| optically detected triplet-state magnetic resonance studies of the dna complexes of the bisquinoline analogue of echinomycin. | the polymeric dna and model duplex oligonucleotide complexes of the bisquinoline analogue of echinomycin (2qn) have been studied by optical detection of triplet-state magnetic resonance (odmr) spectroscopy, with the quinoline chromophores of the drug used as intrinsic probes. plots of odmr transition frequencies versus monitored wavelength revealed heterogeneity in the phosphorescence emission of 2qn which was ascribed to the presence of a major and minor conformation of the drug in aqueous solu ... | 1991 | 1911753 |
| symposium on microbiology update: old friends and new enemies. clostridium perfringens. | in the united states and canada, clostridium perfringens remains a leading cause of bacterial food poisoning in humans. it has been primarily associated with meat and poultry products prepared in food service establishments. fecal spore levels of 10(6) or more per g are considered indicative of a food poisoning outbreak. however, elevated spore levels of this organism are frequently seen in healthy elderly individuals, an observation that complicates investigations of suspected outbreaks. recent ... | 1991 | 1917822 |
| lectin-binding properties of the surfaces of in vitro-transformed schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei sporocysts. | as carbohydrates on the surfaces of sporocysts of digenetic trematodes may be targets of attack by the molluscan internal defense system, the lectin-binding patterns of living, in vitro-transformed sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei were characterized. schistosoma mansoni sporocysts specifically bound 8 and e. paraensei 6 of 11 lectins examined. sporocysts of the 2 species responded differently to 7 of the 11 lectins. lectins inhibitable by mannose, galactose, and n-acet ... | 1991 | 1919922 |
| characterization of two bacteriocins produced by clostridium perfringens. | two types of bacteriocins were shown to be produced in succession by a strain of clostridium perfringens sn-17. they were separated by diethylaminoethyl cellulose (deae) column chromatography at ph 8.5 with a linear concentration gradient of nacl. one type of bacteriocin (named sn-a) was eluted at 0.07 m and the other type (named sn-b) was at 0.12 m. each of these was partially purified in a series of column chromatographies: deae, sephadex g-200 (or bio gel p-150), and hydroxyapatite. specific ... | 1991 | 1921758 |
| effect of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on contraction of isolated guinea-pig diaphragm. | the effect of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on contraction induced by electric stimulation of isolated guinea-pig diaphragm was investigated. the toxin inhibited electrically stimulated contraction of the tissue in a dose- and incubation time-dependent manner. tetrodotoxin resulted in no effect of the action of the toxin. nifedipine dose-dependently delayed the action of the toxin, but verapamil and diltiazem did not. on the other hand, treatment of the toxin with n-acetylimidazole caused ... | 1991 | 1921763 |
| adherence of helicobacter pylori to gastric carcinoma cells: analysis by flow cytometry. | an in vitro assay using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry for quantitative assessment of the adherence of helicobacter pylori to cultured human gastric carcinoma (kato iii) cells was developed. adherence was rapid, saturable, energy dependent, mannose resistant, and significantly inhibited by fetuin, a glycoprotein containing n-acetylneuraminyllactose. pretreatment of kato cells with neuraminidase from clostridium perfringens, however, did not reduce adherence of h. pylori. ultrastructurally ... | 1991 | 1925306 |
| pathodynamics of intoxication in rats and mice by enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens type a. | the pathodynamics of lethal intoxication in rats and mice by i.v. administration of enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens type a was studied using whole animals and isolated organs. a lethal i.v. dose (50 micrograms/kg) of enterotoxin killed anesthetized rats and mice within 4-15 min. rapid changes of ecg pattern suggestive of hyperpotassemia, rapid fall of blood pressure and transient hyperpnea followed by respiratory depression were observed. analysis of plasma levels of cations revealed hype ... | 1991 | 1926176 |
| chymotrypsin treatment increases the activity of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | chymotrypsin treatment of the enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens results in the loss of 36 amino acids from the n-terminus and 3 amino acids from the c-terminus. this processing results in a 3.2 fold increase in activity on vero cells, which is close to what had been found for trypsin treatment following the loss of 25 amino acids from the n-terminus. | 1991 | 1926189 |
| effect of intraperitoneal administration of oxygen on the course of experimentally induced peritonitis. | over the first 3 days of experimentally induced peritonitis, 40 rabbits were given oxygen intraperitoneally (ip) up to a pressure of 3 to 5 mm hg in the peritoneal cavity at 12-hour intervals. compared with a control group, significant differences were recorded in the mortality rate within the studied 7-day period of peritonitis (p less than 0.05). in 29 rabbits with intraperitoneal administration of oxygen, the size of the area that formed the inner wall of the abscess cavity was significantly ... | 1991 | 1928583 |
| nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus. | the nucleotide sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and its regulatory region, encoded by the plasmid pscs7 from staphylococcus aureus, was determined. the structural cat gene encoded a protein of 209 amino acids, which represented one monomer of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). comparisons between the amino acid sequences of the pscs7-encoded cat from s. aureus and the previously sequenced cat variants from s. aureus, staphylococcus intermedius, staphy ... | 1991 | 1929326 |
| successful prophylaxis of clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis. | | 1991 | 1929949 |
| septic arthritis due to clostridium welchii. | | 1991 | 1937740 |
| phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens stimulates formation and release of platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407). | this study demonstrates the ability of phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens to stimulate the generation of platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407). cells were exposed to phospholipase c for up to 60 min, and the content of paf-acether within the cells and in the extracellular medium was determined. phospholipase c caused a time-dependent formation of paf-acether within the cells and also release of paf-acether to the medium. in contrast, ... | 1991 | 1947765 |
| clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxaemia in pigs: a report of five cases. | enterotoxaemia caused by clostridium perfringens type a in five intensively managed pigs is reported. the condition was precipitated by constipative digestive disturbance. diarrhoea was not observed in the five animals before death. | 1991 | 1959021 |
| comparative efficacy of cefoperazone, cefoperazone plus sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and penicillin g against anaerobic bacteria in an animal model. | treatment efficacy of various antimicrobial regimens against anaerobes was studied in semipermeable chambers simulating a closed-space, locally neutropenic infection site in rabbits. bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides melaninogenicus, clostridium perfringens, and peptostreptococcus anaerobius were inoculated (at a mean of 5.3 log10 cfu/ml in prereduced pooled rabbit serum) into the chambers (one isolate per chamber) in triplicate. antimicrobial therapy consisted of cefoperazone, cefoperazone plus ... | 1990 | 1967626 |
| impact of active immunisation against enteritis necroticans in papua new guinea. | enteritis necroticans, known locally as pigbel, has been a major cause of illness and death among children in the highlands of papua new guinea. after a successful trial of active immunisation against the beta toxin of the causative organism, clostridium perfringens type c, immunisation of children was begun in 1980. the effects of the immunisation programme on pigbel admissions in 3 of the 5 major highland hospitals were assessed. in each of the centres studied the proportion of admissions due ... | 1990 | 1978034 |
| resistance to human serum of gonococci in urethral exudates is reduced by neuraminidase. | gonococci examined directly from urethral exudates are resistant to killing by human serum, but most strains become susceptible on subculture. previous work with gonococci grown in vitro indicates that resistance in vivo is due to sialylation of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (lps) by a host factor, cytidine 5'-monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid (cmp-nana) or a related compound present in urogenital secretions and blood cells including phagocytes, which exude during inflammation. this sialylatio ... | 1990 | 1978333 |
| [clostridium perfringens infection following intramedullary nailing of an open femur shaft fracture]. | in a 47-year old patient, clostridial bacteraemia and local gas gangrene developed following osteosynthesis of a penetrating femoral fracture by a medullary nail. the operation had been performed in a post-injury interval of 14 days. the first clinical symptoms did not appear until 6 days after surgery. operative treatment by large local incisions, debridement and drainage with the medullary nail left in situ accompanied by administration of penicillin g resulted in recovery. in the case present ... | 1990 | 1978973 |
| an upstream regulatory sequence stimulates expression of the perfringolysin o gene of clostridium perfringens. | the structural gene for perfringolysin o (pfoa), a thiol-activated hemolysin of clostridium perfringens, was cloned into escherichia coli jm109 on a 4.6-kilobase (kb) ecori-ndei fragment which contained the 1.7-kb pfoa gene and an upstream 2.9-kb region. an e. coli strain transformed by this plasmid produced 20-fold more perfringolysin o than a strain containing only the 1.7-kb pfoa gene. the stimulatory effect of the upstream region on in vivo expression of the pfoa gene was further analyzed by ... | 1991 | 1987025 |
| emphysematous gastritis in a horse. | a 12-year-old morgan gelding was examined for colic of 3 days duration. signs of depression, colic, diarrhea, and endotoxemia persisted despite aggressive medical therapy and surgical exploration. culture results from gastric fluid and feces yielded many colonies of clostridium perfringens. this organism also was recovered from peritoneal fluid 10 days after admission; consequently, the horse was euthanized. at necropsy, a localized gas-filled, necrotic stomach wall was found; many mucosal and s ... | 1991 | 1993393 |
| clostridial bacteremia in cancer patients. a 12-year experience. | over 12 years, 136 episodes of bacteremia caused by clostridial species were documented. eighty-three were monomicrobial, and 53 were polymicrobial. gastrointestinal, genitourinary carcinomas, and acute leukemia were the most common underlying malignancies. septic shock occurred in 29% of monomicrobial bacteremias and 45% of polymicrobial bacteremias and was associated with a high mortality rate. acute hemolysis, gas gangrene, and diffuse spreading cellulitis occurred infrequently but were assoc ... | 1991 | 2004306 |
| clostridium perfringens or klebsiella pneumoniae as the cause of a food-borne outbreak. | | 1991 | 2007653 |
| a recombinant c-terminal toxin fragment provides evidence that membrane insertion is important for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin cytotoxicity. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is believed to be involved in several important gastrointestinal illnesses. recent studies have identified a number of distinct molecular events which occur after cpe treatment of eukaryotic cells or isolated membranes. additional studies are underway to determine the temporal order and intrinsic importance of each cpe event for cytotoxicity. we now demonstrate that a truncated cpe fragment binds to membranes, but is unable to insert into membranes or ca ... | 1991 | 2014001 |
| base- and sequence-dependent binding of aristololactam beta-d-glucoside to deoxyribonucleic acid. | the dependence on base-pair composition and sequence specificity of the (aristololactam beta-d-glucoside)-dna interaction was examined by spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, spectropolarimetric, thermal melting, thermodynamic, and viscometric studies. binding of this alkaloid to various natural and synthetic dnas was dependent upon the base composition and sequences of dna. the binding parameters obtained from spectrophotometric analysis, according to an excluded-site model, indicated a rel ... | 1991 | 2015227 |
| kinetic aspects of the aggregation of clostridium perfringens theta-toxin on erythrocyte membranes. a fluorescence energy transfer study. | fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to monitor aggregation kinetics of the "thiol-activated" cytolysin (perfringolysin o (pfo) or theta-toxin) of clostridium perfringens on erythrocyte membranes. pfo was labeled with the isothiocyanate derivatives of either fluorescein or tetramethylrhodamine. no detectable change in the hemolytic activity of pfo was detected after modification with either fluorophore at a ratio of 1:2 fluorophore molecules/cytolysin molecule. fluorescence energy tra ... | 1991 | 2016307 |
| clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis. | | 1991 | 2021184 |
| purification and characterization of intracellular proteases of clostridium perfringens type a. | five intracellular proteases from sporulating cells of clostridium perfringens type a were identified and three could be separated by deae-sephacel. two, i-a and i-b, had caseinolytic activity and one, i-c, was only active on n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. i-a and i-b could each be further separated by sephacryl s-300 into i-a-1 and i-a-2 and i-b-1 and i-b-2, respectively. i-a-1, a chymotrypsin-like enzyme, was the major intracellular protease, constituting 74% of the intracellular casein ... | 1991 | 2021897 |
| application of sialidase antibodies for the diagnosis of clostridial infections. | two immunological methods, a sialidase-inhibition test and an elisa, had been developed for a species-specific detection of sialidases (ec 3.2.1.18) secreted by growing cells of clostridium perfringens, c. septicum, and c. sordellii. these assays were applied to samples from the infected tissues and cotton wool plugs soaked with wound exudate from patients suspected to be suffering from gas gangrene. the results from 72 patients were compared with bacteriological investigations of 67 homologous ... | 1991 | 2029788 |
| [detection of clostridium perfringens in mixed infection patient samples using a modified reverse camp test]. | clostridium perfringes type a is the most common morbifying agent responsible for gas gangrene. for definitive bacteriological diagnosis the germ has to be isolated from contaminants. suppression of contaminating germs by means of a selective rapid culture technique is also useful, but technical more expensive. the modification of the reverse camp-test demonstrated in this paper has the superiority of technical simplicity and is highly sensitive, too. by this method, clostridia are isolated simu ... | 1991 | 2031390 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of three genes coding for small, acid-soluble proteins of clostridium perfringens spores. | three genes coding for alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) have been cloned from clostridium perfringens and their nucleotide sequence determined. the proteins coded for contain 15 and 21 residues identical to those in bacillus and c. bifermentans alpha/beta-type sasp, respectively, as well as many homologous residues. however, the c. perfringens sasp exhibit significant sequence divergence from bacillus and c. bifermentans sasp. these genes may be useful in taxonomic studi ... | 1991 | 2037223 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e-4497, a new 3-amine-3-methyl-azetidinyl tricyclic fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new tricyclic fluoroquinolone, e-4497 [s(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(3-amine-3-methyl-azetidin-1-yl)-7-oxo- 2,3-dihydro- 7h-pyrido-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid], were evaluated in comparison with those of dr-3355 [s-(-)-ofloxacin], norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. e-4497 was more potent than norfloxacin and as potent as or more potent than dr-3355 and ciprofloxacin against staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., and enterococcus ... | 1991 | 2039195 |
| relationship between the clostridium perfringens catq gene product and chloramphenicol acetyltransferases from other bacteria. | the nucleotide sequence of the clostridium perfringens chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat)-encoding resistance determinant, catq, was determined. an open reading frame encoding a protein of 219 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,014 was identified. although catq was expressed constitutively, sequences similar in structure to those found upstream of inducible cat genes were observed. the catq gene was distinct from the c. perfringens catp determinant. the deduced catq monomer had consi ... | 1991 | 2039197 |
| distribution of labeled clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in mice. | the in vivo distribution of labeled clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin after i.v. administration to mice was investigated. high amounts of radioactivity were found in the kidneys and the brain, and small amounts were in the heart, lungs, liver and stomach. on the other hand, the prior administration of epsilon prototoxin resulted in significant inhibition of the uptake of the radioactivity in the brain, but no effect in the other organs tested. the labeled prototoxin or toxin was dose-depende ... | 1991 | 2048139 |
| evidence that clostridium perfringens theta-toxin induces colloid-osmotic lysis of erythrocytes. | clostridium perfringens theta-toxin was shown to lyse target erythrocytes by a colloid-osmotic mechanism. analysis showed the onset of lysis of erythrocytes by theta-toxin could be temporarily stabilized with 0.3 m sucrose. flow cytometry analysis of the size distribution of theta-toxin-treated erythrocytes showed swelling of the erythrocytes prior to lysis. | 1991 | 2050414 |
| isolation of a tryptic fragment from clostridium perfringens theta-toxin that contains sites for membrane binding and self-aggregation. | trypsin cleaves clostridium perfringens theta-toxin (perfringolysin o or pfo) at a single site between residues 303 and 304 (ohno-iwashita, y., iwamoto, m., mitsui, k., kawasaki, h., and ando, s. (1986) biochemistry 25, 6048-6053; tweten, r. k. (1988b) infect. immun. 56, 3228-3234) and yields an amino-terminal fragment of 30,208 da (t1) and a carboxyl-terminal fragment of 22,268 da (t2). both peptides were purified by reverse phase chromatography of trypsin-nicked pfo. neither peptide retained h ... | 1991 | 2061320 |
| pig-bel but no pig: enteritis necroticans acquired in australia. | to report a case of enteritis necroticans acquired in australia, and to review the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management and prevention of this disease. | 1991 | 2067439 |
| the pigbel story of papua new guinea. | enteritis necroticans (en), known as pigbel in papua new guinea (png), may be the important predisposing lesion to mid-gut volvulus, jejunal and ileal ileus and other forms of small bowel strangulation in communities where protein deprivation, poor food hygiene, epochal meat feasting and staple diets containing trypsin inhibitors co-exist. such human habitats occur in africa, central and south america, western pacific, asian and south-east asian cultures. isolated outbreaks of necrotizing enteri ... | 1991 | 2068739 |
| sonographic demonstration of septicaemia with gas-forming organisms after liver transplantation. | sepsis with gas-forming organisms, e.g. clostridium perfringens and anaerobic streptococci occurred in three of 120 liver-transplant recipients (2.5%). the diagnosis was made in all three patients by bedside ultrasound, before blood cultures revealed bacterial growth. floating high amplitude echoes within the extra- and intrahepatic portal veins and persistent small high amplitude echoes in the non-dependent portion of the liver are indicative of portal venous gas and should prompt further labor ... | 1991 | 2070580 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefodizime: a review. | for enterobacteriaceae, mic50s and mic90s of cefodizime (mg/l), respectively, were as follows, for naturally non-beta-lactamase-producing species: escherichia coli 0.12 and 0.5, salmonella spp. and shigella spp. 0.25 and 0.5, proteus mirabilis 0.016 and 0.03; for chromosomal penicillinase-producing species. klebsiella spp. 0.25 and 64, and for chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species. enterobacter cloacae 1 and 64, citrobacter freundii 1 and 128, serratia marcescens 2 and 8: indole-positiv ... | 1990 | 2074248 |
| apparition of clostridium sp. and bacteroides in the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarian section. | anaerobic flora plays a key role in preventing intestinal colonization with potential pathogens. nowadays, the mechanisms involved in the colonization resistance provided by the anaerobic microflora are to be clarified. numerous factors seem to intervene in the regulation of the intestinal flora. the purpose of the present study was to correlate the presence or relative absence of clostridium sp. and bacteroides with the colonization by c. perfringens, which is involved in lethal infections in a ... | 1990 | 2076608 |
| characterization of the adp-ribosylation of actin by clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin belong to a novel family of actin adp-ribosylating toxins. adp-ribosylation of actin inhibits actin polymerization and g-actin-associated atpase activity. the adp-form of actin is adp-ribosylated at a higher rate than actin with bound atp. adp-ribosylation of actin is reversible, a reaction, which is accompanied by reconstitution of actin atpase activity. | 1990 | 2079662 |
| plasmid copy number and stability determination in clostridium perfringens transformants. | the copy number of the streptococcal plasmid pam beta 1 (26.5 kb), and its deletion derivatives, pva1 (11 kb) and pva677 (7.6 kb) contained in clostridium perfringens 3624a transformants was determined by incorporation of [methyl-3h]thymidine (4 muci/ml) into chromosomal and plasmid dna and sizing of the c. perfringens genome using transverse alternating field electrophoresis. plasmids pam beta 1, pva1, and pva677 were found to be present at 1.0, 97, and 216 copies/cell, respectively. 10.2, 54, ... | 1990 | 2083843 |
| [pulmonary thromboembolism and clostridium perfringens empyema as the onset of a pancreatic neoplasm]. | | 1990 | 2084410 |
| isolation of clostridium perfringens from foals. | clostridium perfingens was isolated from four of 29 healthy foals and from all twelve foals with gastrointestinal diseases. the range of viable counts of c. perfringens in the faeces was 10(1)-10(5)/g and in the intestinal specimens 10(1)-10(7)/g. of 41 isolates of c. perfringens, 37 were considered to be type a. enterotoxin of the organism was demonstrated in the intestinal contents of five of eight foals with enteric diseases. these findings suggested that c. perfringens is a likely pathogen o ... | 1990 | 2084493 |
| [value of microbiologic studies for diagnosis of post-enteritis reactive arthritis]. | reactive arthritis may develop within a period of some days until upto 3 weeks after infections with yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, campylobacter jejuni/coli, shigella and salmonella. intestinal infections with klebsiella pneumoniae, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, cryptosporidium, strongyloides stercoralis, taenia saginata and schistosoma mansoni are, in some cases, considered to be responsible for reactive arthritis. detection of pathogenic bacteria in fe ... | 1990 | 2085058 |
| phase-transfer-catalyzed synthesis of a phenylseleno alpha-ketoside of n-acetylneuraminic acid, (phenyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-d-glycero-alpha-d-galacto-2- selenononulopyranosid)onic acid; a new sialidase inhibitor. | | 1990 | 2085812 |
| laboratory findings associated with abomasal ulcers/tympany in range calves. | the etiology of abomasal ulcers/tympany was investigated in 48 animals from 36 ranches in wyoming and nebraska. results indicate that subclinical trace mineral deficiencies of copper and/or selenium exist in the range cattle in west central nebraska and wyoming. etiological agents most frequently incriminated by bacteriologic cultures and/or histopathic examination were clostridium perfringens and campylobacter species. histopathologic evaluation of abomasums revealed 31 of 38 cases contained ab ... | 1990 | 2094446 |
| [postoperative vascular infections. a pathognomonic x-ray computed tomographic sign]. | the potential gravity of post-operative vascular infection makes early diagnosis essential. we report a case where this diagnosis was made on ct findings alone, in the absence of any other signs of infection. rapid intervention led to complete cure. beyond the immediate post-operative period, the presence of gas on the ct scan is rare but pathognomonic in the absence of a cutaneous fistula. the presence of this sign is therefore sufficient to indicate that reintervention is mandatory. | 1990 | 2099943 |
| isolation of theta-toxin fragments and characterization of its effect on toxin-induced hemolysis. | | 1990 | 2101156 |
| management of acute diarrhoea. | before 1970, laboratory staff could not only identify the causative organism of acute diarrhea in 20% of cases, but in 1990, they could identify it in 80% of cases. these organisms are either bacteria, virus, or parasites. the bacteria include enterotoxigenic bacteria (vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus) and enteroinvasive bacteria (campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and salmonella and shigella species). the leading cause of death ... | 1990 | 2101385 |
| bacteriological quality of on-farm manufactured goat cheese. | the bacteriological quality of 198 ripened soft or semi-soft goat cheeses obtained from dairy farms and the retail trade was investigated. the cheeses were examined for total counts of aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria (37 and 44 degrees c respectively), enterococci, coagulase positive staphylococci, bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens. cheeses obtained from dairy-farms were also determined for ph value. in terms of all tests performed, cheeses made of heat-treated milk with starter cu ... | 1990 | 2106443 |
| crisis in our hospital kitchens: ancillary staffing levels during an outbreak of food poisoning in a long stay hospital. | an investigation into an outbreak of food poisoning caused by clostridium perfringens showed evidence of poor food handling by catering staff. the reasons behind this were explored by interviewing catering staff, analysing shifts and rotas, and looking at staff vacancies. morale was low because of staff shortages resulting from a long term recruitment problem. in consequence staff were working double shifts and often for weeks on end without a day off. the reasons for the recruitment problem inc ... | 1990 | 2106996 |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and site-directed mutagenesis of the gene from clostridium perfringens encoding pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylase. | the dna encoding pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylase (hisdcase) of clostridium perfringens was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the gene encodes a single polypeptide of 320 amino acids, mr 35,526, demonstrating that clostridial hisdcase, which has an (alpha beta)6 structure, is synthesized as a precursor (prohisdcase, pi 6). no pi subunits of prohisdcase were observed in crude or purified preparations of the cloned hisdcase; they appear to undergo rapid cleavage i ... | 1990 | 2108713 |
| phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens stimulates phospholipase a2-mediated arachidonic acid release in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int 407). | the mechanisms by which phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens stimulates release of arachidonic acid (aa) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (int-407) were investigated. int-407 cells were first allowed to incorporate 14c-labeled aa into their phospholipids; the labeled cells were then exposed to phospholipase c, and the release of free 14c-aa was determined. phospholipase c caused a rapid (3 min) intracellular rise of free 14c-aa, followed by a considerable, dose- and time-dependent ... | 1990 | 2110684 |
| the role of histidine residues in the alpha toxin of clostridium perfringens. | the alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) of clostridium perfringens has been reported to contain catalytically essential zinc ions. we report here that histidine residues are essential for the co-ordination of these ion(s). incubation of alpha toxin with diethylpyrocarbonate, a histidine modifying reagent, did not result in the loss of phospholipase c activity unless the protein was first incubated with edta, suggesting that zinc ions normally protect the susceptible histidine residues. when the amino ... | 1990 | 2111259 |
| proteolysis of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin during purification. | the small satellite bands of enterotoxin frequently seen in polyacrylamide gels following purification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin were found to be due to endogenous protease activity and were not present if phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (pmsf; 1 mm) and edta (10 mm) were used in the purification protocol. the use of pmsf was avoided by passing gel filtration-purified enterotoxin material through deae-sephacel. this modified protocol resulted in an 11.4-fold purification of enterotoxi ... | 1990 | 2111289 |
| acp broadsheet 124: may 1990. examination of faeces for bacterial pathogens. | | 1990 | 2115050 |
| studies of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin action at different temperatures demonstrate a correlation between complex formation and cytotoxicity. | the cytotoxicity of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) was completely blocked in vero cells continuously cpe treated at 4 degrees c. [125i]cpe-specific binding to either vero cells or isolated rabbit intestinal brush border membranes (bbms) was lower at 4 degrees c than at 24 or 37 degrees c, but reduced enterotoxin binding could not totally explain the loss of cytotoxicity at low temperature. insertion of enterotoxin into vero cell membranes or bbms was temperature independent. however, ... | 1990 | 2117579 |
| occlusive dressings. does dressing type influence the growth of common bacterial pathogens? | we studied the effect of different occlusive dressings and of air exposure on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria in wounds. partial-thickness wounds on domestic pigs were inoculated with staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, bacteroides fragilis, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. each wound was covered with three dressings (duoderm, opsite, or vigilon), or left exposed to air. groups of wounds were sampled at 24, 48, and 72 hours. staphylococcus aureus reached high levels beneath all of t ... | 1990 | 2119166 |
| analytical methods for bacillus cereus and other bacillus species. | bacillus cereus can give rise to two distinct forms of foodborne disease, the emetic and the diarrhoeal syndromes. the emetic syndrome is believed to be associated with an emetic toxin pre-formed in food. cooked rice is the most common vehicle, and the symptoms are similar to those of staphylococcus aureus intoxication. the diarrhoeal type is caused by an enterotoxin and the symptoms generally parallel those of the clostridium perfringens food poisoning. the heat resistance of b. cereus spores a ... | 1990 | 2119209 |
| a medium for the isolation, enumeration and rapid presumptive identification of injured clostridium perfringens and bacillus cereus. | a blood-free egg yolk medium (bcp) containing pyruvate, inositol, mannitol and a bromocresol purple indicator in a nutrient agar base has been developed to initiate the growth of clostridium perfringens. it is comparable to blood agar for the growth of normal, chilled stored vegetative cells and heat-injured spores of cl. perfringens and bacillus cereus. it has the advantage over blood agar in exhibiting presumptive evidence of cl. perfringens (production of lecithinase and inositol fermentation ... | 1990 | 2123173 |
| sodium hypophosphite inhibition of the growth of selected gram-positive foodborne pathogenic bacteria. | sodium hypophosphite (shp) was evaluated for inhibition of growth of selected gram-positive foodborne pathogenic bacteria in trypticase soy broth. in addition, the effects of ph and sodium chloride (nacl) alone and in combination with (shp) were also examined. all inhibition studies were performed with optimal or nearly optimal growth conditions for each bacterium. growth was monitored by determining culture optical density at 600 nm, and a time to significant growth determined for each test med ... | 1990 | 2124497 |
| secondary structure of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus. | of the total of 306 amino acids in the sequence of sphingomyelinase (smplc) from bacillus cereus, almost half (150) are expected to be involved in the formation of loop or turn structure, while 65 and 73 residues may participate in the formation of alpha-helix and beta-structure, respectively. the helix content of smplc was calculated to be 0-5%, based on the cd spectra. the addition of divalent metal ions such as mg2+ or both ca2+ and mg2+ had no effect on the cd spectra of smplc, although the ... | 1990 | 2127932 |
| indomethacin induced hepatic alterations in mono-oxygenase system and faecal clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rat. | the administration of indomethacin to rats, at the dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for three days, caused a loss of microsomal cytochrome p-450 and cytochrome b5 in the liver, and a fall in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities (i.e. aminopyrine n-demethylase, nadp cyt. c. reductase). indomethacin also induced intestinal lesions and a significant increase in clostridium perfringens enterotoxin levels in the feces at 24 hours after both the second and third day of treatment. the above findings suggest ... | 1990 | 2128167 |
| new ganglioside analogs that inhibit influenza virus sialidase. | synthetic thioglycoside-analogs of gangliosides such as neu5ac alpha(2-s-6)glc beta(1-1)ceramide (1) and the gm3 analog neu5ac alpha(2-s-6)gal beta(1-4)glc beta(1-1)ceramide (2), competitively inhibited gm3 hydrolysis by the sialidase of different subtypes of human and animal influenza viruses with an apparent ki value of 2.8 x 10(-6) and 1.5 x 10(-5) m, respectively. the inhibitory activity of the ganglioside gm4 analog [neu5ac alpha(2-s-6)gal beta(1-1)ceramide (3)], in which the glucose of 1 w ... | 1990 | 2136350 |
| bacteriological studies of the venom and mouth cavities of wild malayan pit vipers (calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern thailand. | venom and oropharyngeal swabs from freshly captured malayan pit vipers (calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern thailand and captive specimens in england were cultured aerobically and anaerobically to identify the bacterial flora which might contaminate wounds inflicted by bites of this species. the snakes' mouths contained a wider range of organisms than their venoms, especially gut-related gram-negative rods such as enterobacter and pseudomonas species and some staphylococci and clostridia. there ... | 1990 | 2136528 |
| translocation of clostridium perfringens after administration of okt3. | | 1990 | 2137657 |
| inhibition of cytochalasin d-stimulated g-actin atpase by adp-ribosylation with clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | clostridium perfringens iota toxin belongs to a novel family of actin-adp-ribosylating toxins. the effects of adp-ribosylation of skeletal muscle actin by clostridium perfringens iota toxin on cytochalasin d-stimulated actin atpase activity was studied. cytochalasin d stimulated actin-catalysed atp hydrolysis maximally by about 30-fold. adp-ribosylation of actin completely inhibited cytochalasin d-stimulated atp hydrolysis. inhibition of atpase activity occurred at actin concentrations below the ... | 1990 | 2138453 |
| in vitro activity of teicoplanin, vancomycin, a16686, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid against anaerobic bacteria. | the in vitro activity of teicoplanin and a16686, two new glycopeptide antibiotics was determined against 196 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. the activity of teicoplanin and a16686, in comparison with that of vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid was 2 to 16 times higher against the gram positive anaerobes, namely, propionibacterium acnes, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, clostridium species, peptococcus species and peptostreptococcus species. however, bacteroides ... | 1990 | 2139737 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, and regression curve]. | this study was set up to establish the regression curve for clarithromycin inhibition zone diameters (disks 15 micrograms) and mic to create a strain distribution plot, in order to allow accurate interpretation of the disk diffusion method for testing susceptibility to clarithromycin. 430 bacterial strains were studied in three university hospital. clarithromycin was active against erythromycin sensitive staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci at concentrations of 0.12 to 0.25 ... | 1990 | 2142274 |
| de-adp-ribosylation actin by clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and clostridium botulinum c2 toxin. | the reverse reaction of the adp-ribosylation of actin by clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota-toxin was studied. in the presence of nicotinamide (30-50 mm) c2 toxin and iota-toxin decreased the radioactive labeling of [32p]adp-ribosylated actin and catalyzed the formation of [32p]nad. the ph optima for both reactions were 5.5-6.0. concomitant with the removal of adp-ribose, the ability of actin to polymerize was restored and actin atpase activity increased. neither adp ... | 1990 | 2145159 |
| the role of escherichia coli haemolysin in the pathogenic synergy of colonic bacteria in subcutaneous abscess formation in mice. | the growth of nine species of colonic bacteria--escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, clostridium perfringens, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus and bifidobacterium adolescentis--was examined after concomitant injection to form experimental subcutaneous abscesses in mice. injection of a mixture of c. 10(5) cfu of each of the first five strains (e. coli, ent. faecalis, b. ovatis, f. varium and c. perfringens) resulted in ab ... | 1990 | 2146395 |
| [atypical osteogenesis following multiple sequestrectomies for infected open fracture of the femur: a case]. | the authors present the case of an open fracture of femur cauchoix type ii with an infection due to escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, enterococcus and aspergillus fumigatus. after several sequestrectomies and five hyperbaric sessions, apyrexia was attained at the end of the third month, the femur having been stabilised with an external fixator. the 15 cm gap due to loss of bone substance, filled at each dressing with an antiseptic iodine based ointment, closed itself finishing as contin ... | 1990 | 2148407 |
| sa11 rotavirus is specifically inhibited by an acetylated sialic acid. | bovine salivary mucin (bsm) inhibits rotavirus replication in vitro and in vivo. the inhibitory effect of bsm in vitro is abolished by arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase but not by clostridia perfringens neuraminidase; it is abolished by mild base deacetylation but not by influenza c acetylesterase. the data suggest that sa11 rotavirus binds to a specific sialic acid structure on bsm different from the sialic acids recognized by other viruses. | 1990 | 2153181 |
| separation of brain dolichol kinase from endogenous activating factors: evidence that phospholipid enhances the interaction between enzyme and dolichol. | porcine brain dolichol kinase activity is effectively solubilized by extracting salt-washed microsomes with 1% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chaps). when the detergent-solubilized activity is chromatographed on sepharose cl-6b, a low amount of dolichol kinase activity is recovered in the void volume, and a dolichol kinase activator (dka) is eluted (ve/vo = 1.9-2.2) with the bulk of the membrane phospholipids. although only approximately 20% of the activity applied to ... | 1990 | 2154552 |
| n-methyl-d-aspartate and quisqualate/dl-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors: differential regulation by phospholipase c treatment. | the effect of phospholipase c (plc) treatment of rat brain membranes on the binding properties of excitatory amino acid receptors was investigated using both a phosphsphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing plc from clostridium perfringens and a phosphatidylinositol-specific plc from bacillus thuringiensis. plc from c. perfringens produced an increased affinity of the quisqualate/dl-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (ampa) receptor for its ligand, whereas kainate receptor binding was ... | 1990 | 2154675 |
| growth of group a rotaviruses in a human liver cell line. | recent observations in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and in infant mice given rotavirus vaccine by oral administration suggest that this well-known gastrointestinal pathogen may infect the liver. to examine this possibility, the susceptibility of hep g2 cells to infection with a variety of rotavirus strains was tested. these cells were used because they are considered to be well differentiated and exhibit many liver-specific functions. the hep g2 cells supported the growth of the simia ... | 1990 | 2170264 |
| phospholipase c mimics insulin action on pyruvate dehydrogenase and insulin mediator generation but not glucose transport or utilization. | this study investigated the extent to which a purified phosphatidylinositol-specific and a commercial non-specific phospholipase c mimicked acute insulin action in rat adipocytes. the enzymes mimicked insulin stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) and breakdown of a glycophospholipid proposed as a precursor for an intracellular mediator of insulin action, but were much less effective in stimulating glucose transport and utilization. these observations corroborate recent suggestions that ins ... | 1990 | 2176804 |
| spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: analysis of eleven cases. | eleven episodes of spontaneous bacterial empyema were identified in eight cirrhotic patients with ascites. criteria for spontaneous bacterial empyema included positive pleural fluid culture or polymorphonuclear cell concentration greater than 500 cells/mm3, evidence of pleural effusion before an infectious episode and transudate characteristics during infection. in five cases, spontaneous bacterial empyema was culture-negative and was associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. ascitic fl ... | 1990 | 2179097 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae gastroenteritis masked by clostridium perfringens. | an unusual food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with contaminated turkey occurred at a catered company meal. the average incubation period was 10 h, and the predominant symptoms were watery diarrhea and cramps. vomiting did not occur. initial epidemiological features and cultures from turkey and feces of infected patients suggested that the causative agent was clostridium perfringens, but klebsiella pneumoniae of capsular type k15 was also isolated in large numbers from both the tur ... | 1990 | 2179254 |
| bacteriologic and pathologic studies of hepatic lesions in sheep. | at an abattoir, lesion specimens from 140 condemned sheep livers were collected for bacteriologic culture and for pathologic examination. grossly, 23 lesions were abscesses; from 9 of which, fusobacterium necrophorum biovar a (3 in pure culture and 6 in mixed culture) was isolated and from 14 of which, biovar b (6 in pure culture and 8 in mixed culture) was isolated. escherichia coli was the predominant facultative anaerobic bacterium and clostridium perfringens was the predominant obligate anae ... | 1990 | 2180351 |
| plasmid transformation of clostridium perfringens by electroporation methods. | two electroporation methods were compared and modified to improve the frequencies of transfer of plasmid dna into clostridium perfringens. a plasmid shuttle vector, psb92a2, containing chloramphenicol and ampicillin resistance genes and a clostridial origin of replication isolated from a cryptic c. perfringens plasmid, was constructed and successfully introduced into c. perfringens by both electrotransformation methods. modifications which improved frequencies by 15-28 fold are described and may ... | 1990 | 2182374 |
| [bacteriologic diagnosis of clostridium perfringens infection]. | | 1990 | 2183343 |
| gas gangrene. a review. | gas gangrene continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. this monograph reviews the entire spectrum of clostridial infection, including its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, current recommended treatment, and prophylaxis. the early diagnosis of gas gangrene is paramount, as delay in aggressive combined treatment may result in death. | 1990 | 2185454 |
| abdominal pain, total intravascular hemolysis, and death in a 53-year-old woman. | | 1990 | 2189312 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of lomefloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against hospital strains. results of a multicenter study]. | minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of lomefloxacin (lom) was determined by agar dilution for 2,819 bacterial strains isolated in 1988 in 9 university hospitals. activity of lom against nalidixic acid (nal) susceptible (s) enterobacteriaceae was close to that of pefloxacin (pef) (mode mic: 0.12-0.25 micrograms/ml); like for pef, this activity was reduced against nal resistant (r) enterobacteriaceae (mode mic: 4). mics of lom against p. aeruginosa were between 0.5 and 16 (mode: 2). lom had a ... | 1990 | 2195448 |
| clostridial pleuropulmonary infections: case report and review of the literature. | clostridia rarely cause pleuropulmonary infections in the absence of trauma. we report a case of intermittent bowel obstruction, clostridial bacteraemia and pneumonia with a fatal outcome. only 16 cases have previously been reported. clostridial infection of the lung has many features of an acute pneumonia and is almost always associated with a pleural effusion. most cases are caused by clostridium perfringens, though infections with other species have been reported. the prognosis is generally m ... | 1990 | 2200827 |
| azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. | a plate assay was developed for the detection of anaerobic bacteria that produce azoreductases. with this plate assay, 10 strains of anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing azo dyes were isolated from human feces and identified as eubacterium hadrum (2 strains), eubacterium spp. (2 species), clostridium clostridiiforme, a butyrivibrio sp., a bacteroides sp., clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium nexile, and a clostridium sp. the average rate of reduction of direct blue 15 dye (a dimethoxybenzid ... | 1990 | 2202258 |
| clostridium perfringens toxins involved in food poisoning. | | 1990 | 2205267 |
| 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-glycosides of partially o-acetylated n-acetylneuraminic acids as substrates of bacterial and viral sialidases. | 4-o-acetylated, 7-o-acetylated, and 9-o-acetylated 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-n-acetyl-neuraminic acids (neu4,5ac2-mu, neu5,7ac2-mu, neu5,9ac2-mu) were tested as substrates of sialidases of vibrio cholerae and of clostridium perfringens. both sialidases were unable to hydrolyse neu4,5ac2-mu. this compound at 1 mm concentration did not inhibit significantly the cleavage of neu5ac-mu, the best substrate tested. the 4-o-acetylated sialic acid glycoside is hydrolysed slowly by the sialidase from fow ... | 1990 | 2206459 |
| competitive erythroimmunoassay for detecting clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin in stool specimens. | a competitive erythroimmunoassay (eria) is described for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) detection in stools. this technique uses sheep red blood cells sensitized by cpe and an anti-cpe-antibody-coated plate in which the results are read by eye. eria is simple, rapid, economic and more sensitive (2 ng/ml) than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used for evaluation. eria is suitable for cpe detection in stool samples protected with phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride. | 1990 | 2218061 |
| formation of amphetamine from its nitro analogue by anaerobic intestinal bacteria. | 1. microbial reduction of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropane 1 was carried out using 40 strains of intestinal anaerobic bacteria. among them, 12 strains (mitsuokella multiacidus, clostridium perfringens, c. innocuum, c. clostiriiforme, c. difficile, c. butyricum, c. sp., eubacterium limosum, e. aerofaciens, e. multiforme, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and p. productus) had the ability to reduce 1 to amphetamine 2 (0.1-1% yield). 2. clostridium species were more active than another intestinal anaerobic bact ... | 1990 | 2219956 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522. | the activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 was compared to that of six other beta-lactam agents. bay v 3522 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, compared to mics of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for the other cephalosporins tested. it was more active against streptococcus pyogenes (mic less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml) than cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin and cefaclor. groups ... | 1990 | 2226499 |
| factors involved in the electroporation-induced transformation of clostridium perfringens. | the following factors were found to improve the efficiency of transformation of clostridium perfringens 3624a rifr strr: (1) a reduction in cuvette sample volume (dna and cell suspension) to 0.8 ml, (2) use of a 1 microgram/ml concentration of transforming dna, (3) use of late-logarithmic phase cells, (4) 3-fold concentration of cell density (3.0 x 10(8) cfu/ml), and (5) a reduction in the ph of the expression and selective plating medium to 6.4. application of the improved conditions resulted i ... | 1990 | 2227358 |
| fatal clostridial pancreatitis following transduodenal biopsy of the pancreas. | | 1990 | 2231502 |
| adp-ribosylation of actin isoforms by clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin. | the substrate specificities of the actin-adp-ribosylating toxins, clostridium botulinum c2 toxin and clostridium perfringens iota toxin were studied by using five different preparations of actin isoforms: alpha-skeletal muscle actin, alpha-cardiac muscle actin, gizzard gamma-smooth muscle actin, spleen beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actin, and aortic smooth muscle actin containing alpha- and gamma-smooth muscle actin isoforms. c. perfringens iota toxin adp-ribosylated all actin isoforms tested, whe ... | 1990 | 2253618 |
| effect of isolated c-terminal fragment of theta-toxin (perfringolysin o) on toxin assembly and membrane lysis. | theta-toxin, a thiol-activated cytolysin, binds cholesterol and assembles on plasma membrane during the lytic process. in order to understand the process at the molecular level, two fragments (t1 and t2) were isolated from a nicked toxin obtained by limited proteolysis with trypsin. although neither the t1 nor t2 fragment has hemolytic activity. t2 has almost the same potential as native theta-toxin in its binding affinity for erythrocytes and in its binding specificity for cholesterol. t2, deri ... | 1990 | 2253619 |
| alveolysin, the thiol-activated toxin of bacillus alvei, is homologous to listeriolysin o, perfringolysin o, pneumolysin, and streptolysin o and contains a single cysteine. | the gene coding for alveolysin, the thiol-activated toxin produced by bacillus alvei, has been cloned by means of an oligonucleotide based on the known n-terminal sequence of the secreted protein. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of alveolysin shows that alveolysin shares homologies with listeriolysin o, perfringolysin o, pneumolysin, and streptolysin o. alveolysin, like the other members of the family, contains a single cysteine i ... | 1990 | 2254290 |
| soluble and cell-associated haemagglutinins of helicobacter (campylobacter) pylori. | some plate-grown strains of helicobacter (campylobacter) pylori that were harvested into phosphate-buffered saline and left for 1 h released soluble haemagglutinins. these caused high-titre agglutination of human and guinea-pig erythrocytes, whereas chicken, sheep and bovine erythrocytes were agglutinated at various titres. six of 10 strains which had been subcultured repeatedly did not possess soluble haemagglutinins. slide agglutination of bacterial suspensions demarcated the strains into two ... | 1990 | 2258915 |
| [anaerobic infection in infants]. | | 1990 | 2259153 |