| investigation of the origin and transmission of linear mitochondrial plasmid based on phylogenetic analysis in japanese rapeseed varieties. | a linear mitochondrial plasmid is present in some varieties of rapeseed. to elucidate its origin and transmission the author investigated types of mitochondrial genome and the presence of plasmid in 78 rapeseed varieties and landraces in japan and carried out a comparative analysis using the breeding history of japanese rapeseed varieties. the mitochondrial genome of rapeseed was classified roughly into 2 types, type i (nap) and type ii (cam). type ii rapeseed mitochondria closely resembles that ... | 2007 | 17546088 |
| decolorization of direct dyes by salt fractionated turnip proteins enhanced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and redox mediators. | the present paper demonstrates the effect of salt fractionated turnip (brassica rapa) proteins on the decolorization of direct dyes, used in textile industry, in the presence of various redox mediators. the rate and extent of decolorization of dyes was significantly enhanced by the presence of different types of redox mediators. six out of 10 investigated compounds have shown their potential in enhancing the decolorization of direct dyes. the performance was evaluated at different concentrations ... | 2007 | 17524451 |
| abiotic constraints eclipse biotic resistance in determining invasibility along experimental vernal pool gradients. | effective management of invasive species requires that we understand the mechanisms determining community invasibility. successful invaders must tolerate abiotic conditions and overcome resistance from native species in invaded habitats. biotic resistance to invasions may reflect the diversity, abundance, or identity of species in a community. few studies, however, have examined the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors determining community invasibility. in a greenhouse experiment, ... | 2007 | 17494407 |
| ultraviolet a-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the swollen hypocotyls of turnip (brassica rapa). | ultraviolet a (uv-a)-mediated regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated in swollen hypocotyls of the red turnip 'tsuda'. the shaded swollen hypocotyls which contained negligible anthocyanin were exposed to artificial light sources including low fluence uv-b, uv-a, blue, red, far-red, red plus uv-a, far-red plus uv-a, and blue plus red. among these lights, only uv-a induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and co-irradiation of red or far-red with uv-a did not affect the extent of uv-a-indu ... | 2007 | 17426056 |
| bcmf13, a new reproductive organ-specific gene from brassica rapa. ssp. chinensis, affects pollen development. | a transcript-derived fragment (genbank accession number dn237920.1) accumulated in the wild-type flower buds of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis) was isolated and further investigated. the full length dna and cdna of the fragment were cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends. the gene, bcmf13, encodes a protein of 73 amino acids and is interrupted by an intron of 106 bp (genbank accession number ef158459). southern blot analysis reveale ... | 2008 | 17387632 |
| [microtubules in epidermal and cortical root cells of brassica rapa during clinorotation]. | using confocal microscopy the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton including endoplasmic and cortical microtubules (cmts) has been studied in epidermal and cortical cells of the different growth zones of main root of brassica rapa l. 6-days-old seedlings in control conditions and under clinorotation. it was shown that changes in cmts orientation occured only in the distal elongation zone (dez). in the control, cmt arrays oriented transversely to the root long axis. under clinorotation appearance ... | 2008 | 17385414 |
| a comparison of semiochemically mediated interactions involving specialist and generalist brassica-feeding aphids and the braconid parasitoid diaeretiella rapae. | diaeretiella rapae, a parasitoid that predominately specializes in the parasitism of brassica-feeding aphids, attacks lipaphis erysimi, a specialist feeding aphid of the brassicaceae and other families in the capparales, at a greater rate than the generalist-feeding aphid, myzus persicae. in this study, we investigated the orientation behavior of d. rapae to the volatile chemicals produced when these two aphid species feed on turnip (brassica rapa var rapifera). we showed no significant preferen ... | 2007 | 17333371 |
| rapid evolution of flowering time by an annual plant in response to a climate fluctuation. | ongoing climate change has affected the ecological dynamics of many species and is expected to impose natural selection on ecologically important traits. droughts and other anticipated changes in precipitation may be particularly potent selective factors, especially in arid regions. here we demonstrate the evolutionary response of an annual plant, brassica rapa, to a recent climate fluctuation resulting in a multiyear drought. ancestral (predrought) genotypes were recovered from stored seed and ... | 2007 | 17220273 |
| effects of mercury on visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of mustard spinach plants (brassica rapa p.). | mustard spinach plants were grown in mercury-spiked and contaminated soils collected in the field under controlled laboratory conditions over a full growth cycle to test if vegetation grown in these soils has discernible characteristics in visible/near-infrared (vnir) spectra. foliar hg concentrations (0.174-3.993ppm) of the mustard spinach plants were positively correlated with hg concentration of soils and varied throughout the growing season. equations relating foliar hg concentration to spec ... | 2007 | 17188786 |
| characterization of the centromere and peri-centromere retrotransposons in brassica rapa and their distribution in related brassica species. | we report the identification and characterization of the major repeats in the centromeric and peri-centromeric heterochromatin of brassica rapa. the analysis involved the characterization of 88 629 bacterial artificial chromosomes (bac) end sequences and the complete sequences of two bac clones. we identified centromere-specific retrotransposons of brassica (crb) and various peri-centromere-specific retrotransposons (pcrbr). three copies of the crb were identified in one bac clone as nested inse ... | 2007 | 17156411 |
| metabolomic differentiation of brassica rapa following herbivory by different insect instars using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the metabolic alterations of brassica rapa (l.) leaves attacked by larvae of the specialist plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) and the generalist spodoptera exigua hubner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) were investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, followed by a multivariate data analysis. the principal component analysis (pca) of (1)h nmr spectra showed that metabolic changes in b. rapa leaves induced by the 2nd and the 4th instars were different from each othe ... | 2006 | 17080307 |
| influence of irrigation methods and an adjuvant on the persistence of carbaryl on pakchoi. | influence of irrigation methods and use of an adjuvant on the persistence of the carbaryl (1-naphthyl n-methylcarbamate) on pakchoi [brassica rapa l. subsp. chinensis (rupr.) olsson] was studied using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. after applying carbaryl at a.i. 10.6 g l(-1) with or without an adjuvant (latron b-1956) to leaves, plants were provided water daily by either overhead or basal application. pesticide residue on leaf tissues was examined immediately after pesticid ... | 2013 | 17071867 |
| metabolomic analysis of methyl jasmonate treated brassica rapa leaves by 2-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. | the metabolomic analysis of brassica rapa leaves treated with methyl jasmonate was performed using 2-dimensional j-resolved nmr spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis. the principal component analysis of the j-resolved nmr spectra showed discrimination between control and methyl jasmonate treated plants by principal components 1 and 2. while the level of glucose, sucrose and amino acids showed a decrease after methyl jasmonate treatment, hydroxycinnamates and glucosinolate were hi ... | 2006 | 17046035 |
| fine mapping of the clubroot resistance gene, crr3, in brassica rapa. | a linkage map of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) was constructed to localize the clubroot resistance (cr) gene, crr3. quantitative trait loci analysis using an f(3) population revealed a sharp peak in the logarithm of odds score around the sequence-tagged site (sts) marker, opc11-2s. therefore, this region contained crr3. nucleotide sequences of opc11-2s and its proximal markers showed homology to sequences in the top arm of arabidopsis chromosome 3, suggesting a synteny between the two species. ... | 2006 | 17039346 |
| characterization of dna methyltransferase genes in brassica rapa. | dna methylation is essential for normal development and plays important roles in regulating gene expression in plants. analysis of the key enzymes catalyzing dna methylation is important to understand epigenetic phenomena. in this study, three putative methyltransferase genes, brmet1a, brmet1b, and brcmt, were isolated from a genome library of brassica rapa. structural conservation of the amino acid sequence between brmet1a/brmet1b and atmet1 and that between brcmt and atcmt3 suggests that they ... | 2006 | 17038795 |
| delayed flowering time in arabidopsis and brassica rapa by the overexpression of flowering locus c (flc) homologs isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.: ssp. pekinensis). | chinese cabbage plants remain in the vegetative growth phase until they have experienced prolonged exposure to cold temperature, known as vernalization. this inhibition of flowering is caused by the high levels of flowering locus c (flc) expression. to increase the product value of chinese cabbage by inhibiting the floral transition, three genes (brflc1, brflc2, and brflc3) homologous to the atflc gene, which encodes a floral repressor, were isolated from the chinese cabbage 'chiifu'. these gene ... | 2007 | 17024448 |
| a sequence-tagged linkage map of brassica rapa. | a detailed genetic linkage map of brassica rapa has been constructed containing 545 sequence-tagged loci covering 1287 cm, with an average mapping interval of 2.4 cm. the loci were identified using a combination of 520 rflp and 25 pcr-based markers. rflp probes were derived from 359 b. rapa est clones and amplification products of 11 b. rapa and 26 arabidopsis. including 21 ssr markers provided anchors to previously published linkage maps for b. rapa and b. napus and is followed as the reference ... | 2006 | 16988107 |
| bioaffinity-based an inexpensive and high yield procedure for the immobilization of turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase. | this study demonstrates the immobilization of carbohydrate containing turnip peroxidase on an inexpensive bioaffinity adsorbent, concanavalin a-cellulose support. the bioaffinity support was prepared simply by incubating cellulose powder with jack bean extract at 4 degrees c. cellulose powder adsorbed 30 mg concanavalin a/g of the matrix. concanavalin a adsorbed cellulose has been employed for the simultaneous purification and immobilization of glycoenzymes directly from ammonium sulphate fracti ... | 2006 | 16962372 |
| molecular cloning and stress-dependent regulation of potassium channel gene in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). | potassium channels are important for many physiological functions in plants, one of which is to regulate plant adaption to stress conditions. in this study, kct2, the gene encoding a membrane-bound protein potassium channel (genbank accession number: ), was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) by race-pcr technique. bioinformatics methods were performed for the gene structure and molecular similarity analysis. the kct2 expression patterns under various stress conditions ... | 2006 | 16949960 |
| effects of simulated microgravity on male gametophyte of prunus, pyrus, and brassica species. | in this study we evaluated the effect of simulated microgravity on pollen germination of both herbaceous and woody species in order to investigate the possibility of applying gametophytic selection for plant growth in the space environment. the behaviour of gametophytes exposed to the stress of clinostat rotation could be used to screen the degree of tolerance of the sporophyte to simulated microgravity. the use of male gametophyte selection overcomes the problems generally encountered by sporop ... | 2006 | 16937064 |
| effects of endocrine disruptor di-n-butyl phthalate on the growth of bok choy (brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). | the effects of the endocrine disrupter, di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp), on the growth of leaf vegetable bok choy (brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, white stem bok choy) were investigated. the results showed that leaves of bok choy became white in color with the occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis upon treating with 30 mg l(-1) dbp for 42 days. transmission electron microscopic images revealed that changes in the chloroplast structures accompanied the chlorosis. in addition, a decrease in biomass and ... | 2006 | 16824579 |
| alternative management tactics for control of phyllotreta cruciferae and phyllotreta striolata (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) on brassica rapa in massachusetts. | the flea beetles phyllotreta cruciferae (goeze) and phyllotreta striolata (f.) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: alticinae) are significant pests of crops in the brassicaceae family. from 2001 to 2003, the efficacy of both new and commonly used treatments for the control of flea beetles in brassicas, brassica rapa l., were evaluated in three small plot, randomized complete block design trials. row cover and carbaryl (applied as a weekly foliar spray) were found to be the most consistent at reducing da ... | 2006 | 16813315 |
| characterization of flavonol conjugates in immature leaves of pak choi [brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis l. (hanelt.)] by hplc-dad and lc-ms/ms. | the flavonoid composition of immature leaves of pak choi [brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis l. (hanelt.)] was investigated. flavonol aglycone content was measured in 11 pak choi varieties, indicating significant differences (p < 0.05) in content between varieties and relatively high contents of kaempferol and isorhamnetin. levels of quercetin ranged from 3.2 to 6.1 mg/100 g of dry weight (dw), whereas levels of isorhamnetin and kaempferol were significantly higher (8.1-35.1 and 36.0-102.6 mg/100 g ... | 2006 | 16787039 |
| chemical and biological characterization of non-extractable sulfonamide residues in soil. | for sulfonamides, the formation of non-extractable residues has been identified by laboratory testing as the most relevant concentration determining process in manured soil. therefore, the present study has been focused on the chemical and biological characterization of non-extractable residues of (14)c-labeled sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole. in laboratory batch experiments, the test substances were spiked via standard solution or test slurry to microbially active soil samples. after incubatio ... | 2006 | 16774778 |
| comparative analysis of the s-intergenic region in class-ii s haplotypes of self-incompatible brassica rapa (syn. campestris). | in the brassica self-incompatibility (si) system, a pollen determinant, sp11, is involved in dominance/recessive relationships in pollen si phenotypes. in order to gain some insights into the genomic structure around the sp11 and the mechanisms that give dominance/recessive relationships, we characterized the genomic region containing sp11 and srk genes in three pollen recessive class-ii s haplotypes. the direction of transcription of s genes was completely conserved among class-ii s haplotypes. ... | 2006 | 16607043 |
| gene conversion from slg to srk resulting in self-compatibility in brassica rapa. | self-compatible s-54 homozygotic plants were found in progenies of an f(1) hybrid cultivar in chinese cabbage. pollination tests revealed that this self-compatibility is controlled by the s locus and caused by the loss of the recognition function of the stigma. srk, the gene for the recognition molecule in the stigma, was normally transcribed and translated in the self-compatible plants. the 1034-bp region in the receptor domain of srk in the self-compatible plants was 100% identical to slg in s ... | 2006 | 16376883 |
| identification of phenylpropanoids in methyl jasmonate treated brassica rapa leaves using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | metabolic analysis showed a clear increase in phenylpropanoid levels in brassica rapa leaves after treatment with methyl jasmonate. a fraction of phenylpropanoids was prepared by diaion hp-20 and sephadex lh-20 column chromatography after meoh-water extraction. even with these purification steps, isolation of each phenylpropanoid for structure elucidation is not easy due to the low levels in the plants (ca. 0.004%). a mixture was analyzed without further purification using hplc-electrospray ioni ... | 2006 | 16375911 |
| physical mapping and microsynteny of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis genome corresponding to a 222 kbp gene-rich region of arabidopsis chromosome 4 and partially duplicated on chromosome 5. | we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library, designated as kbrh, from high molecular weight genomic dna of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (chinese cabbage). this library, which was constructed using hindiii-cleaved genomic dna, consists of 56,592 clones with average insert size of 115 kbp. using a partially duplicated dna sequence of arabidopsis, represented by 19 and 9 predicted genes on chromosome 4 and 5, respectively, and bac clones from the kbrh library, we studied conserv ... | 2005 | 16283385 |
| peculiarities [correction of pfculiarities] of lipid accumulation in brassica rapa l. embryos on different stages development under altered gravity. | accumulation of lipid inclusions in brassica rapa embryos generated under slow horizontal clinorotation and in the laboratory control were analyzed by histochemical methods. the research of lipid accumulation was carried out on consecutive stages of the embryo development, from the moment of two-cellular proembryo formation up to the stages of their full differentiation (21-22-day-old embryos). accumulation of lipid drops was revealed for the first time at early stages of embryogenesis in this s ... | 2004 | 16240518 |
| protein patterns of the brassica rapa ovules and seeds under altered gravity. | electrophoretic investigation of protein patterns of brassica rapa l. ovules and seeds from plants grown under clinorotation and in the laboratory control was carried out. ovules at different stages (7 and 18 days after pollination) and mature seeds were analyzed. polymorphism of seed storage proteins of b. rapa was taken into consideration in analysis of changes in ovule protein patterns under clinorotation. the appearance of a protein component in the region of about 43 kda was detected in pro ... | 2004 | 16240516 |
| effects of d-methionine or l-methionine on root hair of brassica rapa. | we examined the effects of d- or l-amino acids on the stimulation of brassica rapa roots. when 6.7 microm of d-methionine (d-met) or l-methionine (l-met) was applied, root hair numbers increased. l-met (above concentration of 67.0 microm) caused the tip of roots to spiral. when cocl2 (ethylene synthesis inhibitor) was added into the medium, l-met lost its activity but cocl2 did not inhibit the bioactivity of d-met. | 2003 | 16233432 |
| one step beyond lethal equivalents: characterization of deleterious loci in the rapid cycling brassica rapa l. base population. | the total number of lethal equivalents as defined by morton, crow and muller (1956) is a function of three parameters: m, the number of loci at which deleterious mutations can occur, q, the frequency of the deleterious alleles at each locus, and s, their selective value. a new approach based on multi-generation inbreeding data is outlined and used to infer these three parameters as well as the dominance coefficient, h, in a self-incompatible species, brassica rapa l. germination and flowering da ... | 1998 | 16220375 |
| genetic variation and selection response in model breeding populations of brassica rapa following a diversity bottleneck. | domestication and breeding share a common feature of population bottlenecks followed by significant genetic gain. to date, no crop models for investigating the evolution of genetic variance, selection response, and population diversity following bottlenecks have been developed. we developed a model artificial selection system in the laboratory using rapid-cycling brassica rapa. responses to 10 cycles of recurrent selection for cotyledon size were compared across a broad population founded with 2 ... | 2006 | 16157675 |
| characterization of rdnas and tandem repeats in the heterochromatin of brassica rapa. | we describe the morphology and molecular organization of heterochromatin domains in the interphase nuclei, and mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, of brassica rapa, using dapi staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) of rdna and pericentromere tandem repeats. we have developed a simple method to distinguish the centromeric regions of mitotic metaphase chromosomes by prolonged irradiation with uv light at the dapi excitation wavelength. application of this bleached dapi band (bdb) kary ... | 2005 | 15995362 |
| brassica rapa plants adapted to microgravity with reduced photosystem i and its photochemical activity. | the photosynthetic apparatus contains several protein complexes, many of which are regulated by environmental conditions. in this study, the influences of microgravity on psi and psii in brassica rapa plants grown aboard the space shuttle were examined. we found that brassica plants grown in space had a normal level of growth relative to controls under similar conditions on earth. upon return to earth, cotyledons were harvested and thylakoid membranes were isolated. analysis of chlorophyll conte ... | 2004 | 15959955 |
| direct and indirect assortative mating: a multivariate approach to plant flowering schedules. | this paper develops methods to partition the phenotypic correlation between mates for a focal trait--the standard measure for assortative mating--into a direct component and additional indirect components. indirect assortative mating occurs when a nonassorting trait is correlated within individuals to a directly assorting trait. direct and indirect assortative mating is assessed for flowering phenology in brassica rapa. the flowering time of pollen recipients (mothers) was strongly correlated (r ... | 2005 | 15842483 |
| dynamics of storage reserve deposition during brassica rapa l. pollen and seed development in microgravity. | pollen and seeds share a developmental sequence characterized by intense metabolic activity during reserve deposition before drying to a cryptobiotic form. neither pollen nor seed development has been well studied in the absence of gravity, despite the importance of these structures in supporting future long-duration manned habitation away from earth. using immature seeds (3-15 d postpollination) of brassica rapa l. cv. astroplants produced on the sts-87 flight of the space shuttle columbia, we ... | 2005 | 15747444 |
| identification and differential accumulation of two isoforms of the cf1-beta subunit under high light stress in brassica rapa. | the chloroplast atp synthase coupling factor cf1 complex contains five nonidentical subunits, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon, with a stoichiometry of 3:3:1:1:1. the beta subunit contains the catalytic site for atp synthesis during photooxidative phosphorylation in the chloroplast. in this study, we have identified two isoforms of the cf1-beta subunit at 56 and 54 kda in the chloroplast of brassica rapa, through isolation/purification, proteolytic digestion and internal peptide sequencing ... | 2004 | 15694282 |
| [isolation and characterization of bcmf3, a gene expressed only in maintainer line in chinese cabbage-pak-choi (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino var. communis tsen et lee)]. | expression profiling was performed using cdna-aflp technology on floral buds of a genic male sterile line (a line) and a maintainer line (b line) in chinese cabbage pak-choi (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino var. communis tsen et lee cv. aijiaohuang). a differentially expressed cdna fragment, ba18-t16, was obtained via selective amplification with a18/t16 primer pair. ba18-t16 was specifically associated with the maintainer line, and was expressed only in floral buds revealed by half ... | 2004 | 15651684 |
| attack rate and success of the parasitoid diaeretiella rapae on specialist and generalist feeding aphids. | lipaphis erysimi (kaltenbach) is a specialist crucifer feeding aphid and myzus persicae (sulzer) is a generalist feeding aphid. the foraging behavior of diaeretiella rapae (mcintosh), a parasitoid with the ability to parasitize both of these species, was assessed using a series of attack rate and success bioassays, with turnip, brassica rapa var rapifera, as the host plant. the attack rate of d. rapae was significantly greater on l. erysimi than on m. persicae when aphids were feeding on turnip ... | 2004 | 15586674 |
| a high-resolution karyotype of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis revealed by pachytene analysis and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. | a molecular cytogenetic map of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, 2 n=20) was constructed based on the 4'-6-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained mitotic metaphase and pachytene chromosomes and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mcfish), using three repetitive dna sequences, 5s rdna, 45s rdna, and c11-350h. the lengths of mitotic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.46 microm to 3.30 microm. five 45s and three 5s rdna loci identified were assigned to different ch ... | 2004 | 15365626 |
| chelator induced phytoextraction and in situ soil washing of cu. | in a soil column experiment, we investigated the effect of 5 mmol kg(-1) soil addition of citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetate (edta), diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate (dtpa) and [s,s]-stereoisomer of ethylenediamine-disuccinate (edds) on phytoextraction of cu from a vineyard soil with 162.6 mg kg(-1) cu, into the test plant brassica rapa var. pekinensis. we also examined the use of a horizontal permeable barrier, composed of layers of nutrient enriched sawdust and apatite, for reduction of ... | 2004 | 15312945 |
| overexpression of mitochondrial genes is caused by interactions between the nucleus of brassica rapa and the cytoplasm of diplotaxis muralis in the leaves of alloplasmic lines of b. rapa. | in brassica species, alloplasmic lines displaying cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) are established by combining the nucleus from b. rapa with the cytoplasm from diplotaxis muralis. the failure to observe restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns of mitochondrial genes ( coxii, coxiii, atpa, atp6, atp9, cob, nad3, nad6, and nad9) between alloplasmic lines of b. rapa and d. muralis indicates that introgression of the b. rapa nucleus into the cytoplasm of d. muralis does not cause an ... | 2004 | 15232719 |
| genetic variation in flowering time induces phenological assortative mating: quantitative genetic methods applied to brassica rapa. | it has been argued from first principles that plants mate assortatively by flowering time. however, there have been very few studies of phenological assortative mating, perhaps because current methods to infer paternal phenotype are difficult to apply to natural populations. two methods are presented to estimate the phenotypic correlation between mates-the quantitative genetic metric for assortative mating-for phenological traits. the first method uses individual flowering schedules to estimate ... | 2004 | 21653438 |
| the final step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in turnip tops (brassica rapa): molecular characterization of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase braco1 throughout zygotic embryogenesis and germination of heterogeneous seeds. | in a previous report from the present authors, it was shown that the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidation may play a crucial role during zygotic embryogenesis of turnip tops seeds. the present study was performed to elucidate the contribution of the silique-wall and seeds in ethylene production during this developmental process. acc content in the silique wall is only higher than in seeds during the middle phases of zygotic embryogenesis. the acc-oxidase (aco) activity peaks in the ... | 2004 | 15086827 |
| identification and mapping of resistance gene analogs and a white rust resistance locus in brassica rapa ssp. oleifera. | the objective of this investigation was to tag a locus for white rust resistance in a brassica rapa ssp. oleifera f(2) population segregating for this trait, using bulked segregant analysis with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers, linkage mapping and a candidate gene approach based on resistance gene analogs (rgas). the resistance source was the finnish line bor4109. the reaction against white rust races 7a and 7v was scored in 20 seedlings from each self-pollinated f(2 )individual. ... | 2004 | 15067390 |
| seed coat microsculpturing changes during seed development in diploid and amphidiploid brassica species. | seed coat morphology is known to be an excellent character for taxonomic and evolutionary studies, thus understanding its structure and development has been an important goal for biologists. this research aimed to identify the developmental differences of seed coats between amphidiploids and their putative parents in brassica. | 2004 | 15037452 |
| reserve nutrient substance accumulation in brassica rapa l. seeds in microgravity conditions (sts-87). | the results of study of brassica embryo differentiation and reserve nutrient substance accumulation in the seeds were represented. near resemblance of the spaceflight and around control embryo development was revealed. different character of the reserve substance accumulation was noted, despite of the morphologic similarity in seeds produced in spaceflight and on the ground. it allows to consider spaceflight embryos morphologically more younger compared to the ground control. | 2002 | 15002564 |
| state of brassica rapa photosynthetic membranes in microgravity. | the structural characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus of brassica rapa plants grown on board the space shuttle columbia (sts-87) for 15 days were examined using the methods of transmission electron microscopy and statistic programme stat. maintaining of the same growth conditions for control plants was realized with great accuracy using the orbiter environmental simulator in kennedy space center. a grana number per a medial section 1.8 times decreased in microgravity. considerable chang ... | 2002 | 15002560 |
| intergeneric hybridization between erucastrum cardaminoides and two diploid crop brassica species. | two intergeneric hybrids involving wild species erucastrum cardaminoides (2 n=18, e(cd) e(cd)) and two crop brassica species, brassica rapa (2 n=20, aa) and b. nigra (2 n=16, bb), were synthesized through in vitro sequential ovary culture. morphological, molecular and cytological studies were conducted to establish their hybridity. both hybrids, though morphologically distinct, were intermediate phenotypically between their respective parents. cytological analysis of the e. cardaminoides x b. ra ... | 2004 | 14985971 |
| effects of se and zn supplementation on the antagonism against pb and cd in vegetables. | the antagonistic effects of supplementation of zn and se to the soil on vegetables were studied in this work. in the pot experiment, se (se4+) and zn (zn2+) were applied, respectively, to the soil, in which the chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) and the lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) were planted. as a result, se and zn were enriched evidently in the two vegetables. the contents of pb and cd in the two vegetables were decreased markedly while contents of some healthy mineral elements, like mn and mg, ... | 2004 | 14749105 |
| regulation of brassica rapa chloroplast proliferation in vivo and in cultured leaf disks. | to understand the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast proliferation, chloroplast replication was studied in cultured leaf disks cut from plants of 25 species. in leaf disks from brassica rapa var. perviridis, the number of chloroplasts per cell increased remarkably in culture. we examined chloroplast replication in this plant in vivo and in culture media with and without benzyladenine, a cytokinin. in whole plants, leaf cells undergo two phases from leaf emergence to full expansion: an early pr ... | 2003 | 14714202 |
| phylogenetic analyses and expression studies reveal two distinct groups of calreticulin isoforms in higher plants. | calreticulin (crt) is a multifunctional protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. here, we present the first analysis, to our knowledge, of evolutionary diversity and expression profiling among different plant crt isoforms. phylogenetic studies and expression analysis show that higher plants contain two distinct groups of crts: a crt1/crt2 group and a crt3 group. to corroborate the existence of these isoform groups, we cloned a putative crt3 ortholog from brassic ... | 2003 | 14563927 |
| a novel locus for clubroot resistance in brassica rapa and its linkage markers. | an inbred turnip ( brassica rapa syn. campestris) line, n-wmr-3, which carries the trait of clubroot resistance (cr) from a european turnip, milan white, was crossed with a clubroot-susceptible doubled haploid line, a9709. a segregating f(3) population was obtained by single-seed descent of f(2) plants and used for a genetic analysis. segregation of cr in the f(3) population suggested that cr is controlled by a major gene. two rapd markers, opc11-1 and opc11-2, were obtained as candidates of lin ... | 2004 | 14551685 |
| structure of the male determinant factor for brassica self-incompatibility. | many flowering plants possess a self-incompatibility system to prevent inbreeding. in brassica rapa, self/non-self recognition in mating is established through s-haplotype-specific interactions between stigma receptors and s-locus protein 11 (sp11, also called s-locus cysteine-rich protein) that is encoded at the highly polymorphic s-locus. here we describe the solution structure of the sp11 protein of the s8-haplotype (s8-sp11), which specifically binds to the stigma factor of the same haplotyp ... | 2003 | 12835321 |
| the s haplotypes lacking slg in the genome of brassica rapa. | self-incompatibility (si) discriminating self- and non-self pollen is regulated by s-locus genes in brassica. in most of the s haplotypes, a highly polymorphic s-locus glycoprotein ( slg) gene is tightly linked to genes for the si determinants, s-receptor kinase ( srk) and sp11, although the precise function of slg in si has not been clarified. in the present study, we performed dna gel blot analysis for s(32), s(33), and s(36) haplotypes of brassica rapa showing normal si phenotypes and conclud ... | 2003 | 12789510 |
| genetic variation and relationships of constitutive and herbivore-induced glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, and herbivore resistance in brassica rapa. | we examined genetic variation in inducibility and in constitutive and herbivore-induced levels of glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, and resistance to herbivory in families of brassica rapa originating from a wild population. we also examined phenotypic and genetic correlations among absolute levels of these traits in control and induced plants. we grew seedlings of 10 half-sib families in pairs in pots, and exposed one plant per pair to folivory by trichoplusia ni larvae. two days later, we sa ... | 2003 | 12737259 |
| genomic organization of the s-locus region of brassica. | to gain some insights into the structure of the s-locus and the mechanisms that have kept its diversity, a 75-kb genomic fragment containing the self-incompatibility (s) locus region was isolated from the s12-haplotype of brassica rapa and compared with those of other s-haplotypes. the region around the s determinant genes was highly polymorphic and filled with s-haplotype-specific intergenic sequences. the diverse genomic structure must contribute to the suppression of recombination at the s-lo ... | 2003 | 12723613 |
| immunohistochemical studies on translocation of pollen s-haplotype determinant in self-incompatibility of brassica rapa. | the self-incompatibility system in brassica is controlled by the s-locus, which contains s-receptor kinase (srk) and s-locus protein 11 (sp11). srk and sp11 control stigma and pollen s-haplotype specificity, respectively. sp11 binding to srk induces the autophosphorylation of srk, which triggers the signaling cascade that results in the rejection of self-pollen. the localization of sp11 protein during pollen development and pollination, however, have never been demonstrated. in this study, we ex ... | 2003 | 12721384 |
| ethylenediaminedissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction. | using a soil column experiment, we compared the effect of a single dose and weekly additions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and ethylenediaminedissuccinate (edds) on the uptake of pb, zn, and cd by chinese cabbage [brassica rapa l. subsp. pekinensis (lour.) hanelt], and on the leaching of heavy metals through the soil profile. the analysis of plant material revealed that both chelates increased the concentrations of pb and, to a lesser extent, also of zn and cd in the leaves of the te ... | 2013 | 12708673 |
| genomic organization of the s core region and the s flanking regions of a class-ii s haplotype in brassica rapa. | the nucleotide sequence of an 86.4-kb region that includes the sp11, srk, and slg genes of brassica rapa s-60 (a class-ii s haplotype) was determined. in the sequenced region, 13 putative genes were found besides sp11-60, srk-60, and slg-60. five of these sequences were isolated as cdnas, five were homologues of known genes, cdnas, or orfs, and three are hypothetical orfs. based on their nucleotide sequences, however, some of them are thought to be non-functional. two regions of colinearity betw ... | 2003 | 12684882 |
| [rapd analysis for the genetic diversity of brassica rapa in tibet]. | tibet, a most beautiful place, locating in southwestern china. she has been called as the third pole of the earth. unique geological history, complex land surface and climatic zones, various soil types, all different wild vegetations etc., all of these make tibet a very typical area of vertical agricultural ecosystem. the ecosystem in tibet may be the most complex in the world, which varies from place to place. genetic differentiation of 107 accessions of brassica rapa from tibet plateau was stu ... | 2002 | 12645268 |
| induced phytoextraction/soil washing of lead using biodegradable chelate and permeable barriers. | chelate-induced remediation has been proposed as an effective tool for the extraction of lead (pb) from contaminated soils by plants. however, side-effects, mainly mobilization and leaching of pb, raise environmental concerns. biodegradable, synthetic organic chelate ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds), and commonly used ethylenedimanetetraacetic acid (edta) were used for induced phytoextraction with a test plant brassica rapa and in situ washing of soil contaminated with 1350 mg/kg of pb. hor ... | 2003 | 12630481 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellites in brassica rapa l. | we report here the isolation and characterization of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs), in brassica rapa. the size-fractionated genomic library was screened with (ga)(15) and (gt)(15) oligonucleotide probes. a total of 58 clones were identified as having the microsatellite repeats, and specific primer pairs were designed for 38 microsatellite loci. all primer pairs, except two, amplified fragments having the sizes expected from the sequences. of the 36 primer pairs, 35 amplified ... | 2002 | 12582617 |
| intergeneric hybridization between erucastrum canariense and brassica rapa. genetic relatedness between e(c) and a genomes. | an intergeneric hybrid between a wild species, erucastrum canariense (2n = 18; e(c)e(c)), and a cultivated oilseed brassica species, brassica rapa (2n = 20; aa), was synthesized through ovary culture in white's basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate. morphological, cytological and dna-based analysis helped to establish the hybrid nature of the derived plants. hybrid plants were morphologically intermediate between the two parents and were completely male, as well as female sterile. cy ... | 2002 | 12582489 |
| a recent polyploidy superimposed on older large-scale duplications in the arabidopsis genome. | the arabidopsis genome contains numerous large duplicated chromosomal segments, but the different approaches used in previous analyses led to different interpretations regarding the number and timing of ancestral large-scale duplication events. here, using more appropriate methodology and a more recent version of the genome sequence annotation, we investigate the scale and timing of segmental duplications in arabidopsis. we used protein sequence similarity searches to detect duplicated blocks in ... | 2003 | 12566392 |
| a flavonoid from brassica rapa flower as the uv-absorbing nectar guide. | the corolla of brassica rapa has an uv-absorbing zone in its center, known as the nectar guide for attracting pollinating insects. the pigment which plays the role of the nectar guide was isolated from the petals and identified to be isorhamnetin 3,7-o-di-beta-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of ms and nmr spectroscopic data. the d-, l-configurations of the sugar moieties were determined by the fluorometric hplc method. in plants raised in open field, there was a 13-fold higher content of the comp ... | 2002 | 12359520 |
| a study of the phylogeny of brassica rapa, b. nigra, raphanus sativus, and their related genera using noncoding regions of chloroplast dna. | there are two evolutionary lineages in the genus brassica: the rapa/oleracea lineage and the nigra lineage. using nuclear dna sequences such as the intergenic spacer between 5s rrna genes and the internal transcribed spacer between 18s and 25s rrna genes, we and others had previously demonstrated that raphanus sativus is closely related to the nigra lineage. in the present study, we sequenced the chloroplast noncoding region between trnt and trnf and that between trnd and trnt in seven species a ... | 2002 | 12069556 |
| accumulation of hmx (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) in indigenous and agricultural plants grown in hmx-contaminated anti-tank firing-range soil. | to investigate their potential for phytoremediation, selected agricultural and indigenous terrestrial plants were examined fortheir capacity to accumulate and degrade the explosive octahydro-1 ,3,5,7-tetra nitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (hmx). plant tissue and soil extracts were analyzed for the presence of hmx and possible degradative metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array uv detection (hplc-uv), micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode-array uv detection ... | 2002 | 11811476 |
| cytology, rapd, and seed colour of progeny plants from brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids and development of monosomic addition lines. | progeny plants from brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids were characterized genetically by scoring random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers and seed colour and cytologically as to chromosome number and pairing. sets of rapd markers specific for each of the encountered eight alien brassica alboglabra chromosomes were defined. the finding of subsets of markers associated with the presence or absence of alien chromosomes inferred the frequent occurrence of intergenomic genetic recombination a ... | 2001 | 11768204 |
| evidence of root zone hypoxia in brassica rapa l. grown in microgravity. | a series of experiments was conducted aboard the u.s. space shuttle and the mir space station to evaluate microgravity-induced root zone hypoxia in rapid-cycling brassica (brassica rapa l.), using both root and foliar indicators of low-oxygen stress to the root zone. root systems from two groups of plants 15 and 30 d after planting, grown in a phenolic foam nutrient delivery system on the shuttle (sts-87), were harvested and fixed for microscopy or frozen for enzyme assays immediately postflight ... | 2001 | 11725801 |
| main characteristics of biological components of developing life support system observed during the experiments aboard orbital complex mir. | since 1990, the orbital complex mir has witnessed several incubator experiments for determination of spaceflight effects on embryogenesis of japanese quail. first viable chicks who had completed the whole embryological cycle in mir microgravity hatched out in 1990; it became clear that newborns would not be able to adapt to microgravity unaided. there were 8 successful incubations of chicks in the period from 1990 to 1999. in 1995-1997 the mir-nasa space science program united russian and us inv ... | 2001 | 11695432 |
| [growth and development of plants in a sequence of generations under the conditions of space flight (experiment greenhouse-3)]. | the purpose was to study characteristic features of growth and development of several plant generations in space flight in experiment greenhouse-3 as a part of the russian-us space research program mir/nasa in 1997. the experiment consisted of cultivation of brassica rapa l. in board greenhouse svet. two vegetative cycles were fully completed and the third vegetation was terminated on day 13 on the phase of budding. the total duration of the space experiment was 122 days, i.e. same as in the gro ... | 2001 | 11589157 |
| influence of microgravity on ultrastructure and storage reserves in seeds of brassica rapa l. | successful plant reproduction under spaceflight conditions has been problematic in the past. during a 122 d opportunity on the mir space station, full life cycles of brassica rapa l. were completed in microgravity in a series of three experiments in the svet greenhouse. ultrastructural and cytochemical analyses of storage reserves in mature dry seeds produced in these experiments were compared with those of seeds produced during a high-fidelity ground control. additional analyses were performed ... | 2000 | 11543312 |
| spaceflight effects on structural and some biochemical parameters of brassica rapa photosynthetic apparatus. | chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth by their dual property in performing the primary fixation of carbon and also in releasing oxygen for use in respiration. collection of light and its transformation into chemical energy occurs in a thylakoid membrane which is one of the most remarkable transducing systems in the biological world. in order for the light-dependent reactions could take place, a high degree of molecular organization of its constituents is needed. some resul ... | 1999 | 11543044 |
| ultrastructural observation of altered chloroplast morphology in space-grown brassica rapa cotyledons. | photosynthesis will be indispensable in a bioregenerative life-support systems for long space missions. it is critical understand the effects of space on this complex process, especially the loss of gravity. past has noted changes in plant growth and development; differences about cell size, shape, division, and differentiation; and plastid distribution and structure alterations. the amyloplast-containing columelar cells in root tips were carefully examined since they are likely gravity-sensing ... | 1999 | 11543043 |
| some characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of spaceflight. | during colonization of space by humans, the bioregenerative life-support systems on board the space ships will require the plants with a highly efficient photosynthesis, a process producing food and o2 and removing co2-therefore, in recent years the scientists increasingly focus the their attention to study on photosynthetic apparatus of plants grown in space. although the available data are quite scanty and, at times, controversial, it is considered that the space grown plants differ from aroun ... | 1999 | 11542989 |
| dna content and differentiation of root apical cells of brassica rapa plants grown in microgravity. | root cap is proposed to be a graviperceptive tissue in the plant root, and it is composed of several cell types. one such cell type, the columella cells, are thought to initiate the gravity-induced signal transduction cascade, and these cells arise from the activity of the meristematic zone of the root cap. there is, in fact, a continuum of cells in the central column of the root cap representing the meristematic cells, developing columella cells, mature cells, and those that will soon be slough ... | 1999 | 11542985 |
| genetic diversity of allozymes in turnip (brassica rapa l. var. rapa) from the nordic area. | genetic diversity and relationships based on isozymes were studied in 31 accessions of turnip (brassica rapa l. var. rapa). the material included varieties, elite stocks, landraces and older turnip of slash-and-burn type from the nordic area. a total of 9 isozyme loci and 26 alleles were studied. the isozyme systems were aco, dia, gpi, got, pgm, pgd and skd. the level of heterozygosity was reduced in the landraces, but it was high for the variety group 'ostersundom'. turnip has a higher genetic ... | 2001 | 11525064 |
| partial purification of polyphenol oxidase from chinese cabbage brassica rapa l. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) was purified and characterized from chinese cabbage by ammonium sulfate precipitation and deae-toyopearl 650m column chromatography. substrate staining of the crude protein extract showed the presence of three isozymic forms of this enzyme. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 65 kda by gel filtration on toyopearl hw-55f. on sds-page analysis, this enzyme was composed of a subunit molecular weight of 65 kda. the optimum ph was 5.0 ... | 2001 | 11513690 |
| shoot δ(15)n and δ (13)c values of non-host brassica rapa change when exposed to ±glomus etunicatum inoculum and three levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. | glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the response of non-host brassica rapa and host sorghum bicolor to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus etunicatum when given different levels of n (0.9 mmol kg(-1) sand, 2.7 mmol kg(-1) sand, 8.1 mmol kg(-1) sand) and p (3.6 µmol kg(-1) sand, 10.7 µmol kg(-1) sand, 32.0 µmol kg(-1) sand) fertiliser. on both plant species, the presence of g. etunicatum inoculum (+amf) was associated with significant changes of shoot δ(15)n ... | 2001 | 24595435 |
| the last step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in turnip tops (brassica rapa) seeds: alterations related to development and germination and its inhibition during desiccation. | the involvement of ethylene in zygotic embryogenesis is a little known aspect of the growth and development in higher plants. in the present work, we study the alterations of the last step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway during the formation period of turnip tops (brassica rapa cv. rapa) seeds and its repercussions in the germination process and post-germinative growth. for this, we chose 11 different phases of silique development, the first being the recently fertilized pistil and the last ... | 2001 | 11454233 |
| molecular genetic analysis of the candidate gene for mod, a locus required for self-incompatibility in brassica rapa. | the mip-mod (for mod-locus associated major intrinsic protein) gene encodes an aquaporin-like product, and has been reported to be a candidate for the mod gene which is required for the self-incompatibility response in brassica rapa. in an antisense suppression experiment designed to investigate the role of mip-mod, we found that levels of mip-mod mrna in the stigmas of fourteen antisense transgenics, as well as in the self-incompatible cultivar osome (osm), were much lower than in the stigmas o ... | 2001 | 11405635 |
| the uptake and speciation of various al species in the brassica rapa pekinensis. | an investigation was carried out on the uptake and speciation of al species in al tolerant chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). plants were exposed to 10 microg cm(-3) of al in the chemical forms of al3+, al-citrate and al-malate in a time span from 1 up to 24 h. in each experiment the nutrient solution and stem sap were analysed by a combination of fplc icp aes and es ms ms techniques. speciation analysis enabled determination of particular chemical forms of al present in the nut ... | 2001 | 11382234 |
| brassica rapa has three genes that encode proteins associated with different neutral lipids in plastids of specific tissues. | plastid lipid-associated protein (pap), a predominant structural protein associated with carotenoids and other non-green neutral lipids in plastids, was shown to be encoded by a single nuclear gene in several species. here we report three pap genes in the diploid brassica rapa; the three paps are associated with different lipids in specific tissues. pap1 and pap2 are more similar to each other (84% amino acid sequence identity) than to pap3 (46% and 44%, respectively) in the encoded mature prote ... | 2001 | 11351096 |
| a study of deleterious gene structure in plants using markov chain monte carlo. | the characteristics of deleterious genes have been of great interest in both theory and practice in genetics. because of the complex genetic mechanism of these deleterious genes, most current studies try to estimate the overall magnitude of mortality effects on a population, which is characterized classically by the number of lethal equivalents. this number is a combination of several parameters, each of which has a distinct biological effect on genetic mortality. in conservation and breeding pr ... | 1999 | 11318190 |
| syntheses and biological activities of pyranyl-substituted cinnamates. | twenty-two kinds of pyranyl-substituted cinnamates were synthesized by the reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2h-pyran-2-one or 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2h-pyran-2-one (hmp) with a variety of substituted cinnamic acids, and their antifungal and plant growth inhibitory activities were investigated. among the compounds prepared, 6-methyl-2-oxo-2h-pyran-4-yl 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)propenoate (h5) showed the strongest antifungal activity against rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium dellfinii, and 6-methyl ... | 2001 | 11272821 |
| heritable variation in a family-diagnostic trait. | derived characters that have not changed during the diversification of a clade provide traits that are diagnostic at higher taxonomic levels. the tetradynamous stamen condition (four long and two short stamens) of the brassicaceae is an example of a diagnostic trait that has not changed during the diversification of this large flowering plant family. we investigated one hypothesis that might explain the long-term stasis of this trait-that tetradynamous stamens have persisted because of an absenc ... | 2000 | 11005309 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. | non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated from six different organs at various developmental stages of chinese cabbage, brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. of the 1,295 ests, 915 (71%) showed significantly high homology in nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences with other sequences deposited in databases, while 380 did not show similarity to any sequences. briefly, 598 ests matched with proteins of identified biological function, 177 with hypothetical proteins or non-annotate ... | 2000 | 10987136 |
| alteration of the self-incompatibility phenotype in brassica by transformation of the antisense slg gene. | self-incompatible (si) brassica rapa (syn. b. campestris) was transformed with an antisense slg gene by using slg8 cdna isolated from the b. campestris s8 homozygote. two transformed lines were obtained and analyzed. northern blot and western blot analyses revealed that endogenous slg and srk were greatly reduced of the transcriptional and translational levels in the transformant. pollination experiments confirmed that their si phenotype had broken down. in addition, the progeny with the antisen ... | 2000 | 10879472 |
| pollination and embryo development in brassica rapa l. in microgravity. | plant reproduction under spaceflight conditions has been problematic in the past. in order to determine what aspect of reproductive development is affected by microgravity, we studied pollination and embryo development in brassica rapa l. during 16 d in microgravity on the space shuttle (sts-87). brassica is self-incompatible and requires mechanical transfer of pollen. short-duration access to microgravity during parabolic flights on the kc-135a aircraft was used initially to confirm that equal ... | 2000 | 10777443 |
| gravity independence of seed-to-seed cycling in brassica rapa. | growth of higher plants in the microgravity environment of orbital platforms has been problematic. plants typically developed more slowly in space and often failed at the reproductive phase. short-duration experiments on the space shuttle showed that early stages in the reproductive process could occur normally in microgravity, so we sought a long-duration opportunity to test gravity's role throughout the complete life cycle. during a 122-d opportunity on the mir space station, full life cycles ... | 2000 | 10750897 |
| the s receptor kinase determines self-incompatibility in brassica stigma. | the self-incompatibility possessed by brassica is an intraspecific reproductive barrier by which the stigma rejects self-pollen but accepts non-self-pollen for fertilization. the molecular/biochemical bases of recognition and rejection have been intensively studied. self-incompatibility in brassica is sporophytically controlled by the polymorphic s locus. two tightly linked polymorphic genes at the s locus, s receptor kinase gene (srk) and s locus glycoprotein gene (slg), are specifically expres ... | 2000 | 10706292 |
| introduction of slg (s locus glycoprotein) alters the phenotype of endogenous s haplotype, but confers no new s haplotype specificity in brassica rapa l. | self-incompatibility (si) in brassicaceae is genetically controlled by the s locus complex in which s locus glycoprotein (slg) and s receptor kinase (srk) genes have been identified, and these two genes encoding stigma proteins are believed to play important roles in si recognition reaction. here we introduced the slg43 gene of brassica rapa into a self-incompatible cultivar, osome, of b. rapa, and examined the effect of this transgene on the si behavior of the transgenic plants. preliminary pol ... | 1999 | 10480389 |
| increased allergen production in turnip (brassica rapa) by treatments activating defense mechanisms. | practical applications to enhance the productivity of agriculture by using plants with improved resistance to pathogens are expected to increase in the near future. defense proteins play an important role in pathogen resistance, and some defense-related proteins are significant cross-reacting allergens. for example, cross-allergies are common among patients allergic to natural rubber latex (nrl), which contains many defense-related proteins. | 1999 | 10400861 |
| [biological life support systems: investigations on board of orbital complex "mir"]. | from 1989 till 1998 twelve experiments were performed by bulgarian, russian, slovak, and us researchers and engineers on the effects of space flight on the model of ecosystem "algae-fishes-bacteria", and ontogenesis of birds (japanese quail) and higher plants. for the first time several viable chicks were hatched and passed the whole cycle of their embryonic development in the mir microgravity. the length of the plant ontogenetic cycle as a whole and its specific stages appeared to be same as on ... | 1999 | 10330564 |
| soil-based phytotoxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) to terrestrial higher plants | seed germination and early stage seedling growth tests were conducted to determine the ecotoxicological threshold of 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) in two soils of different properties. soils were amended up to 1,600 mg tnt kg-1 soil and four representative species of higher plants, two dicotyledons (lepidium sativum l., common name: cress; and brassica rapa metzg., turnip) and two monocotyledons (acena sativa l., oat; and triticum aestivum l., wheat), were assessed. cumulative seed germination an ... | 1999 | 9888960 |
| the biosynthesis of erucic acid in developing embryos of brassica rapa | the prevailing hypothesis on the biosynthesis of erucic acid in developing seeds is that oleic acid, produced in the plastid, is activated to oleoyl-coenzyme a (coa) for malonyl-coa-dependent elongation to erucic acid in the cytosol. several in vivo-labeling experiments designed to probe and extend this hypothesis are reported here. to examine whether newly synthesized oleic acid is directly elongated to erucic acid in developing seeds of brassica rapa l., embryos were labeled with [14c]acetate, ... | 1998 | 9733537 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna encoding a pollen extracellular protein as a potential source of a pollen allergen in brassica rapa. | a polyclonal antiserum was raised against the extracellular pollen proteins of brassica rapa and used for screening the expression cdna libraries made from immature anthers. we obtained five groups of cdna clones, including cdnas similar to pcp1, thioredoxin, and lipid transfer protein (ltp). recombinant protein of the cdna clone showing sequence similarity to ltp was demonstrated to bind ige of a patient allergic to brassica pollen. the cdna clone reported here, therefore, represents a novel po ... | 1998 | 9539157 |
| purification and characterization of ferredoxin-sulfite reductase from turnip (brassica rapa) leaves and comparison of properties with ferredoxin-sulfite reductase from turnip roots. | ferredoxin-sulfite reductase (fd-sir) [hydrogen-sulfide: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, ec 1.8.7.1] from turnip leaves (sir-l) has been purified to homogeneity and its enzymatic properties compared with that from turnip roots (sir-r). each enzyme had a molecular mass of 64.5 +/- 0.5 kda by sds-page and an isoelectric point of 5.15 +/- 0.05. although each had a ph optimum around 7.8 with the same effects of inhibitors, sir-l had higher heat stability at 60 degrees c than sir-r. moreover, sir-r had a ... | 1997 | 9339549 |