we also measured the efficacy of the same treatments but without addition of nematicide to the soak water. viability was monitored at key points during treatment. our results showed that nem ... | 2000 | 19270981 |
| suppression of a phospholipase d gene, ospldbeta1, activates defense responses and increases disease resistance in rice. | phospholipase d (pld) plays an important role in plants, including responses to abiotic as well as biotic stresses. a survey of the rice (oryza sativa) genome database indicated the presence of 17 pld genes in the genome, among which ospldalpha1, ospldalpha5, and ospldbeta1 were highly expressed in most tissues studied. to examine the physiological function of pld in rice, we made knockdown plants for each pld isoform by introducing gene-specific rna interference constructs. one of them, ospldbe ... | 2009 | 19286937 |
| investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland. | the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ... | 1987 | 19290286 |
| uridine-ribohydrolase is a key regulator in the uridine degradation pathway of arabidopsis. | nucleoside degradation and salvage are important metabolic pathways but hardly understood in plants. recent work on human pathogenic protozoans like leishmania and trypanosoma substantiates an essential function of nucleosidase activity. plant nucleosidases are related to those from protozoans and connect the pathways of nucleoside degradation and salvage. here, we describe the cloning of such an enzyme from arabidopsis thaliana, uridine-ribohydrolase 1 (urh1) and the characterization by complem ... | 2009 | 19293370 |
| occurrence of aphelenchoides besseyi in louisiana rice seed and its interaction with sclerotium oryzae in selected cultivars. | aphelenchoides besseyi, the nematode causal agent of white-tip disease of rice, was recovered from 5.5% of 474 seed samples obtained from rice seed warehouses in louisiana. laboratory tests in which a. besseyi-infested rice seed was treated with phostoxin(r), a compound used for control of insects in stored grain, indicate that it also has nematicidal properties. in 18-week-duration greenhouse tests, populations of a. besseyi increased 4-5-fold on the cultivars saturn and melrose and 3-fold on n ... | 1984 | 19295876 |
| rice virescent3 and stripe1 encoding the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase are required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development. | the virescent3 (v3) and stripe1 (st1) mutants in rice (oryza sativa) produce chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. they are temperature-conditional mutants that produce bleached leaves at a constant 20 degrees c or 30 degrees c but almost green leaves under diurnal 30 degrees c/20 degrees c conditions. here, we show v3 and st1, which encode the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase (rnr), rnrl1, and rnrs1, respectively. rnr regulates the rate ... | 2009 | 19297585 |
| the domestication process and domestication rate in rice: spikelet bases from the lower yangtze. | the process of rice domestication occurred in the lower yangtze region of zhejiang, china, between 6900 and 6600 years ago. archaeobotanical evidence from the site of tianluoshan shows that the proportion of nonshattering domesticated rice (oryza sativa) spikelet bases increased over this period from 27% to 39%. over the same period, rice remains increased from 8% to 24% of all plant remains, which suggests an increased consumption relative to wild gathered foods. in addition, an assemblage of a ... | 2009 | 19299619 |
| the molecular biology of seasonal flowering-responses in arabidopsis and the cereals. | in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), flowering locus t (ft) and flowering locus c (flc) play key roles in regulating seasonal flowering-responses to synchronize flowering with optimal conditions. ft is a promoter of flowering activated by long days and by warm conditions. flc represses ft to delay flowering until plants experience winter. | 2009 | 19304997 |
| efficient in vitro plant regeneration via leaf base segments of indica rice (oryza sativa l.). | a reliable and reproducible protocol has been developed for high frequency plant regeneration from 4-5 mm long leaf base segments of 4 days old in vitro germinated seedlings of indica rice (oryza sativa) cultivar rasi. the effect of age of seedlings, position of leaf base segments and optimum concentration of 2,4-d on callus induction frequency was investigated with a future aim to use leaf bases for biolistic and agrobacterium-mediated transformation experiments. friable, nodular and white to p ... | 2009 | 19317355 |
| saturation and comparative mapping of the genomic region harboring hessian fly resistance gene h26 in wheat. | resistance gene h26, derived from aegilops tauschii coss., is one of the most effective r genes against the hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)], an important pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). using a limited number of pcr-based molecular markers a previous study mapped h26 to the wheat chromosomal deletion bin 3dl3-0.81-1.00. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring h26 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the collinearity of th ... | 2009 | 19322558 |
| one novel mitochondrial citrate synthase from oryza sativa l. can enhance aluminum tolerance in transgenic tobacco. | rice exhibits the greatest aluminum (al) tolerance compared with other cereals such as wheat, barley, maize, etc. a full-length gene, oscs1, encoding citrate synthase, which is highly induced by aluminum toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.), was isolated. sequence analysis and the sub-cellular localization of oscs1 in yeast revealed that it is a mitochondrial citrate synthase. oscs1 was induced by al toxicity. several independent transgenic tobacco lines expressing oscs 1 exhibited increased citra ... | 2009 | 19326262 |
| phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, and expression patterns of rpd3/hda1 family histone deacetylases in plants. | although histone deacetylases from model organisms have been previously identified, there is no clear basis for the classification of histone deacetylases under the rpd3/hda1 superfamily, particularly on plants. thus, this study aims to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree to determine evolutionary relationships between rpd3/hda1 histone deacetylases from six different plants representing dicots with arabidopsis thaliana, populus trichocarpa, and pinus taeda, monocots with oryza sativa and zea mays, ... | 2009 | 19327164 |
| lysobacter oryzae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.). | the taxonomic position of a novel bacterial strain, yc6269(t), isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.) managed under no-tillage practice in jinju, south korea, was studied using polyphasic approach. cells of the strain were gram-negative, rod-shaped and facultatively anaerobic. the novel strain grew at a temperature of 15-42 degrees c (optimum at 28 degrees c). growth of the strain occurred between ph 5.5 and 11.0, with an optimum at ph 7.0-8.0. the g+c content of the total dna w ... | 2009 | 19329586 |
| soil salinity and exchangeable cations in a wastewater irrigated area, india. | the salinity and cation composition of water and soil were documented in a large (98 km(2)) wastewater-irrigated area (wia) downstream of hyderabad, india. the wastewater, which flows in a river that passes through the city, had a high to very high salinity hazard (ec = 1.1-3.0 ds m(-1)) that increased with distance from the city. the ec of soil irrigated by wastewater sampled within 8 km of the city was 6.2 to 8.4 times the ec of soil irrigated by uncontaminated groundwater. between 57 to 100% ... | 2009 | 19329677 |
| assessment of gene flow from a herbicide-resistant indica rice (oryza sativa l.) to the costa rican weedy rice (oryza sativa) in tropical america: factors affecting hybridization rates and characterization of f1 hybrids. | herbicide-resistant rice cultivars allow selective weed control. a glufosinate indica rice has been developed locally. however, there is concern about weedy rice becoming herbicide resistant through gene flow. therefore, assessment of gene flow from indica rice cultivars to weedy rice is crucial in tropical america. a field trial mimicking crop-weed growing patterns was established to assess the rate of hybridization between a costa rican glufosinate-resistant rice line (ppt-r) and 58 weedy rice ... | 2009 | 19330532 |
| codon usage bias is correlated with gene expression levels in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. | usage of synonymous codons represents a characteristic pattern of preference in each organism. it has been inferred that such bias of codon usage has evolved as a result of adaptation for efficient synthesis of proteins. here we examined synonymous codon usage in genes of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe, and compared codon usage bias with expression levels of the gene. in this organism, synonymous codon usage bias was correlated with expression levels of the gene; the bias was most o ... | 2009 | 19335619 |
| expression of an elicitor-encoding gene from magnaporthe grisea enhances resistance against blast disease in transgenic rice. | elicitors are molecules that stimulate defense responses in plants. previously, an elicitor-encoding gene, named pemg1, was isolated from magnaporthe grisea. to assess the function of pemg1 in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare), the gene was cloned under a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter and introduced into nipponbare cultivar. the resultant plants showed stable integration and constitutive expression of the pemg1 gene. the expression of defense-related gene for phenylalanine ammonia-ly ... | 2009 | 19337737 |
| timing and biosynthetic potential for carotenoid accumulation in genetically diverse germplasm of maize. | enhancement of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in food crops benefits human health and adds commercial value of natural food colorants. however, predictable metabolic engineering or breeding is limited by the incomplete understanding of endogenous pathway regulation, including rate-controlling steps and timing of expression in carotenogenic tissues. the grass family (poaceae) contains major crop staples, including maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sor ... | 2009 | 19346441 |
| plant proteomics update (2007-2008): second-generation proteomic techniques, an appropriate experimental design, and data analysis to fulfill miape standards, increase plant proteome coverage and expand biological knowledge. | this review is the continuation of three previously published articles [jorrin jv, maldonado am, castillejo ma. plant proteome analysis: a 2006 update. proteomics 2007; 7: 2947-2962; rossignol m, peltier jb, mock hp, matros a, maldonado am, jorrin jv. plant proteome analysis: a 2004-2006 update. proteomics 2006; 6: 5529-5548; canovas fm, dumas-gaudot e, recorbet g, jorrin j, mock hp, rossignol m. plant proteome analysis. proteomics 2004; 4: 285-298] and aims to update the contribution of proteom ... | 2009 | 19367730 |
| antioxidant activity of commonly consumed cereals, millets, pulses and legumes in india. | plant foods are important due to their antioxidant activity (aoa) attributed to the phenolics which are known to protect organisms against harmful effects of oxygen radicals. however, information on antioxidant activity of indian plant foods is scanty. therefore, the present study evaluated the aoa of cereals, millets, pulses and legumes, commonly consumed in india and assessed the relationship with their total phenolic content (tpc). aoa was assessed by dpph (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) rad ... | 2009 | 19374263 |
| disruption of osysl15 leads to iron inefficiency in rice plants. | uptake and translocation of metal nutrients are essential processes for plant growth. graminaceous species release phytosiderophores that bind to fe(3+); these complexes are then transported across the plasma membrane. we have characterized osysl15, one of the rice (oryza sativa) ys1-like (ysl) genes that are strongly induced by iron (fe) deficiency. the osysl15 promoter fusion to beta-glucuronidase showed that it was expressed in all root tissues when fe was limited. in low-fe leaves, the promo ... | 2009 | 19376836 |
| a mobile secretory vesicle cluster involved in mass transport from the golgi to the plant cell exterior. | secretory proteins and extracellular glycans are transported to the extracellular space during cell growth. these materials are carried in secretory vesicles generated at the trans-golgi network (tgn). analysis of the mammalian post-golgi secretory pathway demonstrated the movement of separated secretory vesicles in the cell. using secretory carrier membrane protein 2 (scamp2) as a marker for secretory vesicles and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) by-2 cell as a model cell, we characterized the trans ... | 2009 | 19376937 |
| ectopic expression of a rice protein phosphatase 2c gene osbipp2c2 in tobacco improves disease resistance. | protein phosphatase 2cs (pp2cs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulation of plant growth/development, abscisic acid signaling pathway and adaptation to environmental stresses. here we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a novel rice protein phosphatase 2c gene, osbipp2c2 (oryza sativa l. bth-induced protein phosphatase 2c 2). osbipp2c2 has three alternatively spliced transcripts and the largest transcript osbipp2c2a encodes a 380 aa protein containing all 11 c ... | 2009 | 19381642 |
| a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based assay for indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase. | indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) amide conjugates play an important role in balancing levels of free iaa in plant cells. the gh3 family of proteins conjugates free iaa with various amino acids. for example, auxin levels modulate expression of the oryza sativa (rice) gh3-8 protein, which acts to prevent iaa accumulation by coupling the hormone to aspartate. to examine the kinetic properties of the enzyme, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) assay system. bacterially ... | 2009 | 19393612 |
| predictions of spatially averaged cadmium contents in rice grains in the fuyang valley, p.r. china. | soils in the fuyang valley (zhejiang province, southeast china) have been contaminated by heavy metals. since rice (oryza sativa l.) is the dominant crop in the valley and because of its tendency to accumulate cd in its grains, assessment of the human health risk resulting from consumption of locally produced rice is needed. in this study, we used a regression model to predict the average cd content in rice grains for paddy fields. the multiple linear model for log(cd) content in rice grains wit ... | 2009 | 19398510 |
| identification of elicitor-responsive proteins in rice leaves by a proteomic approach. | experiments were conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants after treatment with the glycoprotein elicitor csb i, purified from zc(13), a race of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. the interactions of two near isogenic lines of rice, c101a51 and co39, with zc(13) resulted in completely incompatible and compatible types, respectively. proteins were extracted from rice leaves at 12 and 24 h after treatment with csb i. temporal changes in tot ... | 2009 | 19405028 |
| multiple alleles at early flowering 1 locus making variation in the basic vegetative growth period in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a recently established rice breeding program in low latitudes aims to develop varieties with extremely long basic vegetative growth (bvg) periods and weak photoperiod sensitivities. the taiwanese japonica variety taichung 65 (t65) harbors a recessive allele ef1 at the ef1 (early flowering 1) locus, thereby exhibiting an extremely long bvg period. the previous reported functional allele ehd1 (early heading date 1), located on chromosome 10, encodes a b-type response regulator, thereby shortening ... | 2009 | 19407983 |
| osmsra4.1 and osmsrb1.1, two rice plastidial methionine sulfoxide reductases, are involved in abiotic stress responses. | in proteins, methionine residues are especially sensitive to oxidation, leading to the formation of s- and r-methionine sulfoxide diastereoisomers, and these two methionine sulfoxides can be specifically reversed by two types of methionine sulfoxide reductases (msrs), msra and msrb. previously, we have identified a gene encoding a putative msr from nacl-treated roots of brazilian upland rice (oryza sativa l. cv. iapar 9) via subtractive suppression hybridization (wu et al. in plant sci 168:847-8 ... | 2009 | 19415325 |
| potential gene flow from transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) to different weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) accessions based on reproductive compatibility. | the possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. the potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (wr1-wr5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. | 2009 | 19418443 |
| selective bactericidal potential of rice (oryza sativa l. var. japonica) hull extract on microcystis strains in comparison with green algae and zooplankton. | we examined the selective inhibitory potential of rice hull extract on the toxic cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa, in comparison with inhibitory effects on two green algae (ankistrodesmus convolutus and scenedesmus quadricauda) and a zooplankton (daphnia magna) species. the inhibitory effect of rice hull extract, measured by algal growth or zooplankton survival using four different concentrations of extract (1, 10, 100 and 1000 microg l(-1)), was highest on microcystis strains (average: 98% ... | 2009 | 19434356 |
| suppressed expression of retrograde-regulated male sterility restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants. | conflict/reconciliation between mitochondria and nuclei in plants is manifested by the fate of pollen (viable or nonviable) in the cytoplasmic male sterility (cms)/fertility restoration (rf) system. through positional cloning, we identified a nuclear candidate gene, retrograde-regulated male sterility (rms) for rf17, a fertility restorer gene for chinese wild rice (cw)-type cms in rice (oryza sativa l.). rna interference-mediated gene silencing of rms restored fertility to a cms plant, whereas i ... | 2009 | 19458265 |
| population structure and association mapping on chromosome 7 using a diverse panel of chinese germplasm of rice (oryza sativa l.). | the majority of 170 rice accessions used in this study were diverse landraces or varieties from a putative mini-core collection of chinese germplasm along with some widely used parental lines in genetic analysis or breeding (a few from abroad). the population was genotyped using 84 ssr or indel markers on chromosome 7 and 48 markers on other chromosomes. the phenotyping of heading date, plant height and panicle length were carried out in different locations for 2 years. based on morphological ch ... | 2009 | 19458933 |
| orymold: ontology based gene expression data integration and analysis tool applied to rice. | integration and exploration of data obtained from genome wide monitoring technologies has become a major challenge for many bioinformaticists and biologists due to its heterogeneity and high dimensionality. a widely accepted approach to solve these issues has been the creation and use of controlled vocabularies (ontologies). ontologies allow for the formalization of domain knowledge, which in turn enables generalization in the creation of querying interfaces as well as in the integration of hete ... | 2009 | 19463186 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana putative sialyltransferase resides in the golgi apparatus but lacks the ability to transfer sialic acid. | a common feature of the animal sialyltransferases (sts) is the presence of four conserved motifs, namely large (l), small (s), very small (vs) and motif iii. although sialic acid (sa) has not been detected in plants, three orthologues containing sequences similar to the st motifs have been identified in the arabidopsis thaliana l. database. in this study, we report that the at3g48820 gene (gene id: 824043) codes for a golgi resident protein lacking the ability to transfer sa to asialofetuin or g ... | 2009 | 19470101 |
| mer3 is required for normal meiotic crossover formation, but not for presynaptic alignment in rice. | mer3, a zmm protein, is required for the formation of crossovers in saccharomyces cerevisiae and arabidopsis. here, mer3, the first identified zmm gene in a monocot, is characterized by map-based cloning in rice (oryza sativa). the null mutation of mer3 results in complete sterility without any vegetative defects. cytological analyses show that chiasma frequency is reduced dramatically in mer3 mutants and the remaining chiasmata distribute randomly among different pollen mother cells, implying p ... | 2009 | 19470578 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with cry1c*-free endosperm. | yellow stem borer (tryporyza incertulas walker), striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. in this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. the resistant gene, cry1c*, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ... | 2009 | 19479952 |
| evaluation of soil characteristics potentially affecting arsenic concentration in paddy rice (oryza sativa l.). | paddy rice may contribute considerably to the human intake of as. the knowledge of soil characteristics affecting the as content of the rice plant enables the development of agricultural measures for controlling as uptake. during field surveys in 2004 and 2006, plant samples from 68 fields (italy, po-area) revealed markedly differing as concentration in polished rice. the soil factors total as(aqua regia), ph, grain size fractions, total c, plant available p(cal), poorly crystalline fe(oxal.) an ... | 2009 | 19482396 |
| diversity in expression patterns and functional properties in the rice hkt transporter family. | plant growth under low k(+) availability or salt stress requires tight control of k(+) and na(+) uptake, long-distance transport, and accumulation. the family of membrane transporters named hkt (for high-affinity k(+) transporters), permeable either to k(+) and na(+) or to na(+) only, is thought to play major roles in these functions. whereas arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) possesses a single hkt transporter, involved in na(+) transport in vascular tissues, a larger number of hkt transporters ... | 2009 | 19482918 |
| glycinebetaine-induced water-stress tolerance in coda-expressing transgenic indica rice is associated with up-regulation of several stress responsive genes. | rice (oryza sativa l.), a non-accumulator of glycinebetaine (gb), is highly susceptible to abiotic stress. transgenic rice with chloroplast-targeted choline oxidase encoded by the coda gene from arthrobacter globiformis has been evaluated for inheritance of transgene up to r5 generation and water-stress tolerance. during seedling, vegetative and reproductive stages, transgenic plants could maintain higher activity of photosystem ii and they show better physiological performance, for example, enh ... | 2009 | 19490479 |
| mucilaginibacter oryzae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy. | a gram-negative-staining, non-spore-forming bacterium devoid of flagella, designated strain b9(t), was isolated from rice paddy soil associated with the roots of oryza sativa collected from jinju, south korea. cells were straight rods, were catalase- and oxidase-positive and were able to hydrolyse pectin, xylan and laminarin. growth of strain b9(t) was observed between 15 and 35 degrees c (optimum 25-30 degrees c) and between ph 5.0 and 8.0 (optimum ph 6.5-7.5). strain b9(t) contained menaquinon ... | 2009 | 19502333 |
| identification of a new rice blast resistance gene, pid3, by genomewide comparison of paired nucleotide-binding site--leucine-rich repeat genes and their pseudogene alleles between the two sequenced rice genomes. | rice blast, caused by magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases. the two major subspecies of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), indica and japonica, have shown obvious differences in rice blast resistance, but the genomic basis that underlies the difference is not clear. we performed a genomewide comparison of the major class of resistant gene family, the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) gene family, between 93-11 (indica) and nipponbare (japonica) wi ... | 2009 | 19506306 |
| effect of organic selenium supplementation on growth, se uptake, and nutrient utilization in guinea pigs. | forty weaned male guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) of 152.6 +/- 7.96 g mean body weight were divided into four equal groups and fed a common basal diet comprised of 25% ground cowpea (vigna unguiculata) hay, 30% ground maize (zea mays) grain, 22% ground gram (cicer arietinum) grain, 9.5% deoiled rice (oryza sativa) bran, 6% soybean (glycine max) meal, 6% fish meal, 1.5% mineral mixture (without se), and ascorbic acid at 200 mg/kg to meet their nutrient requirements along with 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 p ... | 2010 | 19506806 |
| the cell death factor, cell wall elicitor of rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) causes metabolic alterations including gaba shunt in rice cultured cells. | an elicitor derived from the cell wall of rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) causes cell death in suspension cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa l.). to elucidate the role of m. grisea elicitor on metabolic pathway of rice cells, we performed metabolite profiling using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (ce/ms). treatment with m. grisea elicitor increased the amounts of antioxidants and free amino acids and decreased the amount of metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. ... | 2008 | 19513197 |
| root uv-b sensitive2 acts with root uv-b sensitive1 in a root ultraviolet b-sensing pathway. | ultraviolet b light (uv-b; 280-320 nm) perception and signaling are well-known phenomena in plants, although no specific uv-b photoreceptors have yet been identified. we previously reported on the root uv-b sensitive1 (rus1) mutants in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), which display a block to development under very-low-fluence-rate uv-b (<0.1 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) after the seedling emerges from the seed. here, we report the analysis and cloning of the rus2-1 mutation in arabidopsis. the phenoty ... | 2009 | 19515790 |
| a cell wall-degrading esterase of xanthomonas oryzae requires a unique substrate recognition module for pathogenesis on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice (oryza sativa). lipa is a secretory virulence factor of xoo, implicated in degradation of rice cell walls and the concomitant elicitation of innate immune responses, such as callose deposition and programmed cell death. here, we present the high-resolution structural characterization of lipa that reveals an all-helical ligand binding module as a distinct functional attachment to the canonical hydrolase catalyti ... | 2009 | 19525415 |
| cloning of a high-affinity k+ transporter gene puthkt2;1 from puccinellia tenuiflora and its functional comparison with oshkt2;1 from rice in yeast and arabidopsis. | a high-affinity k+ transporter puthkt2;1 cdna was isolated from the salt-tolerant plant puccinellia tenuiflora. expression of puthkt2;1 was induced by both 300 mm nacl and k+-starvation stress in roots, but only slightly regulated by those stresses in shoots. puthkt2;1 transcript levels in 300 mm nacl were doubled by the depletion of potassium. yeast transformed with puthkt2;1, like those transformed with phahkt2;1 from salt-tolerant reed plants (phragmites australis), (i) were able to take up k ... | 2009 | 19528529 |
| evidence-based gene predictions in plant genomes. | automated evidence-based gene building is a rapid and cost-effective way to provide reliable gene annotations on newly sequenced genomes. one of the limitations of evidence-based gene builders, however, is their requirement for transcriptional evidence-known proteins, full-length cdnas, or expressed sequence tags (ests)-in the species of interest. this limitation is of particular concern for plant genomes, where the rate of genome sequencing is greatly outpacing the rate of est- and cdna-sequenc ... | 2009 | 19541913 |
| the rice aquaporin lsi1 mediates uptake of methylated arsenic species. | pentavalent methylated arsenic (as) species such as monomethylarsonic acid [mma(v)] and dimethylarsinic acid [dma(v)] are used as herbicides or pesticides, and can also be synthesized by soil microorganisms or algae through as methylation. the mechanism of mma(v) and dma(v) uptake remains unknown. recent studies have shown that arsenite is taken up by rice (oryza sativa) roots through two silicon transporters, lsi1 (the aquaporin nip2;1) and lsi2 (an efflux carrier). here we investigated whether ... | 2009 | 19542298 |
| genotypic variation in element concentrations in brown rice from yunnan landraces in china. | the mineral elements present in brown rice play an important physiological role in global human health. we investigated genotypic variation of eight of these elements (p, k, ca, mg, fe, zn, cu, and mn) in 11 different grades of brown rice on the basis of the number and distance coefficients of 282 alleles for 20 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. six-hundred and twenty-eight landraces from the same field in yunnan province, one of the largest centers of genetic diversity of rice (oryza sativa ... | 2010 | 19554457 |
| enzymatic synthesis of bis-5-alkylresorcinols by resorcinol-producing type iii polyketide synthases. | no enzyme systems responsible for the biosynthesis of structurally and biosynthetically intriguing bis-5-alkylresorcinols produced by plants have been identified. herein, we show that bacterial, fungal and plant alkylresorcinol-producing type iii polyketide synthases (pkss), such as arsb in the gram-negative bacterium azotobacter vinelandii, oras in the fungus neurospora crassa and aras2 in the rice plant oryza sativa, can synthesize bis-5-alkylresorcinol from alkanedioic acid n-acetylcysteamine ... | 2009 | 19557027 |
| osmads50 and osmads56 function antagonistically in regulating long day (ld)-dependent flowering in rice. | in much of the tropics and subtropics, rice (oryza sativa l.) is grown under long days (lds). therefore, ld must play a major role in inducing flowering signal in rice. however, little is known on ld-dependent flowering signal in the species. we previously reported that osmads50, which is highly homologous to arabidopsis soc1, functions as a positive regulator for flowering. however, its detailed photoperiodic mechanism was not yet elucidated. here, we report the functional analysis of osmads50 ... | 2009 | 19558411 |
| identification and characterization of maize and barley lsi2-like silicon efflux transporters reveals a distinct silicon uptake system from that in rice. | silicon (si) uptake has been extensively examined in rice (oryza sativa), but it is poorly understood in other gramineous crops. we identified low silicon rice 2 (lsi2)-like si efflux transporters from two important gramineous crops: maize (zea mays) and barley (hordeum vulgare). both maize and barley lsi2 expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes showed si efflux transport activity. furthermore, barley lsi2 was able to recover si uptake in a rice mutant defective in si efflux. maize and barley lsi2 w ... | 2009 | 19574435 |
| structural and enzymatic characterization of os3bglu6, a rice beta-glucosidase hydrolyzing hydrophobic glycosides and (1->3)- and (1->2)-linked disaccharides. | glycoside hydrolase family 1 (gh1) beta-glucosidases play roles in many processes in plants, such as chemical defense, alkaloid metabolism, hydrolysis of cell wall-derived oligosaccharides, phytohormone regulation, and lignification. however, the functions of most of the 34 gh1 gene products in rice (oryza sativa) are unknown. os3bglu6, a rice beta-glucosidase representing a previously uncharacterized phylogenetic cluster of gh1, was produced in recombinant escherichia coli. os3bglu6 hydrolyzed ... | 2009 | 19587102 |
| genomic resources of magnaporthe oryzae (gromo): a comprehensive and integrated database on rice blast fungus. | magnaporthe oryzae, rice blast fungus, is the most devastating pathogen of rice. it has emerged as a model phytopathogen for the study of host-pathogen interactions. a large body of data has been generated on different aspects of biology of this fungus and on host-pathogen interactions. however, most of the data is scattered and is not available as a single resource for researchers in this field. | 2009 | 19604367 |
| diazinon resistance in different selected strains of chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in northern iran. | asiatic rice borer, chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a cosmopolitan and destructive pest in rice fields of the world. this pest was reported in 1973 in iran, and it has since spread widely in rice, oryza sativa l., fields throughout the country. in this study, we tried to evaluate comparative toxicity of diazinon in five colonies of c. suppressalis, collected from babol (ba), amol (am) of mazandaran province and rasht (ra), sheikhmahale (sh), and gourabzarmikh (go) of gui ... | 2009 | 19610437 |
| over-expression of the rice lrk1 gene improves quantitative yield components. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), the number of panicles, spikelets per panicle and grain weight are important components of grain yield. these characteristics are controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtls) and are derived from variation inherent in crops. as a result of the complex genetic basis of these traits, only a few genes involved in their control have been cloned and characterized. we have previously map-cloned a gene cluster including eight leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (lrk) gen ... | 2009 | 19619185 |
| arenimonas oryziterrae sp. nov., isolated from a field of rice (oryza sativa l.) managed under a no-tillage regime, and reclassification of aspromonas composti as arenimonas composti comb. nov. | the taxonomic position of a novel bacterial strain, yc6267(t) isolated from a field of rice (oryza sativa l.) managed under a no-tillage regime in jinju, korea, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. cells of the strain were gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic. it grew at 15-37 degrees c (optimum at 28 degrees c). growth of the strain occurred between ph 5.0 and 10.0, with an optimum of ph 7.0-8.0. the g+c content of the total dna was 65.8 mol%. the 16s rrna gene sequence of ... | 2009 | 19628604 |
| gynumella flava gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.) managed under a no-tillage regime. | a bacterial strain designated yc6842t, isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.) managed under no-tillage practice in jinju, korea, was characterized using polyphasic taxonomic approach. cells of the strain were gram-negatively stained, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by multiple polar flagella. it grew at a temperature of 20 to 40 degrees c (optimum at 28 degrees c). growth occurred between ph 6.0 and 10.0, with an optimum of ph 7.0-8.0. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene ... | 2010 | 19643896 |
| genetic structure and differentiation of oryza sativa l. in china revealed by microsatellites. | china is one of the largest centers of genetic diversity of oryza sativa l. in the world. using a genetically representative primary core collection of 3,024 rice landraces in china, we analyzed the genetic structure and intraspecific differentiation of o. sativa, and the directional evolution of ssr. the genetic structure was investigated by model-based structure analysis and construction of neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. comparison between genetic structure and predefined populations acco ... | 2009 | 19649611 |
| production of ascaris suum as14 protein and its fusion protein with cholera toxin b subunit in rice seeds. | plants are attractive vaccine production and oral delivery systems. cereals are excellent candidate for edible vaccines, which can express and store high levels of proteins for extended periods of time without degradation. in this study, we produced a 14-kda protective surface antigen of ascaris suum l3 larvae and its fusion chimera with a mucosal carrier molecule cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) in rice (oryza sativa l.) under the control of the endosperm-specific glutelin-b promoter. we found tha ... | 2009 | 19652493 |
| actinophytocola oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the roots of thai glutinous rice plants, a new member of the family pseudonocardiaceae. | a novel endophytic actinomycete, strain gmku 367(t), was isolated from roots of thai glutinous rice plants (oryza sativa l. 'rd6') collected from pathum thani rice research center, pathum thani province, thailand. strain gmku 367(t) formed cylindrical spores on aerial mycelium, but sporangium-like structures and fragmentation of substrate mycelium were not observed. the cell-wall amino acids contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid and acetylated muramic acid. the whole-cell su ... | 2010 | 19666784 |
| paenibacillus hunanensis sp. nov., isolated from rice seeds. | four gram-stain-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains fel05(t), fel11, fek19 and fek21, were isolated from seeds of hybrid rice (oryza sativa l. jinyou 611), and their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the four strains were members of the genus paenibacillus. they showed 95.4 % sequence similarity or less with strains of othe ... | 2010 | 19667385 |
| selection on grain shattering genes and rates of rice domestication. | molecular cloning of major quantitative trait loci (qtls) responsible for the reduction of rice grain shattering, a hallmark of cereal domestication, provided opportunities for in-depth investigation of domestication processes. here, we studied nucleotide variation at the shattering loci, sh4 and qsh1, for cultivated rice, oryza sativa ssp. indica and oryza sativa ssp. japonica, and the wild progenitors, oryza nivara andoryza rufipogon. the nonshattering sh4 allele was fixed in all rice cultivar ... | 2009 | 19674325 |
| novel phr1 mutations and the evolution of phenol reaction variation in us weedy rice (oryza sativa). | *red rice, a major agricultural weed, is phenotypically diverse and possesses traits that are similar to both wild and cultivated rice. the genetic resources available for rice make it possible to examine the molecular basis and evolution of traits characterizing this weed. here, we assess the phenol reaction - a classical trait for distinguishing among cultivated rice varieties - in red rice at the phenotypic and molecular levels. *we phenotyped more than 100 us weed samples for the phenol reac ... | 2009 | 19674331 |
| organophosphorus pesticide residues in milled rice (oryza sativa) on the chinese market and dietary risk assessment. | the present study investigates the occurrence of acetylcholinesterase (ache)-inhibiting organophosphorus (op) pesticide residues in milled rice samples obtained form local markets in china during the period 2004-2006 and estimates their cumulative exposure. concentrations of op pesticides were determined by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (gc-fpd). the results showed that 9.3% of the samples contained detectable residues of at least one of the seven target op pesticides (chlo ... | 2009 | 19680907 |
| direct induced resistance in oryza sativa to spodoptera frugiperda. | rice, oryza sativa, is the most important staple food for a significant portion of the world's population. despite the importance of rice, however, induced resistance to insects has not been thoroughly studied in rice; in fact, to our knowledge, direct induced resistance after injury by chewing insects has not been shown in rice. we conducted a series of experiments designed to characterize direct induced resistance in rice after feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda j. e ... | 2009 | 19689897 |
| seasonal changes in supercooling points and glycerol content in overwintering larvae of the asiatic rice borer from rice and water-oat plants. | the asiatic rice borer chilo suppressalis (walker) occurs mainly on rice oryza sativa l. and water-oat zizania latifolia (turcz). certain ecological and physiological differentiations between rice and water-oat populations have been shown. to determine whether there is host-associated differentiation in supercooling capacity, seasonal changes in supercooling points, glycerol content, and other physiological parameters of naturally occurring c. suppressalis larvae overwintering in rice and water- ... | 2009 | 19689898 |
| protein-protein interactions of tandem affinity purified protein kinases from rice. | eighty-eight rice (oryza sativa) cdnas encoding rice leaf expressed protein kinases (pks) were fused to a tandem affinity purification tag (tap-tag) and expressed in transgenic rice plants. the tap-tagged pks and interacting proteins were purified from the t1 progeny of the transgenic rice plants and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. forty-five tap-tagged pks were recovered in this study and thirteen of these were found to interact with other rice proteins with a high probability score. in ... | 2009 | 19690613 |
| expression of a plant defensin in rice confers resistance to fungal phytopathogens. | transgenic rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pusa basmati 1), overexpressing the rs-afp2 defensin gene from the raphanus sativus was generated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. expression levels of rs-afp2 ranged from 0.45 to 0.53% of total soluble protein in transgenic plants. it was observed that constitutive expression of rs-afp2 suppresses the growth of magnaporthe oryzae and rhizoctonia solani by 77 and 45%, respectively. no effect on plant morphology was observed in the rs-afp2 ... | 2010 | 19690975 |
| a pair of allelic wrky genes play opposite roles in rice-bacteria interactions. | although allelic diversity of genes has been reported to play important roles in different physiological processes, information on allelic diversity of defense-responsive genes in host-pathogen interactions is limited. here, we report that a pair of allelic genes, oswrky45-1 and oswrky45-2, which encode proteins with a 10-amino acid difference, play opposite roles in rice (oryza sativa) resistance against bacterial pathogens. bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo), bacteri ... | 2009 | 19700558 |
| systematic identification of x1-homologous genes reveals a family involved in stress responses in rice. | x1-homologous genes (xhs) encode plant-specific proteins containing three major domains (xh, xs, zf-xs), but their functions are largely unknown. we report the systematic identification and characterization of xhs genes in the rice genome. eleven putative xhs protein sequences (oxhs1-11) were identified in the sequenced genome of oryza sativa japonica cv. nipponbare, and these sequences, along with other plant xhs homologues, were classified into five subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. di ... | 2009 | 19701685 |
| expression of a rice dreb1 gene, osdreb1d, enhances cold and high-salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | osdreb1d, a special dreb (dehydration responsive element binding protein) homologous gene, whose transcripts cannot be detected in rice (oryza sativa l), either with or without stress treatments, was amplified from the rice genome dna. the yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that osdreb1d was able to form a complex with the dehydration responsive element/c-repeat motif. it can also bind with a sequence of ltre (low temperature responsive element). to analyze the function of osdreb1d, the gene was tr ... | 2009 | 19712584 |
| involvement of s-adenosylmethionine-dependent halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) in methyl halide emissions from agricultural plants: isolation and characterization of an htmt-coding gene from raphanus sativus (daikon radish). | biogenic emissions of methyl halides (ch3cl, ch3br and ch3i) are the major source of these compounds in the atmosphere; however, there are few reports about the halide profiles and strengths of these emissions. halide ion methyltransferase (hmt) and halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) enzymes concerning these emissions have been purified and characterized from several organisms including marine algae, fungi, and higher plants; however, the correlation between emission profiles of methyl halide ... | 2009 | 19723322 |
| effect of planting date on lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (coleoptera: curculionidae) density-yield relationship on rice in southeastern texas. | results of planting date and insecticide efficacy experiments targeting lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel (coleoptera: curculionidae) on rice, oryza sativa l., in southeastern texas between 2002 and 2007 were used to determine density-yield relationships as a function of planting date. soil core samples were collected on two dates during main crop development to estimate immature l. oryzophilus populations followed by main and ratoon crop harvests. analysis of covariance (ancova) revealed that p ... | 2009 | 19736766 |
| hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) interactions with barley, rice, and wheat seedlings. | a choice test revealed that hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), adults deposited approximately 3 times more eggs on wheat (triticum spp.), seedlings than on barley (hordeum spp.) or rice, oryza sativa l., seedlings. on a barley seedling, 49.4% of eggs were deposited on either the abaxial leaf surface or the coleoptile and first leaf sheath (c&fls), where newly hatched larvae die due to their inability to migrate into the interspace between leaf sheaths. in compariso ... | 2009 | 19736782 |
| on automatic bioacoustic detection of pests: the cases of rhynchophorus ferrugineus and sitophilus oryzae. | the present work reports research efforts toward development and evaluation of a unified framework for automatic bioacoustic recognition of specific insect pests. our approach is based on capturing and automatically recognizing the acoustic emission resulting from typical behaviors, e.g., locomotion and feeding, of the target pests. after acquisition the signals are amplified, filtered, parameterized, and classified by advanced machine learning methods on a portable computer. specifically, we in ... | 2009 | 19736784 |
| characterization of a pollen-preferential gene osiagp from rice (oryza sativa l. subspecies indica) coding for an arabinogalactan protein homologue, and analysis of its promoter activity during pollen development and pollen tube growth. | during differential screening of inflorescence-specific cdna libraries from oryza sativa indica, an arabinogalactan protein (osiagp) cdna (586 bp) expressing preferentially in the inflorescence has been isolated. it encodes an arabinogalactan protein of 59 amino acids (6.4 kda) with a transmembrane domain and a secretory domain at the n terminus. the protein shows homology with agp23 from arabidopsis, and its homologue in japonica rice is located on chromosome 6. osiagp transcripts also accumula ... | 2010 | 19771527 |
| decolorization and detoxification of congo red and textile industry effluent by an isolated bacterium pseudomonas sp. su-ebt. | the 16s rrna sequence and biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as pseudomonas sp. su-ebt. this strain showed 97 and 90% decolorization of a recalcitrant dye, congo red (100 mg l(-1)) and textile industry effluent with 50% reduction in cod within 12 and 60 h, respectively. the optimum ph and temperature for the decolorization was 8.0 and 40 degrees c, respectively. pseudomonas sp. su-ebt was found to tolerate the dye concentration up to 1.0 g l(-1). significant induction in ... | 2010 | 19774467 |
| different responses of plant growth and antioxidant system to the combination of cadmium and heat stress in transgenic and non-transgenic rice. | a comparative study of just cadmium (cd) or heat and their combination treatments on some physiological parameters and the antioxidant systems in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l. cv. zhonghua no.11) carrying glutathione-s-transferase (gst, ec. 2.5.1.18) and catalase1 (cat1, ec. 1.11.1.6) and non-transgenics was conducted. the results revealed improved resistance in the transgenics to cd and the combined cd and heat stress than non-transgenics. data showed that the activities of cat, gst, superox ... | 2009 | 19778404 |