| [studies on the enzymatic metabolism of streptomyces griseus. 32. alpha-mannosidase activity]. | | 1960 | 14429364 |
| [intracavitary mycetoma due to streptomyces griseus]. | | 1959 | 14436059 |
| effect of cations on mannosidostreptomycinase and streptomycin production by streptomyces griseus. | | 1960 | 14445655 |
| the formation of n-methyl-l-glucosamine from d-glucose by streptomyces griseus. | | 1960 | 14446764 |
| myo-inositol in the biosynthesis of streptomycin by streptomyces griseus. | when myo-inositol is present in a growing culture of streptomyces griseus the yield of streptomycin is increased, and the amount of carbon-14-from uniformly labeled glucose-incorporated into the streptidine and streptobiosamine moieties of streptomycin is lowered by 41 percent and 21.7 percent, respectively. these results present strong indirect evidence for the participation of myo-inositol or its metabolic products in streptidine biosynthesis. | 1962 | 14468644 |
| occurrence of a porphyrin pigment in streptomycetes. | the formation of an intramycelial red pigment of coproporphyrin type in submerged cultures of streptomyces griseus and s. fradiae was detected. its production is more intensive in the variants of s. griseus z38 that give a low yield of streptomycin, and in the absence of fe(++) in fermentation media. | 1962 | 14477557 |
| [microscopic structure of actinomycete colonies. actinomyces griseus]. | | 1961 | 14488924 |
| involvement of sigma(h) and related sigma factors in glucose-dependent initiation of morphological and physiological development of streptomyces griseus. | we cloned and characterized sigh encoding a stress-response sigma factor, sigma(h), of streptomyces griseus. nucleotide sequencing of the sigh gene cluster revealed an identical gene organization as in the orthologous region of streptomyces coelicolor a3(2). transcriptional analysis by s1 nuclease mapping showed the presence of three tandem promoters (p1-p3) that direct transcription of sigh. the activity of p1 was markedly reduced in a sigh-depleted mutant, suggesting its dependence on sigma(h) ... | 2003 | 14597396 |
| a rare leucine codon in adpa is implicated in the morphological defect of blda mutants of streptomyces coelicolor. | streptomycetes are mycelial bacteria that produce sporulating aerial hyphae on solid media. bald (bld) mutants fail to form aerial mycelium under at least some conditions. blda encodes the only trna species able to read the leucine codon uua efficiently, implying the involvement of a tta-containing gene in initiating aerial growth. one candidate for such a gene was bldh, because the bldh109 mutant of streptomyces coelicolor resembles blda mutants in some aspects. in the work reported here, adpac ... | 2003 | 14617172 |
| amfr, an essential gene for aerial mycelium formation, is a member of the adpa regulon in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus. | in streptomyces griseus, a-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3r-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) acts as a chemical signalling molecule that triggers morphological differentiation and secondary metabolism. a transcriptional activator, adpa, in the a-factor regulatory cascade switches on a number of genes required for both processes, thus forming an adpa regulon. amfr encoding a regulatory protein similar to response regulators of bacterial two-component regulatory systems and essential for aerial myceliu ... | 2003 | 14622407 |
| organizational and mutational analysis of a complete fr-008/candicidin gene cluster encoding a structurally related polyene complex. | the complete gene cluster for biosynthesis of a polyene complex, fr-008, spans 137.2 kb of the genome of streptomyces sp. fr-008 consisting of six genes for a modular pks and 15 additional genes. the extensive similarity to the partially characterized candicidin gene cluster in streptomyces griseus imru3570, especially for genes involved in mycosamine biosynthesis, prompted us to compare the compounds produced by streptomyces sp. fr-008 and streptomyces griseus imru3570, and we found that fr-008 ... | 2003 | 14652074 |
| the folding landscape of streptomyces griseus protease b reveals the energetic costs and benefits associated with evolving kinetic stability. | like most extracellular bacterial proteases, streptomyces griseus protease b (sgpb) and alpha-lytic protease (alphalp) are synthesized with covalently attached pro regions necessary for their folding. in this article, we characterize the folding free energy landscape of sgpb and compare it to the folding landscapes of alphalp and trypsin, a mammalian homolog that folds independently of its zymogen peptide. in contrast to the thermodynamically stable native state of trypsin, sgpb and alphalp fold ... | 2004 | 14718653 |
| crystal structure of a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein in streptomyces coelicolor a3(2). | the gamma-butyrolactone-type autoregulator/receptor systems in the gram-positive bacterial genus streptomyces regulate morphological differentiation or antibiotic production, or both. the autoregulator receptors act as dna-binding proteins, and on binding their cognate ligands (gamma-butyrolactones) they are released from the dna, thus serving as repressors. the crystal structure of cprb in streptomyces coelicolor a3(2), a homologue of the a-factor-receptor protein, arpa, in streptomyces griseus ... | 2004 | 14757054 |
| non-specific depolymerization of chitosan by pronase and characterization of the resultant products. | pronase (type xxv serine protease from streptomyces griseus) efficiently depolymerizes chitosan, a linear beta-->1,4-linked polysaccharide of 2-amino-deoxyglucose and 2-amino-2-n-acetylamino-d-glucose, to low-molecular weight chitosans (lmwc), chito-oligomers (degree of polymerization, 2-6) and monomer. the maximum depolymerization occurred at ph 3.5 and 37 degrees c, and the reaction obeyed michaelis-menten kinetics with a km of 5.21 mg.ml(-1) and vmax of 138.55 nmoles.min(-1).mg(-1). the molec ... | 2004 | 14764087 |
| distribution and phylogenetic analysis of family 19 chitinases in actinobacteria. | in organisms other than higher plants, family 19 chitinase was first discovered in streptomyces griseus hut6037, and later, the general occurrence of this enzyme in streptomyces species was demonstrated. in the present study, the distribution of family 19 chitinases in the class actinobacteria and the phylogenetic relationship of actinobacteria family 19 chitinases with family 19 chitinases of other organisms were investigated. forty-nine strains were chosen to cover almost all the suborders of ... | 2004 | 14766598 |
| [search for a factor-dependent variants in actinomycete population]. | a study of 28 nocardia-like, asporogenous, and oligosporous spontaneous morphological variants belonging to 23 species of streptomycetes revealed five strains producing regulators of the a-factor group. streptomyces griseus 1439, which forms aerial mycelium and spores only in the presence of exogenous a-factor was used as the test strain. among the 28 spontaneous variants, three new a-factor-dependent strains were revealed, which represented the species streptomyces griseus, s. citreofluorescens ... | 2003 | 14768542 |
| [a new regulatory function of the a-factor--stimulation of the streptomyces spore germination]. | spore germination in streptomycetes was shown to be stimulated by exogenously added a-factor. agar medium either containing or not containing a-factor was inoculated with spore suspensions of three strains differing in their ability to produce regulators of the a-factor group: streptomyces griseus 773, which produces a-factor and two its lower homologs, s. coelicolor a3(2), which forms six acl-factors (a-factor analogues), and s. avermitilis jcm5070, which fails to form regulators of this group. ... | 2003 | 14768543 |
| purification, characterization, and gene cloning of cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase from benzamide-assimilating arthrobacter sp. ba-5-17. | cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase (mc) was purified to homogeneity from benzamide-assimilating arthrobacter sp. ba-5-17. the purified enzyme showed high activities for cis,cis-muconate and 3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate, and preferred the 3-substituted derivatives over the derivatives with the same substituent at the 2 position as a substrate. a gene encoding mc of strain ba-5-17 was cloned and named catb. the catb gene was clustered with catr encoding a putative lysr-type regulator, catc encoding a pu ... | 2004 | 14769475 |
| recombinant expression, biochemical characterization and stabilization through proteolysis of an l-glutamate oxidase from streptomyces sp. x-119-6. | l-glutamate oxidase (lgox) from streptomyces sp. x-119-6 is a protein of 150 kda that has hexamer structure alpha2beta2gamma2. the gene encoding lgox was cloned and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli. lgox isolated from the e. coli transformant had the structure of a one chain polypeptide. although the recombinant lgox exhibited catalytic activity, it was inferior to the lgox isolated from streptomyces sp. x-119-6 in catalytic efficiency. the recombinant lgox exhibited low thermostabil ... | 2003 | 14769868 |
| studies on the characters of antibiotic streptomyces. v. on types of s. griseus. | | 1950 | 14794302 |
| [pernicious anemia therapy with fungi-cultures (streptomyces griseus)]. | | 1951 | 14822711 |
| observations on the chemical inhibition of streptomyces griseus bacteriophage multiplication. | | 1951 | 14824090 |
| the action of streptomycin on the respiration of streptomyces griseus. | | 1951 | 14832207 |
| [the antidotic properties of filtrates of cultures of penicillium notatum, of actinomyces griseus, and of bacillus subtilis with regard to beta staphylotoxin]. | | 1951 | 14849043 |
| action spectra for photoreactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated escherichia coli and streptomyces griseus. | action spectra for photoreactivation (light-induced recovery from ultraviolet radiation injury) of escherichia coli b/r and streptomyces griseus atcc 3326 were determined. the spectral region explored was 365 to 700 mmicro. the action spectrum for s. griseus differed from that for e. coli, indicating that the chromophores absorbing reactivating energy in the two species were not the same. reactivation of s. griseus occurred in the region 365 mmicro (the shortest wave length studied) to about 500 ... | 1951 | 14850704 |
| streptomycin production by streptomyces griseus from fractions of peanuts and soybeans. | | 1951 | 14886030 |
| [electron microscope and light microscope studies on the morphology and development of streptomyces griseus krainsky]. | | 1951 | 14914086 |
| studies on the utilization of lipids by streptomyces griseus. | | 1952 | 14938307 |
| streptomyces griseus trypsin is stabilized against autolysis by the cooperation of a salt bridge and cation-pi interaction. | streptomyces griseus trypsin (sgt) is a bacterial trypsin that lacks the conserved disulphide bond surrounding the autolysis loop. we investigated the molecular mechanism by which sgt is stabilized against autolysis. the autolysis loop connects to another surface loop via a salt bridge (glu146-arg222), and the arg222 residue also forms a cation-pi interaction with tyr217. elimination of these bonds by site-directed mutagenesis showed that the surface salt bridge at glu146-arg222 is the main forc ... | 2004 | 14999014 |
| a single target is sufficient to account for the biological effects of the a-factor receptor protein of streptomyces griseus. | in the model of the a-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3r-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus, a-factor binds arpa, the a-factor receptor protein, that has bound to the adpa promoter and dissociates it from the dna, thus inducing the transcription of adpa. adpa switches on the transcription of a number of genes required for secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation, forming an adpa regulon. consistent with this model, arpa null mutants produced strept ... | 2004 | 15028707 |
| gene cloning and overproduction of an aminopeptidase from streptomyces septatus th-2, and comparison with a calcium-activated enzyme from streptomyces griseus. | an aminopeptidase secreted from streptomyces septatus th-2 (ssap) was identified as a heat stable enzyme, and the ssap gene was cloned and sequenced. the primary structure of ssap showed 71% identity with that of a streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase (sgap), however, it lacked a unique calcium binding site. the recombinant ssap was overexpressed in the culture supernatant of escherichia coli harboring pet-kms2. a comparison of recombinant ssap and sgap showed that both enzymes are different in t ... | 2004 | 15063790 |
| genome analyses of streptomyces peucetius atcc 27952 for the identification and comparison of cytochrome p450 complement with other streptomyces. | we have determined the genome sequence of 8.7 mb chromosome of streptomyces peucetius atcc 27952, which produces clinically important anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents of the polyketide class of antibiotics, daunorubicin and doxorubicin. the cytochrome p450 (cyp) superfamily is represented by 19 sequences in the s. peucetius. among those, 15 code for functional genes, whereas the remaining four are pseudo genes. cyps from s. peucetius are phylogenetically close to those of streptomyces amerm ... | 2004 | 15111132 |
| biosynthesis of the antitumor chromomycin a3 in streptomyces griseus: analysis of the gene cluster and rational design of novel chromomycin analogs. | the biosynthetic gene cluster of the aureolic acid type antitumor drug chromomycin a3 from s. griseus subsp. griseus has been identified and characterized. it spans 43 kb and contains 36 genes involved in polyketide biosynthesis and modification, deoxysugar biosynthesis and sugar transfer, pathway regulation and resistance. the organization of the cluster clearly differs from that of the closely related mithramycin. involvement of the cluster in chromomycin a3 biosynthesis was demonstrated by di ... | 2004 | 15112992 |
| a continuous spectrophotometric assay for pseudomonas aeruginosa lasa protease (staphylolysin) using a two-stage enzymatic reaction. | pseudomonas aeruginosa lasa protease is a secreted metalloendopeptidase that can lyse staphylococcus aureus cells by cleaving the pentaglycine bridges of their peptidoglycan. it can also degrade elastin and stimulate shedding of cell-surface proteoglycans, activities implicated in pathogenesis of p. aeruginosa infections. the activity of lasa protease can be assayed spectrophotometrically by following the reduction in turbidity of s. aureus cell suspensions. this assay, however, does not permit ... | 2004 | 15113701 |
| circularized chromosome with a large palindromic structure in streptomyces griseus mutants. | streptomyces linear chromosomes display various types of rearrangements after telomere deletion, including circularization, arm replacement, and amplification. we analyzed the new chromosomal deletion mutants streptomyces griseus 301-22-l and 301-22-m. in these mutants, chromosomal arm replacement resulted in long terminal inverted repeats (tirs) at both ends; different sizes were deleted again and recombined inside the tirs, resulting in a circular chromosome with an extremely large palindrome. ... | 2004 | 15150216 |
| cloning and functional analysis by gene disruption of a gene encoding a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor from kitasatospora setae. | gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptors of the genus streptomyces have a common activity as dna-binding transcriptional repressors, controlling secondary metabolism and/or morphological differentiation. a gene encoding a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor was cloned from a bafilomycin b1 producer, kitasatospora setae, for the first time from a non-streptomyces genus of actinomycetes, and its function was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo analyses. the gene fragment was initially clon ... | 2004 | 15150228 |
| structures of grixazone a and b, a-factor-dependent yellow pigments produced under phosphate depletion by streptomyces griseus. | a-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3r-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) acts as a microbial hormone that induces morphological development and secondary metabolism in streptomyces griseus. a diffusible yellow pigment is produced by s. griseus in an a-factor-dependent manner under phosphate depletion. detailed analysis of the pigment production by s. griseus cultivated in minimal liquid medium containing different concentrations of phosphate showed that the pigment was actively produced in the presence of ... | 2004 | 15152808 |
| generation of a thermostable and denaturant-resistant peptide ligase. | the construction and characterization of a novel, thermostable, peptide ligase are described. three amino acid substitutions were introduced into the secreted bacterial protease streptomyces griseus protease b (sgpb). mutations were chosen on the basis of two separate observations: (i) that a single substitution of the nucleophilic serine (s195a) created an enzyme with significant peptide-ligation activity, albeit greatly reduced stability [(2000) chem. biol. 7, 163], and (ii) that a pair of sub ... | 2004 | 15196009 |
| amino acids at the n- and c-termini of human glutamate carboxypeptidase ii are required for enzymatic activity and proper folding. | human glutamate carboxypeptidase ii (gcpii) is a co-catalytic metallopeptidase and its putative catalytic domain is homologous to the aminopeptidases from vibrio proteolyticus and streptomyces griseus. in humans, the enzyme is expressed predominantly in the nervous system and the prostate. the prostate form, termed prostate-specific membrane antigen, is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is used as a diagnostic marker of the disease. inhibition of the form of gcpii expressed in the central ner ... | 2004 | 15206943 |
| dna-binding specificity of adpa, a transcriptional activator in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus. | adpa, belonging to the arac/xyls family, is the key transcriptional activator for a number of genes of various functions in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus. it consists of a thij/pfpi/dj-1-like dimerization domain at its n-terminal portion and a dna-binding domain with two helix-turn-helix motifs at its c-terminal portion, representing a large subgroup of the arac/xyls family. uracil interference assay and missing t and ga interference assays on several adpa binding sites ... | 2004 | 15228534 |
| pi factor, a novel type quorum-sensing inducer elicits pimaricin production in streptomyces natalensis. | a chemically novel autoinducer (pi factor) has been purified from cultures of the pimaricin producer streptomyces natalensis atcc27448. the chemical structure of the pi molecule was identified as 2,3-diamino-2,3-bis (hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol. pimaricin biosynthesis in s. natalensis npi287, a mutant impaired in pimaricin production, was restored by supplementation with either a-factor from streptomyces griseus ifo13350 or with pi factor. s. natalensis did not synthesize a-factor. the pi auto ... | 2004 | 15231842 |
| tailoring modification of deoxysugars during biosynthesis of the antitumour drug chromomycin a by streptomyces griseus ssp. griseus. | chromomycin a3 is a member of the aureolic acid group family of antitumour drugs. three tailoring modification steps occur during its biosynthesis affecting the sugar moieties: two o-acetylations and one o-methylation. the 4-o-methylation in the 4-o-methyl-d-oliose moiety of the disaccharide chain is catalysed by the cmmmiii gene product. inactivation of this gene generated a chromomycin-non-producing mutant that accumulated three unmethylated derivatives containing all sugars but differing in t ... | 2004 | 15255901 |
| identification of the catalytic residues in the double-zinc aminopeptidase from streptomyces griseus. | the aminopeptidase from streptomyces griseus (sgap) has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. by growing the cells in the presence of 1 m sorbitol at 18 degrees c, the protein was obtained in a soluble and active form. the amino acid sequence of the recombinant sgap contained four amino acids differing from the previously published sequence. re-sequencing of the native protein indicated that asparagines 70 and 184 are in fact aspartic acids as in the recombinant protein. based on the cr ... | 2004 | 15280041 |
| enrichment of chitinolytic microorganisms: isolation and characterization of a chitinase exhibiting antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi from a novel streptomyces strain. | thirteen different chitin-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil and sediment samples. five of these strains (sge2, sge4, ssl3, mg1, and mg3) exhibited antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. analyses of the 16s rrna genes and the substrate spectra revealed that the isolates belong to the genera bacillus or streptomyces. the closest relatives were bacillus chitinolyticus (sge2, sge4, and ssl3), b. ehimensis (mg1), and streptomyces griseus (mg3). the chitinases present in the cultu ... | 2005 | 15290142 |
| structure of inhibited trypsin from fusarium oxysporum at 1.55 a. | the structure of trypsin from the fungus fusarium oxysporum has been refined at 1.55 a resolution by restrained least-squares minimization to an r-factor of 14.4%. the data were recorded from a single-crystal on the x31 beamline at embl, hamburg, using a locally developed image-plate scanner. the final model consists of 1557 protein atoms, 400 water molecules, one molecule of isopropanol and one monoisopropyl phosphoryl inhibitor group covalently bound to the catalytic ser195. comparison of the ... | 1995 | 15299338 |
| binding of inhibitory aromatic amino acids to streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase. | the bacterial aminopeptidase isolated from the extracellular extract of streptomyces griseus (sgap) is a double-zinc exopeptidase with a high preference for large hydrophobic amino-terminus residues. it is a monomer of a relatively low molecular weight (30 kda), is heat-stable, displays a high and efficient catalytic turnover and its activity is modulated by calcium ions. several free amino acids were found to inhibit the activity of sgap in the millimolar concentration range and can therefore s ... | 2004 | 15388919 |
| [not available]. | | 1949 | 15399920 |
| [not available]. | | 1949 | 15406937 |
| [not available]. | | 1949 | 15409752 |
| the therapeutic potency of vitamin b12 derived from streptomyces griseus culture liquors. | | 1950 | 15411888 |
| vitamin b12 (from streptomyces griseus) in pernicious anaemia. | | 1950 | 15420465 |
| the production of streptocin by different strains of streptomyces griseus. | | 1950 | 15436425 |
| observations on the multiplication of phages affecting streptomyces griseus. | | 1950 | 15436458 |
| nutritional value of proteins from edible seaweed palmaria palmata (dulse). | palmaria palmata (dulse) is a red seaweed that may be a potential protein source in the human diet. its protein content, amino acid composition, and protein digestibility were studied with algae collected every month over a 1-year period. significant variations in protein content were observed according to the season: the highest protein content (21.9 +/- 3.5%) was found in the winter-spring period and the lowest (11.9 +/- 2.0%) in the summer-early autumn period. most of the essential amino acid ... | 1999 | 15539310 |
| crystal structures of five bovine chymotrypsin complexes with p1 bpti variants. | the bovine chymotrypsin-bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) interaction belongs to extensively studied models of protein-protein recognition. the accommodation of the inhibitor p1 residue in the s1 binding site of the enzyme forms the hot spot of this interaction. mutations introduced at the p1 position of bpti result in a more than five orders of magnitude difference of the association constant values with the protease. to elucidate the structural aspects of the discrimination between di ... | 2004 | 15544809 |
| dual transcriptional control of amftsba, which regulates the onset of cellular differentiation in streptomyces griseus. | the amf gene cluster encodes a probable secretion system for a peptidic morphogen, amfs, which induces aerial mycelium formation in streptomyces griseus. here we examined the transcriptional control mechanism for the promoter preceding amft (pamft) directing the transcription of the amftsba operon. high-resolution s1 analysis mapped a transcriptional start point at 31 nucleotides upstream of the translational start codon of amft. low-resolution analysis showed that pamft is developmentally regul ... | 2005 | 15601697 |
| transcriptional control by a-factor of two trypsin genes in streptomyces griseus. | adpa is the key transcriptional activator for a number of genes of various functions in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus, forming an adpa regulon. trypsin-like activity was detected at a late stage of growth in the wild-type strain but not in an a-factor-deficient mutant. consistent with these observations, two trypsin genes, sprt and spru, in s. griseus were found to be members of the adpa regulon; adpa activated the transcription of both genes by binding to the operators ... | 2005 | 15601713 |
| purification, characterization cloning, and sequencing of metalloendopeptidase from streptomyces septatus th-2. | streptomyces septatus th-2 secretes a large amount of a protease when cultured on a medium containing k(2)hpo(4) and glucose. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a three-step procedure. this enzyme had a molecular mass of approximately 35kda, and was particularly inhibited by edta and phosphoramidon. its substrate specificity was investigated using novel fluorescence energy transfer combinatorial libraries. the protease was found to prefer phe and tyr at the p(1) position, a hydrophobic or ... | 2005 | 15639229 |
| light-induced carotenogenesis in streptomyces coelicolor a3(2): identification of an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor that directs photodependent transcription of the carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster. | carotenoids are produced by a variety of organisms, but the mechanisms that regulate gene expression leading to carotenoid biosynthesis have been characterized for only a few organisms. in this study, we found that streptomyces coelicolor a3(2), a gram-positive filamentous bacterium, produces carotenoids under blue light induction. the carotenoid fraction isolated from the cell extract contained multiple compounds, including isorenieratene and beta-carotene. the carotenoid biosynthesis gene clus ... | 2005 | 15716454 |
| comprehensive analysis of protein folding activation thermodynamics reveals a universal behavior violated by kinetically stable proteases. | alpha-lytic protease (alpha lp) and streptomyces griseus protease b (sgpb) are two extracellular serine proteases whose folding is absolutely dependent on the existence of their companion pro regions. moreover, the native states of these proteins are, at best, marginally stable, with the apparent stability resulting from being kinetically trapped in the native state by large barriers to unfolding. here, in an effort to understand the physical properties that distinguish kinetically and thermodyn ... | 2005 | 15740746 |
| fredericamycin b and c from streptomyces griseus: structure elucidation after 23 years. | | 2004 | 15745120 |
| reclassification of streptomyces nigrifaciens as a later synonym of streptomyces flavovirens; streptomyces citreofluorescens, streptomyces chrysomallus subsp. chrysomallus and streptomyces fluorescens as later synonyms of streptomyces anulatus; streptomyces chibaensis as a later synonym of streptomyces corchorusii; streptomyces flaviscleroticus as a later synonym of streptomyces minutiscleroticus; and streptomyces lipmanii, streptomyces griseus subsp. alpha, streptomyces griseus subsp. cretosus and streptomyces willmorei as later synonyms of streptomyces microflavus. | a dna-dna hybridization survey was performed on 13 streptomyces species and two subspecies, dispersed over five genotypically defined clusters as delineated by lanoot et al. [syst appl microbiol 27 (2004), 84-92]. within each of the latter clusters, strains shared dna-dna relatedness values above 70 %. on the basis of published recommendations, the following eight streptomyces species with validly published names are considered as later synonyms: streptomyces nigrifaciens as a synonym of strepto ... | 2005 | 15774652 |
| adpa, a central transcriptional regulator in the a-factor regulatory cascade that leads to morphological development and secondary metabolism in streptomyces griseus. | a-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3r-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) is a microbial hormone that triggers aerial mycelium formation and secondary metabolism in streptomyces griseus. a-factor produced in a growth-dependent manner switches on the transcription of adpa encoding a transcriptional activator by binding to the a-factor receptor protein (arpa), which has bound the adpa promoter, and dissociating the dna-bound arpa from the dna. adpa then activates a number of genes with various functions requ ... | 2005 | 15784968 |
| detoxification of corn stover and corn starch pyrolysis liquors by pseudomonas putida and streptomyces setonii suspended cells and plastic compost support biofilms. | plant biomass can be liquefied into fermentable sugars (levoglucosan then to glucose) for the production of ethanol, lactic acid, enzymes, and more by a process called pyrolysis. during the process microbial inhibitors are also generated. pseudomonas putida (atcc 17484) and streptomyces setonii75vi2 (atcc 39116) were employed to degrade microbial inhibitors in diluted corn stover (dcs) and diluted corn starch (dst) pyrolysis liquors. the detoxification process evaluation included measuring total ... | 2005 | 15826048 |
| transamidinase activity of hyphal fractions of a streptomycin-producing streptomyces griseus strain and enhancement of enzyme activity in a nonproducing mutant. | the presence of transamidinase (ta-se) was demonstrated in streptomyces griseus strain 45 which does not produce streptomycin (sm). this enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of streptidine, a component of the sm molecule. ta-se is generally thought to be present only in sm-producing streptomyces strains. the recent results are, however, in agreement with out previous data which showed the presence of streptidine in the isolated cell wall of sm-nonproducing strain 45. the ta-se activity of this ... | 1974 | 15828164 |
| valinomycin-induced apoptosis of human nk cells is predominantly caspase independent. | human nk cells are sensitive to the exogenous toxic compound valinomycin. this toxin, produced by streptomyces griseus in moisture damaged buildings, induces apoptosis by dissipating the membrane potential in mitochondria. in this paper, we show that valinomycin-induced apoptosis involves two different pathways in human nk cells: the predominant one is caspase-3 independent and the other caspase-3 dependent. resting human nk cells were found to contain high amounts of active caspase-3 as compare ... | 2005 | 15876477 |
| autorepression of adpa of the arac/xyls family, a key transcriptional activator in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus. | adpa belonging to the arac/xyls family is a key transcriptional activator in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus, activating a number of genes required for physiological and morphological differentiation. on the other hand, adpa repressed its own transcription by cooperative binding to the promoter region containing multiple operator sites. adpa contained three operator sites, site 1 approximately at nucleotide position -100, site 2 at the promoter elements, and site 3 at pos ... | 2005 | 15907934 |
| gephyromycin, the first bridged angucyclinone, from streptomyces griseus strain ntk 14. | the new, highly oxygenated angucyclinone gephyromycin was isolated from an extract of a streptomyces griseus strain. its unprecedented ether-bridged structure was elucidated by nmr methods and substantiated by single crystal x-ray analysis. the absolute configuration was evidenced by quantum chemical cd calculations. gephyromycin exhibits glutaminergic activity towards neuronal cells. furthermore, the known compounds fridamycin e and dehydrorabelomycin were identified. | 2005 | 15907962 |
| identification and characterization of the afsr homologue regulatory gene from streptomyces peucetius atcc 27952. | we have isolated an afsr homologue, called afsr-p, through genome analysis of streptomyces peucetius atcc 27952. afsr-p shares 60% sequence identity with afsr from streptomyces coelicolor a3 (2). afsr-p was expressed under the control of the erme* promoter in its hosts s. peucetius, streptomyces lividans tk 24, streptomyces clavuligerus and streptomyces griseus. we observed overproduction of doxorubicin (4-fold) in s. peucetius, gamma-actinorhodin (2.6-fold) in s. lividans, clavulanic acid (1.5- ... | 2005 | 15921897 |
| characterization of chito-oligosaccharides prepared by chitosanolysis with the aid of papain and pronase, and their bactericidal action against bacillus cereus and escherichia coli. | papain (from papaya latex; ec 3.4.22.2) and pronase (from streptomyces griseus; ec 3.4.24.31) caused optimum depolymerization of chitosan at ph 3.5 and 37 degrees c, resulting in lmmc (low molecular mass chitosan) and chito-oligomeric-monomeric mixture. the yield of the latter was 14-16% and 14-19% respectively for papain- and pronase-catalysed reactions, depending on the reaction time (1-5 h). hplc revealed the presence of monomer(s) and oligomers of dp (degree of polymerization) 2-6, which was ... | 2005 | 15932346 |
| structural and functional study of an anemonia elastase inhibitor, a "nonclassical" kazal-type inhibitor from anemonia sulcata. | anemonia elastase inhibitor (aei) is a "nonclassical" kazal-type elastase inhibitor from anemonia sulcata. unlike many nonclassical inhibitors, aei does not have a cystine-stabilized alpha-helical (csh) motif in the sequence. we chemically synthesized aei and determined its three-dimensional solution structure by two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. the resulting structure of aei was characterized by a central alpha-helix and a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet of a typical kazal-type inhibito ... | 2005 | 16008348 |
| classification of streptomyces griseus (krainsky 1914) waksman and henrici 1948 and related species and the transfer of 'microstreptospora cinerea' to the genus streptomyces as streptomyces yanii sp. nov. | a soil actinomycete, strain 80-133(t), with the non-validly published name 'microstreptospora cinerea', was the subject of a polyphasic study designed to clarify its taxonomic status. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence studies indicated that the organism belonged to the genus streptomyces, a result in line with previous chemotaxonomic and morphological data. the strain belonged to the streptomyces griseus clade, but could be distinguished from representatives of species assigned to this taxon by ... | 2005 | 16014489 |
| frigocyclinone, a novel angucyclinone antibiotic produced by a streptomyces griseus strain from antarctica. | a new angucyclinone antibiotic, frigocyclinone, was isolated from streptomyces griseus strain ntk 97, consisting of a tetrangomycin moiety attached through a c-glycosidic linkage with the aminodeoxysugar ossamine. frigocyclinone showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria. | 2005 | 16060387 |
| transcriptional control by a-factor of strr, the pathway-specific transcriptional activator for streptomycin biosynthesis in streptomyces griseus. | a-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3r-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) triggers streptomycin production by inducing the transcription of strr, encoding the pathway-specific transcriptional activator, through signal transduction in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus. adpa, one of the key transcriptional activators in the cascade, bound two upstream activation sites, approximately at nucleotide positions -270 and -50 with respect to the transcriptional start point of strr, as determin ... | 2005 | 16077104 |
| study on peptide hydrolysis by aminopeptidases from streptomyces griseus, streptomyces septatus and aeromonas proteolytica. | we developed a spectrophotometric assay for peptide hydrolysis by aminopeptidases (aps). the assay enables the measurement of free amino acids liberated by ap-catalyzed peptide hydrolysis using 4-aminoantipyrine, phenol, peroxidase, and l-amino acid oxidase. we investigated the specificity of bacterial aps [enzymes from streptomyces griseus (sgap), streptomyces septatus (ssap), and aeromonas proteolytica (aap)] toward peptide substrates using this assay method. although these enzymes most effici ... | 2006 | 16080009 |
| p-aminoacetophenonic acids produced by a mangrove endophyte: streptomyces griseus subsp. | three new p-aminoacetophenonic acids, named 7-(4-aminophenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxo-hept-5-enoic acid (1), 9-(4-aminophenyl)-7-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-9-oxo-non-2-enoic acid (2), and 12-(4-aminophenyl)-10-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7,9-dimethyl-12-oxo-dodeca-2,4-dienoic acid (3), were isolated from an endophyte of the mangrove plant kandelia candel. the structures of 1-3 were elucidated using spectroscopic analyses, primarily nmr and ms. | 2005 | 16124760 |
| desferrioxamine e produced by streptomyces griseus stimulates growth and development of streptomyces tanashiensis. | the authors previously reported that interspecific stimulatory events between streptomyces species for antibiotic production and/or morphological differentiation mediated by putative diffusible metabolites take place at a high frequency. this paper reports the isolation and characterization of a substance produced by streptomyces griseus that stimulates the growth and development of streptomyces tanashiensis. the substance was purified from the culture supernatant of s. griseus by using anion-ex ... | 2005 | 16151202 |
| three chymotrypsin genes are members of the adpa regulon in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus. | adpa is a key transcriptional activator in the a-factor regulatory cascade in streptomyces griseus, activating a number of genes required for secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation. of the five chymotrypsin-type serine protease genes, spra, sprb, and sprd were transcribed in response to adpa, showing that these protease genes are members of the adpa regulon. these proteases were predicted to play the same physiological role, since these protease genes were transcribed in a simila ... | 2005 | 16159767 |
| transcriptional activation of the pathway-specific regulator of the actinorhodin biosynthetic genes in streptomyces coelicolor. | the streptomyces produce a plethora of secondary metabolites including antibiotics and undergo a complex developmental cycle. as a means of establishing the pathways that regulate secondary metabolite production by this important bacterial genus, the model species streptomyces coelicolor and its relatives have been the subject of several genetic screens. however, despite the identification and characterization of numerous genes that affect antibiotic production, there is still no overall underst ... | 2005 | 16164554 |
| structure determination of germacrane-type sesquiterpene alcohols from an endophyte streptomyces griseus subsp. | three germacrane-type sesquiterpene alcohols were isolated from an endophyte of mangrove plant kandelia candel. their structures were characterized as 1(10)e,5e-germacradiene-11-ol (1), 1(10)e,5e-germacradiene-3,11-diol (2), 1(10)e,5e-germacradiene-2,11-diol (3) based on the extensive nmr studies. among them, 2 and 3 are identified as new compounds. | 2005 | 16170856 |
| intergenus protoplast fusion between streptomyces and micromonospora with reference to the distribution of parental characteristics in the fusants. | the protoplasts of two strains of micromonospora which were sensitive to kanamycin (km(s)) and utilized raffinose (raf+), and one strain of streptomyces griseus which was resistant to km (km(r)) and did not utilize raffinose (raf-), were prepared, mixed in the presence of polyethylene glycol (peg) and incubated on regeneration agar plates. recombinant colonies showing km(r)*raf+ were obtained at a frequency of 2 x 10(-6). their recombinants displayed a significant exchange of taxonomic character ... | 1999 | 16232588 |
| purification and characterization of a 49-kda chitinase from streptomyces griseus hut 6037. | a 49-kda chitinase (pi7.3) was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of streptomyces griseus hut 6037 by ultrafiltration, deae-sephadex a-50 and sephadex g-100 column chromatographies, and chromatofocusing. the purified enzyme was stable up to 40 degrees c. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was highly homologous to the n-terminal region of the fibronectin type iii-like domain of s. olivaceoviridis chitinase 01 belonging to family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. the 49-kda c ... | 2000 | 16232694 |
| high performance in protease refolding by application of a continuous system using immobilized inhibitor. | in the reoxidative refolding of streptomyces griseus trypsin, which is a serine protease having three s-s bonds per molecule, a synthetic inhibitor immobilized on agarose beads was applied in order to avoid the digestion of non-renatured protease molecules by renatured ones. a semi-continuous refolding system was fabricated by packing such inhibitor-immobilized gels in a glass column and the optimal operating conditions were investigated. taking account of the effective conditions surveyed in th ... | 2004 | 16233740 |
| analysis of microperoxidases using liquid chromatography, post-column substrate conversion and fluorescence detection. | a liquid chromatographic method with on-line activity determination for microperoxidases has been developed. after enzymatic digestion of a cytochrome, possibly under formation of microperoxidases, the product mixture is separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. the products first pass a diode-array detector, and are then subjected to a reaction with 4-(n-methylhydrazino)-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzooxadiazole (mnbdh) and hydrogen peroxide. in a reaction coil, microperoxidases catalyze the react ... | 2006 | 16257275 |
| [purification and some properties of bacteriolytic enzyme r1 from streptomyces griseus rx-17]. | bacteriolytic enzyme r1 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with the recovery of 6.89% activity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cm-sephadex c - 50, cm-sepharose fast flow and sephadex g-75 chromatography from the culture supernatant of streptomyces griseus rx-17. the molecular weight and pi of r1 were 16.8 kd and 9.10. the optimal temperature and ph for r1 against streptococcus mutans ingbritt were 70 degrees c and 6.6, respectively. below 50 degrees c and at range ph 6 - 10, r1 was s ... | 2003 | 16276898 |
| a novel o-aminophenol oxidase responsible for formation of the phenoxazinone chromophore of grixazone. | grixazone contains a phenoxazinone chromophore and is a secondary metabolite produced by streptomyces griseus. in the grixazone biosynthesis gene cluster, grif (encoding a tyrosinase homolog) and grie (encoding a protein similar to copper chaperons for tyrosinases) are encoded. an expression study of grie and grif in escherichia coli showed that grie activated grif by transferring copper ions to grif, as has been observed for a streptomyces melanogenesis system in which the melc1 copper chaperon ... | 2006 | 16282322 |
| biosynthesis of hexahydroxyperylenequinone melanin via oxidative aryl coupling by cytochrome p-450 in streptomyces griseus. | dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) melanins formed from tyrosine by tyrosinases are found in microorganisms, plants, and animals. most species in the soil-dwelling, gram-positive bacterial genus streptomyces produce dopa melanins and melanogenesis is one of the characteristics used for taxonomy. here we report a novel melanin biosynthetic pathway involving a type iii polyketide synthase (pks), rppa, and a cytochrome p-450 enzyme, p-450mel, in streptomyces griseus. in vitro reconstitution of the p-450 ... | 2005 | 16291687 |
| catechol oxidase activity of di-cu2+-substituted aminopeptidase from streptomyces griseus. | streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase exhibits activities toward the hydrolyses of peptides and bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (40 billion fold) and catechol oxidation reported herein with catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) only about 10 times smaller than that of gypsywort catechol oxidase. the multifunctionality of this enzyme suggests that it is a unique system for further exploration of protein structure and function and a template for design of enzymes of diverse activities. | 2005 | 16305209 |
| cloning, sequencing, analysis, and heterologous expression of the fredericamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from streptomyces griseus. | fredericamycin (fdm) a, a pentadecaketide featuring two sets of peri-hydroxy tricyclic aromatic moieties connected through a unique chiral spiro carbon center, exhibits potent cytotoxicity and has been studied as a new type of anticancer drug lead because of its novel molecular architecture. the fdm gene cluster was localized to 33-kb dna segment of streptomyces griseus atcc 49344, and its involvement in fdm a biosynthesis was proven by gene inactivation, complementation, and heterologous expres ... | 2005 | 16305230 |
| fredericamycin a affects mitochondrial inheritance and morphology in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | fredericamycin a (fma) is an antibiotic product of streptomyces griseus that exhibits modest antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro, but, its functions in vivo are poorly understood. we identified this compound as an inducer of g1 arrest in the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. fma exhibits an ic50 of 24 nm towards the growth of a disruptant of multi-drug resistance genes, w303-mlc30, and its cytotoxicity is a function of the time of exposure as well as drug dose. addition of 0.8 microm of fma c ... | 2005 | 16306705 |
| enrichment of auxotrophic mutants in streptomyces griseus. | a method for the isolation and enrichment of tryptophan auxotrophic mutants of the indolmycin-producing strain streptomyces griseus atcc 12648 was developed, using penicillin selection. with uv irradiation of 2.2 x 10 muw cm, a mutation rate to tryptophan auxotrophy of 5.6 x 10 was achieved. with 300 mug ml of penicillin g, an enrichment of tryptophan auxotrophs of about 1,000-fold was attained. approximately 40% of all survivors were tryptophan auxotrophs. | 1980 | 16345642 |
| novel biotransformations of 7-ethoxycoumarin by streptomyces griseus. | biotransformation of 7-ethoxycoumarin by streptomyces griseus resulted in the accumulation of two metabolites which were isolated and identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin. a novel series of biotransformation reactions is implicated in the conversion of the ethoxycoumarin substrate to these products, including o-deethylation, 6-hydroxylation to form a 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin catechol, and subsequent o-methylation. either 7-hydroxycoumarin or 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin was biot ... | 1983 | 16346369 |
| enhancement of lignin degradation in streptomyces spp. by protoplast fusion. | protoplast fusion was investigated as a technique for genetically manipulating two lignin-degrading streptomyces strains, streptomyces viridosporus t7a and streptomyces setonii 75vi2. four of 19 recombinants tested showed enhanced production of acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (appl), producing 155 to 264% more appl from corn stover lignocellulose than was produced by the wild-type s. viridosporus t7a. appls are lignin degradation intermediates known to be potentially valuable chemical product ... | 1984 | 16346483 |
| demethylation of veratrole by cytochrome p-450 in streptomyces setonii. | the actinomycete streptomyces setonii 75vi2 demethylates vanillic acid and guaiacol to protocatechuic acid and catechol, respectively, and then metabolizes the products by the beta-ketoadipate pathway. uv spectroscopy showed that this strain could also metabolize veratrole (1,2-dimethoxybenzene). when grown in veratrole-containing media supplemented with 2,2'-dipyridyl to inhibit cleavage of the aromatic ring, s. setonii accumulated catechol, which was detected by both liquid chromatography and ... | 1986 | 16347120 |
| microbial hydroxylation of 1,4-cineole. | microorganisms were examined for their potential to hydroxylate the oxygenated monoterpene 1,4-cineole. using gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, screening experiments revealed that hydroxylation at position 2 was the most commonly observed microbial transformation reaction. in most microorganisms, the predominant alcohol metabolite was the 2-endo-alcohol isomer. preparative-scale incubations were conducted in order to isolate and characterize microbial transformation products by c ... | 1987 | 16347465 |
| efficient transformation of the cephamycin c producer nocardia lactamdurans and development of shuttle and promoter-probe cloning vectors. | a high transformation efficiency (1 x 10 to 7 x 10 transformants per mug of dna) of nocardia lactamdurans lc411 was obtained by direct treatment of mycelium with polyethylene glycol 1000 and cesium chloride. a variety of vectors from streptomyces lividans, brevibacterium lactofermentum, rhodococcus fascians, and a nocardia (amycolatopsis) sp. were tested; transformants could be obtained only with vectors derived from an endogenous plasmid of the amycolatopsis sp. strain dsm 43387. vectors carryi ... | 1994 | 16349436 |
| variations in strains of streptomyces griseus isolated from a degenerating streptomycin-producing culture. | streptomycin-resistant strains were isolated from a degenerated streptomycin-producing culture of streptomyces griseus. from 250 resistant strains, 3 low, 2 intermediate, and 2 high potency strains were selected; these were compared in their morphological, cultural, physiological, and streptomycin-producing properties. though no definite correlation between streptomycin production and the other properties could be obtained, the following correlations were considered as distinct differences among ... | 1963 | 16349628 |
| chemical composition of variants of aerobic actinomycetes. | it has been shown previously that aerobic actinomycetes can be separated into four main groups on the basis of their cell wall composition. six representatives of aerobic actinomycetes (nocardia asteroides and micropolyspora brevicatena, cell wall type iv; n. madurae, microbispora rosea, cell wall type iii; actinoplanes sp., cell wall type ii; streptomyces griseus, cell wall type i) were subjected to selecting agents which permitted the isolation of stable variants morphologically different from ... | 1967 | 16349745 |
| heat-enhanced production of chitosanase from streptomyces griseus in the presence of liposome. | the effects of heat stress and liposome treatment on the growth of streptomyces griseus cells and chitosanase production were investigated on the basis of using the designed strategy of a stress-mediated bioprocess. the effective conditions for increasing the interaction between chitosanase and the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-phosphocholine (popc) liposome under heat stress condition were determined on the basis of the results of circular dichroism (cd) and dielectric dispersion analysis (dda). under ... | 2005 | 16384787 |
| deoxysugar transfer during chromomycin a3 biosynthesis in streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus: new derivatives with antitumor activity. | chromomycin a3 is an antitumor drug produced by streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus. it consists of a tricyclic aglycone with two aliphatic side chains and two o-glycosidically linked saccharide chains, a disaccharide of 4-o-acetyl-d-oliose (sugar a) and 4-o-methyl-d-oliose (sugar b), and a trisaccharide of d-olivose (sugar c), d-olivose (sugar d), and 4-o-acetyl-l-chromose b (sugar e). the chromomycin gene cluster contains four glycosyltransferase genes (cmmgi, cmmgii, cmmgiii, and cmmgiv), whi ... | 2006 | 16391039 |