| a case of extensive cutaneous mycobacterium marinum infection in a pacific islander living in new zealand. | mycobacterium marinum is a rare cause of cutaneous infection. the typical clinical picture consists of one or more discrete well circumscribed lesions affecting the upper limbs. however, a more exuberant form has been described in the south pacific, where it is sometimes entitled 'spam disease' given the infected skin's similar appearance to the canned food. we describe a case of this more extensive infection in a south pacific islander who appears to have acquired the infection in new zealand, ... | 2014 | 24997705 |
| modeling tuberculous meningitis in zebrafish using mycobacterium marinum. | tuberculous meningitis (tbm) is one of the most severe extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis, with a high morbidity and mortality. characteristic pathological features of tbm are rich foci, i.e. brain- and spinal-cord-specific granulomas formed after hematogenous spread of pulmonary tuberculosis. little is known about the early pathogenesis of tbm and the role of rich foci. we have adapted the zebrafish model of mycobacterium marinum infection (zebrafish-m. marinum model) to study tbm. f ... | 2014 | 24997190 |
| fit for consumption: zebrafish as a model for tuberculosis. | despite efforts to generate new vaccines and antibiotics for tuberculosis, the disease remains a public health problem worldwide. the zebrafish danio rerio has emerged as a useful model to investigate mycobacterial pathogenesis and treatment. infection of zebrafish with mycobacterium marinum, the closest relative of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, recapitulates many aspects of human tuberculosis. the zebrafish model affords optical transparency, abundant genetic tools and in vivo imaging ... | 2014 | 24973748 |
| adequate th2-type response associates with restricted bacterial growth in latent mycobacterial infection of zebrafish. | tuberculosis is still a major health problem worldwide. currently it is not known what kind of immune responses lead to successful control and clearance of mycobacterium tuberculosis. this gap in knowledge is reflected by the inability to develop sufficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools to fight tuberculosis. we have used the mycobacterium marinum infection model in the adult zebrafish and taken advantage of heterogeneity of zebrafish population to dissect the characteristics of adaptive immu ... | 2014 | 24968056 |
| mycobacteria counteract a tlr-mediated nitrosative defense mechanism in a zebrafish infection model. | pulmonary tuberculosis (tb), caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), is a major world health problem. the production of reactive nitrogen species (rns) is a potent cytostatic and cytotoxic defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. nevertheless, the protective role of rns during mtb infection remains controversial. here we use an anti-nitrotyrosine antibody as a readout to study nitration output by the zebrafish host during early mycobacterial pat ... | 2014 | 24967596 |
| flexor pollicis longus tenosynovitis caused by mycobacterium marinum infection. | | 2014 | 24957591 |
| nanoparticles as drug delivery system against tuberculosis in zebrafish embryos: direct visualization and treatment. | nanoparticles (nps) enclosing antibiotics have provided promising therapy against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in different mammalian models. however, the nps were not visualized in any of these animal studies. here, we introduce the transparent zebrafish embryo as a system for noninvasive, simultaneous imaging of fluorescent nps and the fish tuberculosis (tb) agent mycobacterium marinum (mm). the study was facilitated by the use of transgenic lines of macrophages, neutrophils, and endotheli ... | 2014 | 24945994 |
| whole genome analyses of marine fish pathogenic isolate, mycobacterium sp. 012931. | mycobacterium is a genus within the order actinomycetales that comprises of a large number of well-characterized species, several of which includes pathogens known to cause serious disease in human and animal. here, we report the whole genome sequence of mycobacterium sp. strain 012931 isolated from the marine fish, yellowtail (seriola quinqueradiata). mycobacterium sp. 012931 is a fish pathogen causing serious damage to aquaculture farms in japan. dna dot plot analysis showed that mycobacterium ... | 2014 | 24879010 |
| design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity evaluation of natural oridonin derivatives. | in an effort to develop novel potent antitubercular drugs, thirty-one oridonin derivatives were designed and prepared. all the compounds obtained were screened for their in vitro activities against mycobacterium phlei, mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium marinum. among them, thirteen compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against m. phlei with mics less than 2 μg/ml. compounds 2k, 8d, 10c, 10d containing trans-cinnamic acid moiety were the most potent (mic=0.5 μg/ml), comparable ... | 2014 | 24835198 |
| rare diagnosis of nodular lymphangitis caused by mycobacterium marinum: mdct imaging findings. | mycobacterium marinum is an atypical mycobacterium that usually causes a solitary nodule on the hand ("fish tank granuloma") or less commonly, secondary erythematous channels and nodules spread along lymphatic drainage of the extremity, mimicking sporothricoid skin lesions of nodular lymphangitis. this report presents a case of this rare entity, a nodular lymphangitis caused by mycobacterium marinum. multidetector computed tomography (mdct) imaging was very useful in determining the morphology ( ... | 2014 | 24778804 |
| capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for top-down characterization of the mycobacterium marinum secretome. | capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) with an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanospray interface was coupled with a high-resolution q-exactive mass spectrometer for the analysis of culture filtrates from mycobacterium marinum. we confidently identified 22 gene products from the wildtype m. marinum secretome in a single cze-tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) run. a total of 58 proteoforms were observed with post-translational modifications including signal peptide removal, n-terminal methioni ... | 2014 | 24725189 |
| a novel esx-1 locus reveals that surface-associated esx-1 substrates mediate virulence in mycobacterium marinum. | esxa (esat-6) and esxb (cfp-10) are virulence factors exported by the esx-1 system in mycobacterial pathogens. in mycobacterium marinum, an established model for esx-1 secretion in mycobacterium tuberculosis, genes required for esx-1 export reside at the extended region of difference 1 (rd1) locus. in this study, a novel locus required for esx-1 export in m. marinum was identified outside the rd1 locus. an m. marinum strain bearing a transposon-insertion between the mmar_1663 and mmar_1664 genes ... | 2014 | 24610712 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection following contact with reptiles: vivarium granuloma. | a 19-year-old man presented with a 1.5-cm nodule on the first dorsal metacarpal ray. the patient denied having contact with fish tanks or fish, but recalled handling many reptiles without gloves in the vivarium where he worked. a culture of a skin biopsy specimen yielded mycobacterium marinum. the clinical outcome was favourable after a 2-week course of intramuscular gentamicin (180 mg daily) combined with a 6-week course of oral clarithromycin (500 mg twice a day). doctors should be aware that ... | 2014 | 24530276 |
| treatment of biopsy and culture negative mycobacterium marinum: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. | mycobacterium marinum infections are frequently linked to aquatic environments. cutaneous infections with these organisms cause superficial nodules, ulcerations, and pustules on the skin. involvement of the deeper tissue may occur when diagnosis and treatment are delayed, allowing the organisms to spread. the diagnostic criteria for infections rely on a detailed patient history, a typical clinical presentation, positive cultures, characteristic organism smear, and if available cr-rflp analysis a ... | 2014 | 24509973 |
| fish tank granuloma caused by mycobacterium marinum in two aquarists: two case reports. | mycobacterium marinum, the cause of chronic systemic infections in fish, occasionally causes granulomatous skin and soft tissue lesions in humans. cutaneous mycobacterial infection in two patients owing to unusual circumstances is presented in this report. the first patient was infected through improper hygienic behavior, while infection in the second patient was previously misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis and treated with methylprednisolone for a period of three months, which resulted in a ... | 2013 | 24392446 |
| atypical mycobacterium marinum infection (aquarium granuloma) in a patient on tnfα antagonist therapy for psoriatic arthritis. | | 2014 | 24387972 |
| mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids. | the evolutionary survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of human tuberculosis, depends on its ability to invade the host, replicate, and transmit infection. at its initial peripheral infection site in the distal lung airways, m. tuberculosis infects macrophages, which transport it to deeper tissues. how mycobacteria survive in these broadly microbicidal cells is an important question. here we show in mice and zebrafish that m. tuberculosis, and its close pathogenic relative mycobacter ... | 2014 | 24336213 |
| increased phagocytosis of mycobacterium marinum mutants defective in lipooligosaccharide production: a structure-activity relationship study. | mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne pathogen responsible for tuberculosis-like infections in ectotherms and is an occasional opportunistic human pathogen. in the environment, m. marinum also interacts with amoebae, which may serve as a natural reservoir for this microorganism. however, the description of mycobacterial determinants in the early interaction with macrophages or amoebae remains elusive. lipooligosaccharides (loss) are cell surface-exposed glycolipids capable of modulating the host ... | 2014 | 24235141 |
| paramecium caudatum enhances transmission and infectivity of mycobacterium marinum and m. chelonae in zebrafish danio rerio. | mycobacterial infections in laboratory zebrafish danio rerio are common and widespread in research colonies. mycobacteria within free-living amoebae have been shown to be transmission vectors for mycobacteriosis. paramecium caudatum are commonly used as a first food for zebrafish, and we investigated this ciliate's potential to serve as a vector of mycobacterium marinum and m. chelonae. the ability of live p. caudatum to transmit these mycobacteria to larval, juvenile and adult zebrafish was eva ... | 2013 | 24192000 |
| analysis of seca2-dependent substrates in mycobacterium marinum identifies protein kinase g (pkng) as a virulence effector. | the pathogenicity of mycobacteria is closely associated with their ability to export virulence factors. for this purpose, mycobacteria possess different protein secretion systems, including the accessory sec translocation pathway, seca2. although this pathway is associated with intracellular survival and virulence, the seca2-dependent effector proteins remain largely undefined. in this work, we studied a mycobacterium marinum seca2 mutant with an impaired capacity to initiate granuloma formation ... | 2014 | 24119166 |
| microrna-146 function in the innate immune transcriptome response of zebrafish embryos to salmonella typhimurium infection. | micrornas (mirnas) have recently been shown to play important roles in development of the immune system and in fine-tuning of immune responses. human mir-146 family members are known as inflammation-inducible mirnas involved in negative feedback regulation of toll-like receptor (tlr) signalling. dysregulation of the mir-146 family has often been linked to inflammatory diseases and malignancies. this study reports on mir-146a and mir-146b as infection-inducible mirnas in zebrafish, which has emer ... | 2013 | 24112639 |
| revealing of mycobacterium marinum transcriptome by rna-seq. | transcriptome analysis has played an essential role for revealing gene expression and the complexity of regulations at transcriptional level. rna-seq is a powerful tool for transcriptome profiling, which uses deep-sequencing technologies to directly determine the cdna sequence. here, we utilized rna-seq to explore the transcriptome of mycobacteriummarinum (m. marinum), which is a useful model to study the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). two profiles of exponential and early sta ... | 2013 | 24098731 |
| an adult zebrafish model for preclinical tuberculosis vaccine development. | tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge despite extensive vaccination schemes with the current live vaccine, bacillus calmette-guérin. tuberculosis vaccine research has been hampered by a scarcity of animal models which replicate human disease and are suitable for large-scale studies. we have shown recently that mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of mycobacterium tuberculosis, causes an infection resembling human tuberculosis in adult zebrafish (danio rerio). in the present stu ... | 2013 | 24055305 |
| aquarium-borne mycobacterium marinum skin infection. report of 15 cases and review of the literature. | mycobacterium marinum is a non-tuberculous photochromogenic mycobacterium, commonly responsible for fish and amphibious infections world-wide. contagion in humans typically follows minor hand trauma from aquarium keeping and manifests as a granulomatous infection of the skin. dissemination is rare and almost exclusive to immunosuppressed hosts. 15 cases of m. marinum fish tank related infection are hereby reported. the site of infection was the upper limbs in all cases. 3 patients presented a si ... | 2013 | 24002023 |
| the fish tank strikes again: metachronous nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infection in an immunosuppressed host. | an 82-year-old woman on long-term prednisolone for chronic obstructive airways disease presented with a 2-month history of nodules on her left forearm. this occurred 10 years after nodules on her right forearm caused by a culture-proven mycobacterium marinum infection. histopathological examination, polymerase chain reaction and culture of biopsy specimens were positive for m. chelonae. to our knowledge this is the first case of metachronous nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infection reported, ... | 2014 | 23991645 |
| invasive mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand. | mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand is rare. we report the case of a 39-year-old man with m marinum infection that resulted in a chronic soft tissue infection, extensor tendon synovitis, and arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal (mcp) joints. the cause was probably tropical freshwater fishes. | 2013 | 23971680 |
| antimicrobial responses of teleost phagocytes and innate immune evasion strategies of intracellular bacteria. | during infection, macrophage lineage cells eliminate infiltrating pathogens through a battery of antimicrobial responses, where the efficacy of these innate immune responses is pivotal to immunological outcomes. not surprisingly, many intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms to overcome macrophage defenses, using these immune cells as residences and dissemination strategies. with pathogenic infections causing increasing detriments to both aquacultural and wild fish populations, it is impe ... | 2014 | 23954721 |
| relative prevalence of mycobacterium marinum in fish collected from aquaria and natural freshwaters in central europe. | a survey was carried out on occurrence of mycobacterium marinum in fish kept in aquaria and those living in their natural environment. species-specific qpcr targeting the erp and is2404 genes together with the conventional culture method were used. the analysis of 72 ornamental fish (n = 216 samples: gills, muscle and intestine) collected from aquaria revealed the presence of m. marinum in 30 individuals (41.7%) of whom 17 (23.6%) were later culture positive. culture-independent detection reveal ... | 2014 | 23952681 |
| mycobacterium marinum: a potential immunotherapy for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the immune response induced by mycobacterium marinum infection in vitro and the potential of m. marinum as an immunotherapy for m. tuberculosis infection. | 2013 | 23930073 |
| antibacterial and herbicidal activity of ring-substituted 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides. | in this study, a series of twenty-two ring-substituted 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1‑carboxanilides were prepared and characterized. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against staphylococcus aureus, three methicillin-resistant s. aureus strains, mycobacterium marinum, m. kasasii, m. smegmatis. and m. avium paratuberculosis. the compounds were also tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l ... | 2013 | 23924993 |
| mannan core branching of lipo(arabino)mannan is required for mycobacterial virulence in the context of innate immunity. | the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains an important worldwide health threat. although tb is one of the oldest infectious diseases of man, a detailed understanding of the mycobacterial mechanisms underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. here, we studied the role of the α(1→2) mannosyltransferase mptc in mycobacterial virulence, using the mycobacterium marinum zebrafish infection model. like its m. tuberculosis orthologue, disruption of m. marinum mptc (mmar_ ... | 2013 | 23902464 |
| the cell wall-associated mycolactone polyketide synthases are necessary but not sufficient for mycolactone biosynthesis. | mycolactones are polyketide-derived lipid virulence factors made by the slow-growing human pathogen, mycobacterium ulcerans. three unusually large and homologous plasmid-borne genes (mlsa1: 51 kb, mlsb: 42 kb and mlsa2: 7 kb) encode the mycolactone type i polyketide synthases (pks). the extreme size and low sequence diversity of these genes has posed significant barriers for exploration of the genetic and biochemical basis of mycolactone synthesis. here, we have developed a truncated, more tract ... | 2013 | 23894666 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection occurring on the face. | | 2013 | 23834477 |
| comparative genome analysis of fish and human isolates of mycobacterium marinum. | mycobacterium marinum is a major causative agent of mycobacteriosis in fish that has a broad range of hosts, including in human isolates. so far, genomic analyses have focused on the human isolate. here, we compared the draft genome sequences of two strains of m. marinum isolated from fish (mb2 and europe) with the m. marinum m isolated from humans. m. marinum mb2 and europe have single, circular chromosomes of 6,134,389 and 6,029,340 bp, and average g + c contents of 65.7 and 65.5 %, respective ... | 2013 | 23728847 |
| comparison of fixatives and fixation time for pcr detection of mycobacterium in zebrafish danio rerio . | mycobacteriosis is a common disease of laboratory zebrafish danio rerio. different infection patterns occur in zebrafish depending on mycobacterial species. mycobacterium marinum and m. haemophilum produce virulent infections associated with high mortality, whereas m. chelonae is more widespread and is not associated with high mortality. identification of mycobacterial infections to the species level provides important information for making management decisions. observation of acid-fast bacilli ... | 2013 | 23709464 |
| evaluation of the pathogenesis and treatment of mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish. | mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish are used to study tuberculosis pathogenesis, as well as for antitubercular drug discovery. the small size of zebrafish larvae coupled with their optical transparency allows for rapid analysis of bacterial burdens and host survival in response to genetic and pharmacological manipulations of both mycobacteria and host. automated fluorescence microscopy and automated plate fluorimetry (apf) are coupled with facile husbandry to facilitate large-scale, repeate ... | 2013 | 23680983 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection in a case of psoriasis treated with antitumor necrosis factor α antibody detected by quantiferon(®) -tb test. | | 2014 | 23675972 |
| a new cultivation-independent tool for fast and reliable detection of mycobacterium marinum. | the mycobacterium marinum group (mmg) is a class of mycobacteria that includes m. marinum, the cause of chronic systemic infections in fish. this species occasionally causes granulomatous skin lesions in humans. other members of mmg are mycolactone-producing mycobacteria (mpm; m. ulcerans, m. shottsii and m. pseudoshottsii). the cultivation-independent approach presented in this study brings a fast and reliable alternative to classically used cultivation methods. the developed triplex erp/is2404 ... | 2014 | 23634824 |
| a zebrafish high throughput screening system used for staphylococcus epidermidis infection marker discovery. | staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria are a major cause of biomaterial-associated infections in modern medicine. yet there is little known about the host responses against this normally innocent bacterium in the context of infection of biomaterials. in order to better understand the factors involved in this process, a whole animal model with high throughput screening possibilities and markers for studying the host response to s. epidermidis infection are required. | 2013 | 23586901 |
| ppe38 of mycobacterium marinum triggers the cross-talk of multiple pathways involved in the host response, as revealed by subcellular quantitative proteomics. | the pe/ppe family of proteins which are in high abundance in pathogenic species such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. marinum , play the critical role in generating antigenic variation and evasion of host immune responses. however, little is known about their functional roles in mycobacterial pathogenesis. previously, we found that ppe38 is associated with the virulence of mycobacteria, presumably by modulating the host immune response. to clarify the link between ppe38 and host response, we ... | 2013 | 23514422 |
| a rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium marinum infection in a newly diagnosed hiv-1 individual. | mycobacterium marinum is a rare non-tuberculous mycobacterium known commonly to cause fish tank granuloma. it is found in aquatic surroundings and is common in healthy individuals. we report a case and review the literature in an immunocompromised hiv-1 individual with a first reported case of a rifampicin-resistant m. marinum organism in the literature. | 2013 | 23512514 |
| differential detergent extraction of mycobacterium marinum cell envelope proteins identifies an extensively modified threonine-rich outer membrane protein with channel activity. | a striking characteristic of mycobacteria is the presence of an unusual outer membrane which forms a thick permeability barrier and provides resistance to many antibiotics. although specialized proteins must reside in this layer, only few mycolate outer membrane (mom) proteins have been identified to date. their discovery is complicated by difficulties in obtaining good separation of mycobacterial inner and outer membranes. during our efforts to identify novel mycobacterial outer membrane protei ... | 2013 | 23457249 |
| vitamin d-dependent cathelicidin inhibits mycobacterium marinum infection in human monocytic cells. | 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25(oh)2d3) up-regulates the production of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (camp) from monocytes/macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tbc). camp facilitates the co-localization of autophagolysosomes with m. tbc, promoting the antimicrobial activity of monocytes. mycobacterium marinum (m. marinum) is an acid-fast bacillus that causes less severe granulomatous skin lesions compared with m. tbc. | 2013 | 23452544 |
| fishing-injury-related flexor tenosynovitis of the hand: a case report and review. | hand infections occurring after fishing and other marine-related activities may involve uncommon bacteria that are not susceptible to the conventional or empiric antibiotic therapy used to treat soft tissue infections. therefore appropriate treatment is often delayed and could lead to severe hand damage. an illustrative case of fishing-related injury leading to complicated tenosynovitis and horseshoe abscess caused by mycobacterium marinum and its treatment course is outlined. laceration of the ... | 2013 | 23401823 |
| asymmetric growth and division in mycobacterium spp.: compensatory mechanisms for non-medial septa. | mycobacterium spp., rod-shaped cells belonging to the phylum actinomycetes, lack the min- and noc/slm systems responsible for preventing the placement of division sites at the poles or over the nucleoids to ensure septal assembly at mid-cell. we show that the position for establishment of the ftsz-ring in exponentially growing mycobacterium marinum and mycobacterium smegmatis cells is nearly random, and that the cells often divide non-medially, producing two unequal but viable daughters. septal ... | 2013 | 23387305 |
| deficiency in hematopoietic phosphatase ptpn6/shp1 hyperactivates the innate immune system and impairs control of bacterial infections in zebrafish embryos. | deficiency in src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1/protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 (shp1/ptpn6) is linked with chronic inflammatory diseases and hematological malignancies in humans. in this study, we exploited the embryonic and larval stages of zebrafish (danio rerio) as an animal model to study ptpn6 function in the sole context of innate immunity. we show that ptpn6 knockdown induces a spontaneous inflammation-associated phenotype at the late larval stage. sur ... | 2013 | 23335748 |
| bacterial classification of fish-pathogenic mycobacterium species by multigene phylogenetic analyses and maldi biotyper identification system. | mycobacterium marinum is difficult to distinguish from other species of mycobacterium isolated from fish using biochemical methods. here, we used genetic and proteomic analyses to distinguish three mycobacterium strains: m. marinum strains mb2 and europe were isolated from tropical and marine fish in thailand and europe, and mycobacterium sp. 012931 strain was isolated from yellowtail in japan. in phylogenetic trees based on gyrb, rpob, and ag85b genes, mycobacterium sp. 012931 clustered with m. ... | 2013 | 23229498 |
| successful treatment of refractory cutaneous infection caused by mycobacterium marinum with a combined regimen containing amikacin. | the incidence of mycobacterium marinum infection has been increasing. first-line antituberculous drugs and other common antibiotics are effective for most cutaneous m. marinum infections; however, treatment failure still occurs in some rare cases. we report a case of a 70-year-old man with refractory cutaneous infection caused by m. marinum. reasons for delayed diagnosis and related factors of the refractory infection are also discussed. | 2012 | 23226012 |
| identification of the mycobacterium tuberculosis protein pe-pgrs62 as a novel effector that functions to block phagosome maturation and inhibit inos expression. | using a genetic screen in yeast we found that mycobacterium tuberculosis pe-pgrs62 was capable of disrupting yeast vacuolar protein sorting, suggesting effects on endosomal trafficking. to study the impact of pe-pgrs62 on macrophage function, we infected murine macrophages with mycobacterium smegmatis expressing pe-pgrs62. infected cells displayed phagosome maturation arrest. phagosomes acquired rab5, but displayed a significant defect in rab7 and lamp-1 acquisition. macrophages infected with m. ... | 2013 | 23167250 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection in drosophila melanogaster for antimycobacterial activity assessment. | the major advantages of drosophila melanogaster are a well-characterized immune system and high degree of susceptibility to tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium marinum. the d. melanogaster-m. marinum infection model is gaining momentum as a screening tool because it is genetically amenable, low priced, rapid, technically convenient and ethically acceptable. in this context, the aim of this study was to develop a new, effective d. melanogaster-m. marinum in vivo efficacy model for antimycobacter ... | 2013 | 23118147 |
| mycobacterium marinum osteomyelitis of the first metatarsal. | mycobacterium marinum (mm) infections secondary to injuries occurring in the aquatic environment have been widely described in literature, especially in immunosuppressed patients. the most frequent locations are the hands and forearms in patients exposed to water. the infection usually presents as a granuloma affecting superficial structures. however, due to the difficulty of diagnosis and the chronic course of the condition, deeper structures may eventually become affected. late presentation of ... | 2012 | 26662782 |
| insights into tuberculosis from the zebrafish model. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) continues to plague humanity because of significant gaps in our understanding of mtb infection, including the nature of a protective versus pathological host response, why antimicrobial cure is so difficult, and the ineffectiveness of vaccination. the development of a zebrafish model, utilizing infection with the natural fish pathogen mycobacterium marinum (mm), has yielded important insights into tuberculosis with immediate clinical applications. | 2012 | 23084762 |
| genotypic characteristics of a mycobacterium sp. isolated from yellowtail seriola quinqueradiata and striped jack pseudocaranx dentex in japan. | in japan, a mycobacterium marinum-like mycobacterium was isolated from the yellowtail, seriola quinqueradiata. the species was identified as m. marinum by a commercial mycobacterial dna-dna hybridization kit. nevertheless, pcr restriction analysis of the dna of its rna polymerase β-subunit gene definitively showed that this mycobacterium sp. was m. ulcerans. pcr analysis revealed the genotypic characteristics of m. ulcerans in the mycobacterium sp., only the mup053 gene sequence being absent, as ... | 2013 | 23043488 |
| mycobacterium marinum causes a latent infection that can be reactivated by gamma irradiation in adult zebrafish. | the mechanisms leading to latency and reactivation of human tuberculosis are still unclear, mainly due to the lack of standardized animal models for latent mycobacterial infection. in this longitudinal study of the progression of a mycobacterial disease in adult zebrafish, we show that an experimental intraperitoneal infection with a low dose (≈ 35 bacteria) of mycobacterium marinum, results in the development of a latent disease in most individuals. the infection is characterized by limited mor ... | 2012 | 23028333 |
| neutrophils exert protection in the early tuberculous granuloma by oxidative killing of mycobacteria phagocytosed from infected macrophages. | neutrophils are typically the first responders in host defense against invading pathogens, which they destroy by both oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. however, despite a longstanding recognition of neutrophil presence at disease sites in tuberculosis, their role in defense against mycobacteria is unclear. here we exploit the genetic tractability and optical transparency of zebrafish to monitor neutrophil behavior and its consequences during infection with mycobacterium marinum, a natural f ... | 2012 | 22980327 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of mycobacterium marinum: new insights into host and environmental specificities. | mycobacterium marinum causes a systemic tuberculosis-like disease in fish and skin infections in humans that can spread to deeper structures, resulting in tenosynovitis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis. however, little information is available concerning (i) the intraspecific genetic diversity of m. marinum isolated from humans and animals; (ii) m. marinum genotype circulation in the different ecosystems, and (iii) the link between m. marinum genetic diversity and hosts (humans and fish). here, we ... | 2012 | 22952269 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand and wrist. | to review records of 166 patients who underwent treatment for mycobacterium marinum tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist to identify factors associated with functional outcome. | 2012 | 22933682 |
| fish tank granuloma caused by mycobacterium marinum. | mycobacterium marinum causes skin and soft tissue, bone and joint, and rare disseminated infections. in this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment outcome and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. a total of 27 patients with m. marinum infections were enrolled. | 2012 | 22911774 |
| analysis of the immune response in infections of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) with mycobacterium marinum. | the rapid doubling time and genetic relatedness of the fish pathogen mycobacterium marinum to mycobacterium tuberculosis has rendered the former an attractive model for investigating mycobacterial host-pathogen interactions. we employed the m. marinum-goldfish infection model to investigate the in vivo immune responses to this pathogen in the context of a natural host. histological analysis revealed mycobacterial infiltrates in goldfish kidney and spleen tissues, peaking 28 days post infections ... | 2012 | 22885635 |
| mycobacterium marinum: an increasingly common opportunistic infection in patients on infliximab. | | 2012 | 22859009 |
| mycobacterium marinum seca2 promotes stable granulomas and induces tumor necrosis factor alpha in vivo. | seca2 is an atpase present in some pathogenic gram-positive bacteria, is required for translocation of a limited set of proteins across the cytosolic membrane, and plays an important role in virulence in several bacteria, including mycobacteria that cause diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy. however, the mechanisms by which seca2 affects virulence are incompletely understood. to investigate whether seca2 modulates host immune responses in vivo, we studied mycobacterium marinum infection in ... | 2012 | 22851747 |
| specific chaperones for the type vii protein secretion pathway. | mycobacteria use the dedicated type vii protein secretion systems esx-1 and esx-5 to secrete virulence factors across their highly hydrophobic cell envelope. the substrates of these systems include the large mycobacterial pe and ppe protein families, which are named after their characteristic pro-glu and pro-pro-glu motifs. pathogenic mycobacteria secrete large numbers of pe/ppe proteins via the major export pathway, esx-5. in addition, a few pe/ppe proteins have been shown to be exported by esx ... | 2012 | 22843727 |
| an in vivo platform for rapid high-throughput antitubercular drug discovery. | treatment of tuberculosis, like other infectious diseases, is increasingly hindered by the emergence of drug resistance. drug discovery efforts would be facilitated by facile screening tools that incorporate the complexities of human disease. mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish larvae recapitulate key aspects of tuberculosis pathogenesis and drug treatment. here, we develop a model for rapid in vivo drug screening using fluorescence-based methods for serial quantitative assessment of drug e ... | 2012 | 22840407 |
| identification of the mycobacterium marinum apa antigen o-mannosylation sites reveals important glycosylation variability with the m. tuberculosis apa homologue. | the 45/47 kda apa, an immuno-dominant antigen secreted by mycobacterium tuberculosis is o-mannosylated at multiple sites. glycosylation of apa plays a key role in colonization and invasion of the host cells by m. tuberculosis through interactions of apa with the host immune system c-type lectins. mycobacterium marinum (m.ma) a fish pathogen, phylogenetically close to m. tuberculosis, induces a granulomatous response with features similar to those described for m. tuberculosis in human. although ... | 2012 | 22828516 |
| structural determination and toll-like receptor 2-dependent proinflammatory activity of dimycolyl-diarabino-glycerol from mycobacterium marinum. | although it was identified in the cell wall of several pathogenic mycobacteria, the biological properties of dimycolyl-diarabino-glycerol have not been documented yet. in this study an apolar glycolipid, presumably corresponding to dimycolyl-diarabino-glycerol, was purified from mycobacterium marinum and subsequently identified as a 5-o-mycolyl-β-araf-(1→2)-5-o-mycolyl-α-araf-(1→1')-glycerol (designated mma_dmag) using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometr ... | 2012 | 22798072 |
| a case of opportunistic skin infection with mycobacterium marinum during adalimumab treatment in a patient with crohn's disease. | opportunistic infections, especially reactivation with m. tuberculosis, are major complications during treatment with anti-tnf agents. infections with atypical mycobacteria like mycobacterium marinum are rare and tend to turn into a difficult and prolonged course due to delayed diagnosis. this is the first case of m. marinum infection during adalimumab therapy in a patient with crohn's disease. the most important diagnostic step was a detailed medical history as pcr tested for m. tuberculosis an ... | 2013 | 22770648 |
| on the origin of mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of buruli ulcer. | mycobacterium ulcerans is an unusual bacterial pathogen with elusive origins. while closely related to the aquatic dwelling m. marinum, m. ulcerans has evolved the ability to produce the immunosuppressive polyketide toxin mycolactone and cause the neglected tropical disease buruli ulcer. other mycolactone-producing mycobacteria (mpm) have been identified in fish and frogs and given distinct species designations (m. pseudoshottsii, m. shinshuense, m. liflandii and m. marinum), however the evoluti ... | 2012 | 22712622 |
| musculoskeletal ultrasound prompts a rare diagnosis of mycobacterium marinum infection. | | 2012 | 22632095 |
| host cell autophagy activated by antibiotics is required for their effective antimycobacterial drug action. | the current standard of treatment against tuberculosis consists of a cocktail of first-line drugs, including isoniazid and pyrazinamide. although these drugs are known to be bactericidal, contribution of host cell responses in the context of antimycobacterial chemotherapy, if any, remains unknown. we demonstrate that isoniazid and pyrazinamide promote autophagy activation and phagosomal maturation in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb)-infected host cells. treatment of mtb-infected macrophages with ... | 2012 | 22607799 |
| [a case of lung infection complicated by pneumothorax caused by mycobacterium marinum]. | mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne mycobacterium that commonly infects fish and amphibians worldwide, but transmission to humans can occasionally occur, typically as a granulomatous skin infection following minor hand trauma. infection involving the lungs is very rare. we herein describe a case of m. marinum-associated pneumonia and pneumothorax. in august 2008, an 81-year-old man was admitted to a hospital for detailed examination of weight loss and an abnormal shadow on chest imaging. based ... | 2012 | 22606882 |
| direct detection of bacterial protein secretion using whole colony proteomics. | bacteria use a variety of secretion systems to transport proteins beyond their cell membrane to interact with their environment. for bacterial pathogens, these systems are key virulence determinants that transport bacterial proteins into host cells. genetic screens to identify bacterial genes required for export have relied on enzymatic or fluorescent reporters fused to known substrates to monitor secretion. however, they cannot be used in analysis of all secretion systems, limiting the implemen ... | 2012 | 22580590 |
| unexpected link between lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and surface protein release in mycobacterium marinum. | the mycobacterial cell envelope is characterized by the presence of a highly impermeable second membrane, which is composed of mycolic acids intercalated with different unusual free lipids, such as lipooligosaccharides (los). transport across this cell envelope requires a dedicated secretion system for extracellular proteins, such as pe_pgrs proteins, which are specific mycobacterial proteins with polymorphic gc-rich sequence (pgrs). in this study, we set out to identify novel components involve ... | 2012 | 22505711 |
| mycobacterium ulcerans causes minimal pathogenesis and colonization in medaka (oryzias latipes): an experimental fish model of disease transmission. | mycobacterium ulcerans causes buruli ulcer in humans, a progressive ulcerative epidermal lesion due to the mycolactone toxin produced by the bacterium. molecular analysis of m. ulcerans reveals it is closely related to mycobacterium marinum, a pathogen of both fish and man. molecular evidence from diagnostic pcr assays for the insertion sequence is2404 suggests an association of m. ulcerans with fish. however, fish infections by m. ulcerans have not been well documented and is2404 has been found ... | 2012 | 22465732 |
| infection of zebrafish embryos with intracellular bacterial pathogens. | zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos are increasingly used as a model for studying the function of the vertebrate innate immune system in host-pathogen interactions. the major cell types of the innate immune system, macrophages and neutrophils, develop during the first days of embryogenesis prior to the maturation of lymphocytes that are required for adaptive immune responses. the ease of obtaining large numbers of embryos, their accessibility due to external development, the optical transparency of ... | 2012 | 22453760 |
| ecca1, a component of the mycobacterium marinum esx-1 protein virulence factor secretion pathway, regulates mycolic acid lipid synthesis. | pathogenic mycobacteria, which cause multiple diseases including tuberculosis, secrete factors essential for disease via the esx-1 protein export system and are partially protected from host defenses by their lipid-rich cell envelopes. these pathogenic features of mycobacterial biology are believed to act independently of each other. key esx-1 components include three atpases, and ecca1 (mycobacterium marinum mmar_5443; m. tuberculosis rv3868) is the least characterized. here we show that m. mar ... | 2012 | 22444592 |
| cutaneous mycobacterium marinum infection mimicking felon in a patient with psoriatic arthritis treated with infliximab. | | 2012 | 22413775 |
| [the fate of 20 sea breams. mycobacterium marinum infection]. | cutaneous infections with mycobacterium marinum are rare. they also are known as swimming pool or fish tank granulomas. often the history of contact with contaminated water associated with microtrauma of the upper extremities leads to the correct diagnosis. since chlorination of swimming pools has become standard, cases of swimming pool granuloma have become rare. contact with fish tanks now is the most common route of infection. positive culture of skin biopsy leads to the correct diagnosis. mo ... | 2012 | 22406761 |
| flexor tenosynovial fistulas in the palm. | tenosynovial fistulas in the palm are rare. if conservative treatment is unsuccessful, surgical treatment may include excision of the fistula and local flap coverage. in this article, i report 15 patients who were surgically treated for tenosynovial fistulas in the palm. | 2012 | 22386552 |
| disruption of the esx-5 system of mycobacterium tuberculosis causes loss of ppe protein secretion, reduction of cell wall integrity and strong attenuation. | the chromosome of mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes five type vii secretion systems (esx-1-esx-5). while the role of the esx-1 and esx-3 systems in m. tuberculosis has been elucidated, predictions for the function of the esx-5 system came from data obtained in mycobacterium marinum, where it transports ppe and pe_pgrs proteins and modulates innate immune responses. to define the role of the esx-5 system in m. tuberculosis, in this study, we have constructed five m. tuberculosis h37rv esx-5 knoc ... | 2012 | 22340629 |
| mycobacterium marinum cutaneous infection with sporotrichoid distribution treated with azithromycin monotherapy. | | 2012 | 22324181 |
| phagosomal rupture by mycobacterium tuberculosis results in toxicity and host cell death. | survival within macrophages is a central feature of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. despite significant advances in identifying new immunological parameters associated with mycobacterial disease, some basic questions on the intracellular fate of the causative agent of human tuberculosis in antigen-presenting cells are still under debate. to get novel insights into this matter, we used a single-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret)-based method to investigate the potential c ... | 2012 | 22319448 |
| host genotype-specific therapies can optimize the inflammatory response to mycobacterial infections. | susceptibility to tuberculosis is historically ascribed to an inadequate immune response that fails to control infecting mycobacteria. in zebrafish, we find that susceptibility to mycobacterium marinum can result from either inadequate or excessive acute inflammation. modulation of the leukotriene a(4) hydrolase (lta4h) locus, which controls the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, reveals two distinct molecular routes to mycobacterial susceptibility converging on dysregulated tnf ... | 2012 | 22304914 |
| both phthiocerol dimycocerosates and phenolic glycolipids are required for virulence of mycobacterium marinum. | phthiocerol dimycocerosates (pdims) and structurally related phenolic glycolipids (pgls) are complex cell wall lipids unique to pathogenic mycobacteria. while these lipids have been extensively studied in recent years, there are conflicting reports on some aspects of their biosynthesis and on the role of pdims and especially pgls in virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis. this has been complicated by the natural deficiency of pgls in many clinical strains of m. tuberculosis and the frequent los ... | 2012 | 22290144 |
| esx-5-deficient mycobacterium marinum is hypervirulent in adult zebrafish. | esx-5 is a mycobacterial type vii protein secretion system responsible for transport of numerous pe and ppe proteins. it is involved in the induction of host cell death and modulation of the cytokine response in vitro. in this work, we studied the effects of esx-5 in embryonic and adult zebrafish using mycobacterium marinum. we found that esx-5-deficient m. marinum was slightly attenuated in zebrafish embryos. surprisingly, the same mutant showed highly increased virulence in adult zebrafish, ch ... | 2012 | 22256857 |
| two-drug antimicrobial chemotherapy: a mathematical model and experiments with mycobacterium marinum. | multi-drug therapy is the standard-of-care treatment for tuberculosis. despite this, virtually all studies of the pharmacodynamics (pd) of mycobacterial drugs employed for the design of treatment protocols are restricted to single agents. in this report, mathematical models and in vitro experiments with mycobacterium marinum and five antimycobacterial drugs are used to quantitatively evaluate the pharmaco-, population and evolutionary dynamics of two-drug antimicrobial chemotherapy regimes. time ... | 2012 | 22253599 |
| mycobacterium marinum as a cause of skin chronic granulomatous in the hand. | mycobacterium marinum infection has a worldwide distribution and the organism occupies many aquatic environments. infections in human consist of nodular cutaneous lesions that can progress to tenosynovitis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis. case presentation : a 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. he worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. a smear from the walls of the necrotic center when stained for acid-f ... | 2011 | 24024015 |
| recurrent cutaneous abscesses in two italian family members. | environmental mycobacteria are the causative factors of an increasing number of infections worldwide. cutaneous infections as a result of such mycobacteria are often misdiagnosed, and their treatment is difficult since they can show in vivo and in vitro multidrug resistance. absence of pathognomonic clinical signs and variable histological findings often delay diagnosis. we report a case of localized recurrent soft tissue swelling by mycobacterium marinum in 2 members of the same family. the cas ... | 2010 | 24470891 |
| masquerading mycobacterium: plastic surgeon to the rescue. | a patient with a mycobacterium marinum infection of the hand is described. the present case illustrates that m marinum infection may mimic common skin conditions such as eczema, and fungal and parasitic infestations. key elements in the diagnosis and management of this infection are a high index of suspicion, a detailed history of recreational or occupational exposure to exotic fish, tissue biopsy, wound culture and prompt empirical antibiotic therapy. once in vitro organism sensitivities are ob ... | 2005 | 24223001 |
| short course monotherapy with clarithromycin for localized mycobacterium marinum skin infection. | in vitro studies have shown that mycobacterium marinum is usually susceptible to clarithromycin. however, there are limited published data on the clinical use of clarithromycin for the treatment of m marinum infections. this report describes a previously healthy 58-year-old man who developed a chronic soft tissue infection of his right hand caused by m marinum. he responded to four weeks' therapy with clarithromycin. follow-up at six months showed no relapse. our experience and review of the lit ... | 1997 | 22514489 |
| a new cinnamic acid derivative from plant-derived endophytic fungus pyronema sp. | ten secondary metabolites (1-10) including a new 4-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, methyl 2-{(e)-2-[4-(formyloxy)phenyl]ethenyl}-4-methyl-3-oxopentanoate (1), and nine known compounds (2-10) were isolated from an etoac extract derived from a solid rice medium of endophytic fungal strain pyronema sp. (a2-1 & d1-2). their structures were elucidated from nmr and hrms data. all the compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against mycobacterium marinum atccbaa-535. compounds 1, 8 and 9 exhi ... | 2017 | 28391728 |
| inhibitors of mycobacterium marinum virulence identified in a dictyostelium discoideum host model. | tuberculosis remains one of the major threats to public health worldwide. given the prevalence of multi drug resistance (mdr) in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, there is a strong need to develop new anti-mycobacterial drugs with modes of action distinct from classical antibiotics. inhibitors of mycobacterial virulence might target new molecular processes and may represent a potential new therapeutic alternative. in this study, we used a dictyostelium discoideum host model to assess virulence ... | 2017 | 28727774 |
| spatio-temporal study of environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from wardha district in central india. | during the last two decades, nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have gained in importance but there is still a paucity of data, particularly for environmental isolates. we studied, over a period of two years, the spatio-temporal features of ntm isolates obtained from different environmental sources in wardha district, india. a total of 1398 samples (699 each of soil and water) were tested and 170 (12.2%) yielded ntm isolates, including 123 from soil and 47 from water samples. out of 170 ntm isola ... | 2017 | 28836034 |
| the impact of genome region of difference 4 (rd4) on mycobacterial virulence and bcg efficacy. | comparative genome analyses have revealed a number of regions of difference (rd) among mycobacterial species. the functional consequences of most of these genome variations have not been studied. rd4, which encompasses rv1506c-rv1516c of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) h37rv, is absent in the closely related mycobacterium bovis and m. bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). on the other hand, we previously found that mycobacterium marinum has an extended rd4 which includes a number of genes invo ... | 2017 | 28642843 |
| efficacy of calcium hypochlorite and ultraviolet irradiation against mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium marinum. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) cause opportunistic infections with increasing frequency in immunocompromised humans. water is one of the natural sources for transmission of ntm and plays a major role in the epidemiology of ntm infections. this study evaluated the efficacy of calcium hypochlorite and ultraviolet irradiation (uv) to eliminate potentially zoonotic ntm species such as m. marinum and m. fortuitum. | 2017 | 28776533 |
| acid-fast bacterium detection and identification from paraffin-embedded tissues using a pcr-pyrosequencing method. | acid-fast bacterium (afb) identification from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues is challenging and may not be readily available to the clinical laboratory. a method to detect and identify afb from ffpe tissues using pcr and pyrosequencing (pcr-seq) was developed and evaluated. | 2017 | 28735303 |
| in silico prediction of antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium ulcerans agy99 through whole genome sequence analysis. | buruli ulcer is an emerging infectious disease caused by mycobacterium ulcerans that has been reported from 33 countries. antimicrobial agents either alone or in combination with surgery have been proved to be clinically relevant and therapeutic strategies have been deduced mainly from the empirical experience. the genome sequences of m. ulcerans strain agy99, m. ulcerans ecovar liflandii, and three mycobacterium marinum strains were analyzed to predict resistance in these bacteria. fourteen put ... | 2017 | 28749770 |
| microbial offense vs host defense: who controls the tb granuloma? | the granuloma is the hallmark of tuberculosis and simultaneously signifies acquisition of an infection and induction of a host immune response. but who benefits more from the development of the granuloma, the host or the pathogen? is microbe or man dictating disease course and progression? mycobacterial diseases affect humans and animals alike, and the concepts presented in this review reflect host-pathogen interactions that influence not only mycobacterial granulomas in humans and animals but a ... | 2017 | 28749750 |
| active nuclear transcriptome analysis reveals inflammasome-dependent mechanism for early neutrophil response to mycobacterium marinum. | the mechanisms governing neutrophil response to mycobacterium tuberculosis remain poorly understood. in this study we utilise biotagging, a novel genome-wide profiling approach based on cell type-specific in vivo biotinylation in zebrafish to analyse the initial response of neutrophils to mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of m. tuberculosis used to model tuberculosis. differential expression analysis following nuclear rna-seq of neutrophil active transcriptomes reveals a significan ... | 2017 | 28747644 |
| identification of novel antigen candidates for a tuberculosis vaccine in the adult zebrafish (danio rerio). | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major global health challenge and the development of a better vaccine takes center stage in fighting the disease. for this purpose, animal models that are capable of replicating the course of the disease and are suitable for the early-stage screening of vaccine candidates are needed. a mycobacterium marinum infection in adult zebrafish resembles human tb. here, we present a pre-clinical screen for a dna-based tuberculosis vaccine in the adult zebrafish using an m. mar ... | 2017 | 28742838 |
| exposure of mycobacterium marinum to low-shear modeled microgravity: effect on growth, the transcriptome and survival under stress. | waterborne pathogenic mycobacteria can form biofilms, and certain species can cause hard-to-treat human lung infections. astronaut health could therefore be compromised if the spacecraft environment or water becomes contaminated with pathogenic mycobacteria. this work uses mycobacterium marinum to determine the physiological changes in a pathogenic mycobacteria grown under low-shear modeled microgravity (lsmmg). m. marinum were grown in high aspect ratio vessels (harvs) using a rotary cell cultu ... | 2016 | 28725743 |