| phyto-indicators in detection of lindane residues in water. | intensive use of pesticides, especially insecticides, in agriculture during the past several decades has already led to contamination of surface and underground waters and sediments in some regions, thus presents a serious problem for the environment. lindane was one of frequently applied insecticides for soil treatment. in serbia, it has been in use since 1944, but in the period 2001-2007 its use was restricted only to timber treatments. in 2009 an international ban on the use of lindane in agr ... | 2014 | 26080488 |
| [the effect of daily exposure to low hardening temperature on plant vital activity]. | phenomenological responses of plants to daily short-term exposure to low hardening temperature was studied under chamber and field conditions. experiments were carried out on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), marigolds (tagetes l.), and petunia (petunia x hybrida) plants. the obtained data demonstrated a similar pattern of response in all studied plant species to different variants of exposure to low hardening temperature. the main features of plant response to daily sh ... | 2008 | 18959197 |
| germanium-68 as an adequate tracer for silicon transport in plants. characterization of silicon uptake in different crop species. | a basic problem in silicon (si) uptake studies in biology is the lack of an appropriate radioactive isotope. radioactive germanium-68 ((68)ge) has been used previously as a si tracer in biological materials, but its suitability for the study of si transport in higher plants is still untested. in this study, we investigated (68)ge-traced si uptake by four crop species differing widely in uptake capacity for si, including rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), cucumber (cucumis sativus), a ... | 2007 | 17098850 |
| photosystem ii inhibition by moderate light under low temperature in intact leaves of chilling-sensitive and -tolerant plants. | photosystem ii (psii) activity was examsined in leaves of chilling-sensitive cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.), and maize (zea mays l.), and in chilling-tolerant barley (hordeum vulgare l.) illuminated with moderate white light (300 micro mol m(-2) s(-1)) at 4 degrees c using chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. psii activity was inhibited in leaves of all the four plants as suggested by the decline in f(v)/f(m), 1/f(o) - 1/f(m), and f(v)/f(o) values. the cha ... | 2004 | 15153200 |
| chloroplast biogenesis 60 : conversion of divinyl protochlorophyllide to monovinyl protochlorophyllide in green(ing) barley, a dark monovinyl/light divinyl plant species. | in higher plants, most of the chlorophyll a is formed via the divinyl and monovinyl chlorophyll monocarboxylic biosynthetic routes. these two routes are strongly interconnected prior to protochlorophyllide formation in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv morex), a dark monovinyl-light divinyl plant species, but not in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv beit alpha mr), a dark divinyl-light divinyl plant species (bc tripathy, ca rebeiz, 1986 j biol chem 261: 13556-13564). it is shown that in dark monovinyl ... | 1988 | 16666133 |
| chloroplast biogenesis. demonstration of the monovinyl and divinyl monocarboxylic routes of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants. | it is shown that barley (hordeum vulgare), a dark monovinyl/light divinyl plant species, and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) a dark divinyl/light divinyl plant species synthesize monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide in darkness from monovinyl and divinyl protoporphyrin ix via two distinct monovinyl and divinyl monocarboxylic chlorophyll biosynthetic routes. evidence for the operation of monovinyl monocarboxylic biosynthetic routes consisted (a) in demonstrating the conversion of delta-aminole ... | 1986 | 3759979 |
| thigmomorphogenesis: the response of plant growth and development to mechanical stimulation : with special reference to bryonia dioica. | when young plants of hordeum vulgare. bryonia dioica. cucumis sativus. phaseolus vulgaris. mimosa pudica. and ricinus communis. were given a gentle mechanical stimulus by rubbing the internodes for about 10 s once or twice daily, elongation was significantly retarded. plants of cucurbita pepo pisum sativum and triticum aestivum did not exhibit any such response. the initial response to rubbing was very rapid, elongation stopping less than 3 min after application of the stimulus. when the stimulu ... | 1973 | 24458719 |
| iron assimilation in plants: reduction of a ferriphytosiderophore by nadh:nitrate reductase from squash. | nadh:nitrate reductase (ec 1.6.6.1) from squash (cucurbita maxima duch., cv. buttercup) can catalyze the reduction of a ferriphytosiderophore from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. europa). maximal activity occurs at ph 6, with an apparentk m andv max of 76 μm and 21 nmol·min(-1)·(mg protein)(-1), respectively. the ferriphytosiderophore strongly inhibits nitrate reduction catalyzed by nitrate reductase at the optimal ph for nitrate reduction, i.e. 7.5. on the contrary, nitrate is a poor inhibitor o ... | 1988 | 24226694 |
| differential effect of irradiance and nutrient nitrate on the relationship of in vivo and in vitro nitrate reductase assay in chlorophyllous tissues. | growth at increasing continuous irradiance (at high nutrient nitrate) and nutrient nitrate concentrations (at high continuous irradiance) furnished increases in the in vivo and in vitro nitrate reductase activities of corn (zea mays l.), field peas (pisum arvense l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and globe amaranth (gomphrena globosa l.) leaves and of marrow (cucurbita pepo l.) cotyledons. ratios of in vivo to in vitro activity declined exponentially in all species ... | 1977 | 16659888 |
| the glycosylation of the aspartic proteinases from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.). | plant aspartic proteinases characterised at the molecular level contain one or more consensus n-glycosylation sites [runeberg-roos, p., tŏrmäkangas, k. & ostman, a. (1991) eur. j. biochem. 202, 1021-1027; asakura, t., watanabe, h., abe, k. & arai, s. (1995) eur. j. biochem, 232, 77-83; veríssimo, p., faro, c., moir, a. j. g., lin, y., tang, j. & pires, e. (1996) eur. j. biochem. 235, 762-768]. we found that the glycosylation sites are occupied for the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aspartic protein ... | 1997 | 9057834 |
| comparative sequence analysis and serological and infectivity studies indicate that cocksfoot mild mosaic virus is a member of the genus panicovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the phleum isolate of cocksfoot mild mosaic virus (cmmv-p) and the coat protein sequence of the cocksfoot isolate (cmmv-1) were determined. comparative sequence analysis revealed a close relationship with panicum mosaic virus (pmv; genus panicovirus), and together with serological studies, the work supports the classification of cmmv in the family tombusviridae, genus panicovirus rather than, as is currently proposed, the genus sobemovirus. a full-length cdna ... | 2009 | 19693646 |
| systematic evaluation of chronic metal-mixture toxicity to three species and implications for risk assessment. | metal contamination generally occurs as mixtures. however, it is yet unresolved how to address metal mixtures in risk assessment. therefore, using consistent methodologies, we have set up experiments to identify which mixture model applies best at low-level effects, i.e., the independent action (ia) or concentration addition (ca) reference model. the toxicity of metal mixtures (ni, zn, cu, cd, and pb) to daphnia magna, ceriodaphnia dubia, and hordeum vulgare was investigated in different waters ... | 2017 | 28339194 |
| environmental effects of soil contamination by shale fuel oils. | estonia is currently one of the leading producers of shale oils in the world. increased production, transportation and use of shale oils entail risks of environmental contamination. this paper studies the behaviour of two shale fuel oils (sfos)--'vkg d' and 'vkg sweet'--in different soil matrices under natural climatic conditions. dynamics of sfos' hydrocarbons (c10-c40), 16 pahs, and a number of soil heterotrophic bacteria in oil-spiked soils was investigated during the long-term (1 year) outdo ... | 2014 | 24865504 |
| cross-species extrapolation of chronic nickel biotic ligand models. | the use of biotic ligand models (blms) to normalize metal ecotoxicity data and predict effects in non-blm organisms should be supported by quantitative evidence. this study determined the ability of chronic nickel blms developed for the cladocera daphnia magna and ceriodaphnia dubia to predict chronic nickel toxicity to three invertebrates for which no specific blms were developed. those invertebrates were the snail lymnaea stagnalis, the insect chironomus tentans, and the rotifer brachionus cal ... | 2010 | 20920817 |
| a comparison between quin-2 and aequorin as indicators of cytoplasmic calcium levels in higher plant cell protoplasts. | assessment of the regulation of plant metabolism by the calcium ion requires a knowledge of its intracellular levels and dynamics. technical problems have prevented direct measurement of the concentration of intracellular ca(2+) in plant cells in all but a few cases. in this study we show that electropermeabilized protoplasts of daucus carota and hordeum vulgare took up the ca(2+) indicating fluorescent dye methoxyquinoline(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid (quin-2) and the ca(2+) ... | 1989 | 16666797 |
| an integrated approach to demonstrating the anr pathway of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in plants. | proanthocyanidins (pas) are oligomers or polymers of plant flavan-3-ols and are important to plant adaptation in extreme environmental conditions. the characterization of anthocyanidin reductase (anr) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (lar) has demonstrated the different biogenesis of four stereo-configurations of flavan-3-ols. it is important to understand whether anr and the anr pathway widely occur in the plant kingdom. here, we report an integrated approach to demonstrate the anr pathway in p ... | 2012 | 22678031 |
| sulfhydryl reagents and energy-linked reactions in monocot thylakoids. | monofunctional maleimides have been used to covalently modify the coupling factor protein of monocot thylakoid membranes. as with dicot thylakoids, incubation of the monocot thylakoids with maleimides in the light but not in the dark results in inhibition of both atp synthesis and hydrolysis. in the dark, sites on the gamma and epsilon subunits of maize zea mays coupling factor 1 are modified after incubation of maize mesophyll thylakoids with the fluorescent maleimide n-(anilinonaphthyl-4) male ... | 1990 | 16667548 |
| regulation of chloroplast photosynthetic activity by exogenous magnesium. | magnesium was most inhibitory to photosynthetic reactions by intact chloroplasts when the magnesium was added in the dark before illumination. two millimolar mgcl(2), added in the dark, inhibited co(2)-dependent o(2) evolution by hordeum vulgare l. and spinacia oleracea l. (c(3) plants) chloroplasts 70 to 100% and inhibited (pyruvate + oxaloacetate)-dependent o(2) evolution by digitaria sanguinalis l. (c(4) plant) mesophyll chloroplasts from 80 to 100%. when mg(2+) was added in the light, o(2) e ... | 1978 | 16660509 |
| virulent diuraphis noxia aphids over-express calcium signaling proteins to overcome defenses of aphid-resistant wheat plants. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, and barley, hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in africa, south america, and north america. most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of d. noxia-resistant varieties, and numerous d. noxia resistance genes have been identified in t. aestivum and h. vulgare. north american d. noxia biotype 1 is avirulent to t. aestivum varieties ... | 2016 | 26815857 |
| effects of planting date and barley variety on russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations in colorado, kansas, and nebraska. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is an important pest in the western great plains of the united states, where it causes hundreds of millions of dollars of losses to barley and wheat production through reduced yields. experiments to evaluate the effect of early planting and resistance in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) on d. noxia were conducted at fort collins, co; tribune, ks; and sidney, ne, in 2007, 2008, and 2009. treatments included two planting dates ... | 2014 | 26309288 |
| variation between ethiopian and north american barley varieties (hordeum vulgare) in response to russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia) populations. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (hemiptera: aphididae), causes severe damage to barley, hordeum vulgare l. (poales: poaceae), in the highlands of ethiopia. little information is available on the control of this pest in ethiopia. an experiment aimed at evaluating the resistance of barley varieties from the usa to d. noxia populations and determining biotypic variation between ethiopian and north american d. noxia populations was conducted. the d. noxia-resistant barley variet ... | 2014 | 25373187 |
| barley tolerance of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotype 2 herbivory involves expression of defense response and developmental genes. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov), is an invasive insect pest that causes serious yield losses in bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., durum wheat, t. turgidum l and barley, hordeum vulgare l. successful management of d. noxia has been achieved through resistant varieties via plant antixenosis (aphid non-preference), antibiosis (reduced aphid growth or fecundity), tolerance (plant compensatory growth after aphid feeding), or a combination of each. previous phenotyping experiment ... | 2012 | 22476464 |
| global phylogenetics of diuraphis noxia (hemiptera: aphididae), an invasive aphid species: evidence for multiple invasions into north america. | the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kudjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l., durum wheat, triticum turgidum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l. several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western united states since the firs ... | 2010 | 20568643 |
| stronger induction of callose deposition in barley by russian wheat aphid than bird cherry-oat aphid is not associated with differences in callose synthase or beta-1,3-glucanase transcript abundance. | the effects of infestation by the bird cherry-oat aphid (bca), (rhopalosiphum padi l) and the russian wheat aphid (rwa) (diuraphis noxia mordvilko) on callose deposition and transcription of genes related to callose accumulation were investigated in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. clipper). the bca, which gives no visible symptoms, induced very limited callose deposition, even after 14 days of infestation. in contrast, rwa, which causes chlorosis, white and yellow streaking and leaf rolling, indu ... | 2009 | 19055542 |
| biotypic diversity in colorado russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations. | the biotypic diversity of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), was assessed in five isolates collected in colorado. three isolates, rwa 1, rwa 2, and an isolate from montezuma county, co, designated rwa 6, were originally collected from cultivated wheat, triticum aestivum l., and obtained from established colonies at colorado state university. the fourth isolate, designated rwa 7, was collected from canada wildrye, elymus canadensis l., in baca county, co. ... | 2008 | 18459426 |
| variation to cause host injury between russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) clones virulent to dn4 wheat. | biotypes are infraspecific classifications based on biological rather than morphological characteristics. cereal aphids are managed primarily by host plant resistance, and they often develop biotypes that injure or kill previously resistant plants. although molecular genetic variation within aphid biotypes has been well documented, little is known about phenotypic variation, especially virulence or the biotype's ability to cause injury to cultivars with specific resistance genes. five clones (si ... | 2007 | 17972649 |
| distribution and diversity of russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in north america. | wheat, triticum aestivum l., with russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae) resistance based on the dn4 gene has been important in managing russian wheat aphid since 1994. recently, five biotypes (rwa1-rwa5) of this aphid have been described based on their ability to differentially damage rwa resistance genes in wheat. rwa2, rwa4, and rwa5 are of great concern because they can kill wheat with dn4 resistance. in 2005, 365 russian wheat aphid clone colonies were made ... | 2007 | 17972648 |
| biotypic variation among north american russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) populations. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), has been a major economic pest of small grains in the western united states since its introduction in 1986. recently, a new russian wheat aphid biotype was discovered in southeastern colorado that damaged previously resistant wheat, triticum aestivum l. biotype development jeopardizes the durability of plant resistance, which has been a cornerstone for russian wheat aphid management. our objective was to assess the rela ... | 2006 | 17066823 |
| an early indicator of resistance in barley to russian wheat aphid. | during early stages of infestation by russian wheat aphids (diuraphis noxia [mordvilko]; rwas), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescence in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the rwa stylet sheath. the response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response, typical of resistance to microbial pathogens. resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (cac) than did susceptible barley. rwa stylet entry site ... | 1994 | 12232285 |
| estimating the contribution of mutation, recombination and gene conversion in the generation of haplotypic diversity. | recombination occurs through both homologous crossing over and homologous gene conversion during meiosis. the contribution of recombination relative to mutation is expected to be dramatically reduced in inbreeding organisms. we report coalescent-based estimates of the recombination parameter (rho) relative to estimates of the mutation parameter (theta) for 18 genes from the highly self-fertilizing grass, wild barley, hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. estimates of rho/theta are much greater than e ... | 2006 | 16624913 |
| differences in the anaerobic lactate-succinate production and in the changes of cell sap ph for plants with high and low resistance to anoxia. | anaerobically treated seedlings of oryza sativa l. var arborio accumulated in their shoots more succinate than lactate and cell sap became alkaline. conversely, in triticum aestivum l. var mek 86 lactate accumulation was far higher than that of succinate and cell sap was acidified. anoxia clearly induced proton consumption in both species as an important means to prevent or counteract acidosis. other species studied were: echinochloa crus-galli l. beauv., zea mays l. var de kalb xl75, secale cer ... | 1989 | 16666751 |
| the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species. | the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ... | 1977 | 24419571 |
| effects of earthworms on metal uptake of heavy metals from polluted mine soils by different crop plants. | a pot experiment was conducted in order to assess the effect of the earthworm eisenia fetida on the uptake of pb, zn, cd and cu from soils polluted by mining activities using maize (zea mays) and barley (hordeum vulgare). results from single and sequential extractions showed that the soil chemical partitioning of heavy metals was significantly changed by e. fetida, leading to a higher concentration of metals in the non-residual fractions of the soil. earthworm activities significantly increased ... | 2009 | 19232427 |
| influence of soil properties and aging on the toxicity of copper on compost worm and barley. | influence of soil properties and aging on cu partitioning and toxicity was assessed on 10 artificial soils constituted using a statistical design considering ph (5.5 and 7.5), organic matter (1-30% [w/w]), and clay content (5-35% [w/w]). total cu as well as water-, cacl2-, and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (dtpa)-extracted cu fractions were determined for each soil mixture. ecotoxic effect was assessed by determining growth inhibition of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and compost worm (eisen ... | 2013 | 16510700 |
| bioaccessible mineral content of malted finger millet (eleusine coracana), wheat (triticum aestivum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). | malted grains are extensively used in weaning and geriatric foods. malting generally improves the nutrient content and digestibility of foods. the present investigation examined the influence of malting of finger millet, wheat, and barley on the bioaccessibility of iron, zinc, calcium, copper, and manganese. malting increased the bioaccessibility of iron by >3-fold from the two varieties of finger millet and by >2-fold from wheat, whereas such a beneficial influence was not seen in barley. the b ... | 2010 | 20560601 |
| selective expression of a probable amylase/protease inhibitor in barley aleurone cells: comparison to the barley amylase/subtilisin inhibitor. | we have cloned and sequenced a 650-nucleotide cdna from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers encoding a protein that is closely related to a known α-amylase inhibitor from indian finger millet (eleusine coracana gaertn.), and that has homologies to certain plant trypsin inhibitors. mrna for this probable amylase/protease inhibitor (papi) is expressed primarily in aleurone tissue during late development of the grain, as compared to that for the amylase/subtilisin inhibitor, which is expres ... | 1986 | 24232429 |
| influence of instar and commodity on insecticidal effect of two diatomaceous earth formulations against larvae of ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal effect of two diatomaceous earth (de) formulations, silicosec and pyrisec, against larvae of ephestia kuehniella zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae). three instars were tested: first, third and fifth. the test was conducted in six commodities: barley hordeum vulgare (l.) (gramminae), rye secale cereale l. (gramminae), wheat triticum sp. (gramminae), wheat + 10% cracked wheat, wheat + 30% cracked wheat, and wheat flour. quantities o ... | 2006 | 17066829 |
| ecotoxicity of siloxane d5 in soil. | decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (d5) is a cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cvms) commonly found in commercially available products. d5 is expected to enter the terrestrial environment through the deposit of biosolids from sewage treatment plants onto agricultural fields for nutrient enrichment. little to no information currently exists as to the risks of d5 to the terrestrial environment. in order to evaluate the potential risk to terrestrial organisms, the toxicity of a d5 contaminated biosolid in ... | 2012 | 22197313 |
| leaf surfaces and the bioavailability of pesticide residues. | laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity to folsomia candida willem (collembola: isotomidae) of residues of a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, and an organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, on different leaf surfaces. the test leaves included a range of species and leaves of different ages. dose-response relationships were estimated for f candida walking over the various treated leaf substrates. probit analysis was used to estimate the means and standard deviations ... | 2001 | 11374156 |
| hmg-like protein in barley and corn nuclei. | chromosomal proteins have been isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare) and corn (zea mays) nuclei by extraction with 5% perchloric acid. in each plant, one protein was shown to belong to the hmg proteins. their molecular weights are very close to that of hmg 14 from chicken erythrocytes, as shown by electrophoretic mobility in sds polyacrylamide gels. in acetic acid-urea-triton polyacrylamide gels they migrate between hmg 1,2 and hmg 14, from chicken erythrocytes. their amino acid compositions ar ... | 1985 | 24310753 |
| fractionation and characterization of histones from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves : existence of multiple h2a and h2b variants. | histones were extracted from purified nuclei isolated from four cereals,viz. barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat(triticum aestivum), aegilops squarrosa and corn (zea mais), and from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). analysis of the histones on sds gels showed complex electrophoretic patterns with one species of both h3 and h4, one to three species of h1 and two to five species of h2. judged from the electrophoretic patterns, the histones from barley, wheat and aegilops are identical but different from th ... | 1983 | 24318303 |
| qtl underlying some agronomic traits in barley detected by snp markers. | increasing the yield of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a main breeding goal in developing barley cultivars. a high density genetic linkage map containing 1894 snp and 68 ssr markers covering 1375.8 cm was constructed and used for mapping quantitative traits. a late-generation double haploid population (dh) derived from the huaai 11 × huadamai 6 cross was used to identify qtls and qtl × environment interactions for ten traits affecting grain yield including length of main spike (msl), spikelet nu ... | 2016 | 27388211 |
| proteomic analysis of mature barley grains from c-hordein antisense lines. | hordeins are the major storage proteins in barley grains and are responsible for their low nutritional quality. previously, antisense c-hordein barley lines were generated and were shown to contain a more balanced amino acid composition and an altered storage protein profile. in the present study, a proteomic approach that combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and mass spectrometry was used to (1) identify the changes in the protein profile of non-storage proteins (salt soluble fra ... | 2016 | 26976333 |
| exceptionally high levels of genetic diversity in wheat curl mite (acari: eriophyidae) populations from turkey. | recent research on the wheat curl mite species complex has revealed extensive genetic diversity that has distinguished several genetic lineages infesting bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other cereals worldwide. turkey is the historical region of wheat and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) domestication and diversification. the close relationship between these grasses and the wheat curl mite provoked the question of the genetic diversity of the wheat curl mite in this region. the scope of the st ... | 2015 | 26470350 |
| the genetic basis of composite spike form in barley and 'miracle-wheat'. | inflorescences of the tribe triticeae, which includes wheat (triticum sp. l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) are characterized by sessile spikelets directly borne on the main axis, thus forming a branchless spike. 'compositum-barley' and tetraploid 'miracle-wheat' (t. turgidum convar. compositum (l.f.) filat.) display noncanonical spike-branching in which spikelets are replaced by lateral branch-like structures resembling small-sized secondary spikes. as a result of this branch formation 'mirac ... | 2015 | 26156223 |
| the use of the ph1b mutant to induce recombination between the chromosomes of wheat and barley. | intensive breeding has led to a narrowing in the genetic base of our major crops. in wheat, access to the extensive gene pool residing in its many and varied relatives (some cultivated, others wild) is hampered by the block on recombination imposed by the ph1 (pairing homoeologous 1) gene. here, the ph1b mutant has been exploited to induced allosyndesis between wheat chromosomes and those of both hordeum vulgare (cultivated barley) and h. chilense (a wild barley). a number of single chromosome h ... | 2015 | 25852713 |
| a pair of chiral flavonolignans as novel anti-cyanobacterial allelochemicals derived from barley straw (hordeum vulgare): characterization and comparison of their anti-cyanobacterial activities. | the inhibitory effect of barley straw (hordeum vulgare) on cyanobacteria has been observed in many field and laboratory studies for over 30 years, although the compounds responsible for this anti-cyanobacterial effect have remained unknown. in this study, a pair of chiral flavonolignans were isolated from barley straw extract using a bioassay-guided isolation procedure against microcystis sp. the structures of the allelopathic compounds were elucidated by nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance) and hpl ... | 2014 | 24034604 |
| allelopathic effect of bromus spp. and lolium spp. shoot extracts on some crops. | allelopathy is an untapped resource for weed control in crops that could give good possibilities for environmentally sound, integrated crop production. allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds, called allelochemicals, which escape into the environment. allelochemicals can be produced by weeds and affect crops, and the reverse is also true. allelopathic interactions include weed-weed, weed-c ... | 2011 | 22696963 |
| identification of qtls for yield and yield components of barley under different growth conditions. | waterlogging is a major abiotic stress limiting barley (hordeum vulgare l.) yield and its stability in areas with excessive rainfall. identification of genomic regions influencing the response of yield and its components to waterlogging stress will enhance our understanding of the genetics of waterlogging tolerance and the development of more tolerant barley cultivars. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for grain yield and its components were identified using 156 doubled haploid (dh) lines derived f ... | 2010 | 20205303 |
| cereal phosphate transporters associated with the mycorrhizal pathway of phosphate uptake into roots. | a very large number of plant species are capable of forming symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the roots of these plants are potentially capable of absorbing p from the soil solution both directly through root epidermis and root hairs, and via the am fungal pathway that delivers p to the root cortex. a large number of phosphate (p) transporters have been identified in plants; tissue expression patterns and kinetic information supports the roles of some of these in the ... | 2005 | 16133217 |
| rflp mapping of three new loci for resistance genes to powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) in barley. | three new major, race-specific, resistance genes to powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) were identified in three barley lines, 'rs42-6*o', 'rs137-28*e', and 'hsy-78*a', derived from crosses with wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). the resistance gene origining from wild barley in line 'rs42-6*o', showed a recessive mode of inheritance, whereas the other wild barley genes were (semi)-dominant. rflp mapping of these three genes was performed in segregating f2 populations. t ... | 1996 | 24162198 |
| molecular marker analyses of powdery mildew resistance in barley. | powdery mildew, caused byeryisphe graminis f. sp.hordei, is one of the most important diseases of barley (hordeum vulgare). a number of loci conditioning resistance to this disease have been reported previously. the objective of this study was to use molecular markers to identify chromosomal regions containing genes for powdery mildew resistance and to estimate the resistance effect of each locus. a set of 28 f1 hybrids and eight parental lines from a barley diallel study was inoculated with eac ... | 1994 | 24186170 |
| monosomic and double monosomic substitutions of hordeum bulbosum l. chromosomes into h. vulgare l. | one of the aims of the interspecific crossing programme between hordeum vulgare l. and h. bulbosum l. has been to introgress desirable genes into barley from the wild species. however, despite their close taxonomic relationship there have been few reports of achieving this objective using amphidiploid hybrids. in order to broaden the range of available hybrids, partially fertile triploids between h. vulgare (2n = 2x = 14) and h. bulbosum (2n = 4x = 28) were developed and crossed with h. vulgare ... | 1992 | 24203209 |
| cultivar-related differences in the distribution of cell-wall-bound thionins in compatible and incompatible interactions between barley and powdery mildew. | leaf-specific thionins of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) have been identified as a novel class of cell-wall proteins toxic to plant-pathogenic fungi and possibly involved in the defence mechanism of plants. the distribution of these polypeptides has been studied in the host-pathogen system of barley and erisyphe graminis dc.f.sp. hordei marchal (powdery mildew). immunogold-labelling of thionins in several barley cultivars indicates that resistance or susceptibility may be attributed to the presence ... | 1989 | 24201519 |
| the activity of powdery-mildew haustoria after feeding the host cells with different sugars, as measured with a potentiometric cyanine dye. | the biotrophic parasite erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei produces haustoria within the cells of its host hordeum vulgare. to determine the physiological activity of these haustoria, the electric potential across the membranes in the mitochondria of the haustorium was studied. the membrane potential was estimated with the fluorescent potentiometric cyanine dye 3,3'-dibutyloxacarbocyanine iodide. the addition of depolarizing agents (carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, 2,4-dinitrophenol or kcn) ... | 1988 | 24221486 |
| cdna cloning of mrnas induced in resistant barley during infection by erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. | near-isogenic cultivars of hordeum vulgare which differ for the mlp gene for resistance to erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei were inoculated with race 3 of this pathogen and in vitro translation products of mrna populations compared by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. this revealed the presence of new mrna species in infected leaves compared to non-inoculated controls. these new mrna species were more abundant in resistant leaves than susceptible leaves. a cdna library was prepar ... | 1987 | 24302526 |
| metabolism of [(14)c]flamprop-isopropyl in suspension cultures from medicago sativa and phaseolus sp. | metabolism of the selective herbicide flamprop-isopropyl (isopropyl-n-benzoyl-n-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate) in suspension cultures of the dicotyledons phaseolus vulgaris, p. multiflorus and medicago sativa showed general similarities be, but particular variations from, that reported in intact plants of hordeum vulgare. hydrolysis of the ester and conjugation were major routes, but some hydroxylation and hydrolysis of the amide was also observed. the implications of these variati ... | 1982 | 24259137 |
| some factors in the competition or antagonism among bacteria, algae, and aquatic weeds. | field observations of changes in the populations of aquatic weeds and phytoplankton have confirmed that aquatic weeds have antagonistic activity toward phytoplankton. nutritional studies in the laboratory indicate that cultures of the aquatic weeds, myriophyllum sp., ceratophyllum sp., and duckweed (lemma minor l.); liquid cultures of barley (hordeum vulgare l., dickson variety); and cultures of the filamentous green algae, cladophora sp. and pithophora oedogonium (mont.) withrock, will remain r ... | 1969 | 27096454 |
| commercial crop yields reveal strengths and weaknesses for organic agriculture in the united states. | land area devoted to organic agriculture has increased steadily over the last 20 years in the united states, and elsewhere around the world. a primary criticism of organic agriculture is lower yield compared to non-organic systems. previous analyses documenting the yield deficiency in organic production have relied mostly on data generated under experimental conditions, but these studies do not necessarily reflect the full range of innovation or practical limitations that are part of commercial ... | 2016 | 27552217 |
| rubisco catalytic properties and temperature response in crops. | rubisco catalytic traits and their thermal dependence are two major factors limiting the co2 assimilation potential of plants. in this study, we present the profile of rubisco kinetics for 20 crop species at three different temperatures. the results largely confirmed the existence of significant variation in the rubisco kinetics among species. although some of the species tended to present rubisco with higher thermal sensitivity (e.g. oryza sativa) than others (e.g. lactuca sativa), interspecifi ... | 2016 | 27329223 |
| sire1 retrotransposons in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | sireviruses are genera of copia ltr retrotransposons with a unique genome structure among retrotransposons. barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is an economically important plant. in this study, we used mature barley embryos, 10-day-old roots and 10-day-old leaves derived from the same barley plant to investigate sire) retrotransposon movements by inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (irap) technique. we found polymorphism rates between 0-64% among embryos, roots and leaves. polymorphism rates w ... | 2015 | 26410931 |
| carbon nanotubes and graphene modified screen-printed carbon electrodes as sensitive sensors for the determination of phytochelatins in plants using liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. | nanomaterials are of great interest for the development of electrochemical sensors. multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene were used to modify the working electrode surface of different screen-printed carbon electrodes (spce) with the aim of improving the sensitivity of the spce and comparing it with the conventional glassy carbon electrode. to assay the usability of these sensors, a hplc methodology with amperometric detection was developed to analyze several phytochelatins in plants of hor ... | 2015 | 26212803 |
| bayesian inference of baseline fertility and treatment effects via a crop yield-fertility model. | to effectively manage soil fertility, knowledge is needed of how a crop uses nutrients from fertilizer applied to the soil. soil quality is a combination of biological, chemical and physical properties and is hard to assess directly because of collective and multiple functional effects. in this paper, we focus on the application of these concepts to agriculture. we define the baseline fertility of soil as the level of fertility that a crop can acquire for growth from the soil. with this strict d ... | 2014 | 25405353 |
| oxirapentyns a, b and e from the marine-derived strain of isaria felina kmm 4639 as stimulators of initial stages of development of agricultural plants. | oxirapentyn a (1), oxirapentyn b (2), and oxirapentyn e (3) were examined for their ability to stimulate growth of seedling roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), corn (zea mays l.), soy {glycine max (l.) merr.}, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it was shown that the stimulatory effects depend on the chemical structure of the oxirapentyns and on the plant species. compounds 1, and 2 are efficient for growth of seedling roots of barley, and wheat, whereas ... | 2014 | 25115093 |
| alkaloids from marine sponges as stimulators of initial stages of development of agricultural plants. | damirone a (1), damirone b (2), makaluvamine g (3), debromohymenialdisine (4), and dibromoagelaspongin (5) were examined for their ability to stimulate growth of seedling roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), corn (zea mays l.), soy (glycine max (l.) merr.}, and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it was shown that the stimulatory effects depend on the chemical structure of the alkaloids and on the plant species. compounds 1, 3, and 4 are efficient for growth o ... | 2014 | 24868854 |
| high-moisture air-tight storage of barley and wheat improves nutrient digestibility. | barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) are often stored dry with 14% or less moisture, which during rainy periods may require that grains are dried after harvest. the hypothesis is that air-tight storage of high-moisture barley and wheat will increase nutrient digestibility due to chemical conversions prior to feeding. the objective was to evaluate the effect of high moisture compared to dry storage of barley and wheat on digestibility of p and cp. the crops were grown on 1 field ... | 2012 | 23365343 |
| effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation on digestibility and use of phosphorus and zinc in growing pigs. | two studies, arranged according to a 4 × 4 latin square design, were conducted to assess effects of dietary acidification on fungal 3-phytase (phy) efficacy in growing pigs. in exp. 1, effects of supplementing 500 units/kg feed of phy and 4.7 g/kg hcooh either alone or in combination on the use of p and zn in growing pigs fed a pelleted diet based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), and soybean (glycine max) meal were investigated. in exp. 2 the same dietary treatments were f ... | 2012 | 23365333 |
| digestible energy values of feed ingredients with or without addition of enzymes complex in growing pigs. | the de values and digestible nutrients content of 6 diets were measured in 60-kg male growing pigs fed restricted amount of feed. diets were prepared from 5 ingredients [wheat (triticum aestivum), corn (zea mays), barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat bran, and soybean (glycine max) meal; inclusion levels of ingredients were not correlated] with or without carbohydrose enzyme (rovabio excel ap; 3300 endo-β-1,4-xylanase visco units and 300 endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase units/kg of feed; 150 g/t of feed) acco ... | 2012 | 23365332 |
| effects of a 6-phytase on the apparent ileal digestibility of minerals and amino acids in ileorectal anastomosed pigs fed on a corn-soybean meal-barley diet. | phosphorus of plant-based feedstuffs for monogastric animals is mainly in the form of phytic p, which has a very low bioavailability. the nondigested phytic p may contribute to p pollution. furthermore, phytic acid may reduce digestibility of other minerals and protein. this study evaluated effects of the microbial 6-phytase ronozyme hiphos on apparent ileal digestibility of p, phytic acid, ca, cp, energy, and aa in six 60-d-old ileorectal anastomosed pigs. in a duplicated 3 × 3 latin square des ... | 2012 | 23365323 |
| differences in portal appearance of lysine and methionine in iberian and landrace pigs. | compared to modern breeds, iberian pigs have lower rates of muscle protein deposition and greater viscera weight. factors that limit growth performance of iberian pigs are unknown. we hypothesized that differences in net portal appearance of the essential aa lys and met might partially explain the lower growth rate reported in iberian pigs compared to modern breeds. net portal appearance of aa was measured in 6 iberian and 6 landrace gilts (28 kg bw) fitted with chronic catheters in the portal v ... | 2012 | 23365299 |
| comparison of standardized ileal amino acid digestibilities in protein supplements and cereal grains for weaned pigs. | standardized ileal digestibility (sid) of aa in protein ingredients and grains was determined in weaned piglets (5 kg initial bw) using the difference method. animals were fitted with a simple ileal t-cannula on day 24 or 25 of age. a synthetic diet based on corn (zea mays) starch and casein was either supplemented with an extruded soybean (glycine max) meal (esm), rice (oryza sativa) protein concentrate (rpc), full fat heat-treated soybeans (sb), corn, barley (hordeum vulgare), or wheat (tritic ... | 2012 | 23365298 |
| supplementation of barley-based diets with β-glucanase for pigs: energy and amino acid digestibility response. | an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of β-glucanase supplementation to barley (hordeum vulgare)-based diets on the digestibility of dm, ge, n, and aa for growing-finishing pigs. eight pigs (initial bw: 53.3 ± 3.2 kg) were each fitted with a simple t-cannula at the distal ileum and allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design with 4 diets and 4 periods in each square. diets were based on a barley-soybean (glycine max) meal (sbm) basal diet (bd) containing 199 ... | 2012 | 23365287 |
| strobilurin fungicides induce changes in photosynthetic gas exchange that do not improve water use efficiency of plants grown under conditions of water stress. | the effects of five strobilurin (beta-methoxyacrylate) fungicides and one triazole fungicide on the physiological parameters of well-watered or water-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and soya (glycine max merr.) plants were compared. water use efficiency (wue) (the ratio of rate of transpiration, e, to net rate of photosynthesis, a(n)) of well-watered wheat plants was improved slightly by strobilurin fungicides, but was reduced in water-stressed plants, so there ... | 2007 | 17912684 |
| heavy-metal stress induced accumulation of chitinase isoforms in plants. | plant chitinases belong to so-called pathogenesis related proteins and have mostly been detected in plants exposed to phytopathogenic viruses, bacteria or fungi. a few studies revealed that they might also be involved in plant defence against heavy metals. this work was undertaken to monitor the accumulation of chitinases in a set of heavy-metal stressed plants and bring evidence on their involvement during this kind of stress. roots of different plant species including vicia faba cvs. astar and ... | 2008 | 17701287 |
| coupling short-term changes in ambient uv-b levels with induction of uv-screening compounds. | a substantial number of studies have been conducted over the last several decades to assess the potential impacts of long-term increases in ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b between 280 and 320 nm) that will result from continued depletion of stratospheric ozone. however, seasonal changes, tropospheric chemistry and cloudiness are the dominant factors controlling ambient uv-b levels on a short-term or daily basis. the effects of short-term changes in uv-b on plant growth, phytochemistry and physiolo ... | 2007 | 17645657 |
| chemiluminescence during rice seed imbibition at different temperatures. | the chemiluminescence (cl) of rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds at different temperatures and the cl spectra of rice seed, caryopses and seed coat were studied during early imbibition. compared with the cl of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and soybean (glycine max l. merr.) seeds, the cl of rice seeds had a non-linear, logarithmic-like increase of intensity in the temperature range 30-50 degrees c. the van't hoff coefficient q(10) = i(t+10)/i(t) was equal to 2. the emission spectrum of whole rice seed, ... | 2015 | 16100741 |
| mining est databases to resolve evolutionary events in major crop species. | using plant est collections, we obtained 1392 potential gene duplicates across 8 plant species: zea mays, oryza sativa, sorghum bicolor, hordeum vulgare, solanum tuberosum, lycopersicon esculentum, medicago truncatula, and glycine max. we estimated the synonymous and nonsynonymous distances between each gene pair and identified two to three mixtures of normal distributions corresponding to one to three rounds of genome duplication in each species. within the poaceae, we found a conserved duplica ... | 2004 | 15499401 |
| progress in breeding low phytate crops. | populations that depend on grains and legumes as staple foods consume diets rich in phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexkisphosphate), the storage form of phosphorus in seeds. this compound binds tightly to important mineral nutrients such as iron and zinc, forming salts that are largely excreted. this phenomenon can contribute to mineral depletion and deficiency. as one approach to solving this and environmental problems associated with seed-derived dietary phytic acid, the u. s. departmen ... | 2002 | 11880580 |
| effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on endogenous cyanide, beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity, and ethylene evolution in seedlings of soybean and barley. | treatment of etiolated seedlings of barley (hordeum vulgare) and soybean (glycine max) with 1 millimolar 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) resulted in a 14-fold and greater than 100-fold increase in ethylene production, respectively. simultaneous monitoring of endogenous cyanide and beta-cyanoalanine synthase (beta-cas) (ec 4.4. 1.9) activity was also performed. endogenous levels of cyanide did not change in barley. in soybean, endogenous cyanide increased within 3 hours, increased again 6 ... | 1990 | 16667809 |
| molecular characterization of the diurnal/circadian expression of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in leaves of tomato and other dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species. | diurnal oscillations of steady-state mrna levels encoding the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were monitored inlycopersicon esculentum, glycine max, phaseolus vulgaris, p. aureus, p. coccineus, pisum sativum, sinapis alba, hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum andzea mays. in these plant speciescab mrna accumulation increases and decreases periodically indicating i) that the expression of the genes for chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (cab genes) is controlled by a circadian rhythm, and ii) that t ... | 1989 | 24201838 |
| regulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein biosynthesis in greening seedlings : a species comparison. | the biosynthesis of the chlorophyll a/b binding protein associated with photosystem ii (lhc-ii) was characterized during light-induced greening of etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare [l.] cv boone), maize (zea mays [l.] pioneer 3148), pea (pisum sativum [l.] cv progress 9), and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv ransom 2). northern blot analysis revealed that pea lhc-ii mrna was present in dark-grown seedlings and accumulated rapidly within 1 hour following illumination with white light. in contra ... | 1987 | 16665840 |
| the relationship between phosphate status and photosynthesis in leaves : effects on intracellular orthophosphate distribution, photosynthesis and assimilate partitioning. | photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning and intracellular distribution of orthophosphate (pi) in barly (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were measured in plants grown with either 25, 1 or 0 mmol· 1(-1) nutrient phosphate supply. phosphate deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in the leaf pi, diminished rates of photosynthesis and a decrease in the sucrose/starch ratio in the leaves. changes in the cytoplasmic pi content were relatively small in comparison with the large variations in vacuolar ... | 1986 | 24240306 |
| specific determination of alpha-amylase activity in crude plant extracts containing beta-amylase. | the specific measurement of alpha-amylase activity in crude plant extracts is difficult because of the presence of beta-amylases which directly interfere with most assay methods. methods compared in this study include heat treatment at 70 degrees c for 20 min, hgcl(2) treatment, and the use of the alpha-amylase specific substrate starch azure. in comparing alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr.), and malted barley (hordeum vulgare l.), the starch azure assay was the only ... | 1983 | 16662809 |
| water potential in excised leaf tissue: comparison of a commercial dew point hygrometer and a thermocouple psychrometer on soybean, wheat, and barley. | leaf water potential (psi(leaf)) determinations were made on excised leaf samples using a commercial dew point hygrometer (wescor inc., logan, utah) and a thermocouple psychrometer operated in the isopiestic mode. with soybean leaves (glycine max l.), there was good agreement between instruments; equilibration times were 2 to 3 hours. with cereals (triticum aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l.), agreement between instruments was poor for moderately wilted leaves when 7-mm-diameter punches were use ... | 1978 | 16660227 |
| a method for high-frequency intergeneric fusion of plant protoplasts. | protoplasts of vicia hajastana grossh. obtained from suspension-culture cells and pisum sativum l. obtained from leaves adhered tightly to each other in concentrated solutions of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (peg). the adhesion occurred non-specifically between the free protoplasts from the same species as well as from the different species and genus. it was enhanced by enrichment of the peg solution with calcium. very few heteroplasmic fusions occurred during the period when the pr ... | 1974 | 24458930 |
| plant protoplast fusion and growth of intergeneric hybrid cells. | interspecific and intergeneric fusions of plant protoplasts were induced by polyethylene glycol (peg) 1540 or 4000. the frequency of heterokaryocyte formation (or rate of fusion) was much higher when peg was eluted with a high ph-high ca(2+) solution or a salt solution than when it was eluted with a protoplast culture medium. the frequency of heterokaryocyte formation was also affected by the types of enzymes used for wall degradation, duration of enzyme incubation and molality of the peg soluti ... | 1974 | 24442697 |
| hydroperoxide isomerase: a new enzyme of lipid metabolism. | an enzyme has been isolated from flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) which utilizes the product of lipoxidase for its substrate. the enzyme, termed hydroperoxide isomerase, converts the conjugated diene hydroperoxide of linoleic acid to the corresponding monoenoic ketohydroxy fatty acid. the structure of the latter has been determined by ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; periodate and permangate oxidation; gas chromatography; and thin layer chromatography. hydroperox ... | 1970 | 16657484 |
| effect of adsorbed cations on phosphorus uptake by excised roots. | pretreatment of excised roots of hordeum vulgare, zea mays, and glycine max with various salt solutions affected their subsequent rate of phosphorus absorption from 2 x 10(-5)m kh(2)po(4). the rate of absorption was greatest for roots pretreated with trivalent cations, intermediate with divalent cations and lowest with monovalent cations. it appeared that the pretreatment involved a rapid exchange reaction at the root surface which was reversible. a 1 min pretreatment was effective for more than ... | 1969 | 16657122 |
| herbicide metabolism: n-glycoside of amiben isolated from soybean plants. | the n-glycoside of the herbicide 3-amino-2, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) was synthesized in the laboratory. the compound was chromatographically identical with a conjugate of amiben isolated from soybean plants, glycine max (l.) merr. the seeds of a tolerant plant, soybean, and of a susceptible one, barley (hordeum vulgare l.), were incubated in amiben labeled with carbon-14, and the seedlings were extracted. essentially all the radioactivity in soybean was present as a compound corresponding ... | 1965 | 5891144 |