| immunoelectrophoretic analysis, toxicity, and kinetics of in vitro production of the protective antigen and lethal factor components of bacillus anthracis toxin. | the kinetics of bacillus anthracis toxin production in culture and its lethal activity in rats, mice, and guinea pigs were investigated. lethal toxin activity was produced in vitro throughout exponential growth at essentially identical rates in both encapsulated virulent and nonencapsulated avirulent strains. the two toxin proteins which produce lethality when in combination, lethal factor (lf) and protective antigen (pa), could be quantitated directly from culture fluids by rocket immunoelectro ... | 1984 | 6432700 |
| comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and indirect hemagglutination assays for determining anthrax antibodies. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been established to measure anthrax antibody titers. the protective antigen component of anthrax toxin was used as the capture antigen. two types of conjugates (protein a-horseradish peroxidase and anti-human immunoglobulin g plus immunoglobulin a plus immunoglobulin m-horseradish peroxidase) were tested. results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing were compared with those from indirect hemagglutination titers on serum from vaccinees. the overa ... | 1984 | 6436303 |
| bacterial toxins: cellular mechanisms of action. | | 1984 | 6436655 |
| the choice of methods for immunoglobulin igg purification: yield and purity of antibody activity. | six methods for the purification of immunoglobulin g (igg) from serum were compared, using rabbit antiserum to bacillus anthracis spores as a model. antibody activity was monitored by a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay (irma). salt precipitation/ion exchange chromatography and ethanol precipitation both resulted in igg of high purity but there was considerable inactivation of antibody. salt precipitation/affinity chromatography gave poor yields of antibody. peg precipitation and gel filtratio ... | 1984 | 6438241 |
| ultrastructural observation on the bacterial capsule of bacillus anthracis seen in the spleen of a diseased cow. | the bacterial capsule of bacillus anthracis seen in the spleen of a cow which had died of anthrax was studied electron microscopically. it was visible around bacteria which had been fixed in a ruthenium red-containing fixative. it was composed of electron-dense spikes and extended outwards from the bacterial surface. it was not found around bacteria which had been treated with a fixative devoid of ruthenium red. bacteria were seen scattered among blood cells. they were not phagocytized by neutro ... | 1983 | 6441119 |
| some microbiological aspects of inedible rendering processes. | various aspects of the bacteriology of inedible rendering have been investigated in order to establish a solid basis for future decisions concerning an up-to-date and flexible legislation on rendering. thermal death (td)-graphs for spores of b. cereus and cl. perfrigens, pa 3679 (fig. 3), and heat transmission equations for animal tissues have been determined. by using the heat transmission data for bones and the td graphs for the spores it is possible to predict the decimal reductions of spores ... | 1984 | 6441385 |
| anthrax: the disease in relation to vaccines. | the authors trace the origins and history of anthrax and anthrax vaccines. they describe the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease and the variety of symptoms which result from infection. the authors relate the early work performed by pasteur, the development of existing vaccines and the efficacy of these vaccines, and predict the type of non-living vaccines which may be used to combat anthrax in the future. | 1984 | 6442500 |
| anthrax: the disease in relation to vaccines. | | 1984 | 6442501 |
| [on the 100th anniversary of l. s. tsenkovskiĭ's development of the method of producing an attenuated vaccine against anthrax]. | | 1984 | 6443874 |
| [optimization of anthrax vaccination on the basis of rational classification of populated sites]. | the improved epidemiological situation requires the proper revision of the tactics used in vaccinating the population against anthrax. the important task lies in the optimization of the immunoprophylaxis of the rural population in accordance with the epizootologic situation in a given locality. to ensure correct orientation in choosing the groups of population to be vaccinated a rational classification of inhabited localities is proposed: they are classified as anthrax-free and anthrax-affected, ... | 1980 | 6447426 |
| [an unusual case of anthrax infection (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 6454507 |
| [inflammatory cervical tumor: carbuncle]. | | 1984 | 6524644 |
| [epidemiological study of obligatory reportable diseases of low incidence in spain. i. carbuncle]. | | 1984 | 6531629 |
| [quantitative methods of assessing the severity of an epizootic situation]. | n order to evaluate the epizootic status of a particular territory for a given moment or a period of time with regard to the infectious diseases one has adopted tarshis ' formula. the present work deals with the comparative approbation of this formula, using a modified formula in which a parameter characterizing the intensity of the epizootic process was introduced. the epizootic situation and its severity was determined by the two formulas for each district of the country with regard to the fol ... | 1984 | 6539529 |
| an outbreak of human gastrointestinal anthrax. | | 1984 | 6545639 |
| [anthrax and its prevention]. | | 1983 | 6549989 |
| acute leptomeningitis due to bacillus anthracis. a case report. | a fatal case of anthrax meningitis in a 45-year-old woman is presented from karnataka state, south india. the clinical, microbiological and histopathological profile is presented. | 1983 | 6612776 |
| [pharmacological, toxicological, microbiological and pathohistological studies of gentamycin complex ii]. | the acute toxicity was determined of the gentamycin complex ii (gmc-ii) for albino mice, containing gentamycin components in a varying ratio. the ld50 at intraperitoneal application was 347.7 mg/kg body mass, while at oral application it was 5,180 mg (4933 divided by 5439) mg/kg body mass. histopathologically, (mice killed with high doses of gmc-ii, given orally) there were diffuse hyperemia of the liver, parenchymal degeneration of the kidney tubuli epithelium, and edema and emphysema of the lu ... | 1983 | 6623911 |
| anthrax of the hand: case report. | a patient developed anthrax of his left long finger after an accidental injection with bacillus anthracis. early treatment with chemotherapy probably prevented the cultures from becoming positive. the patient recovered, and split-thickness skin grafting was needed for the finger wound. | 1983 | 6630932 |
| [world incidence of anthrax (morbidity in foreign countries)]. | | 1983 | 6659768 |
| [renal anthrax. apropos of 3 cases]. | | 1983 | 6670882 |
| outbreak of oral-oropharyngeal anthrax: an unusual manifestation of human infection with bacillus anthracis. | an oral-oropharyngeal form of human anthrax is described in 24 individuals. the cases occurred as an epidemic in northern thailand, concurrent with an epidemic of the common cutaneous form. this syndrome is a potentially fatal, febrile illness, characterized by a mucosal lesion in the oral cavity and/or oropharynx which can progress to pseudomembranous necrosis, and to cervical adenopathy and edema. cattle and water buffaloes, recently arrived from burma and eaten raw or undercooked, were the pr ... | 1984 | 6696173 |
| [mapping method in the epidemiological study of infections and infestations. ii. soil characteristics in localities permanently at risk for anthrax]. | investigations carried out with the use of the mapping method have revealed that the distribution of localities with stationary unfavorable situation in anthrax throughout the area is linked with the agrochemical properties of soils. the number of the foci of anthrax on neutral and weakly alkaline soils has proved to be considerably higher than in soils with low ph values. no relationship between the content of humus in soils and the distribution of localities with stationary unfavorable situati ... | 1984 | 6702365 |
| indirect effects of soil and water on animal health. | some variations in animal health among geographic areas are associated with variations in soils, water supplies or soil parent materials. geochemical bases for health problems arising from essential nutrient element deficiencies or from toxic levels or imbalances of several elements are widely recognized. less attention has been directed to the possibilities of geochemical influences upon regional differences in health resulting from pathogens, parasites, mycotoxins and poisonous plants. this re ... | 1984 | 6710133 |
| biological weapons: soviet union accused. | | 1984 | 6717560 |
| robert koch (1843-1910)--the man and his work. | | 1982 | 6753182 |
| bacterial immunizations. | | 1980 | 6766272 |
| uncommon acute bacterial pneumonias. | | 1980 | 6766568 |
| [diagnostic data on anthrax in humans]. | | 1980 | 6768196 |
| [investigations on disinfection and sterilization of surfaces by ultraviolet radiation (author's transl)]. | some model investigations have been made in order to find out if disinfection or sterilization in an ultraviolet radiation cabinet (fig. 1) is effective. the reduction rate of spores of bacillus anthracis dried to germ carriers of aluminium, ceramics or wood was used for indicating the germicidal effect. it was found, that a 7.5 times higher dose of radiation was necessary to reach a similar reduction rate of spores on germ carriers of ceramics as it was found for the ones of aluminium (tab. 1 a ... | 1980 | 6774514 |
| [preparation, control and application of anthrax vaccine in ussr]. | reported in this paper are the preparation, testing and application of two live vaccines against anthrax in the ussr. they were sti live vaccine in liquid and lyophilised forms and ghki live vaccine in lyophilised form. official tests for purity were conducted, using growth factors of cultures, whereas harmlessness was tested on rabbit and effectiveness on guinea-pig and later on sheep, after some five years had elapsed. quantitative methods by which to test the effectiveness of vgnki are now be ... | 1980 | 6774689 |
| [a focus of human and animal anthrax in the area surrounding kati (republic of mali)]. | followed of one human and animal anthrax in the circle of kati (republic of mali), 1978. this localized affection interested 84 men and 38 domesticated animals. the preventive dispositions of infection and damming in of transmission are considered. | 1980 | 6774823 |
| [current status of vaccine treatment of zoonotic infections]. | | 1980 | 6776687 |
| [survival of anthrax spores on surfaces (author's transl)]. | the survival of spores of bac. anthracis on the surfaces of wood, resopal, aluminum, teflon, pvc, lacquered sheet metal and ceramics was investigated during a period of 987 days. two figures are showing the logarithmical reduction rates of germ counts on these materials. the lowest reduction rates were found on wood, the highest on ceramics. on dark surfaces the reduction rate was not as high as on light ones. the increase of relative humidity from 35% to 45% seems to enforce th inactivation of ... | 1980 | 6779445 |
| the occurrence and significance to animal health of leptospira, mycobacterium, escherichia coli, brucella abortus and bacillus anthracis in sewage and sewage sludges. | samples of sewage, sewage sludge and sewage effluent from one or more of four sewage treatment plants were examined for the presence of leptospira, mycobacterium, escherichia coli, brucella abortus and bacillus anthracis. brucella abortus and bacillus anthracis were not isolated. eleven strains of e. coli potentially enteropathogenic for calves or piglets, eight pathogenic strains of mycobacterium and one patho;genic leptospira strain were isolated from 101, 189 and 189 samples respectively. sew ... | 1981 | 6780619 |
| determination of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of carcass, bone and blood meal. | the ph value and the moisture, fat and protein content of abattoir by-products which are commercially available in the republic of south africa were examined, and the total bacterial count and the extent of salmonella, escherichia coli, bacillus, yeast and fungus contamination were determined. the extremes and reasonably attainable quality standards were deduced from the highest frequency and mean values of these figures. the total bacterial count was not statistically predictable from variables ... | 1980 | 6785682 |
| comparison of growth and toxin production in two vaccine strains of bacillus anthracis. | two vaccine strains of bacillus anthracis were monitored in a 10-liter fermentor to compare growth patterns and toxin production. under identical conditions, the sterne strain produced all three components of anthrax toxin, whereas strain v770 produced only the protective antigen. | 1981 | 6787986 |
| [anthrax]. | | 1981 | 6789028 |
| [human carbuncle (anthrax) presentation of a case]. | a case of human anthrax in a 12-month-old child is presented. most recent literature and pathophysiology of this disease was reviewed. our attention was called upon patient's age, rarity of this disease in our country and mainly, the form of presentation which difficulted the clinical and laboratory diagnosis. it was characterized by the presence of pustules over the entire surface of the body, with respiratory and neurological manifestations. diagnosis was made on the basis of cultures of skin ... | 1981 | 6789847 |
| anthrax meningitis, a rare clinical entity. | | 1981 | 6790511 |
| [immunogenic effect of anthrax protective antigen]. | in experimental immunization of sheep and goats against anthrax the vaccine containing our own protective antigen (pa) whose serological activity was evaluated by the titre 1:16 was used. pa was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel at the ratio 30 parts of gel and 100 parts of antigen. in the control experiment the doses of the virulent anthrax strain were as follows: 10(6) (sheep) and 5.10(6) (goats). the single vaccination provided only 60% protection, the repeated 100% protection. by the titra ... | 1981 | 6791360 |
| anthrax. | | 1981 | 6792089 |
| [stability of the chief properties of live anthrax vaccine produced in liquid and solid nutrient media]. | | 1981 | 6792839 |
| observations on infections associated with south wales natural waters. | | 1981 | 6795173 |
| bacillus anthracis on gruinard island. | | 1981 | 6795509 |
| anthrax surveillance 1961-80. | | 1982 | 6799106 |
| a new test of differentiation of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis based on the existence of spore appendages. | | 1981 | 6799753 |
| anthrax island. | | 1982 | 6799833 |
| anthrax meningitis. | | 1981 | 6800657 |
| evaluation of a microfluorometer in immunofluorescence assays of individual spores of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus. | a microfluorometer was constructed by modifying a standard fluorescent microscope with a fibre optic eyepiece and a simple photometric system. it was evaluated in direct immunofluorescence assays of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus spores immobilised on multispot microscope slides. from measurements of stable fluorescent crystals comparable in size to the spores, it was inferred that the fluorescence intensity of a stained bacterium could be measured with good precision. fluctuation of a e ... | 1982 | 6802901 |
| anthrax island. | | 1982 | 6803170 |
| an 1898 report by gamaleya for a lytic agent specific for bacillus anthracis. | | 1982 | 6806352 |
| [a hundred years ago: robert koch discovers the agent of tuberculosis]. | | 1982 | 6808663 |
| [robert koch, founder of modern microbiology]. | | 1982 | 6808776 |
| [epidemiological situation of human carbuncle in upper volta (author's transl)]. | after the statistical statement concerning human carbuncle in upper volta in 1976, 1977 and 1978, the authors report their clinical and epidemiological ascertainments observed during the opportunity of four surveys. among the cutaneous forms, cephalic localization is the most frequently observed. visceral forms are essentially digestive, sometimes respiratory, never neurological. in its voltaic foci (grounds made of clayey alluvium, regulatory flooded), carbuncle stretches to endemic-sporadic fo ... | 1982 | 6809350 |
| [a simple micromethod for the determination of specific igg content against bacterial somatic antigens in rabbit immune sera by a modified enzyme immunoassay]. | | 1982 | 6810590 |
| [cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax]. | the immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque, tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. besides, neutrophil leukocytes have shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterases. the study base ... | 1982 | 6812331 |
| new method for differentiating members of the bacillus cereus group: collaborative study. | a collaborative study was conducted of a new method for differentiating members of the bacillus cereus group. using the new method, each of 14 collaborators identified 8 bacillus cultures, which represented 3 biotypes of the b. cereus group. each culture was tested for motility, hemolytic activity on trypticase-soy-sheep blood agar, and rhizoid growth on nutrient agar; carbol-fuchsin stain was used to determine the presence of protein toxin crystals. cultures were identified as b. cereus (biotyp ... | 1982 | 6813307 |
| anthrax-specific "ap 50-like" phages isolated from bacillus cereus strains. | phages exerting a specific action on bacillus anthracis were isolated from mitomycin c-induced concentrated lysates of 5 bacillus cereus strains producing megacin a (phospholipase a). in electron micrographs the phages closely resembled the anthrax-specific, lipid containing phage ap 50 isolated earlier from soil sample. the phages were similar to ap 50 also in their antigenic and chemical structure, host range and sensitivity to organic solvents, detergents and caesium chloride. the dna charact ... | 1982 | 6814198 |
| [new immunofluorescent method for the rapid determination of microbial antibiotic sensitivity]. | a new procedure for rapid determination of the levels of antibiotic sensitivity in pathogenic microorganisms with the use of fluorescent antibodies is described. the procedure was developed with the use of a model of the vaccinal strains of bacillus anthracis. it is based on determination of the microbial antibiotic resistance with the method of serial dilutions on solid media. still, the medium with an antibiotic is inoculated instead of the pathogen with the native material subject to the anal ... | 1982 | 6816140 |
| assessment of immunofluorescence measurements of individual bacteria in direct and indirect assays for bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus spores. | | 1982 | 6819288 |
| [effect of specific vaccinal antigens and preparations on general resistance in growing experimental and domestic animals]. | studied was the effect of some viral and bacterial antigens as well as of a preparation obtained by filatov's method (modified by the author) on the general resistance in growing laboratory and domestic animals. it was found that in infantile albino mice the best protection against challenge with escherichia coli and pasteurella avicida was provided through the treatment with a biostimulator and a killed culture of a strongly proteolytic, unidentified strain of the 't3' bacterium. the vaccines a ... | 1982 | 6820584 |
| [comparative study of three lysogenic systems for the testing of potential mutagens and carcinogens]. | | 1982 | 6820616 |
| [findings on the spread of anthrax spores in the provincial territory of milan with tanneries]. | this paper presents the results of a research, started since 1976, on the environmental spreading of the anthrax spores in the county of milan, where there is an high concentration of leather manufactures preparing and tanning skins mostly imported from africa. b. anthracis spores were found in the raw skins, in the sewage water from the tanning units and in the fresh and dry sludges from the tannery water treatment plants. we propose hereby few operational procedures for the sanitizing of the i ... | 1982 | 6821338 |
| a major epidemic of anthrax in zimbabwe. part ii. | | 1983 | 6861201 |
| [a review of 35 anthrax cases]. | of 35 cases diagnosed as anthrax during 1.9.1981 - 1.12.1982, 18 were females (51,4%) and 17 were males (48,6%), the mean age was 39,7. all of the women were housewives, 14 male patients were farmers, 1 was a tradesman, 1 a worker, and 1 a butcher. it was localised on the skin in 31 cases (88,6%) and in the throat in 4 cases (11,4%). penicillin was used for treatment. in one of the cases with throat localisation, sepsis developed, leading to death. | 1983 | 6888296 |
| case of anthrax meningitis survival. | | 1981 | 6895865 |
| [dermatologic form of anthrax diagnosed at the dental clinic]. | | 1980 | 6931659 |
| [rare form of anthrax]. | | 1981 | 6974923 |
| gram-positive pneumonias. | | 1980 | 6993804 |
| [war and protection against epidemics]. | | 1980 | 6998225 |
| [anthrax in the differential diagnosis of surgical skin infections]. | | 1980 | 6999823 |
| the value of animal models. | | 1980 | 7006406 |
| anthrax. william smith greenfield, m.d., f.r.c.p., professor superintendent, the brown animal sanatory institution (1878-81). concerning the priority due to him for the production of the first vaccine against anthrax. | the purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that w. s. greenfield, working at the brown animal sanatory institution in london, prepared an effective vaccine against anthrax and described his results some months before the experiment of pasteur at pouilly-le-fort. partly through lack of financial support and partly due to opposition by the antivivisectionists, greenfield was forced to confine his experiments to a small number of animals, but his results were nevertheless conclusive ... | 1980 | 7007487 |
| inhalation anthrax. | | 1980 | 7013615 |
| virgil on anthrax. | | 1981 | 7023266 |
| anthrax toxin. | | 1981 | 7025030 |
| [robert koch; man and work (author's transl)]. | the paper presents a brief survey of robert koch's brilliant achievement in medicine, with particular emphasis being placed on his discovery of the tubercle bacillus made known on 24th march, 1882, his information about the aetiology of anthrax in 1876, and the pathogens of wound infection (1878), as his most valuable contributions to medical research and practice. robert koch can truly be regarded as one of the great benefactors of mankind. he was a genius endowed with spiritual and practical a ... | 1982 | 7046286 |
| anthrax island. why worry? | | 1982 | 7099248 |
| [anthrax of the eyelids]. | | 1982 | 7132185 |
| communicable disease report. united kingdom--october to december 1981. | | 1982 | 7140228 |
| anthrax in infants and children in afghanistan. | | 1982 | 7152595 |
| a major epidemic of anthrax in zimbabwe. | | 1982 | 7168859 |
| [outbreak of anthrax infections in human and domestic animals and the treatment of infectious foci in jiayu county]. | | 1982 | 7185449 |
| intestinal anthrax in man: a case report. | | 1980 | 7214503 |
| [anthrax meningitis: an ostensibly primary case]. | | 1981 | 7232164 |
| anthrax meningitis in zimbabwe. | | 1981 | 7261058 |
| methods of quantitative microbiological analyses that support the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human infection. | the microorganisms responsible for the production of an infection may be considered to be in two classes: classical microbes and host-defined microbes. classical microbes are those pathogens which fulfill the koch-henle postulates, and their isolation from a host indicates infection. they are not normally part of the body's normal flora, although they may be acquired by the host and enter into a passive relationship known as the carrier state. examples of this type of microbe are bacillus anthra ... | 1981 | 7273838 |
| [errors in diagnosing a case of anthrax]. | | 1981 | 7345591 |
| an epizootic of anthrax in goats and sheep in danbatta nigeria. | | 1981 | 7348590 |
| [rare form of anthrax with a lesion of the lids of both eyes]. | | 1980 | 7366166 |
| transmission of anthrax. | | 1980 | 7371075 |
| reporting of zoonotic diseases. | departments of public health and agriculture in all 50 states of the united states and the district of columbia were queried in 1977 to determine which of some selected zoonoses are reportable, the method of reporting and the diagnostic stage at which reporting is required. fifty-three of the 62 diseases on the public health questionnaire were listed as reportable, with hepatitis a required by 49 of the 51 jurisdictions. telephone reporting was required in nearly 19% of the disease-jurisdiction ... | 1980 | 7395853 |
| anthrax and its transmission to humans. | | 1980 | 7407891 |
| anthrax in humans in zimbabwe. | | 1980 | 7407895 |
| [epidemiologic analysis of anthrax in sverdlovsk]. | | 1980 | 7415678 |
| death at sverdlovsk: a critical diagnosis. | | 1980 | 7433972 |
| the effects of war on the control of diseases of livestock in rhodesia (zimbabwe). | the disruption of veterinary services in the tribal areas of rhodesia (now zimbabwe) during seven years of conflict resulted in serious epidemics of disease. the cessation of dipping was followed by the death of an estimated one million cattle from tick-borne disease. heavy mortality followed the disruption of control measures for trypanosomiasis. foot-and-mouth disease and anthrax spread widely in the tribal areas. rabies, normally restricted to areas bordering botswana and mocambique, became w ... | 1980 | 7445371 |
| [case of recurrent human anthrax occurring several weeks after the primary disease]. | the carbuncle was located on the back of the right hand in the primary anthrax infection and on the lower third of the right leg in the secondary infection. in both cases the diagnosis of anthrax was confirmed bacteriologically and by the anthraxin test. the course of the secondary infection was less severe. the conclusion on the possibility for rare cases of anthrax recurring has been made. this fact may be important for the assessment of immunity. | 1980 | 7445847 |
| [jet immunization with polyvalent vaccine against plague, tularemia, and anthrax]. | | 1980 | 7445856 |