| inhibition of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus by edible herbal extracts. | human noroviruses (hunovs) cause foodborne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis worldwide. because hunov culture systems have not been developed thus far, no available medicines or vaccines preventing infection with hunovs exist. some herbal extracts were considered as phytomedicines because of their bioactive components. in this study, the inhibitory effects of 29 edible herbal extracts against the norovirus surrogates murine norovirus (mnv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) were examined. fcv was s ... | 2017 | 27807684 |
| antagonistic potential of native trichoderma viride strain against potent tea fungal pathogens in north east india. | indigenous strains of trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea gardens of assam, north eastern state of india were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely pestalotia theae and fusarium solani. a potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as sdrlin1, was selected and identified as trichoderma viride. the strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. culture filtrate ... | 2015 | 26361476 |
| tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and virulence properties of fusobacterium nucleatum. | fusobacterium nucleatum plays a key role in creating the pathogenic subgingival biofilm that initiates destructive periodontitis. it is also a common resident of the human gastrointestinal tract and has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of green and black tea extracts as well as two of their bioactive components, egcg and theaflavins, on the growth and virulence properties of f. nucleatum. the tea extracts and components ... | 2017 | 28322293 |
| tea polyphenols inhibit the activation of nf-κb and the secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by macrophages stimulated with fusobacterium nucleatum. | fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with both periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease. this gram-negative bacterium possesses a high inflammatory potential that may contribute to the disease process. we hypothesized that green and black tea polyphenols attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages mediated by f. nucleatum. we first showed that the tea extracts, egcg and theaflavins reduce the nf-κb activation induced by f. nucleatum in monocytes. since nf-κb is ... | 2016 | 27694921 |
| in vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives. | the theaflavins fraction (tf80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavin (tf) derivatives from black tea have been found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro. they were evaluated with a neuraminidase (na) activity assay, a hemagglutination (ha) inhibition assay, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay for gene expression of hemagglutinin (ha) and a cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay. the experimental results showed that they all exerted significant inhi ... | 2012 | 22521753 |
| high antiviral effects of hibiscus tea extract on the h5 subtypes of low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | viral neuraminidase inhibitors are widely used as synthetic anti-influenza drugs for the prevention and treatment of influenza. however, drug-resistant influenza a virus variants, including h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs), have been reported. therefore, the discovery of novel and effective antiviral agents is warranted. we screened the antiviral effects of 11 herbal tea extracts (hibiscus, black tea, tencha, rosehip tea, burdock tea, green tea, jasmine tea, ginger tea, la ... | 2016 | 27193820 |
| honey and green/black tea consumption may reduce the risk of helicobacter pylori infection. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dietary and demographic factors and some habits on the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in 150 dyspeptic patients examined endoscopically and by the urea breath test. positivity rate was lower (50.6%) in patients consuming honey ≥1 day weekly compared with the remainder (70.8%) and in those consuming green/black tea ≥1 day weekly (45.2%) compared with the other patients (64.8%). logistic regression confirmed that the factors associ ... | 2015 | 25779680 |
| a preliminary investigation of the jack-bean urease inhibition by randomly selected traditionally used herbal medicine. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection leads to different clinical and pathological outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric neoplasia and even gastric cancer and its eradiation dependst upon multi-drug therapy. the most effective therapy is still unknown and prompts people to make great efforts to find better and more modern natural or synthetic anti-h. pylori agents. in this report 21 randomly selected herbal methanolic extracts were evaluated for th ... | 2012 | 24250509 |
| antiviral activity of theaflavin digallate against herpes simplex virus type 1. | tea is the second most consumed drink in the world. the beneficial effects of tea have been mostly attributed to its catechin content. black tea is derived from the leaves of camellia sinensis plant, and it is rich in theaflavin polyphenols, in particular theaflavin (tf1), theaflavin-3-monogallate (tf2a), theaflavin-3'-monogallate (tf2b), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3). vero and a549 cells were used to evaluate the effect of purified individual black tea theaflavins as anti-herpes simplex v ... | 2015 | 25818500 |
| effect of black tea extract on herpes simplex virus-1 infection of cultured cells. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine if black tea extract (bte), consisting primarily of flavanol compounds called theaflavins, could inhibit herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) infection in cultured a549 (human epithelial) and vero cells. | 2013 | 23777309 |
| natural polyphenols: potential in the prevention of sexually transmitted viral infections. | sexually transmitted viral infections represent a major public health concern due to lack of effective prevention strategies. efforts are ongoing to develop modalities that can enable simultaneous prevention of multiple sexually transmitted infections. in the present review, we discuss the potential of natural polyphenols to prevent sexually transmitted viral infections. the review gives an account of various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavins (blac ... | 2016 | 26546859 |
| plants and other natural products used in the management of oral infections and improvement of oral health. | challenges of resistance to synthetic antimicrobials have opened new vistas in the search for natural products. this article rigorously reviews plants and other natural products used in oral health: punica granatum l. (pomegranate), matricaria recutita l. (chamomile), camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (green tea), chewing sticks made from diospyros mespiliformis hochst. ex a.d.c., diospyros lycioides desf., and salvadora persica l. (miswak), honey and propolis from the manuka tree (leptospermum scop ... | 2016 | 26522671 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of camellia sinensis extract against cariogenic microorganisms. | dental caries, a ubiquitous multifactorial infectious disease, is primarily caused by microorganisms like streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus. use of antimicrobials is an important strategy to curb cariogenic microorganisms. | 2014 | 25538470 |
| thesis abstract fermented milk elaborated with camellia sinensis. | this study aimed to develop and to characterize fermented dairy beverage formulated with camellia sinensis. the infusion was elaborated with the addiction of dehydrated leaves of c. sinensis in whey (1g/100g) which added in sweetened milk (10% sucrose w/w) coagulated by streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus and lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus in proportions of 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/w). the control treatment consisted of yogurt added with sucrose (10% w/w). analysis wer ... | 2016 | 27323046 |
| green tea extract (camellia sinensis) fermented by lactobacillus fermentum attenuates alcohol-induced liver damage. | here, the impact of an extract derived from green tea (camellia sinensis) and fermentation with lactobacilli fermentum strain ocs19 was explored with acute alcohol-induced liver damage. the study employed the hepg2 hepatic cell line and an in vivo murine model of liver damage. l. fermentum-fermented green tea extract (fgte) was found to possess pronounced alcohol metabolizing enzyme activity. it significantly enhanced the cell viability of hepg2 cells following of them exposure, to ethanol (p<0. ... | 2012 | 23221715 |
| fermented rice bran prevents atopic dermatitis in dncb-treated nc/nga mice. | the fermentation of natural plants has a favorable effect on the functional and biological activities of living systems. these include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. this is attributed to the chemical conversion of the parent plants to functional constituents, which show more potent biological activity. in our study, rice bran along with oriental medicinal plants (angelicae gigantis, cnidium officinale, artemisia princeps, and camellia sinensis) was ... | 2016 | 27323667 |
| functional properties of novel epigallocatechin gallate glucosides synthesized by using dextransucrase from leuconostoc mesenteroides b-1299cb4. | epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the most abundant catechin found in the leaves of green tea, camellia sinensis. in this study, novel epigallocatechin gallate-glucocides (egcg-gs) were synthesized by using dextransucrase from leuconostoc mesenteroides b-1299cb4. response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the conversion of egcg to egcg-gs, resulting in a 91.43% conversion rate of egcg. each egcg-g was purified using a c18 column. of nine egcg-gs identified by nuclear magnetic resonanc ... | 2016 | 27933996 |
| tea and soybean extracts in combination with milk fermentation inhibit growth and enterocyte adherence of selected foodborne pathogens. | this study examined the antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties of pure plant extracts (ppes) of green tea (gt), black tea (bt) and soybean individually or in combination with milk. fermented phenolic enriched-milk (fpem) was prepared by combining ppes with milk and fermented with lactic acid bacteria. antimicrobial activity of extracts was evaluated by broth-dilution and agar diffusion assay. anti-adhesive property of extracts was evaluated in caco-2 cell model. results from antibacterial te ... | 2015 | 25766833 |
| bioconversion of wastewater from sweet potato starch production to paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer for tea plants. | wastewater from the sweet potato starch industry is a large source of nutrient-rich substrates. we assessed whether this wastewater could be used to produce paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer for foliar application to tea trees. using the central composite design methods we experientially determined that the optimal culture conditions for p. polymyxa were ph, 6.5; temperature, 29.0 °c; and incubation time, 16 h. under these conditions, a maximum biomass of 9.7 × 10(9) cfu/ml was achieved. we t ... | 2014 | 24576979 |
| camellia sinensis supplemented diet enhances the innate non-specific responses, haematological parameters and growth performance in mugil cephalus against photobacterium damselae. | this study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of camellia sinensis leaf-extract on non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of mugil cephalus fingerling against p. damselae. fish were fed with 0 (unsupplemented), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of green tea extract (gte) supplemented diets. results indicated that gte decreased mortality in m. cephalus in a dose-dependent manner after challenge with p. damselae. haematological parameters containing rbc, hct, hb and wbc and growth p ... | 2016 | 27582289 |
| antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from four plants on bacterial isolates from periodontitis patients. | four aqueous extracts of different plant organs are the following: artemisia herba-alba, opuntia ficus-indica, camellia sinensis and phlomis crinita were evaluated against two bacterial strains: porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia, which are implicated in periodontal diseases. by using a disc method, these plant extracts demonstrated powerful bacterial activity against these gram-negative strains. the minimum inhibitory concentration values of the four plant extracts varied betwee ... | 2017 | 28386896 |
| black tea theaflavins attenuate porphyromonas gingivalis virulence properties, modulate gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and exert anti-inflammatory activity. | over the last 10 years, bioactive plant food compounds have received considerable attention in regard to their beneficial effects against periodontal disease. in this study, we investigated the effects of black tea theaflavins (tfs) on the virulence properties of porphyromonas gingivalis and gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity. in addition, the effects of black tea tfs on the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokine/matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) secret ... | 2016 | 27549582 |
| theaflavins inhibit pathogenic properties of p. gingivalis and mmps production in p. gingivalis-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. | theaflavins, the main polyphenols in black tea, possesses a wide range of beneficial pharmacological properties. porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis) is a major aetiological agent associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of theaflavins on pathogenic properties of p. gingivalis and on periodontitis by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) production induced by this oral pat ... | 2015 | 25244614 |
| antibacterial, antiadherence, antiprotease, and anti-inflammatory activities of various tea extracts: potential benefits for periodontal diseases. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis. this gram-negative anaerobic bacterium produces several virulence factors and can induce a host inflammatory response that contributes to periodontal disease. in the present study, we investigated green tea, white tea, oolong tea, and black tea extracts with a high polyphenol content for their effects on (i) the growth and adherence of p. gingivalis, (ii) the activity of host and bacterial proteases, and (iii) cytokine s ... | 2013 | 23631500 |
| pseudomoniasis phytotherapy: a review on most important iranian medicinal plants effective on pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, aerobic bacterium found in water and soil. it is a normal flora in skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings. p. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen involved in nosocomial infections having multiple pathogenic factors and shows high rate of resistance to different antibiotics. the aim of this study was to identify the most important native medicinal plants of iran effective on p. aeruginosa. | 2016 | 28149496 |
| efficacy of methanolic extract of green and black teas against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major bacteria causing acute infections. β-lactamase production is the principal defense mechanism in gram-negative bacteria. the aim of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of green and black teas on p. aeruginosa extended spectrum-β-lactamases (esbls) production. this research was carried out on burn wounds of 245 hospitalized patients in kerman, iran. p. aeruginosa esbls and mbl producing strains were detected by comb ... | 2016 | 27393439 |
| research on the effect of culture time on the kombucha tea beverage's antiradical capacity and sensory value. | recent consumption trends shows high consumer acceptability and growing medicinal interest in the biological value of kombucha tea. this tea is a sweetened tea leaf brew fermented with a layer containing mainly acetic acid bacteria, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. the main antioxidants in tea leaves are polyphenols, the consumption of which is proven to be beneficial for human health, e.g. protecting from reactive oxygen species (ros). the aim of the present research was to evaluate antiradical ... | 2017 | 28071022 |
| metal transport protein 8 in camellia sinensis confers superior manganese tolerance when expressed in yeast and arabidopsis thaliana. | manganese (mn) is an important micronutrient element required for plant growth and development, playing catalytic roles in enzymes, membranes and dna replication. the tea plant (camellia sinensis) is able to accumulate high concentration of mn without showing signs of toxicity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain largely unknown. in this study, the c. sinensis cultivar 'ljcy' had higher mn tolerance than cultivar 'ys', because chlorophyll content reduction was lower under the hig ... | 2017 | 28051151 |
| cloning and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from tea plant (camellia sinensis). | tea leaves contain abundant flavan-3-ols, which include dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins. flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h: ec 1.14.13.21) is one of the enzymes in the establishment of the hydroxylation pattern. a gene encoding f3'h, designated as csf3'h, was isolated from camellia sinensis with a homology-based cloning technique and deposited in the genbank (genbank id: kt180309). bioinformatic analysis revealed that csf3'h was highly homologous with the characterized f3'hs from other ... | 2016 | 26907264 |
| characterization and cloning of laccase gene from hericium coralloides nbrc 7716 suitable for production of epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate. | epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate (etfgg) is a minor polyphenol found in black tea extract, which has good physiological functions. it is synthesized from epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) with gallic acid via laccase oxidation. various basidiomycetes and fungi were screened to find a suitable laccase for the production of etfgg. a basidiomycete, hericium coralloides nbrc 7716, produced an appropriate extracellular laccase. the purified laccase produced twice the level of etfgg compared with commercial ... | 2016 | 26672458 |
| brewing and volatiles analysis of three tea beers indicate a potential interaction between tea components and lager yeast. | green tea, oolong tea and black tea were separately introduced to brew three kinds of tea beers. a model was designed to investigate the tea beer flavour character. comparison of the volatiles between the sample of tea beer plus water mixture (tbw) and the sample of combination of tea infusion and normal beer (ctb) was accomplished by triangular sensory test and hs-spme gc-ms analysis. the pca of gc-ms data not only showed a significant difference between volatile features of each tbw and ctb gr ... | 2016 | 26616936 |
| functional analysis of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase from tea plant (camellia sinensis): critical role in the accumulation of catechins. | flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h), an important branch point enzyme in tea plant flavan-3-ol synthesis, belongs to the cyp75a subfamily and catalyzes the conversion of flavones, flavanones, dihydroflavonols and flavonols into 3',4',5'-hydroxylated derivatives. however, whether b-ring hydroxylation occurs at the level of flavanones and/or dihydroflavonols, in vivo remains unknown. | 2014 | 25490984 |
| metabolic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae for caffeine and theobromine production. | caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3, 7-dimethylxanthine) are the major purine alkaloids in plants, e.g., tea (camellia sinensis) and coffee (coffea arabica). caffeine is a major component of coffee and is used widely in food and beverage industries. most of the enzymes involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway have been reported previously. here, we demonstrated the biosynthesis of caffeine (0.38 mg/l) by co-expression of coffea arabica xanthosine methyltransferase (caxmt ... | 2014 | 25133732 |
| bacterial and fungal communities in pu'er tea samples of different ages. | pu'er is a major kind of postfermented tea and is made with a "large leaf" variety of camellia sinensis (c. sinensis assamica), whose distribution is limited to the mountains of southern yunnan, china. the quality of pu'er tea is believed to increase with storage (aging, maturing) because of postfermentation by microbes. the effect of storage period (from < 1 to 192 mo) on the bacteria and fungi in pu'er tea was investigated by a culture-dependent and a pcr-dgge method. the individual numbers of ... | 2013 | 23957415 |
| tea catechins and flavonoids from the leaves of camellia sinensis inhibit yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. | four new quercetin acylglycosides, designated camelliquercetisides a-d, quercetin 3-o-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)][2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucoside (17), quercetin 3-o-[2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucoside (18), quercetin 3-o-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)][2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucoside (19), and quercetin 3-o-[2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucos ... | 2012 | 22377672 |
| changes in free-radical scavenging ability of kombucha tea during fermentation. | kombucha tea is a fermented tea beverage produced by fermenting sugared black tea with tea fungus (kombucha). free-radical scavenging abilities of kombucha tea prepared from green tea (gtk), black tea (btk) and tea waste material (twk) along with ph, phenolic compounds and reducing power were investigated during fermentation period. phenolic compounds, scavenging activity on dpph radical, superoxide radical (xanthine-xanthine oxidase system) and inhibitory activity against hydroxyl radical media ... | 2008 | 26054285 |
| green tea (camellia sinesis) ameliorates female schistosoma mansoni-induced changes in the liver of balb/c mice. | this study was designed to assess the effect of green tea, an aqueous extract of camellia sinensis, on the oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and liver pathology of schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. green tea at concentration of 3% (w/v) was given orally to treated mice as sole source of drinking water from the end of the 4th week to the end of 10th week post-infection; untreated mice were allowed to drink normal water. the data of the studied s. mansoni-infected mice exhibited a supp ... | 2011 | 23961148 |
| nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and the effect of tea extracts on isolates. | this study aimed to determine the occurrence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) nasal carriage among patients, healthcare workers (hcws), and community individuals, as well as to test the effect of tea extracts on detected s. aureus isolates. | 2016 | 27749645 |
| assessment of bioautography and spot screening of tlc of green tea (camellia) plant extracts as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. | this study was carried out as a prerequisite to evaluate the therapeutic potential of camellia varieties. the crude extracts of six different plants of green tea camellia assamica and camellia sinensis were tested against three gram-positive and four gram-negative bacteria using agar disk diffusion method at 50 mg/ml concentration. 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and diphenyl-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium free radical scavenging methods were performed to evaluate the ... | 2014 | 25284935 |
| the effects of regular hot black tea consumption on nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | this study aims to evaluate the possible relationship between oral consumption of hot black tea and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) nasal carriage in a mid-sized town population in central anatolia. | 2014 | 25010803 |
| tannic acid inhibits staphylococcus aureus surface colonization in an isaa-dependent manner. | staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and pathogen that is capable of forming biofilms on a variety of host tissues and implanted medical devices. biofilm-associated infections resist antimicrobial chemotherapy and attack from the host immune system, making these infections particularly difficult to treat. in order to gain insight into environmental conditions that influence s. aureus biofilm development, we screened a library of small molecules for the ability to inhibit s. aureus biofilm ... | 2013 | 23208606 |
| synergy between antibiotics and natural agents results in increased antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus epidermidis. | staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections on indwelling medical devices. with the emergence of methicillin-resistant s. epidermidis (mrse), there is an urgent need to discover novel active agents against a range of gram-positive pathogens. we screened the clinical isolates of s. epidermidis for susceptibility/resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics. furthermore, we tested some natural agents alone and in combination with antibiotics ... | 2015 | 26409732 |
| antimicrobial activity of tea catechin against canine oral bacteria and the functional mechanisms. | epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the major polyphenolic compound of green tea. polyphenolic compounds were extracted from the leaf of camellia sinensis (japanese green tea), and the minimum inhibitory concentration against canine oral bacteria was measured. subsequently, we investigated the inhibitory effects of polyphenolic compounds and egcg on the growth of canine oral bacteria. egcg showed antimicrobial activity against a model bacterium, streptococcus mutans. our results indicate that egc ... | 2016 | 27246281 |
| inhibition of streptococcus mutans biofilm formation using extracts from assam tea compared to green tea. | streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive oral bacterium, has been identified as one of the principal etiological agents of human dental caries. to clarify the nature of the difference anti-biofilm effect against s. mutans between assam tea from camellia sinensis var. assamica, partially fermented, and green tea from camellia sinensis, non-fermented, active agents from the teas were purified. | 2016 | 27107380 |
| effect of different types of tea on streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. | if tea can be shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of streptococcus mutans there can be a basis for using it as an agent for reducing caries. | 2013 | 22842248 |
| comparing streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus colony count changes following green tea mouth rinse or sodium fluoride mouth rinse use in children (randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial). | green tea contains phenolic compounds which could be considered as an anticariogenic agent. in addition, there has not been any significant side effect reported compared to sodium fluoride. so it seems that any comparison between the effects of green tea extract on the level of cariogenic bacteria with sodium fluoride is beneficial. the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of sodium fluoride and green tea mouth rinses on the level of salivary streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus of ... | 2011 | 23372597 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities against cariogenic streptococci and their antioxidant capacities: a comparative study of green tea versus different herbs. | the antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of methanolic extracts from 11 herbs were investigated and compared with those of green tea (camellia sinensis). among the 12 tested herbs, eight herbal extracts could inhibit the growth of streptococcus sanguinis. jasmine, jiaogulan, and lemongrass were the most potent, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 1mg/ml, while green tea was less effective, with a mic of 4mg/ml. among ... | 2008 | 26047271 |
| survivability of vibrio cholerae o1 in cooked rice, coffee, and tea. | this study aimed to investigate the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in 3 types of preparation for cooked rice, oryza sativa l., (plain rice, rice with coconut milk, and rice with ginger); coffee, coffea canephora, (plain coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sweetened condensed milk); and tea, camellia sinensis, (plain tea, tea with sugar, and tea with sweetened condensed milk) held at room temperature (27°c). the survival of v. cholerae o1 was determined by spread plate method on tcbs agar. ... | 2013 | 26904604 |
| diverse colletotrichum species cause anthracnose of tea plants (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) in china. | anthracnose caused by colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases that can afflict camellia sinensis. however, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of colletotrichum in china remain limited. in this study, 106 colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased leaves of ca. sinensis cultivated in the 15 main tea production provinces in china. multi-locus phylogenetic analysis coupled with morphological identification showed that the collected isolates belonged to 11 sp ... | 2016 | 27782129 |
| overexpression of camellia sinensis thaumatin-like protein, cstlp in potato confers enhanced resistance to macrophomina phaseolina and phytophthora infestans infection. | thaumatin-like proteins (tlps), a class of pathogenesis related proteins are induced in response to pathogens and exhibit antifungal property when overexpressed in transgenic plants. in the present study, we have raised transgenic potato plants overexpressing tlp gene of camellia sinensis (cstlp). fungal resistance assays of transgenic potato elucidated the potential role of cstlp in imparting tolerance to fungal pathogens, macrophomina phaseolina (necrotrophic) and phytophthora infestans (hemi- ... | 2013 | 23086453 |
| metabolic changes of caffeine in tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) as defense response to colletotrichum fructicola. | tea plant (camellia sinensis) is one of the most economically valuable crops in the world. anthracnose can affect the growth of leaves and cause serious yield losses of tea. tea plants are rich in secondary metabolites; however, their roles in resistance to anthracnose are unclear. herein we compared the contents of total phenolics, catechins, and caffeine in two cultivars with different resistances to anthracnose during colletotrichum fructicola infection. (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), ... | 2016 | 27541180 |
| unravelling colletotrichum species associated with camellia: employing apmat and gs loci to resolve species in the c. gloeosporioides complex. | we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 144 colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of camellia sinensis and other camellia spp. from seven provinces in china (fujian, guizhou, henan, jiangxi, sichuan, yunnan, zhejiang), and seven isolates obtained from other countries, including indonesia, uk, and the usa. based on multi-locus (act, apmat, cal, gapdh, gs, its, tub2) phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characters, 11 species were distinguished, includi ... | 2015 | 26823629 |
| proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors. | seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. during germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.however, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of arabidopsis, rice (oryza sativa), soybean (glycine max), barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2013 | 23986916 |
| genotoxicity testing of different types of beverages in the drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. | five wines and one brandy of spanish origin as well as three herbal teas and ordinary black tea were tested for genotoxicity in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (smart) which makes use of the two recessive wing cell markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr3) on the left arm of chromosome 3 of drosophila melanogaster. 3-day-old larvae trans-heterozygous for these two markers were fed the beverages at different concentrations and for different feeding periods using drosophi ... | 1994 | 8206441 |
| ancient genome duplications during the evolution of kiwifruit (actinidia) and related ericales. | to assess the number and phylogenetic distribution of large-scale genome duplications in the ancestry of actinidia, publicly available expressed sequenced tags (ests) for members of the actinidiaceae and related ericales, including tea (camellia sinensis), were analysed. | 2010 | 20576738 |
| ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the west bank/palestine. | folk herbal medicine knowledge and its utilization by aboriginal cultures are not only useful for conservation of cultural traditions and biodiversity, but also useful for community healthcare and drug discovery in the present and in the future. | 2016 | 26883246 |
| adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. | this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ... | 2013 | 23472485 |
| an improved method for thin layer chromatographic analysis of saponins. | analysis of saponins by thin layer chromatography (tlc) is reported. the solvent system was n-butanol:water:acetic acid (84:14:7). detection of saponins on the tlc plates after development and air-drying was done by immersion in a suspension of sheep erythrocytes, followed by washing off the excess blood on the plate surface. saponins appeared as white spots against a pink background. the protocol provided specific detection of saponins in the saponins enriched extracts from aesculusindica (wall ... | 2012 | 26434348 |
| alpha-tocopherol content in 62 edible tropical plants. | vitamin e was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method. all the plants tested showed differences in their alpha-tocopherol content and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). the highest alpha-tocopherol content was in sauropus androgynus leaves (426.8 mg/kg edible portion), followed by citrus hystrix leaves (398.3 mg/kg), calamus scipronum (193.8 mg/kg), starfruit leaves averrhoa belimbi (168.3 mg/kg), red pepper capsicum annum (155.4 mg/kg), local celery apiu ... | 2001 | 11410015 |
| the immunomodulatory potential of selected bioactive plant-based compounds in breast cancer: a review. | breast cancer has continued to cause high cancer death rates among women worldwide. the use of plants' natural products in breast cancer treatment has received more attention in recent years due to their potentially wider safety margin and the potential to complement conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. plant-based products have demonstrated anticancer potential through different biological pathways including modulation of the immune system. immunomodulatory properties of medicinal plants have b ... | 2016 | 27539316 |
| natural cures for breast cancer treatment. | for centuries, herbs and plants have been used for medicinal purposes and as food as well. this review concerns about different types of plants that retain the immune stimulating and anti-tumor properties. large variety of active phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids, ligands, polyphenolics, terpenoids, sulfides, lignans and plant sterols has been identified in different types of herbs. these phytochemicals have different mechanisms of action. they either stimulate the protective enzyme ... | 2016 | 27275107 |
| medicinal plants--prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? a systematic review. | gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. a high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the rese ... | 2016 | 27268043 |
| natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. high blood sugar can produce long-term complications such as cardiovascular and renal disorders, retinopathy, and poor blood flow. its development can be prevented or delayed in people with impaired glucose tolerance by implementing lifestyle changes or the use of therapeutic agents. some of these drugs have been obtained from plants or have a microbial origin, such as galegine isolated from galega officin ... | 2015 | 26132858 |
| plants used as food and medicine by polish migrants in misiones, argentina. | in this article we discuss the importance of food plants, both introduced and native, in the pharmacopoeia of the polish community in misiones, argentina. food species constitute a relevant portion of all botanicals used by polish settlers in home therapies (41%), while introduced food species prevail among the continued herbal remedies used by the study group. we explain this pattern of use by food plant availability, their versatility as reflected in the number of medicinal applications, and a ... | 2015 | 25602720 |
| review on medicinal uses, pharmacological, phytochemistry and immunomodulatory activity of plants. | since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. researchers have discovered some important compounds from plants. the present work constitutes a review of the medicinal plants whose immunomodulant activity has been proven. we performed pubmed, embase, google scholar searches for research papers of medicinal plants having immunomodulant activity. medicinal plants used by traditional physicians or reported as having immunomodulant activity include acacia concocinna, camellia ... | 2017 | 25280022 |
| warfarin interactions with medicinal herbs. | recognition of the adverse effects of medicinal herbs is not routine and the reports on such effects are even less frequent in clinical practice. potential herb-drug interactions are of a major safety concern, especially for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like warfarin, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening. the interactions between warfarin and medicinal herbs described in the literature have been summarized in this paper relying on medline databa ... | 2014 | 25233607 |
| immunity: plants as effective mediators. | in the domain of nutrition, exploring the diet-health linkages is major area of research. the outcomes of such interventions led to widespread acceptance of functional and nutraceutical foods; however, augmenting immunity is a major concern of dietary regimens. indeed, the immune system is incredible arrangement of specific organs and cells that enabled humans to carry out defense against undesired responses. its proper functionality is essential to maintain the body homeostasis. array of plants ... | 2014 | 24564587 |
| effects of selected bioactive natural products on the vascular endothelium. | the endothelium, a highly active structure, regulates vascular homeostasis through the release of numerous vasoactive factors that control vascular tone and vascular smooth cell proliferation. a larger number of medicinal plants and their isolated chemical constituents have been shown to beneficially affect the endothelium. for example, flavonoids in black tea, green tea, and concord grape cause a vasodilation possibly through their antioxidant properties. allicin, a by-product of the enzyme all ... | 2013 | 23599064 |
| risk factors for multiple myeloma: a hospital-based case-control study in northwest china. | the distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of multiple myeloma (mm) suggests that both family history and environmental factors may contribute to its development. | 2012 | 22673750 |
| phenotyping studies to assess the effects of phytopharmaceuticals on in vivo activity of main human cytochrome p450 enzymes. | the extensive use of herbal drugs and their multiple components and modes of action suggests that they may also cause drug interactions by changing the activity of human cytochrome p450 enzymes. the purpose of the present review is to present the available data for the top 14 herbal drug sales in the u. s. studies describing the effects of herbal drugs on phenotyping substrates for individual cyps were identified by a comprehensive medline search. drugs included allium sativum (liliaceae), echin ... | 2012 | 22588833 |
| the screening analysis of antiradical activity of some plant extracts. | there is a need for screening studies in order to select plant extracts or plant raw materials with strong antiradical activity which could be used as medicines or substances to protect food from oxidation. in this paper the antiradical activities of some plant raw materials were investigated. | 2006 | 17115006 |
| sickle cell anemia: a potential nutritional approach for a molecular disease. | a certain population of red blood cells in patients with sickle cell anemia has an elevated density and possesses an abnormal membrane. these "dense cells" have a tendency to adhere to neutrophils, platelets, and vascular endothelial cells, and, thus, they could trigger vasoocclusion and the subsequent painful crisis from which these patients suffer. we developed a laboratory method of preparing such dense cells and found that nutritional antioxidant supplements, hydroxyl radical scavengers, and ... | 2000 | 10793299 |
| plants with potential use on obesity and its complications. | obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. this disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. there are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and it ... | 2015 | 26869866 |
| determination of trace and heavy metals in some commonly used medicinal herbs in ayurveda. | traditionally, the herbal drugs are well established for their therapeutic benefits. depending upon their geographical sources sometimes the trace and heavy metals' content may differ, which may lead to severe toxicity. so, the toxicological and safety assessment of these herbal drugs are one of the major issues in recent days. eight different plant species including aloe vera, centella asiatica, calendula officinalis, cucumis sativus, camellia sinensis, clitoria ternatea, piper betel and tagete ... | 2014 | 23222691 |
| molecular detection of cashew husk (anacardium occidentale) adulteration in market samples of dry tea (camellia sinensis). | species-specific pcr primers were developed from intergenic spacer regions of 5s ribosomal rna genes and used successfully in the detection of adulteration of cashew husk (anacardium occidentale l.) in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] samples. this is the first report of detecting adulteration in tea using molecular tools. application of this approach in detecting adulteration of other biological materials in tea, medicinal herbs and the composition of admixtures of ayurvedic herbs has bee ... | 2003 | 14598225 |
| viscosity differences between thickened beverages suitable for elderly patients with dysphagia. | dysphagia has been associated with a high risk of undernutrition and aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. it is commonly managed by adding commercial thickening agents to thicken liquids. the rheological behavior of these thickeners in water is known but there is lack of information with regard to other liquids. the aim of this study was to determine the viscosity of 11 beverages after adding commercial thickeners and to compare their viscosity with that of thickened water and also with the refe ... | 2014 | 24842337 |
| a systematic review of medicinal plants used for weight loss in brazil: is there potential for obesity treatment? | obesity is a pandemic disease and its prevalence is still increasing. moreover, it has important costs to public health. in brazil, many plants are used for weight loss by overweight or obese people, but there is a lack of scientific basis for this practice. many ethnobotanical studies aiming to characterize this usage have been published, but they are still limited by the region considered and the diversity of the popular knowledge. | 2015 | 26520790 |
| nigerian foodstuffs with prostate cancer chemopreventive polyphenols. | dietary polyphenols are antioxidants that can scavenge biological free radicals, and chemoprevent diseases with biological oxidation as their main etiological factor. in this paper, we review our laboratory data vis-ὰ-vis available literature on prostate cancer chemopreventive substances in nigerian foodstuffs. dacryodes edulis fruit, moringa oleifera and syzygium aromaticum contained prostate active polyphenols like ellagic acid, gallate, methylgallate, catechol, kaempferol quercetin and their ... | 2011 | 21992488 |
| green tea proanthocyanidins cause impairment of hormone-regulated larval development and reproductive fitness via repression of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, insulin-like peptide and cytochrome p450 genes in anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | successful optimization of plant-derived compounds into control of nuisance insects would benefit from scientifically validated targets. however, the close association between the genotypic responses and physiological toxicity effects mediated by these compounds remains underexplored. in this study, we evaluated the sublethal dose effects of proanthocyanidins (pas) sourced from green tea (camellia sinensis) on life history traits of anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) mosquitoes with an aim to unr ... | 2017 | 28301607 |
| slow release of plant volatiles using sol-gel dispensers. | the black citrus aphid, also known as the tea aphid, (toxoptera aurantii boyer) attacks economically important crops, including tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze). in the current study, silica sol-gel formulations were screened to find one that could carry and release c. sinensis plant volatiles to lure black citrus aphids in a greenhouse. the common plant volatile trans-2-hexen-1-al was used as a model molecule to screen for suitable sol-gel formulations. a znose (electronic sensor technolo ... | 2014 | 26470065 |
| potentiating effects of honey on antioxidant properties of lemon-flavoured black tea. | health benefits including antioxidant potential of black tea (camellia sinensis), lemon (citrus limon) and honey bees (apis mellifera) have been extensively reported. nevertheless, nothing is reported about the effects of their concomitant use. herein, those effects were evaluated in infusions of lemon-flavoured black tea with three different kinds of honey (light amber, amber and dark amber) from lavandula stoechas, erica sp. pl. and other indigenous floral species from north-east portugal, a r ... | 2013 | 22856394 |
| review of scientific evidence of medicinal convoy plants in traditional persian medicine. | one concept used in traditional persian medicine (tpm) for multidrug therapy is that of the convoy drug (mobadregh). according to tpm texts, convoy drugs are substances (or drugs), which facilitate the access of drugs or foods to the whole body or to specific organs. this study reviewed some convoy drugs presented in tpm, their biological effects, and their probable interactions with main drugs, considering the increased absorption through inhibition of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) efflux function, bio ... | 2017 | 27041871 |
| identification of a novel bzip transcription factor in camellia sinensis as a negative regulator of freezing tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | basic region/leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors play vital roles in the abiotic stress response of plants. however, little is known about the function of bzip genes in camellia sinensis . | 2017 | 28334275 |
| dual mechanisms regulating glutamate decarboxylases and accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tea (camellia sinensis) leaves exposed to multiple stresses. | γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. it has multiple positive effects on mammalian physiology and is an important bioactive component of tea (camellia sinensis). gaba generally occurs at a very low level in plants but gaba content increases substantially after exposure to a range of stresses, especially oxygen-deficiency. during processing of tea leaves, a combination of anoxic stress and mechanical damage are essential for th ... | 2016 | 27021285 |
| identification, classification, and expression profiles of heat shock transcription factors in tea plant (camellia sinensis) under temperature stress. | in vascular plants, heat shock transcription factors (hsfs) regulate heat stress response by regulating the expression of heat shock proteins. this study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the hsf family in tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. a total of 16 cshsfs were identified from the transcriptome database of tea plant and analyzed for their phylogenetic relationships, motifs, and physicochemical characteristics. on the basis of the phylogenetic comparison of tea plant wit ... | 2016 | 26431998 |
| codon usage bias analysis for the spermidine synthase gene from camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze. | the spermidine synthase (spds) gene exists widely in all types of plants. in this paper, the codon usage of the spds gene from camellia sinensis (csspds) was analyzed. the results showed that the codon usage of the csspds gene is biased towards the t-ended or a-ended codons, which is similar to that observed in 73 genes selected from the c. sinensis genome. an enc-plot for 15 spds genes from various plant species suggested that mutational bias was the major factor in shaping codon usage in these ... | 2015 | 26214415 |
| computational identification and analysis of mads box genes in camellia sinensis. | mads (minichromosome maintenance1 agamous deficiens serum response factor) box genes encode transcription factors and they play a key role in growth and development of flowering plants. there are two types of mads box genes- type i (serum response factor (srf)-like) and type ii (myocyte enhancer factor 2 (mef2)-like). type ii mads box genes have a conserved mikc domain (mads dna-binding domain, intervening domain, keratin-like domain, and c-terminal domain) and these were extensively studied in ... | 2015 | 25914445 |
| analysis of codon use features of stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene in camellia sinensis. | the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (sad) gene widely exists in all kinds of plants. in this paper, the camellia sinensis sad gene (cssad) sequence was firstly analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with genomes of the tea plant, other species and sad genes from 11 plant species. the results show that the cssad gene and the selected 73 of c. sinensis genes have similar codon usage bias. the cssad gene has a bias toward the synonymous codons with a and t ... | 2013 | 23774066 |
| [analysis of codon use features of cbf gene in camellia sinensis]. | cbf (c-repeat-binding factor) transcription factor exists widely in all kinds of plants. it is an important regulative factor in the process of plant resistance adversity. in this paper, camellia sinensis cbf1 gene sequence was analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with c. sinensis genes, genomes in other species, and cbf genes from 39 plant species. it is important to identify the codon usage of cscbf1 gene and select appropriate expression systems. the results ... | 2012 | 23262110 |
| identification, characterization and utilization of unigene derived microsatellite markers in tea (camellia sinensis l.). | despite great advances in genomic technology observed in several crop species, the availability of molecular tools such as microsatellite markers has been limited in tea (camellia sinensis l.). the development of microsatellite markers will have a major impact on genetic analysis, gene mapping and marker assisted breeding. unigene derived microsatellite (ugms) markers identified from publicly available sequence database have the advantage of assaying variation in the expressed component of the g ... | 2009 | 19426565 |
| effect of plant extracts on h2o2-induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. | arctium lappa (al), camellia sinensis (cs), echinacea angustifolia, eleutherococcus senticosus, panax ginseng (pg), and vaccinium myrtillus (vm) are plants traditionally used in many herbal formulations for the treatment of various conditions. although they are well known and already studied for their anti-inflammatory properties, their effects on h2o2-stimulated macrophages are a novel area of study. | 2014 | 25075197 |
| hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of standardized herbal extracts. | phyllanthus emblica, camellia sinensis, mangifera indica, punica granatum, and acacia catechu have been shown to possess widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases namely cancer, diabetes, liver disorders, and oxidative stress. | 2012 | 22701284 |
| [the roots of cha and gambir]. | this article attempts to trace the origin of tea. the author believes the ancient chinese tea, "chia", is either jicha (water extract from the pith of acacia catechu that grows naturally in the mountainous border between the yunnan province of china and southern asian countries) or jicha-kagikazura (water extract from the young branches and leaves of uncaris gambir, originally found in india/sri lanka). both were pulverized after being kiln-dried and then mixed with water to produce a thick susp ... | 2005 | 17152831 |
| peroxidase can perform the hydroxylation step in the 'oxidative cascade' during oxidation of tea catechins. | formation of black tea thearubigins involves at least two of the following oxidation steps: (i) oligomerization, (ii) rearrangement, (iii) hydroxylation. the first two are mainly catalysed by polyphenol oxidase(ppo), whereas the enzyme responsible for hydroxylation has not yet been identified. two main oxidative activities, peroxidase(pod) and ppo, occur in tea leaves. pod was hypothesized to be responsible for hydroxylation. model systems with horseradish pod and mushroom tyrosinase were used i ... | 2016 | 27723327 |
| investigation of processes in black tea manufacture through model fermentation (oxidation) experiments. | flavanol depleted whole fresh green tea leaf powder, as reported in the literature, was used as matrix for a systematic study of the endogenous oxidative enzymatic conversion of selected flavanol combinations to theaflavins and thearubigins. the activity of the two crucial enzymes polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and peroxidase (pod) was controlled individually through addition of h2o2 and/or o2. using the endogenous peroxidase only it was shown that (-)-epicatechin alone did not react with pod. accordi ... | 2014 | 25051300 |
| [thermostabilities of plant phenol oxidase and peroxidase, determining the technology of their use in food industry]. | stabilities of phenol oxidase and peroxidase from tea plant (camellia sinensis l.) clone kolkhida leaves, apple (malus domestica l.) cultivar kekhura fruits, walnut (juglans regia l.) green pericarp, and horseradish (armoracia lapathifolia gilib) roots were studied using different storage temperature modes and storage duration. it was demonstrated that both enzymes retained residual activities (approximately 10%) upon 20-min incubation at 80 degrees c. phenol oxidases from tea, walnut, and, espe ... | 2006 | 15859458 |
| new dibenzotropolone derivatives characterized from black tea using lc/ms/ms. | theaflavins and thearubigins are major pigments in black tea, and it is generally accepted that they are produced by oxidation of flavan-3-ols (catechins) during tea fermentation. in the course of studies on the oxidation mechanism of tea polyphenols, especially the formation of thearubigins, a method combining the enzymatic synthesis and lc/esi-ms/ms analysis was developed to search for new higher molecular weight polymers from black tea. three new dibenzotropolones, theadibenzotropolone a, b, ... | 2004 | 15142559 |
| role of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in the generation of black tea theaflavins. | it has been reported earlier that when macerated tea leaf is fermented at lower ph, the resultant black tea contains increased levels of theaflavin, an important quality marker in black tea. in an attempt to investigate the biochemistry and chemistry underlying this observation, in vitro oxidation experiments using polyphenol oxidase (ppo) from fresh tea leaves, horseradish peroxidase (pod), and tea catechins, precursors for theaflavins, were carried out. in vitro oxidation experiments using cru ... | 1999 | 10552528 |
| antioxidant activity of various teas against free radicals and ldl oxidation. | tea is a widely consumed beverage throughout the world. we assessed the antioxidant activity of six teas, including the aqueous extracts of green tea and oolong tea (camellia sinensis), tochu (eucommia ulmoides), gymnema sylvestre, japanese mugwort (artemisia princeps), and barley (hordeum vulgare), against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radicals and ldl oxidation, and examined the association of ldl oxidizability with the plasma catechin levels in 10 healthy volunteers with a single dose ... | 2005 | 16296404 |
| in vitro chemopreventive properties of green tea, rooibos and honeybush extracts in skin cells. | the chemopreventive properties of the herbal teas rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia spp.) have been demonstrated on mouse skin in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. the aim of the current study was to determine the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of rooibos and two cyclopia species in different skin cells, using green tea (camellia sinensis) as a benchmark. extracts were also characterised for their major individua ... | 2016 | 27897996 |