| [the effect of tinidazole in the treatment of adult periodontitis]. | fifty-two adult periodontitis patients were treated by the tablets of tinidazole (tnz), and 23 patients treated by metronidazole (mnz) served as control group. the effective rate of tnz in adult periodontitis patients was 73.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (43.5%). antimicrobial studies showed that the capability of tnz to kill the periodontal dominant anaerobic bacteria, especially b. gingivalis and b. melaninogenicus, was better than that of mnz. the minimal i ... | 1996 | 9592262 |
| constitutive expression of a heterologous eubacterium ruminantium xylanase gene (xyna) in butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | an eubacterium ruminantium xylanase gene (xyna) was inserted into pyk4, a shuttle vector replicable in both escherichia coli and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and the resultant chimeric plasmid (pyk4xt) was electroporated into b. fibrisolvens ob156c in an attempt to obtain a more xylanolytic b. fibrisolvens. electrotransformants were screened by the development of erythromycin resistance, followed by an activity staining and southern hybridization. the presence of mrna from xyna in the transformant ... | 1998 | 9631539 |
| metabolism and pharmacokinetics of orally administered saikosaponin b1 in conventional, germ-free and eubacterium sp. a-44-infected gnotobiote rats. | the metabolic fate of saikosaponin b1 (1) was investigated using conventional, germ-free and eubacterium sp. a-44-infected gnotobiote rats. after the oral administration of 1 to germ-free rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, no metabolite was detected in the plasma, the cecal contents or the cumulative feces through the experiment. on the other hand, when 1 was orally given to the eubacterium sp. a-44-infected gnotobiote rats, considerable amounts of its metabolites, prosaikogenin a (2) and saikogenin a ... | 1998 | 9657043 |
| subgingival microflora associated with nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. | the purpose of this study was to examine the composition of subgingival plaque of 140 periodontal lesions in 35 patients with cardiovascular disorders who were administered nifedipine and manifested nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth (go). age was inversely associated with the go. plaque index and bleeding index showed a significant association with go, while nifedipine dosage and duration of nifedipine therapy were not found to be significant predictors of go. the gingival inflammation as e ... | 1998 | 9660335 |
| biosynthesis of the diterpene verrucosan-2beta-ol in the phototrophic eubacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus. a retrobiosynthetic nmr study. | the biosynthesis of verrucosan-2beta-ol in the green phototrophic eubacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus was investigated by in vivo incorporation of singly or doubly 13c-labeled acetate. the 13c labeling of the isolated diterpene was analyzed by one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy. the 13c-labeling patterns of verrucosan-2beta-ol were compared with the labeling patterns of intermediary metabolites (acetyl-coa, pyruvate, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) which were deduced from amino acids and ... | 1998 | 9660767 |
| the trna(guanine-26,n2-n2) methyltransferase (trm1) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus: cloning, sequencing of the gene and its expression in escherichia coli. | the structural gene pftrm1 (genbank accession no. af051912), encoding trna(guanine-26, n 2- n 2) methyltransferase (ec 2.1.1.32) of the strictly anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus, has been identified by sequence similarity to the trm1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae (ydr120c). the pftrm1 gene in a 3.0 kb restriction dna fragment of p.furiosus genomic dna has been cloned by library screening using a pcr probe to the 5'-part of the corresponding orf. sequence analysis revea ... | 1998 | 9685492 |
| biosynthesis of vitamin b12 in anaerobic bacteria--experiments with eubacterium limosum on the transformation of 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-benzimidazole, its nucleoside, its cobamide, and of 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide in vitamin b12. | in anaerobic bacteria 5-hydroxybenzimidazole and 5-hydroxy-6-methylbenzimidazole are precursors of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety of vitamin b12. in order to elucidate the pathway from these bases to vitamin b12, experiments on the transformation of 5-hydroxy-6-methylbenzimidazole, of 5-hydroxy-6-methylbenzimidazole-alpha-d-ribofuranoside, of 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide and of 5-hydroxy-6-methylbenzimidazolylcobamide into vitamin b12 were carried out. the vitamin b12 synthesized by the ... | 1998 | 9688274 |
| experimental root canal infections in conventional and germ-free mice. | a small animal model was evaluated to study the interrelationships between microorganisms after their implantation in root canals (inferior central incisors) using germ-free (gf) and conventional (cv) mice. the selected microorganisms were: porphyromonas endodontalis (atcc 35406), eubacterium lentum (atcc 25559), peptostreptococcus anaerobius (atcc 27337), fusobacterium nucleatum (atcc 10953), escherichia coli (atcc 25922), and enterococcus faecalis (atcc 4083). only p. anaerobius, e. coli, and ... | 1998 | 9693583 |
| growth-inhibitory effects of galla rhois-derived tannins on intestinal bacteria. | the growth-inhibitory activity of galla rhois-derived materials towards 17 intestinal bacteria was evaluated using an impregnated paper disc method. the biologically active components of galla rhois were characterized as the tannins methyl gallate (mg) and gallic acid (ga) by spectral analysis. the growth responses varied with bacterial strain tested. in the test using 10 mg disc-1, mg and ga produced a clear inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria such as clostridium perfringens, cl. paraputrific ... | 1998 | 9721649 |
| what are archaebacteria: life's third domain or monoderm prokaryotes related to gram-positive bacteria? a new proposal for the classification of prokaryotic organisms. | the evolutionary relationship within prokaryotes is examined based on signature sequences (defined as conserved inserts or deletions shared by specific taxa) and phylogenies derived from different proteins. archaebacteria are indicated as being monophyletic by a number of proteins related to the information transfer processes. in contrast, for several other highly conserved proteins, common signature sequences are present in archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria, whereas gram-negative bacter ... | 1998 | 9723910 |
| immunohistochemical detection for actinomyces sp. in swine tonsillar abscess and granulomatous mastitis. | the tonsils of eleven pigs and the mammary glands of a sow were used to investigate actinomycotic lesions due to actinomyces sp. infection. at necropsy, there was no abnormality on these tonsils, on the other hand, numerous abscesses containing sulfur granules were found in the mammary. histopathologically, the actinomyces sp. lesions were noted as crypt abscesses in the tonsils and as pus-forming granulomas in the mammary glands. the microorganisms in both lesions were composed of bead-like coc ... | 1998 | 9725027 |
| variations of bacterial populations in human feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. | six 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed, validated, and used to quantify predominant groups of anaerobic bacteria in human fecal samples. a set of two probes was specific for species of the bacteroides fragilis group and the species bacteroides distasonis. two others were designed to detect species of the clostridium histolyticum and the clostridium lituseburense groups. another probe was designed for the genera streptococcus and lactococcus, and the final probe was designed f ... | 1998 | 9726880 |
| life's third domain (archaea): an established fact or an endangered paradigm? | the three-domain proposal of woese et al. (proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87, 4576 (1990)) divides all living organisms into three primary groups or domains named archaea (or archaebacteria), bacteria (or eubacteria), and eucarya (or eukaryotes), with eucarya being relatives (or descendants) of archaea. although this proposal is currently widely accepted, sequence features and phylogenies derived from many highly conserved proteins are inconsistent with it and point to a close and specific relations ... | 1998 | 9733652 |
| shewanella amazonensis sp. nov., a novel metal-reducing facultative anaerobe from amazonian shelf muds. | a new bacterial species belonging to the genus shewanella is described on the basis of phenotypic characterization and sequence analysis of its 16s rrna-encoding and gyrase b (gyrb) genes. this organism, isolated from shallow-water marine sediments derived from the amazon river delta, is a gram-negative, motile, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped eubacterium and has a g&c content of 51.7 mol%. strain sb2bt is exceptionally active in the anaerobic reduction of iron, manganes ... | 1998 | 9734053 |
| electrical current generation and proton pumping catalyzed by the ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase from thermus thermophilus. | several amino acid residues that have been shown to be essential for proton transfer in most cytochrome c oxidases are not conserved in the ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase from the thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus. so far, it has been unclear whether the th. thermophilus ba3-type cytochrome c oxidase can nevertheless function as an electrogenic proton pump. in this study, we have combined charge translocation measurements on a lipid bilayer with two independent methods of proton pumpi ... | 1998 | 9738443 |
| an essential protease involved in bacterial cell-cycle control. | proteolytic inactivation of key regulatory proteins is essential in eukaryotic cell-cycle control. we have identified a protease in the eubacterium caulobacter crescentus that is indispensable for viability and cell-cycle progression, indicating that proteolysis is also involved in controlling the bacterial cell cycle. mutants of caulobacter that lack the atp-dependent serine protease clpxp are arrested in the cell cycle before the initiation of chromosome replication and are blocked in the cell ... | 1998 | 9755166 |
| cloning, overproduction, purification and crystallization of the dna binding protein hu from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima. | the humar gene encoding for the histone-like dna-binding protein hu from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima was efficiently overexpressed in escherichia coli under the t7 promoter. the hu protein was purified using sp-sepharose ion-exchange and heparin-affinity chromatography and was successfully crystallized in ammonium sulfate. the crystals were grown in the tetragonal form in space group p43 or p41 and have unit-cell dimensions a = b = 46.12, c = 77.56 a, alpha = beta = gam ... | 1998 | 9757133 |
| phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of ruminal tannin-tolerant bacteria. | the 16s rrna sequences and selected phenotypic characteristics were determined for six recently isolated bacteria that can tolerate high levels of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. bacteria were isolated from the ruminal contents of animals in different geographic locations, including sardinian sheep (ovis aries), honduran and colombian goats (capra hircus), white-tail deer (odocoileus virginianus) from upstate new york, and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from oregon. nearly compl ... | 1998 | 9758806 |
| growth dependence of alpha-glucan phosphorylase activity in thermus thermophilus. | glycogen from the thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus has been characterized by enzymatic, chemical and spectroscopic analysis. with an average chain length of seven glucose units, the glycogen from t. thermophilus is one of the most highly branched glycogens known. in contrast to other bacterial species, in t. thermophilus, accumulation of glycogen appears not be affected by low nitrogen concentration. for the first time, alpha-glucan phosphorylase activity and glycogen content were m ... | 1998 | 9766219 |
| gigantism in a bacterium, epulopiscium fishelsoni, correlates with complex patterns in arrangement, quantity, and segregation of dna. | epulopiscium fishelsoni, gut symbiont of the brown surgeonfish (acanthurus nigrofuscus) in the red sea, attains a larger size than any other eubacterium, varies 10- to 20-fold in length (and >2, 000-fold in volume), and undergoes a complex daily life cycle. in early morning, nucleoids contain highly condensed dna in elongate, chromosome-like structures which are physically separated from the general cytoplasm. cell division involves production of two (rarely three) nucleoids within a cell, depos ... | 1998 | 9791108 |
| construction of a proline-producing mutant of the extremely thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus hb27. | growth of thermus thermophilus hb27 was inhibited by a proline analog, 3,4-dehydroproline (dhp). this result suggested that the gamma-glutamyl kinase (the product of the prob gene) was inhibited by feedback inhibition in t. thermophilus. dhp-resistant mutants were reported previously for escherichia coli (a. m. dandekar and s. l. uratsu, j. bacteriol. 170:5943-5945, 1988) and serratia marcescens (k. omori, s. suzuki, y. imai, and s. komatsubara, j. gen. microbiol. 138:693-699, 1992), and their m ... | 1998 | 9797285 |
| the laminarinase from thermophilic eubacterium rhodothermus marinus--conformation, stability, and identification of active site carboxylic residues by site-directed mutagenesis. | a gene (lamr) encoding laminarinase (lamr) was cloned from the marine thermophilic eubacterium rhodothermus marinus iti278. the enzyme purified from recombinant escherichia coli cells hydrolyses mixed 1,3-1,4-beta-glucans (lichenan, barley and oat beta-glucan) and 1,3-beta-homoglucans (laminarin, curdlan) by an endo type action pattern. the cd spectrum of laminarinase is characteristic for a protein with prevailing beta secondary-structural elements, and the fluorescence spectrum points to a sur ... | 1998 | 9799108 |
| sarcosine reductase of tissierella creatinophila: purification and characterization of its components. | sarcosine reductase is the only reductase system present in tissierella creatinophila when grown on creatinine plus formate. the acetyl-phosphate-forming component protein c was purified to homogeneity. sds-page of the purified protein revealed two protein bands with apparent mol. masses of 62 and 50 kda. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the two subunits was determined. antibodies raised against each of the subunits of protein c from eubacterium acidaminophilum cross-reacted with the corres ... | 1998 | 9799288 |
| [serological investigation on yang xiao-xia's "mysterious disease"]. | the famous "mysterious disease" of yang xiao-xia, a girl from shangdong province, was diagnosed as multi-bacterial synergistic gangrene based on bacteriological, serological and antibiotics sensitivity findings. in order to uncover the initial pathogenic bacteria and to investigate their relationship with environment, a total number of 18 serum samples were collected from volunteers living around patient's home and from patient's relatives. serological study on 4 bacterial strains isolated from ... | 1997 | 9812476 |
| intestinal bacterial hydrolysis is required for the appearance of compound k in rat plasma after oral administration of ginsenoside rb1 from panax ginseng. | ginsenoside rb1 from panax ginseng root is transformed into compound k via ginsenosides rd and f2 by intestinal bacterial flora. among 31 defined intestinal strains from man, only eubacterium sp. a-44 transformed ginsenoside rb1 into compound k via ginsenoside rd. the ginsenoside rb1-hydrolysing enzyme isolated from eubacterium sp. a-44 was identical to a previously purified geniposide-hydrolysing beta-d-glucosidase. when ginsenoside rb1 (200 mg kg-1) was administered orally to germ-free rats, n ... | 1998 | 9821663 |
| aspartate transcarbamylase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima: fused catalytic and regulatory polypeptides form an allosteric enzyme. | in the allosteric aspartate transcarbamylase (atcase) from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima, the catalytic and regulatory functions, which in class b atcases are carried out by specialized polypeptides, are combined on a single type of polypeptide assembled in trimers. the atcases from t. maritima and treponema denticola present intriguing similarities, suggesting horizontal gene transfer. | 1998 | 9829951 |
| deconjugation ability of bacteria isolated from the jejunal fluid of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and its gastric ph. | our goal was to demonstrate the role of bacteria in altered bile acid metabolism, which overgrow in the upper small intestine of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. we identified the bacterial species, isolated from the jejunal fluid obtained from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, who had previously shown an increase in 14co2, specific activity on breath test, and normal controls. after which, we investigated the deconjugation ability of the isolated bacteria and the relati ... | 1998 | 9840121 |
| protein phylogenies and signature sequences: a reappraisal of evolutionary relationships among archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes. | the presence of shared conserved insertion or deletions (indels) in protein sequences is a special type of signature sequence that shows considerable promise for phylogenetic inference. an alternative model of microbial evolution based on the use of indels of conserved proteins and the morphological features of prokaryotic organisms is proposed. in this model, extant archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria, which have a simple, single-layered cell wall structure, are termed monoderm prokaryote ... | 1998 | 9841678 |
| correlation between chlamydial infection and autoimmune response: molecular mimicry between rna polymerase major sigma subunit from chlamydia trachomatis and human l7. | l7 is one of the ribosomal proteins frequently targeted by autoantibodies in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. a computer search revealed a region within the immunodominant epitope of l7 (peptide ii) that is highly homologous to amino acid sequence 264-286 of the rna polymerase major sigma factor of the eubacterium chlamydia trachomatis. anti-l7 autoantibodies affinity purified from the immunodominant epitope were able to recognize this sequence as they reacted with purified recombinant sigma facto ... | 1998 | 9842929 |
| proficiencies of three anaerobic culture systems for recovering periodontal pathogenic bacteria. | anaerobic culture is employed routinely in the primary isolation of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. however, little or no data exist on the relative abilities of the coy anaerobic chamber (coy laboratory products, grass lake, mich.), the gaspak (becton dickinson microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.), and the anaeropack (mitsubishi gas chemical america, inc., new york, n.y.) systems to grow important periodontal species, including porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, ba ... | 1999 | 9854085 |
| characterization of biosynthetic enzymes for ectoine as a compatible solute in a moderately halophilic eubacterium, halomonas elongata. | 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) is an excellent osmoprotectant. the biosynthetic pathway of ectoine from aspartic beta-semialdehyde (asa), in halomonas elongata, was elucidated by purification and characterization of each enzyme involved. 2,4-diaminobutyrate (daba) aminotransferase catalyzed reversively the first step of the pathway, conversion of asa to daba by transamination with l-glutamate. this enzyme required pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and potassium ions for i ... | 1999 | 9864317 |
| the bile acid-inducible baif gene from eubacterium sp. strain vpi 12708 encodes a bile acid-coenzyme a hydrolase. | the human intestinal eubacterium sp. strain vpi 12708 has been shown to have a multistep biochemical pathway for bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation. a bile acid-inducible operon encoding 9 open reading frames has been cloned and sequenced from this organism. several of the genes in this operon have been shown to catalyze specific reactions in the 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway. the baif gene from this operon was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and found to encode a novel bile acid-coenzyme ... | 1999 | 9869646 |
| the role of lipoprotein processing by signal peptidase ii in the gram-positive eubacterium bacillus subtilis. signal peptidase ii is required for the efficient secretion of alpha-amylase, a non-lipoprotein. | computer-assisted analyses indicate that bacillus subtilis contains approximately 300 genes for exported proteins with an amino-terminal signal peptide. about 114 of these are lipoproteins, which are retained in the cytoplasmic membrane. we have investigated the importance of lipoprotein processing by signal peptidase ii (spase ii) for cellular homeostasis, using cells lacking spase ii. the results show that lipoprotein processing is important for cell viability at low and high temperatures, sug ... | 1999 | 9880550 |
| helicobacter pylori: a eubacterium lacking the stringent response. | accumulation of 16s rrna and production of guanosine polyphosphates (pppgpp and ppgpp) were studied during amino acid starvation in three wild-type strains of helicobacter pylori. all strains exhibit a relaxed phenotype with respect to accumulation of 16s rrna. this constitutes the first example of a wild-type eubacterium showing a relaxed phenotype. the guanosine polyphosphate levels do not rise as a result of amino acid starvation, as expected for relaxed organisms. however, in both growing an ... | 1999 | 9882669 |
| anaerobic transformation of quercetin-3-glucoside by bacteria from the human intestinal tract. | from human feces two phenotypically different types of bacteria were isolated on quercetin-3-glucoside as carbon and energy source. isolates of one type were identified as strains of enterococcus casseliflavus. they utilized the sugar moiety of the glycoside, but did not degrade the aglycon further. the sugar moiety (4 mm) was fermented to 5.5 +/- 2.1 mm formate, 2.1 +/- 0.7 mm acetate, 1.6 +/- 0.3 mm l-lactate, and 1.3 +/- 0.4 mm ethanol. the second type of isolate was identified as eubacterium ... | 1999 | 9914304 |
| increased growth of bifidobacterium and eubacterium by germinated barley foodstuff, accompanied by enhanced butyrate production in healthy volunteers. | germinated barley foodstuff (gbf) derived from the aleurone and scutellum fractions of germinated barley mainly consists of low-lignified hemicellulose and glutamine-rich protein. gbf improves the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and defecation, through the bacterial production of short chain fatty acids (scfa), especially butyrate. in this study we investigated the mechanism of production of butyrate by microflora in humans and in vitro. daily administration of 9 g gbf for 14 succes ... | 1999 | 9917526 |
| purification and characterization of glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide beta-d-glucuronidase in eubacterium sp. glh. | glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide (gamg), 1-(18beta-glycyrrhet-3-yl)-beta-d-glucopyranuroic acid, was hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetic acid (ga) by gamg beta-d-glucuronidase in eubacterium sp. glh from human intestinal bacteria. the enzyme had an optimum ph of 5.0 and was purified from a crude extract by butyl toyopearl 650 s, toyopearl hw-55 s, hydroxyapatite and deae-toyopearl 650 m column chromatography. the purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 495 nmol/min/mg protein and a single band on ... | 1999 | 9989667 |
| biotransformation of monoterpenes, bile acids, and other isoprenoids in anaerobic ecosystems. | isoprenoic compounds play a major part in the global carbon cycle. biosynthesis and mineralization by aerobic bacteria have been intensively studied. this review describes our knowledge on the anaerobic metabolism of isoprenoids, mainly by denitrifying and fermentative bacteria. nitrate-reducing beta-proteobacteria were isolated on monoterpenes as sole carbon source and electron donor. thauera spp. were obtained on the oxygen-containing monoterpenes linalool, menthol, and eucalyptol. several str ... | 1998 | 9990726 |
| the effect of sucrose or starch-based diet on short-chain fatty acids and faecal microflora in rats. | an investigation was carried out to determine whether variations of dietary carbohydrates could modify the colonic flora in rats. sprague-dawley rats were fed with two equicaloric diets based on the ain-76 diet (american institute of nutrition 1977) but differing from that diet in content of carbohydrates, i.e. high sucrose (64%) of high corn starch (64%). feeding was continued for 9 months ad libitum and no variation in weight gain was recorded among the different diets. a prevalence of aerobes ... | 1999 | 10063624 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of an azoreductase gene from clostridium perfringens and comparison with azoreductase genes from other bacteria. | a genomic library of clostridium perfringens atcc 3626 was constructed in phage lambda gt11 and screened with an antibody against the c. perfringens azoreductase, which catalyzes the reduction of azo dyes to aromatic amines. a positive recombinant phage, containing a 3.8 kb dna fragment insert was selected and purified. lytic and lysogenic escherichia coli cultures infected with the recombinant phage had higher azoreductase activity than cultures infected only with the vector lambda gt11. the 3. ... | 1999 | 10071864 |
| purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima. | phosphate acetyltransferase (pta) and acetate kinase (ak) of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima have been purified 1,500- and 250-fold, respectively, to apparent homogeneity. pta had an apparent molecular mass of 170 kda and was composed of one subunit with a molecular mass of 34 kda, suggesting a homotetramer (alpha4) structure. the n-terminal amino acid sequence showed significant identity to that of phosphate butyryltransferases from clostridium acetobutylicum rather than t ... | 1999 | 10074080 |
| clinical and microbiological characteristics of smokers with early onset periodontitis. | cigarette smoking is a potential risk factor which has recently been associated with periodontal disease progression. the objective of this study was to compare the microbial profile of smokers and non-smokers in a group of patients with early onset periodontitis. the study population consisted of 60 healthy individuals, 40 males and 20 females aged 22 to 35 yr, exhibiting early onset periodontitis. thirty patients were smokers (30.9 cigarettes/d) and 30 non-smokers. smokers had a higher proport ... | 1999 | 10086883 |
| effect of feeding of a cholesterol-reducing bacterium, eubacterium coprostanoligenes, to germ-free mice. | twelve germ-free mice were used to evaluate the effect of orally administered eubacterium coprostanoligenes (atcc 51222) on serum cholesterol concentration. after 1 week of bacterial administration, serum cholesterol concentration of the experimental group (204.9 +/- 5.3 mg/dl, mean +/- sem) tended to be lower than that of controls (213.7 +/- 5.9 mg/dl, mean +/- sem). the hypocholesterolemic effect, however, was transient. greater coprostanol-to-cholesterol ratios in feces of bacteria-fed mice a ... | 1998 | 10090024 |
| substrate-specific selenoprotein b of glycine reductase from eubacterium acidaminophilum. biochemical and molecular analysis. | the substrate-specific selenoprotein b of glycine reductase (pbglycine) from eubacterium acidaminophilum was purified and characterized. the enzyme consisted of three different subunits with molecular masses of about 22 (alpha), 25 (beta) and 47 kda (gamma), probably in an alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 composition. pbglycine purified from cells grown in the presence of [75se]selenite was labeled in the 47-kda subunit. the 22-kda and 47-kda subunits both reacted with fluorescein thiosemicarbazide, indic ... | 1999 | 10091582 |
| the plasmid-encoded signal peptidase sipp can functionally replace the major signal peptidases sips and sipt of bacillus subtilis. | the gram-positive eubacterium bacillus subtilis is the organism with the largest number of paralogous type i signal peptidases (spases) known. these are specified both by chromosomal and plasmid-borne genes. the chromosomally encoded spases sips and sipt have a major function in precursor processing, and cells depleted of sips and sipt stop growing and die. in this study, we show that the spase sipp, specified by the b. subtilis plasmid pta1015, can functionally replace sips and sipt, unlike the ... | 1999 | 10198007 |
| detection of unculturable bacteria in periodontal health and disease by pcr. | recently developed molecular methods have made it possible to characterize mixed microflora in their entirety, including the substantial numbers of bacteria which do not grow on artificial culture media. in a previous study, molecular analysis of the microflora associated with acute oral infections resulted in the identification of three phylotypes, pus3.42, pus9.170, and pus9.180, representing as-yet-uncultured organisms. the aim of this study was to design and validate specific pcr primers for ... | 1999 | 10203507 |
| diversity of oral asaccharolytic eubacterium species in periodontitis--identification of novel phylotypes representing uncultivated taxa. | oral asaccharolytic eubacterium species are associated with periodontal disease and other oral infections. the aim of this study was to use a culture-independent molecular technique to determine the diversity of asaccharolytic eubacterium species in subgingival plaque in periodontitis. an oligonucleotide pcr primer designed to amplify 16s rrna genes of the oral asaccharolytic eubacterium branch of the phylogenetic tree was constructed. this primer was used together with a universal primer in pcr ... | 1999 | 10204481 |
| biotransformation of glycyrrhizin to 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-o-beta-d-glucuronide by streptococcus lj-22, a human intestinal bacterium. | by human intestinal bacteria, glycyrrhizin (18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-o-[beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1-->2)-betad-glucuro nopyranoside], gl) was metabolized to 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (ga): the main pathway metabolized gl to ga by glucuronidases of bacteroides j-37 and eubacterium sp. glh and the minor pathway metabolized gl to 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-o-beta-d-glucuronide (gamg) by beta-glucuronidase of streptococcus lj-22. beta-glucuronidase from streptococcus lj-22 hydrolyzed gl to g ... | 1999 | 10220293 |
| phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence for the transfer of eubacterium aerofaciens to the genus collinsella as collinsella aerofaciens gen. nov., comb. nov. | three strains of eubacterium aerofacien, jcm 10188t, jcm 7790 and jcm 7791, and 178 freshly isolated strains of the eubacterium aerofaciens group from human faeces were characterized by biochemical tests, cell wall peptidoglycan type and 16s rrna analysis. the eubacterium aerofaciens group was divided into four groups by fermentation patterns of sucrose and cellobiose, and were further divided into 16 sub-groups by fermentation patterns of aesculin, salicin and amygdalin. all of the strains of t ... | 1999 | 10319476 |
| the family coriobacteriaceae: reclassification of eubacterium exiguum (poco et al. 1996) and peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens (lanigan 1976) as slackia exigua gen. nov., comb. nov. and slackia heliotrinireducens gen. nov., comb. nov., and eubacterium lentum (prevot 1938) as eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov. | 16s rrna gene sequences were determined for eubacterium exiguum and peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens. these species were found to be closely related and, together with eubacterium lentum, to constitute a branch of the coriobacteriaceae. two new genera are proposed on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons: slackia to include the bile-sensitive species eubacterium exiguum and p. heliotrinreducens, and eggerthella to include the bile-resistant eubacteriu ... | 1999 | 10319481 |
| differential induction of colitis and gastritis in hla-b27 transgenic rats selectively colonized with bacteroides vulgatus or escherichia coli. | resident bacteria play an important role in initiating and perpetuating gastrointestinal inflammation. we previously demonstrated that six commensal bacteria including bacteroides vulgatus caused more aggressive colitis and gastritis in hla-b27 transgenic rats than did the other five bacteria without b. vulgatus. this study compared the degree of gastrointestinal inflammation in gnotobiotic hla-b27 transgenic rats monoassociated with either b. vulgatus or escherichia coli. gnotobiotic transgenic ... | 1999 | 10338507 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase gene superfamily. the 1998 update. | | 1999 | 10352694 |
| use of a short a/t-rich cassette for enhanced expression of cloned genes in escherichia coli. | a short (43-bp) a/t-rich stretch of dna located in the intergenic region between the baia2 and baif genes from eubacterium sp. strain vpi 12708 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and inserted in front of the shine-dalgarno (sd) sequences of three inefficiently-expressed eubacterium sp. strain vpi 12708 genes cloned in escherichia coli plasmids. insertion of this a/t-rich cassette increased gene expression in all cases tested. deletion of part of the a/t-rich region from a baif clon ... | 1999 | 10367280 |
| heat-inactivated proteins are rescued by the dnak.j-grpe set and clpb chaperones. | functional chaperone cooperation between hsp70 (dnak) and hsp104 (clpb) was demonstrated in vitro. in a eubacterium thermus thermophilus, dnak and dnaj exist as a stable trigonal ring complex (tdnak.j complex) and the dnak gene cluster contains a clpb gene. when substrate proteins were heated at high temperature, none of the chaperones protected them from heat inactivation, but the tdnak.j complex could suppress the aggregation of proteins in an atp- and tgrpe-dependent manner. subsequent incuba ... | 1999 | 10377389 |
| serum antibody response against oral eubacterium species in periodontal disease. | | 1999 | 10384406 |
| nih shift in flavin-dependent monooxygenation: mechanistic studies with 2-aminobenzoyl-coa monooxygenase/reductase. | the flavoprotein 2-aminobenzoyl-coa monooxygenase/reductase from the eubacterium azoarcus evansii catalyzes the dearomatization of 2-aminobenzoyl-coa. the reaction consists in an o2-dependent monooxygenation at the benzene position 5, which is followed immediately by an nadh-dependent hydrogenation of the intermediate at the same catalytic locus. the reaction was studied by 1h, 2h, and 13c nmr spectroscopy of the products. the main product was characterized as 5-oxo-2-aminocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbo ... | 1999 | 10393907 |
| the unique chaperone operon of thermotoga maritima: cloning and initial characterization of a functional hsp70 and small heat shock protein. | the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima possesses an operon encoding an hsp70 molecular chaperone protein and a protein with meaningful homology to the small heat shock protein family of chaperones. this represents the first demonstrated co-operon organization for these two important classes of molecular chaperones. we have cloned and initially characterized these proteins as functional chaperones in vitro: the hsp70 is capable of atp hydrolysis and substrate binding, and the small ... | 1999 | 10400580 |
| tissue distribution and persistence of arthritogenic and non-arthritogenic eubacterium cell walls. | to study the tissue distribution and persistence of arthritogenic and non-arthritogenic eubacterium cell walls (cws), using arthritogenic eubacterium aerofaciens and non-arthritogenic eubacterium limosum. | 1999 | 10410260 |
| phylogenetic relationships of three amino-acid-utilizing anaerobes, selenomonas acidaminovorans, 'selenomonas acidaminophila' and eubacterium acidaminophilum, as inferred from partial 16s rdna nucleotide sequences and proposal of thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans gen. nov., comb. nov. and anaeromusa acidaminophila gen. nov., comb. nov. | 16s rrna gene sequences of three previously described amino-acid-fermenting anaerobes, selenomonas acidaminovorans, 'selenomonas acidaminophila' and eubacterium acidaminophilum, were determined. all three were found to cluster within the clostridium and related genera of the subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria. the thermophile, s. acidaminovorans, formed an individual line of descent and was equidistantly placed between dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans and anaerobaculum thermoterrenum (simila ... | 1999 | 10425752 |
| cryptobacterium curtum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of gram-positive anaerobic rod isolated from human oral cavities. | novel eubacterium-like isolates, strains 12-3t and kv43-b, which were isolated from the periodontal pocket of an adult patient with periodontal disease and necrotic dental pulp, respectively, were studied taxonomically and phylogenetically. the morphological and differential biochemical characteristics of these organisms are also described in this paper. these organisms were gram-positive, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that were inert in most of the conventional biochemical t ... | 1999 | 10425779 |
| phylogeny of the defined murine microbiota: altered schaedler flora. | the "altered schaedler flora" (asf) was developed for colonizing germfree rodents with a standardized microbiota. the purpose of this study was to identify each of the eight asf strains by 16s rrna sequence analysis. three strains were previously identified as lactobacillus acidophilus (strain asf 360), lactobacillus salivarius (strain asf 361), and bacteroides distasonis (strain asf 519) based on phenotypic criteria. 16s rrna analysis indicated that each of the strains differed from its presump ... | 1999 | 10427008 |
| how stable is stable? function versus community composition. | the microbial community dynamics of a functionally stable, well-mixed, methanogenic reactor fed with glucose were analyzed over a 605-day period. the reactor maintained constant ph and chemical oxygen demand removal during this period. thirty-six rrn clones from each of seven sampling events were analyzed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra) for the bacteria and archaea domains and by sequence analysis of dominant members of the community. operational taxonomic units (otus), d ... | 1999 | 10427068 |
| quantification of the flavonoid-degrading bacterium eubacterium ramulus in human fecal samples with a species-specific oligonucleotide hybridization probe. | to investigate the occurrence of the flavonoid-degrading bacterium eubacterium ramulus in the human intestinal tract, an oligonucleotide probe designated s-s-e.ram-0997-a-a-18 was designed and validated, with over 90 bacterial strains representing the dominant described human fecal flora. application of s-s-e. ram-0997-a-a-18 to fecal samples from 20 subjects indicated the presence of e. ramulus in each individual tested in numbers from 4.4 x 10(7) to 2.0 x 10(9) cells/g of fecal dry mass. six f ... | 1999 | 10427069 |
| a chimeric prokaryotic ancestry of mitochondria and primitive eukaryotes. | we provide data and analysis to support the hypothesis that the ancestor of animal mitochondria (mt) and many primitive amitochondrial (a-mt) eukaryotes was a fusion microbe composed of a clostridium-like eubacterium and a sulfolobus-like archaebacterium. the analysis is based on several observations: (i) the genome signatures (dinucleotide relative abundance values) of clostridium and sulfolobus are compatible (sufficiently similar) and each has significantly more similarity in genome signature ... | 1999 | 10430918 |
| evolution and horizontal transfer of dutpase-encoding genes in viruses and their hosts. | dutpase is a ubiquitous and essential enzyme responsible for regulating cellular levels of dutp. the dut gene exists as single, tandemly duplicated, and tandemly triplicated copies. crystallized single-copy dutpases have been shown to assemble as homotrimers. dutpase is encoded as an auxiliary gene in a number of virus genomes. the origin of viral dut genes has remained unresolved since their initial discovery. a comprehensive analysis of dutpase amino acid sequence relationships was performed t ... | 1999 | 10438861 |
| dna structure and novel amino and carboxyl termini of the chlamydia sigma 70 analogue modulate promoter recognition. | genes from the eubacterium chlamydia typically do not share promoter consensus sequences with those of escherichia coli and are not expressed when cloned in e. coli; nevertheless, the major sigma-subunit identified from chlamydia trachomatis has nearly identical amino acid sequence to e. coli sigma 70 in regions that contact dna. following expression of the chlamydial sigma-subunit gene in e. coli, expression was specifically initiated from chlamydial promoter regions. selective recognition of c ... | 1999 | 10439406 |
| structure of the c-terminal domain of flig, a component of the rotor in the bacterial flagellar motor. | many motile species of bacteria are propelled by flagella, which are rigid helical filaments turned by rotary motors in the cell membrane. the motors are powered by the transmembrane gradient of protons or sodium ions. although bacterial flagella contain many proteins, only three-mota, motb and flig-participate closely in torque generation. mota and motb are ion-conducting membrane proteins that form the stator of the motor. flig is a component of the rotor, present in about 25 copies per flagel ... | 1999 | 10440379 |
| phylogenic and phenotypic evidence for the transfer of eubacterium fossor to the genus atopobium as atopobium fossor comb. nov. | the 16s rrna primary structure of eubacterium fossor was determined by sequencing in vitro amplified rdna. sequence comparisons indicated that e. fossor has a specific phylogenetic association with the atopobium species and is far from e. limosum, the type species of the genus eubacterium. phenotypic characters of e. fossor resemble those of the genus atopobium. therefore, we propose that e. fossor should be transferred to the genus atopobium as atopobium fossor comb. nov. | 1999 | 10449244 |
| functional analysis of paralogous thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases in bacillus subtilis. | the in vivo formation of disulfide bonds, which is critical for the stability and/or activity of many proteins, is catalyzed by thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. in the present studies, we show that the gram-positive eubacterium bacillus subtilis contains three genes, denoted bdba, bdbb, and bdbc, for thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, containing two disulfide bonds, was unstable when secreted by b. subtilis cells lacking bdbb or bdbc, and notably, the express ... | 1999 | 10455116 |
| signal peptide peptidase- and clpp-like proteins of bacillus subtilis required for efficient translocation and processing of secretory proteins. | signal peptides direct the export of secretory proteins from the cytoplasm. after processing by signal peptidase, they are degraded in the membrane and cytoplasm. the resulting fragments can have signaling functions. these observations suggest important roles for signal peptide peptidases. the present studies show that the gram-positive eubacterium bacillus subtilis contains two genes for proteins, denoted sppa and tepa, with similarity to the signal peptide peptidase a of escherichia coli. nota ... | 1999 | 10455123 |
| purification, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of thermus thermophilus v(1)-atpase b subunit. | the gene of v(1)-atpase b subunit from the thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus has been cloned and the protein overproduced in escherichia coli. the purified protein, with a molecular weight of 53.2 kda, was crystallized from 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 1000, 120 mm magnesium chloride, and 100 mm na-tricine, ph 8.0, by the vapor diffusion method. the crystals diffracted x-rays beyond 3.5 a on a synchrotron radiation source. the crystals belong to the monoclinic space group c2, with u ... | 1999 | 10479621 |
| development and validation of an automated, microscopy-based method for enumeration of groups of intestinal bacteria. | an automated microscopy-based method using fluorescently labelled 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes directed against the predominant groups of intestinal bacteria was developed and validated. the method makes use of the leica 600hr image analysis system, a kodak megaplus camera model 1.4 and a servo-controlled leica dm/rxa ultra-violet microscope. software for automated image acquisition and analysis was developed and tested. the performance of the method was validated using a set of four ... | 1999 | 10480265 |
| comparison of five methods for finding conserved sequences in multiple alignments of gene regulatory regions. | conserved segments in dna or protein sequences are strong candidates for functional elements and thus appropriate methods for computing them need to be developed and compared. we describe five methods and computer programs for finding highly conserved blocks within previously computed multiple alignments, primarily for dna sequences. two of the methods are already in common use; these are based on good column agreement and high information content. three additional methods find blocks with minim ... | 1999 | 10481030 |
| novel properties of the thermus thermophilus ruvb protein, which promotes branch migration of holliday junctions. | branch migration of holliday junctions, which are central dna intermediates in homologous recombination, is promoted by the ruva-ruvb protein complex, and the junctions are resolved by the action of the ruvc protein in escherichia coli. we report here the cloning of the ruvb gene from a thermophilic eubacterium, thermus thermophilus hb8 (tth), and the biochemical characterization of the gene product expressed in e. coli. the tth ruvb gene could not complement the uv sensitivity of an e. coli ruv ... | 1999 | 10485292 |
| the root of the tree of life in the light of the covarion model. | a few duplicated genes have been found useful to root the universal tree of life. despite controversial results, the consensus led to locate the root in the eubacterial branch. however, we demonstrated (philippe and forterre 1999) that all these markers were in fact unsuitable for any firm conclusion, mainly because of their high level of mutational saturation, which masks a major part of the phylogenetic signal. but then, the very persistence of signal for events as early as the separation of t ... | 1999 | 10486007 |
| the rooting of the universal tree of life is not reliable. | several composite universal trees connected by an ancestral gene duplication have been used to root the universal tree of life. in all cases, this root turned out to be in the eubacterial branch. however, the validity of results obtained from comparative sequence analysis has recently been questioned, in particular, in the case of ancient phylogenies. for example, it has been shown that several eukaryotic groups are misplaced in ribosomal rna or elongation factor trees because of unequal rates o ... | 1999 | 10486008 |
| selenium-containing xanthine dehydrogenase from eubacterium barkeri. | a specific dehydrogenase, different from nicotinic acid hydroxylase, was induced during growth of eubacterium barkeri on xanthine. the protein designated as xanthine dehydrogenase was enriched 39-fold to apparent homogeneity using a three-step purification scheme. it exhibited an nadp-dependent specific activity of 164 micromol xanthine oxidized per min and per mg of protein. in addition it showed an nadph-dependent oxidase and diaphorase activity. a molecular mass of 530 kda was determined for ... | 1999 | 10491134 |
| homology modeling and active-site residues probing of the thermophilic alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius esterase 2. | the moderate thermophilic eubacterium alicyclobacillus (formerly bacillus) acidocaldarius expresses a thermostable carboxylesterase (esterase 2) belonging to the hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl)-like group of the esterase/lipase family. based on secondary structures predictions and a secondary structure-driven multiple sequence alignment with remote homologous protein of known three-dimensional (3d) structure, we previously hypothesized for this enzyme the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold typical of seve ... | 1999 | 10493580 |
| characterization of a tetrameric inositol monophosphatase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima. | inositol monophosphatase (i-1-pase) catalyzes the dephosphorylation step in the de novo biosynthetic pathway of inositol and is crucial for all inositol-dependent processes. an extremely heat-stable tetrameric form of i-1-pase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima was overexpressed in escherichia coli. in addition to its different quaternary structure (all other known i-1-pases are dimers), this enzyme displayed a 20-fold higher rate of hydrolysis of d-inositol 1-phosphate tha ... | 1999 | 10508089 |
| multiple chromosomes in bacteria. the yin and yang of trp gene localization in rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. | the existence of multiple chromosomes in bacteria has been known for some time. yet the extent of functional solidarity between different chromosomes remains unknown. to examine this question, we have surveyed the well-described genes of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in the multichromosomal photosynthetic eubacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. the genome of this organism was mutagenized using tn5, and strains that were auxotrophic for tryptophan (trp(-)) were isolated. pulsed-field gel ... | 1999 | 10511537 |
| cloning, sequence analysis and overexpression of a rhodothermus marinus gene encoding a thermostable thymidine kinase. | thymidine kinase type ii is an important part of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. the thymidine kinase gene from the thermophilic eubacterium rhodothermus marinus was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed. the gene is 639 bp and encodes a protein of 213 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 23.6 kda. it shows homology to other thymidine kinase proteins from eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. the recombinant protein is inhibited by dntps but not by dndps. it is a tetramer in its native ... | 1999 | 10518731 |
| the hu protein from thermotoga maritima: recombinant expression, purification and physicochemical characterization of an extremely hyperthermophilic dna-binding protein. | the histone-like protein tmhu from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium thermotoga maritima was cloned, expressed to high levels in escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity by heat precipitation and cation exchange chromatography. cd spectroscopical studies with secondary structure analysis as well as comparative modeling demonstrate that the dimeric tmhu has a tertiary structure similar to other homologous hu proteins. the tm of the protein was determined to be 96 degrees c, and thermal unfol ... | 1999 | 10518949 |
| similarity relations of dna and rna polymerases investigated by the principal component analysis of amino acid sequences. | the principal component analysis based on the physicochemical properties of amino acid residues is applied to dna and rna polymerases to assign the sequence motifs for the polymerization activities of these proteins. after the reconfirmation of the sequence motifs of families a and b of dna polymerases indicated previously, it elucidates the sequence motifs for the polymerization activity of dna polymerase iii (family c) by the similarity to the polymerization center of multimeric dna dependent ... | 1999 | 10525143 |
| human cytokine responses induced by gram-positive cell walls of normal intestinal microbiota. | the normal microbiota plays an important role in the health of the host, but little is known of how the human immune system recognizes and responds to gram-positive indigenous bacteria. we have investigated cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to gram-positive cell walls (cw) derived from four common intestinal indigenous bacteria, eubacterium aerofaciens (eu.a. ), eubacterium limosum (eu.l.), lactobacillus casei (l.c.), and lactobacillus fermentum (l.f.). our results ... | 1999 | 10540188 |
| direct analysis of genes encoding 16s rrna from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut. | the human intestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. although this microbiota has been studied in great detail by culture techniques, microscopic counts on human feces suggest that 60 to 80% of the observable bacteria cannot be cultivated. using comparative analysis of cloned 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences, we have investigated the bacterial diversity (both cultivated and noncultivated bacteria) within an adult-male fecal sample. the 28 ... | 1999 | 10543789 |
| in vitro utilization of amylopectin and high-amylose maize (amylomaize) starch granules by human colonic bacteria. | it has been well established that a certain amount of ingested starch can escape digestion in the human small intestine and consequently enters the large intestine, where it may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation. thirty-eight types of human colonic bacteria were screened for their capacity to utilize soluble starch, gelatinized amylopectin maize starch, and high-amylose maize starch granules by measuring the clear zones on starch agar plates. the six cultures which produced cle ... | 1999 | 10543795 |
| are infectious agents involved in primary biliary cirrhosis? a pcr approach. | a variety of data suggest that microbial infections and, in particular, atypical mycobacteria infections, may either initiate and/or be associated with the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. | 1999 | 10551390 |
| characterization of a new xylanolytic bacterium, clostridium xylanovorans sp. nov. | a new xylanolytic bacterium designated strain hesp1t (t = type strain) was isolated from a methanogenic digester. strain hesp1t was a motile, rod shaped, spore-forming bacterium, which possessed a gram-positive type cell wall. glucose, fructose, lactose, trehalose, maltose, raffinose, sucrose, xylan, mannitol, cellobiose, galactose, mannose, melibiose, ribose were fermented to produce, acetate, butyrate, h2, co2, formate, isobutyrate, and ethanol. fumarate was fermented to acetate. glycerol and ... | 1999 | 10553289 |
| absence of cecal secondary bile acids in gnotobiotic mice associated with two human intestinal bacteria with the ability to dehydroxylate bile acids in vitro. | germ-free mice were orally inoculated with human intestinal 7alpha-dehydroxylating bacterial strains to evaluate their ability to transform bile acids in vivo. three weeks after inoculation of the bacteria, cecal bile acids were examined. among free-form bile acids, only beta-muricholic acid was detected in the cecal contents of gnotobiotic mice associated with bacteroides distasonis strain k-5. no secondary bile acid was observed in the cecal contents of any of the gnotobiotic mice associated w ... | 1999 | 10553682 |
| phylogenetic analysis of fusobacterium alocis and fusobacterium sulci based on 16s rrna gene sequences: proposal of filifactor alocis (cato, moore and moore) comb. nov. and eubacterium sulci (cato, moore and moore) comb. nov. | genes encoding the 16s rrna of fusobacterium alocis atcc 35896t and fusobacterium sulci atcc 35585t were sequenced. these sequences did not have any affinity with the 16s rrna gene sequences of members of the genus fusobacterium. fusobacterium alocis atcc 35896t and fusobacterium sulci atcc 35585t belonged to clostridium cluster xi; the species most closely related to these strains were filifactor villosus nctc 11220t and eubacterium infirmum w1471, respectively. two new combinations are propose ... | 1999 | 10555315 |
| phylogenetic evidence for the transfer of eubacterium lentum to the genus eggerthella as eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov. | eubacterium lentum has unique phenotypic characters within the genus eubacterium. the 16s rrna sequence of eubacterium lentum was determined and its phylogenetic position was defined. this micro-organism is a member of the genus eubacterium but it is not closely related to eubacterium limosum, the type species of the genus eubacterium, and is nearer to collinsella aerofaciens and coriobacterium glomerans. a pcr-based identification system using species-specific primers designed on the basis of d ... | 1999 | 10555354 |
| sporobacterium olearium gen. nov., sp. nov., a new methanethiol-producing bacterium that degrades aromatic compounds, isolated from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. | a strictly chemo-organotrophic, anaerobic bacterium was isolated from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester on syringate and designated strain sr1t. the cells were slightly curved rods, stained gram-positive and possessed terminal spores. strain sr1t utilized crotonate, methanol and a wide range of aromatic compounds including 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (tmb), 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (tmc), syringate, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetate (tmpa), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylpropionate (tmpp), ferulate, ... | 1999 | 10555356 |
| eubacterium minutum is an earlier synonym of eubacterium tardum and has priority. | the recently proposed species eubacterium minutum and eubacterium tardum appeared to be similar from their published descriptions. the aim of this study was to perform phenotypic and genetic analyses of strains of both species to clarify their taxonomic position. the type strains of e. minutum and e. tardum exhibited identical biochemical and protein profiles and their 16s rrna gene sequences displayed 99.9% similarity. the g + c content of the dna of both strains was estimated at 45 mol%. it is ... | 1999 | 10555379 |
| thermally triggered metal binding by recombinant thermus thermophilus manganese superoxide dismutase, expressed as the apo-enzyme. | manganese superoxide dismutase from the extremely thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus has been cloned and expressed at high levels in a mesophilic host (escherichia coli) as a soluble tetrameric protein mainly present as the metal-free apo-enzyme. incubation of the purified apo-enzyme with manganese salts at ambient temperature did not restore superoxide dismutase activity, but reactivation could be achieved by heating the protein with mn(ii) at higher temperatures, approaching the phy ... | 1999 | 10574944 |
| molecular analysis of the microbial diversity present in the colonic wall, colonic lumen, and cecal lumen of a pig. | random clones of 16s ribosomal dna gene sequences were isolated after pcr amplification with eubacterial primers from total genomic dna recovered from samples of the colonic lumen, colonic wall, and cecal lumen from a pig. sequences were also obtained for cultures isolated anaerobically from the same colonic-wall sample. phylogenetic analysis showed that many sequences were related to those of lactobacillus or streptococcus spp. or fell into clusters ix, xiva, and xi of gram-positive bacteria. i ... | 1999 | 10583991 |
| molecular cloning of the arylsulfate sulfotransferase gene and characterization of its product from enterobacter amnigenus ar-37. | the gene encoding the enterobacter amnigenus ar-37 arylsulfate sulfotransferase (asst) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli nm522. sequencing led to the identification of three contiguous open reading frames (orfs) on the same strand. based on amino acid sequence homology, orf1, orf2, and orf3 are designated asta, dsba, and dsbb, respectively. a multiple sequence alignment revealed conserved regions in asst. an n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified asst from ... | 1999 | 10600454 |
| various functions of selenols and thiols in anaerobic gram-positive, amino acids-utilizing bacteria. | electron transfer reactions for the reduction of glycine in eubacterium acidaminophilum involve many selenocysteine (u)- and thiol-containing proteins, as shown by biochemical and molecular analysis. these include an unusual thioredoxin system (-cxxc-), protein a (-cxxu-) and the substrate-specific protein b of glycine reductase (-uxxcxxc-). most probably a selenoether is formed at protein b by splitting the c-n-bond after binding of the substrate. the carboxymethyl group is then transferred to ... | 1999 | 10609892 |
| quantification of different eubacterium spp. in human fecal samples with species-specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. | species-specific 16s rrna-targeted, cy3 (indocarbocyanine)-labeled oligonucleotide probes were designed and validated to quantify different eubacterium species in human fecal samples. probes were directed at eubacterium barkeri, e. biforme, e. contortum, e. cylindroides (two probes), e. dolichum, e. hadrum, e. lentum, e. limosum, e. moniliforme, and e. ventriosum. the specificity of the probes was tested with the type strains and a range of common intestinal bacteria. with one exception, none of ... | 2000 | 10618251 |
| sequence analysis and modular organization of threonyl-trna synthetase from thermus thermophilus and its interrelation with threonyl-trna synthetases of other origins. | the gene encoding threonyl-trna synthetase (thr-trna synthetase) from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium thermus thermophilus hb8 has been cloned and sequenced. the orf encodes a polypeptide chain of 659 amino acids (mr 75 550) that shares strong similarities with other thr-trna synthetases. comparative analysis with the three-dimensional structure of other subclass iia synthetases shows it to be organized into four structural modules: two n-terminal modules specific to thr-trna synthetases, a ... | 2000 | 10632708 |
| nmr solution structure of a novel thioredoxin from bacillus acidocaldarius possible determinants of protein stability. | the thioredoxin (trx) from bacillus acidocaldarius (bactrx), an eubacterium growing optimally at 333 k, is the first trx described to date from a moderate thermophilic source. to understand the molecular basis of its thermostability, the three-dimensional structure in the oxidized form was determined by nmr methods. a total of 2276 1h-nmr derived distance constraints along with 23 hydrogen-bonds, 72 phi and 27 chi1 torsion angle restraints, were used in a protocol employing simulated annealing f ... | 2000 | 10632710 |