| alterations in hepatic chromatin template availability during infection. | hepatic chromatin was isolated from rats at various times after inoculation with either live or heat-killed bacteria. the chromatin was assayed under conditions that allow determination of the dna template available to support in vitro transcription. both a fulminant diplococcus pneumoniae and a milder salmonella typhimurium infection produced time-related increases in hepatic chromatin template availability when compared to chromatin isolated from rats inoculated with heat-killed bacteria. both ... | 1975 | 1130518 |
| use of high-dosage trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in sinusitis. | the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was given in high dosage (four tablets twice daily) for either 2 or 5 days to 20 patients with sinusitis diagnosed on clinical grounds. in 11 the infection was improved or cured. swabs cultured from 18 patients of the series produced no growth in 8. the organisms most likely to be isolated are hemophilus influenzae and diplococcus pneumoniae. | 1975 | 1137832 |
| [clinical study on amoxicillin in otorhinolaryngological field (author's transl)]. | clinical effect of amoxicillin was evaluated in 29 cases of the acute infections of ear, nose and throat: 8 cases of acute purulent otitis media, one case of acute otitis externa, one case of furuncle of the ear, 2 cases of acute sinusitis, 12 cases of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 2 cases of pharyngolaryngitis, one case of acute cervical lymphadenitis, one case of phlegmon of the face and one case of acute gingivitis. the following results were obtained from the clinical and laboratory studies. 1) ... | 1975 | 1152288 |
| bacteremia at boston city hospital: occurrence and mortality during 12 selected years (1935-1972), with special reference to hospital-acquired cases. | the cases of all patients hospitalized at boston city hospital during 1972 who had blood cultures positive for a clinically significant, aerobic bacterial pathogen or for candida were analyzed with respect to incidence and mortality, sex, age, admission to medical or surgical services, and the causative organism. similar data were obtained for 11 years between 1935 and 1969 selected to reflect the introduction and general use of various effective antibacterial agents. comparisons were also made ... | 1975 | 1159333 |
| the radiographic resolution of streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. | to determine the characteristics of the radiographic resolution of bacteremic streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia we examined serial chest roentgenograms in 72 patients. consolidation disappeared in all patients by eight to 10 weeks; volume loss (9 per cent), plural disease (9 per cent), and stranding (19 per cent) often persisted beyond eight weeks. resolution occurred earlier in patients less than 50 years old (p less than 0.05) and in the absence of alcoholism and underlying airways disease re ... | 1975 | 1160971 |
| [purification and chemical study of a collocalia glycoprotein]. | a glycoprotein was purified from the aqueous extract of "edible bird's nest" (collocalia) using free flow preparative electrophoresis and represented the main fraction of collocalia glycoproteins. this glycoprotein is homogeneous upon agarose electrophoresis and slightly polydisperse upon ultracentrifugation (s so 20w = 3,0). the carbohydrate moiety contains galactose, mannose, glucosamine, galactosamine and sialic acid, which is completely released by clostridium perfringens or diplococcus pneu ... | 1975 | 1182216 |
| the effects of dehydration on the radiologic and pathologic appearance of experimental canine segmental pneumonia. | in an attempt to determine whether dehydration (intravascular fluid depletion) alters the radiologic or histologic picture of segmental streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, we induced pneumonia in 2 groups of dogs, group 1 (normally hydrated) and group 2 (dehydrated). five hours after the intrabronchial instillation of a brain-heart-streptococcus pneumoniae mixture, all chest radiographs of dogs in group 1 and 2 were compatible with segmental alveolar pneumonia. histologic lung sections obtained ... | 1975 | 1190619 |
| infections in 92 splenectomized patients with hodgkin's disease. a clinical review. | infections that occurrred in 92 previously untreated patients with hodgkin's disease were reviewed from the time of laprotomy and splenectomy. pneumonias occurred in nine patients with urinary tract infections in twelve during the immediate postoperative period. severe bacterial infections did not occur in any patients during initial radiation therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy (stages i through iiia), initial intensive chemotherapy (stages iiib and iv) or during remission. severe infections occurre ... | 1975 | 1200037 |
| the isolation and structure of the core oligosaccharide sequences of igm. | methods are presented for separating the three igm heavy chain sialoglycopeptides associated with asparagines 170, 332, and 395. the core glycopeptide units containing the disaccharide fucosyl-n-acetylglucosamine were obtained through the use of an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosamindase from diplococcus pneumoniae, following exoglycosidase treatment of the sialoglycopeptides. in addition to the core glycopeptides, high yields of a tetrasaccharide, (man)3glcnac, were obtained. the fucose in the core di ... | 1975 | 1201277 |
| [possible relationship between bacterial surface structures, immune-adherence, chemotaxis and phagocytosis (author's transl)]. | in the present study we attempted to determine the relationship between bacterial surface structures, immune adherence, chemotaxis and phagocytosis. as shown in table 1 encapsulated bacteria (klebsiella ozanae, k. pneumoniae, pasteurella multocida, streptococcus pneumoniae), mycoplasma pneumoniae and m. fermentans had a much lower immune adherence-activity than non-encapsulated bacteria (bacillus cereus, brucella abortus, erysipelothrix insidiosa, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudo ... | 1976 | 1258564 |
| [clinical experience with amoxicillin in otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)]. | this paper reports the clinical trial of amoxicillin. (1) a daily dose of 750 approximately 1,000 mg of amoxicillin was orally administered for 3 approximately 12 days to 20 patients, 7 of which were with acute suppurative tympanitis, 3 with furuncle of the ear, 2 with furuncle of the nose and 8 with acute amygdalitis. as a result, amoxicillin proved remarkably effective or effective in 17 patients (85.0%). (2) amoxicillin was effective against: staphylococcus aureus in 10 of 11 patients (90.9%) ... | 1976 | 1263345 |
| role of infection in chronic bronchitis. | twenty-five patients with chronic bronchitis were studied intensively from 1968 to 1972. viral, bacteriologic, mycologic, and mycoplasmal studies, both serologic and cultural, were carried out in an attempt to determine the role these agents play in exacerbations. all of the usual viral agents associated with exacerbations and 2 members of the coronavirus group, 229e and oc43, were detected. one third (33.6 per cent) of the 116 exacerbations observed could be related to viral infection or mycopl ... | 1976 | 1267252 |
| acute orbital cellulitis. | a review of 104 patients with acute orbital cellulitis during the past decade showed that the frequency of hospital admissions for this disease has increased recently. roentgenograms showed paranasal sinus in 77 of 91 patients. haemophilus influenzae and diplococcus pneumoniae were recovered from the blood of 20 and 6 patients, respectively. four children had concomitant h influenzae meningitis. bacteremia was demonstrated in 29% and more common in those with extensive orbital involvement, those ... | 1976 | 1267655 |
| indications for lumbar puncture in children presenting with convulsions and fever of acute onset: experience in the children's emergency room of the university of benin teaching hospital, nigeria. | a total of 522 children, aged 1 month to 6 years, who presented with convulsions and fever of acute onset at the children's emergency room of the university of benin teaching hospital over a 1-year period, were prospectively evaluated. bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in 22 (4.2%) on bacteriological and/or biochemical evidence. the causative organisms were cultured from the csf in 13 (neisseria meningitidis = 7, streptococcus pneumoniae = 5 and haemophilus influenzae = 1) and identified by gra ... | 1992 | 1283667 |
| antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in the united kingdom. | pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis remain common infections with significant morbidity and mortality. for many years, penicillins or cephalosporins, erythromycin and chloramphenicol have been the mainstay of chemotherapy for these and other pneumococcal infections. resistance to these antimicrobial agents has increased worldwide and resistant pneumococci are now isolated with increasing frequency in the united kingdom. this article reviews the results of antimicrobial susceptibility and serot ... | 1992 | 1285099 |
| supplies of pneumococcal vaccine. | | 1992 | 1285118 |
| antibiotic-resistant pneumococci. | | 1992 | 1285164 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of streptococcus pneumoniae infection. | | 1992 | 1285185 |
| changes in the spectrum of organisms causing respiratory tract infections: a review. | over the last decade, the spectrum of organisms causing community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections has changed. streptococcus pneumoniae now causes approximately 30% of outpatient acute pneumonia-less than in former decades-whereas mycoplasma pneumoniae is found in both young and elderly patients. the enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus aureus are now seen more frequently as respiratory tract pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia patients, and they are the major organisms ... | 1992 | 1287613 |
| a multicentre trial of cefaclor advanced formulation versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute bronchitis. | two prospective randomized, double-blind, parallel studies were carried out in europe to compare cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor af) with cefaclor in the treatment of acute bronchitis caused by susceptible pathogens. a total of 1,321 patients suffering from acute bronchitis confirmed by clinical data and a negative chest x-ray were randomized for treatment in the two multicentre trials. three doses of cefaclor af were tested: 375 mg twice daily and 500 mg twice daily were compared with c ... | 1992 | 1287614 |
| immunoglobulin- and complement-coated bacteria in middle ear effusions during the early course of acute otitis media. | we used an immunofluorescence assay to investigate the content of secretory iga- (siga), igg-, igm- and c3b-coated bacteria in middle ear effusions obtained within 12-72 h after the onset of acute symptoms of purulent otitis in 28 patients (37 ears). simultaneously we analyzed the bacteria, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using standard culturing methods and fluorescein conjugated (fitc) antibodies to haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. the ages of the patients were in th ... | 1992 | 1287810 |
| lactic acid isomers and fatty acids in sinus secretion: a longitudinal study of bacterial and leukocyte metabolism in experimental sinusitis. | concentrations of the two optic isomers of lactate (d- and l-form) as well as glucose, succinate, acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and valerate were examined in purulent sinus secretions. the samples were obtained from rabbit maxillary sinuses, experimentally infected with streptococcus pneumoniae or bacteroides fragilis. more soluble acids such as acetate displayed relatively low levels in the secretion, despite a high microbial production. a substantial increase in d-lactate concentration was fo ... | 1992 | 1287811 |
| increased rate of survival in streptococcus pneumoniae-infected rats treated with the new immunomodulator pidotimod. | wistar rats infected with streptococcus pneumoniae (type iii atcc) rapidly develop an acute form of experimental lobar pneumonia (elp) with death of 80-90% of the animals by 6 days after the infection. prophylactic treatment of these animals with the novel immunomodulator pidotimod, at the dose of 25 mg/kg bw, significantly increased their rate of survival as compared to the control group (50 vs. 90% respectively). recovery from the infection appeared definitive since all the pidotimod-treated s ... | 1992 | 1287821 |
| in vitro evaluation of bay y3118, a new full-spectrum fluoroquinolone. | bay y3118, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8- chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity against an expanded spectrum of species including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and also anaerobes such as bacteriodes fragilis and clostridium perfringens. mic90s for s. aureus, s. epidermid ... | 1992 | 1288961 |
| [antibacterial activity of rokitamycin against fresh clinical isolates]. | we obtained bacterial strains which were clinically isolated and identified from outpatients with various infections in medical institutions throughout japan. possible antibacterial activities of rokitamycin (rkm) were examined against these isolates. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined through a comparative study with reference drugs. the results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. resistance patterns of 400 isolates which were highly resistant to macrolides (mls) wi ... | 1992 | 1289579 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefprozil granules in the pediatric field]. | cefprozil (cfpz), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in a fine granular form for pediatric use, was administered to children with bacterial infections. mics were determined for 6 drugs including cfpz, cephalexin (cex), cefaclor (ccl), ampicillin (abpc), methicillin (dmppc) and cloxacillin (mcipc) against the following 84 strains isolated from cases to which cfpz was administered; 55 strains of gram-positive cocci (gpc) including 2 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 49 strains of streptococcus p ... | 1992 | 1289589 |
| [pneumococcal cellulitis]. | streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of cellulitis is rarely reported in children and adults. we report on an infant with facial cellulitis due to pneumococci and review already described cases since 1975. the main features of this infection, underlying diseases and problems of diagnostics and therapy are discussed. | 1992 | 1289647 |
| detection of autologous antiidiotypic antibody-forming cells by a modified enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot). | we describe here the utilization of a modified enzyme-linked immunospot assay (elispot) in order to detect an autologous antiidiotypic response in mice at the level of single antibody-forming cells (afc). severals assays have been routinely used to detect anti-id producing cells; however, these approaches often produce contrasting data. we present results obtained with the modified elispot, using as a model system the antiidiotypic response in mice after immunization with a vaccine from streptoc ... | 1992 | 1289990 |
| bactericidal activity and postantibiotic effect of cefdinir (cl 983, fk 482) against selected pathogens. | the bactericidal activity and the postantibiotic effect (pae) of cefdinir (cl 983, fk 482) (cdr), were determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis and escherichia coli (5 strains each) in comparison to erythromycin (e), cotrimoxazole (sxt) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amc). kinetic studies of kill showed that cdr was rapidly bactericidal at concentrations 2 and 4 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic): a reduct ... | 1992 | 1292914 |
| [evaluation of treatment outcome for bacterial meningitis and encephalitis at the provincial hospital of infectious diseases in wrocław during 1985-1989]. | data about 848 patients treated in the years 1985-1989 in the province hospital of infectious diseases were analyzed. among them were 98 patients with bacterial meningitis and encephalitis. the most frequent etiological agents were neisseria meningitidis and diplococcus pneumoniae. in none case haemophilus influenzae was isolated. the average time of hospitalization was limited to 45 days. treatment introduced at once was based on the results of bacteriological tests. crystalline penicillin, cep ... | 1992 | 1296248 |
| [problems encountered in identification of penicillin binding proteins with pneumococcus used as an example]. | whole cells or isolated membranes of streptococcus pneumoniae were treated with labelled benzyl penicillin and the penicillin binding proteins (pbps) were visualized by fluorography after sds-page electrophoresis. the pbp profiles obtained for strains sensitive and resistant to penicillin strongly differed depending not only on the concentrations of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide used in the separating gel but also on the batch used (different manufacturers). the latter was also true for sodium d ... | 1992 | 1297035 |
| [antibiotic therapy in bronchopulmonary infections]. | because of difficulties in accurately determining an etiologic diagnosis, the ideal treatment for lower respiratory tract infections remains questionable. suggested regimens are made on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data. however, the single most common pathogen responsible for pneumonia remains streptococcus pneumoniae. atypical pneumonia in younger patients is best treated with macrolides. older patients without debility or immunodepression are best treated with amoxycillin-ampicil ... | 1992 | 1297403 |
| sensitivity to penicillin of s. pneumoniae strains isolated from various pathological conditions. | 297 s. pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with different pneumococcal infections during 1990-1991 were tested for the sensitivity to antibiotics--by the diffusimetric method to 9 antibiotics (penicillin (6 micrograms), ampicillin (10 micrograms), erythromycin (15 micrograms), oxacyllin (5 micrograms), streptomycin (50 micrograms), tetracycline (50 micrograms), chloramphenicol (50 micrograms), rifampicin (6 micrograms), and kanamycin (30 micrograms) and by mic determination to penicillin a ... | 1992 | 1297465 |
| analysis of pneumococcal pspa microheterogeneity in sds polyacrylamide gels and the association of pspa with the cell membrane. | pneumococcal surface protein a (pspa) is a protection-eliciting surface protein found on all pneumococci. although highly cross-reactive, it displays interstrain variation in its size and in the expression of individual antibody reactive epitopes. pspa was not released in significant amounts from pneumococcal membranes treated with sodium carbonate, but was solubilized with sds. thus, pspa is either an integral membrane protein or is attached to an integral membrane component. by sds-page and im ... | 1992 | 1297913 |
| changes in the structure of the cell surface carbohydrates of the chinchilla tubotympanum following streptococcus pneumoniae-induced otitis media. | streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) are among the most frequently isolated pathogens in acute otitis media (aom) and in otitis media with effusion (ome). recently, the specific receptor for spn has been identified as the trisaccharide unit gal beta 1-4 glcnac beta 1-3 gal beta with glcnac beta 1-3 gal beta as the principal binding site. during the colonization of mucosal surfaces, pneumococci produce a variety of enzymes. this study was conducted to identify any resulting changes in the cell surface ... | 1992 | 1298868 |
| endogenous pneumococcal endophthalmitis after splenectomy: report of two cases. | two cases of pneumococcal sepsis, meningitis and unilateral endophthalmitis after total splenectomy are described. the first patient, a 9-year-old girl, had severe panuveitis complicated by traction retinal detachment, eventually requiring vitrectomy. due to large chorioretinal scars the visual recovery was poor. minor residual neurological signs remained. the second patient, a 39-year-old man, showed endophthalmitis of the right eye. the recovery of the pneumococcal meningitis was complicated b ... | 1992 | 1302144 |
| [clinical and experimental study of xiao er ke cuan ling oral liquid in the treatment of infantile bronchopneumonia]. | xiao er ke chuan ling oral liquid (kcl) is a chinese herbal preparation consisted of 10 herbs such as prunus armeniacae, scutelaria baicalensis, lonicera japonica etc. 30 children suffering from bronchopneumonia and/or acute bronchitis were treated with kcl (treated group) and another 30 cases were treated with penicillin and aminophylline (control group). results: cure rate and effective rate in treated group was 26.6%, and 93.3% respectively. while in control group was 30% and 96.6% respective ... | 1992 | 1304839 |
| murine monoclonal antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide types 4, 8, 22f and 19a/19f. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides after subcutaneous immunization of balb/c mice with a 23-valent vaccine (pneumovax n, merck, sharp & dohme). selected antibodies were tested in elisa against individual polysaccharides from 23 different pneumococcal types and in a dot blot assay with heat-killed whole bacteria adhered to nitrocellulose paper. three mabs (isotype igm) were found to be specific for types 4, 8 and 22f, respectively, whereas one ... | 1992 | 1311182 |
| neonatal septicemia caused by pneumococci. | pneumococci (streptococcus pneumoniae) infrequently cause neonatal septicemia. an increased number of cases have been reported in recent years, but no increase in the relative incidence among neonatal infections has been noted. on the basis of two cases of our own and a review of 40 recently published case reports, the clinical characteristics of pneumococcal septicemia are described and the pathogenesis is discussed. the presenting clinical picture in early-onset pneumococcal septicemia is domi ... | 1992 | 1315101 |
| two cases of neonatal pneumococcal septicemia. | pneumococci (streptococcus pneumoniae) infrequently cause neonatal septicemia. an increased number of cases have been reported in recent years, but no increase in the relative incidence among neonatal infections has been noted. two recent cases that occurred within a short period of time are described. they were found to exhibit most clinical characteristics, previously described, of group b streptococci (gbs) septicemia with an early onset, but appear to have a graver prognosis. | 1992 | 1315105 |
| safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in two multicenter trials, lomefloxacin and cefaclor were compared as treatments for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. in total, 522 adult outpatients were enrolled at 50 centers in the united states. patients were randomized to treatment groups receiving either 400 mg lomefloxacin orally once daily (n = 259) or 250 mg cefaclor every 8 hours (n = 263) for 7-10 days. both groups were comparable in terms of age, severity of exacerbation, smoking history, theophylline use, and ba ... | 1992 | 1316059 |
| in vitro, candida albicans releases the immune modulator adenosine and a second, high-molecular weight agent that blocks neutrophil killing. | we previously described a lyophilized supernatant from germinated candida albicans that blocks human neutrophil (pmn) o2- production and degranulation stimulated by several pmn agonists but does not block stimulation by pma. in studies to further characterize this candida hyphal inhibitory product (chip), we noted several physicochemical parallels with the purine nucleoside adenosine (ado). a sephadex g-10 semipurified fraction of chip had an absorption peak near 260 nm, an apparent m.w. of less ... | 1992 | 1316920 |
| neutrophil responses to intravascular pneumococcal sonicate. | leukopenia and pulmonary leukostasis are prominent features in patients succumbing to pneumococcal (pnc) infections. we examined mechanisms involved in recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) into pulmonary capillaries and alveolae after pnc sonicate injection. we showed that by 15 min postinjection, pmn chemotactic activity was found in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids and increased with time until the end point of the study at 90 min. accompanying the increased chemotactic activ ... | 1992 | 1317359 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of four peptide antibiotics against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (csf). | the in-vitro activity of four peptide antibiotics against 43 penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was evaluated. the activity of skf104662 was slightly greater to that of vancomycin, teicoplanin and daptomycin (mics for 90% of the isolates tested 0.06, 0.25, 0.12 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively) and superior to the other 15 drugs tested. the serotype of these penicillin-resistant strains was also determined. the strains that belonged to the predominan ... | 1992 | 1317370 |
| the swi4+ gene of schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a homologue of mismatch repair enzymes. | the swi4+ gene of schizosaccharomyces pombe is involved in termination of copy-synthesis during mating-type switching. the gene was cloned by functional complementation of a swi4 mutant transformed with a genomic library. determination of the nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame of 2979 nucleotides which is interrupted by a 68 bp long intron. the putative swi4 protein shows homology to duc-1 (human), rep-3 (mouse), hexa (streptococcus pneumoniae) and muts (salmonella typhimurium). ... | 1992 | 1317550 |
| [respiratory tract infections in the elderly, advances and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment]. | advances and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections were discussed in relation to the prognosis of the elderly patients. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae are the major pathogens in the community-acquired respiratory tract infections. on the other hand, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major pathogens in the nosocomial respiratory tract infections. detection of mrsa-pbp genes and antibiotic ... | 1992 | 1318432 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. the mic of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera serratia, citrobacter, and providencia were mics above 1 microgram/ml. some 90% of ... | 1992 | 1320362 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new quinolone, opc-17116. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of opc-17116 were compared with those of ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and tosufloxacin. the mics of opc-17116 for 90% of the strains tested were 0.125 to 8 micrograms/ml against gram-positive bacteria such as members of the genera staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterococcus: less than or equal to 0.063 to 16 micrograms/ml against members of the family enterobacteriaceae; and less than or equal to 0.063 to 16 micrograms/ml against gluco ... | 1992 | 1320364 |
| in-vitro activity of pd 131628, a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in-vitro activity of pd 131628, the active metabolite of the prodrug pd 131112, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and members of other groups of antimicrobial agents against 701 recent clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. the mic90s of pd 131628 against the enterobacteriaceae were between 0.008 and 0.5 mg/l; pd 131628 was one- to four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against these strains and was four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomo ... | 1992 | 1320603 |
| differing roles for platelet-activating factor during inflammation of the lung and subarachnoid space. the special case of streptococcus pneumoniae. | although well-characterized in the lung, the role of platelet-activating factor (paf) in inflammation in the central nervous system is undefined. using rabbit models of meningitis and pneumonia, paf was found to induce significant blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema at doses five times lower than those required to generate leukocyte recruitment to the subarachnoid space. both leukocytosis and increased vascular permeability occurred in response to paf in the lung. antibody to the cd ... | 1992 | 1322943 |
| susceptibilities of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae to rp 59500, vancomycin, erythromycin, pd 131628, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, win 57273, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. | the mics of four new quinolones, sparfloxacin (at-4140, ci-978), pd 131628 (the active form of the prodrug ci-990), temafloxacin, and win 57273, compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were tested against 53 penicillin-susceptible, 35 penicillin intermediate-resistant, and 51 penicillin-resistant pneumococci. susceptibility to rp 59500, a new streptogramin, was also tested and compared with those to the quinolones, erythromycin, and vancomycin. all mics were determined by a standardiz ... | 1992 | 1323956 |
| the in-vitro activity of two new quinolones: rufloxacin and mf 961. | the in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobials, rufloxacin and mf 961, together with the desmethylated metabolite of rufloxacin (mf 922) were compared with other orally administered agents against 622 bacterial strains. against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa rufloxacin was generally active (mic90 1-8 mg/l) with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp. (mic90 32 mg/l and enterobacter spp. (mic90) 64 mg/l. the respiratory pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxell ... | 1992 | 1324239 |
| double-blind randomized study comparing the efficacies and safeties of a short (3-day) course of azithromycin and a 5-day course of amoxicillin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the efficacies and safeties of a three-dose regimen of azithromycin (500 mg once daily for 3 days) and a 15-dose regimen of amoxicillin (500 mg three times daily for 5 days) were compared in a double-blind manner in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. a total of 92% of patients suffered a type 1 exacerbation. treatment success, defined as cure or major improvement, was achieved in all patients in the azithromycin group by day 5, compared with 23 (92%) of 25 patients in the ... | 1992 | 1324645 |
| antimicrobial activity of du-6859, a new potent fluoroquinolone, against clinical isolates. | du-6859, (-)-7-[(7s)-amino-5-azaspiro(2,4)heptan-5-yl]-8-chloro-6- fluoro-1-[(1r,2r)-cis-2-fluoro-1-cyclopropyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinol one-3- carboxylic acid, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity which is significantly better than those of currently available quinolones. the mics for 90% of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates (mic90s) were 0.1, 3.13, 0.1, and 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. mic50s of du- ... | 1992 | 1324647 |
| the in-vitro activity of new streptogramins, rp 59500, rp 57669 and rp 54476, alone and in combination. | rp 59500 is a 30:70 mixture of rp 57669 and rp 54476. the activity of rp 59500 and its two components against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was compared with that of clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and rokitamycin. rp 59500 inhibited 90% of erythromycin-susceptible and resistant staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci at less than or equal to 1 mg/l (range 0.06-2 mg/l). both inducibly and constitutively-resistant strains of s. aureus, as well as strains ... | 1992 | 1328138 |
| in vitro activity of opc-17116. | the in vitro activity of opc-17116, a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone, was compared with the activities of other fluoroquinolones. opc-17116 inhibited 50% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested and 90% of haemophilus influenzae, neisseria species, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited, which was comparable to or better than the activities of fleroxacin, o ... | 1992 | 1329620 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of q-35, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of q-35, an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin. the mics of q-35 for 90% of strains tested (mic90s) of staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and streptococcus pyogenes were 0.2, 6.25, 0.2, 0.39, and 0.39 micrograms/ml, respectively. the activity of q-35 was 4- to 16-fold greater than those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxac ... | 1992 | 1329626 |
| postantibiotic sub-mic effects of vancomycin, roxithromycin, sparfloxacin, and amikacin. | the sub-mic effects (smes) and the postantibiotic sub-mic effects (pa smes) of vancomycin, roxithromycin, and sparfloxacin for streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae and of amikacin for escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. a postantibiotic effect was induced by exposing strains to 10x the mic of the antibiotic for 2 h in vitro. after the induction, the exposed cultures were washed to eliminate the antibiotics. unexposed controls were treated similarly. ther ... | 1992 | 1329631 |
| in vitro activity of cp-74,667. a new fluoroquinolone compared with other quinolones. | cp-74,667, a 6-fluoro-7-bridged piperazinyl-1-cyclopropyl-4 quinolone, inhibited 90% of staphylococci, beta-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. ciprofloxacin-resistant, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus had minimum inhibitory concentration (mic50) of 4 micrograms/ml and an mic90 of 8 micrograms/ml. cp-74,667 was fourfold more active than ciprofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae and st. pyoge ... | 1992 | 1330421 |
| safety and efficacy of temafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin in lower respiratory tract infections: a randomized, double-blind trial. | temafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum anti-bacterial activity and a favourable pharmacokinetic profile, was evaluated in a prospective, randomized double-blind multicentre study in which 564 patients were enrolled. ambulatory adults with lower respiratory tract infections were randomly assigned to receive temafloxacin 600 mg or ciprofloxacin 750 mg, each given every 12 h for 7-14 days. cure or improvement occurred in 93.8% of temafloxacin patients and 93.1% of ciprofloxacin rec ... | 1992 | 1331020 |
| plasma bactericidal activity of a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone after oral doses of 400 and 800 mg. | the plasma bactericidal activity of a new c-5 methyl fluoroquinolone, opc-17116, was determined after once-daily oral ingestion of 400 mg and 800 mg in normal, healthy volunteers. opc-17116 at a 400-mg dose produced plasma bactericidal titers greater than or equal to 1:16 at 12 hours against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. opc-17116 bactericidal titers against pseudomonas aeruginosa were 1:2 or 1:4 at 6 and 12 hours ... | 1992 | 1331205 |
| [pneumococcus danger]. | | 1992 | 1331953 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of am-1155, a new 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone. | am-1155 is a new quinolone with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against various bacteria including anaerobes and mycoplasma pneumoniae. am-1155 was 2- to 16-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis; its mics for 90% of strains tested were 0.10 to 0.78 micrograms/ml. the activity of am-1155 was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin ... | 1992 | 1332587 |
| comparative in vitro activities of a new quinolone, opc-17116, possessing potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of opc-17116, a new fluoroquinolone, against a wide variety of clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. opc-17116 showed potent broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. the activity of this compound against gram-positive bacteria was higher than those of other quinolones, and its activity against gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria was roughly comparable to those of othe ... | 1992 | 1332589 |
| characterization of insertion mutations in the saccharomyces cerevisiae msh1 and msh2 genes: evidence for separate mitochondrial and nuclear functions. | the msh1 and msh2 genes of saccharomyces cerevisiae are predicted to encode proteins that are homologous to the escherichia coli muts and streptococcus pneumoniae hexa proteins and their homologs. disruption of the msh1 gene caused a petite phenotype which was established rapidly. a functional msh1 gene present on a single-copy centromere plasmid was incapable of rescuing the established msh1 petite phenotype. analysis of msh1 strains demonstrated that mutagenesis and large-scale rearrangement o ... | 1992 | 1334021 |
| the 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of dna polymerase i is essential for streptococcus pneumoniae. | three different mutations were introduced in the pola gene of streptococcus pneumoniae by chromosomal transformation. one mutant gene encodes a truncated protein that possesses 5' to 3' exonuclease but has lost polymerase activity. this mutation does not affect cell viability. other mutated forms of pola that encode proteins with only polymerase activity or with no enzymatic activity could not substitute for the wild-type pola gene in the chromosome unless the 5' to 3' exonuclease domain was enc ... | 1992 | 1336089 |
| in vivo efficacy of a new fluoroquinolone, sparfloxacin, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant and multiresistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of pneumonia. | the increasing emergence of penicillin-resistant and multiresistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae may pose a problem in coming years. we therefore compared sparfloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with improved potency against streptococci, with amoxicillin, the "gold standard" in this setting, and another fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, in a mouse pneumonia model. their efficacies against penicillin-susceptible (serotype 3), macrolide-resistant (serotype 1), penicillin-resistant (serotype 23), ... | 1992 | 1336343 |
| the comparative activity of fleroxacin, three other quinolones and eight unrelated antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin, a new trifluorinated quinolone was evaluated against 432 bacterial isolates. fleroxacin was 1- to 2-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and at least as active as ofloxacin and lomefloxacin against most members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the mics of fleroxacin for 90% of strains tested (mic90) were < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml against all isolates of enterobacteriaceae except citrobacter freundii (mic90, 4 micrograms/ml) and serratia marcescens (mic90, 2 m ... | 1992 | 1337507 |
| [biological products and laboratory reagents dehydrated by a rapid direct vacuum desiccation method. iv. the comparative preservation of activated streptolysin o and streptococcus pneumoniae strains by vacuum desiccation and lyophilization]. | | 1992 | 1340258 |
| comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis, latex agglutination and bacterial culture for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples. | 1. urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from 98 children with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis were evaluated by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) and latex agglutination (la) methods and the results compared to those obtained with bacterial cultures of the csf samples. antigens of neisseria meningitidis groups a, b and c, haemophilus influenzae type b and streptococcus pneumoniae were determined by both immunological methods. serum was diluted (1:4) with ... | 1992 | 1342212 |
| in vitro postantibiotic effect of roxithromycin and erythromycin against gram-positive cocci. | a persistent suppression of bacterial growth following a brief exposure to an antibiotic (postantibiotic effect [pae]) has been described for a variety of antibiotics and microorganisms. data concerning pae have not yet been demonstrated in taiwan. in this study, the paes of erythromycin (em) and roxithromycin (rxm) against 4 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 3 of streptococcus pyogenes and 1 of streptococcus pneumoniae were tested. dilution method was used for removal of drugs. two controls, on ... | 1992 | 1342645 |
| [pneumococcal meningitis from 1974 to 1984]. | we examined a group of 22 patients presented with the acute infective meningeal syndrome. lumbar punction confirmed diagnosed purulent meningitis--meningoencephalitis, and bacteriologic liquor culture identified streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of the disease. patients were mostly aged over 30. clinical picture revealed signs of general infection and the meningeal syndrome. the severity of the disease was assessed on the basis of apparent signs of general infection, state of consciousness and ... | 1992 | 1344470 |
| [is pneumonia immunization necessary in the elderly?]. | | 1992 | 1345277 |
| failure of chloramphenicol therapy in penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. | first-line therapy for meningitis is often penicillin plus chloramphenicol. penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (prsp) infections are increasing world wide, but the efficacy of chloramphenicol for prsp meningitis is unknown. we therefore prospectively assessed children with pneumococcal meningitis treated with penicillin plus chloramphenicol over 27 months to compare outcome of penicillin-susceptible s pneumoniae (pssp) meningitis with that of prsp meningitis. 68 children with pneumoco ... | 1992 | 1346668 |
| antibody to capsular polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae after vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. | the centers for disease control recommends that, because of a greatly increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection, all persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receive pneumococcal vaccine. using an elisa specific for antibody to capsular polysaccharide, a postvaccination antibody was evaluated to five commonly infecting serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae. thirty-nine hiv-infected persons with less than or equal to 500 cd4 cells exhibited significantly fewer responses t ... | 1992 | 1347058 |
| penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. | | 1992 | 1348321 |
| hospital outbreak of multiresistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | | 1992 | 1348763 |
| comparative efficacy of autolysin and pneumolysin as immunogens protecting mice against infection by streptococcus pneumoniae. | previous studies on streptococcus pneumoniae have established that the pneumococcal proteins autolysin (n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase) and pneumolysin both contribute significantly to the virulence of the organism. in the present work, autolysin and a defined toxoid derivative of pneumolysin were tested, individually and in combination, for efficacy in a mouse model as antigens protecting against challenge with virulent, wild-type s. pneumoniae. while each antigen alone provided significant ... | 1992 | 1350045 |
| effect of insertional inactivation of the genes encoding pneumolysin and autolysin on the virulence of streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. | derivatives of streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 deficient in production of either pneumolysin or autolysin were constructed. this was achieved by transformation of type 3 pneumococci with dna from derivatives of a rough strain (rx1), in which the respective genes had been interrupted by insertion-duplication mutagenesis using internal fragments of the cloned genes in the vector pva891. southern blot analysis confirmed that the pneumolysin or autolysin genes in the respective transformants had bee ... | 1992 | 1350046 |
| studies on the structure and function of the n-terminal domain of the pneumococcal murein hydrolases. | the structures of the choline-dependent pneumococcal murein hydrolases, lyta amidase and cpl1 lysozyme, and the choline-independent cpl7 lysozyme were analysed by controlled proteolytic digestions. the trypsin cleavage of the cpl1 and cpl7 lysozymes produced two resistant polypeptides, f1 and f7 respectively, corresponding to the n-terminal domain of the enzymes, whereas the amidase lyta was completely hydrolysed by the protease. interestingly, the f1 and f7 fragments showed a low, but significa ... | 1992 | 1351240 |
| increasing penicillin resistance in pneumococci in iceland. | | 1992 | 1351574 |
| risk of pneumonia in patients previously treated in hospital for pneumonia. | although elderly patients who are admitted to hospital for any disease have a higher risk of pneumonia subsequently, whether those treated in hospital for pneumonia are at even greater risk is unknown. therefore we retrospectively assessed morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia after discharge in 573 consecutive patients admitted to hospital for pneumonia, gastrointestinal infection, renal infection, or erysipelas. average follow-up was 34 months. the incidence rate for pneumonia was 5.45 time ... | 1992 | 1353558 |
| antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal meningitis. | | 1992 | 1353599 |
| antibiotic resistance to pneumococcal meningitis. | | 1992 | 1353600 |
| antibiotic resistance to pneumococcal meningitis. | | 1992 | 1353601 |
| location, characterization and expression of lytic enzyme-encoding gene, lyta, of lactococcus lactis bacteriophage phi us3. | gene lyta, which encodes lytic enzyme (lyta), of the isometric lactococcus lactis bacteriophage phi us3, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the lyta gene was located on the physical map of the phi us3 32-kb dna that contains cohesive ends. initial expression of lyta was detected by lysis of an overlay of cells of the phage-sensitive strain, l. lactis sk112. however, lyta appeared to have a broad spectrum and induced lysis in more than 30 different lactococcal strains. the nucleotide s ... | 1992 | 1355060 |
| role of the major pneumococcal autolysin in the atypical response of a clinical isolate of streptococcus pneumoniae. | the autolytic enzyme (an n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase) of a clinical isolate, strain 101/87, which is classified as an atypical pneumococcus, has been studied for the first time. the lyta101 gene coding for this amidase (lyta101) has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. the lyta101 amidase has been purified and shown to be similar to the main autolytic enzyme (lyta) present in the wild-type strain of streptococcus pneumoniae, although it exhibits a lower specific activ ... | 1992 | 1355082 |
| ej-1, a temperate bacteriophage of streptococcus pneumoniae with a myoviridae morphotype. | the first temperate bacteriophage (ej-1) of streptococcus pneumoniae with myoviridae morphotype a1 isolated from a clinical atypical strain has been purified and characterized. this phage has a double-stranded linear genome about 42 kb long, but in contrast to the other pneumococcal temperate phages that have been characterized so far, ej-1 does not contain any protein covalently linked to it. we have sequenced a fragment of ej-1 dna containing the ejl gene, encoding a cell wall lytic enzyme (ej ... | 1992 | 1355083 |
| pneumococcal immunisation and the healthy elderly. | | 1992 | 1360130 |
| pneumococcal immunisation and the healthy elderly. | | 1992 | 1360132 |
| screening for extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in pneumococci. | | 1992 | 1360135 |
| structural analysis and biological significance of the cell wall lytic enzymes of streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophage. | the development of an appropriate technique for the identification of autolysin-defective mutants of pneumococcus has been a fundamental step to carry out studies on the molecular characteristics of the lytic enzymes of streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophage. our results show that the principal pneumococcal autolysin (an amidase) is responsible for the separation of the daughter cells at the end of the cell division. on the other hand, this system provides a reliable experimental model t ... | 1992 | 1362174 |
| the antibacterial effect of some neuroleptics on strains isolated from patients with meningitis. | eighty-two strains of bacteria (neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, enterobacteriaceae, streptococcus pneumoniae, group b streptococci and listeria monocytogenes) were examined for their in vitro susceptibility to eight drugs, seven neuroleptics (perphenazine, fluphenazine, cis(z)-clopenthixol, haloperidol, clozapine, clebopride and sch 23390), and the neuroleptically inactive trans(e)-clopenthixol. the phenothiazines and the thioxanthenes were, on the whole, the most active drugs wh ... | 1992 | 1362269 |
| community-acquired pneumonia. | the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia is reviewed, and the identification of the most likely pathogens, based on clinical presentation, is discussed. by far the major pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia is streptococcus pneumoniae; the relative frequency of other pathogens, and particularly the atypical pneumonias caused by mycoplasma and legionella spp., will depend on local epidemiological factors. the diagnostic tests to confirm diagnosis and subsequent treatment of these infecti ... | 1992 | 1362750 |
| in-vitro bactericidal activity of four oral antibiotics against pathogens responsible for acute otitis media in children. | this study was designed to test the in-vitro activity of four oral antibiotics against the four microorganisms most frequently isolated in acute otitis media: beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae (n = 10), beta-lactamase-positive moraxella catarrhalis (n = 10), penicillin-sensitive streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11) and methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (n = 10), by the bactericidal curve method. bactericidal kinetics were determined for concentrations of antibiotic equivalent ... | 1992 | 1362754 |
| outbreak of multiresistant pneumococci. | | 1992 | 1363114 |
| molecular localization of variable and conserved regions of pspa and identification of additional pspa homologous sequences in streptococcus pneumoniae. | pspa is anchored to the surface of all pneumococci by the c-terminal end of the molecule. the n-terminal half of pspa is known to be serologically variable and to be able to elicit protective immune responses. molecular analysis with dna probes spanning different regions of pspa was carried out to identify homologous sequences among pneumococcal isolates. at high stringency, dna probes derived from the 3'-half of pspa (encoding the c-terminal half of pspa) hybridized to all of 37 pneumococcal is ... | 1992 | 1363703 |
| epidemiology of invasive childhood pneumococcal infections in israel. the israeli pediatric bacteremia and meningitis group. | to study the epidemiology of childhood pneumococcal invasive infections in israel as a background for immunization programs. | 1992 | 1364814 |
| [purulent pericarditis]. | | 1992 | 1366072 |
| the copy number of plasmid pls1 is regulated by two trans-acting plasmid products: the antisense rna ii and the repressor protein, repa. | the promiscuous plasmid pls1 encodes two transacting elements that regulate its copy number: protein repa and antisense rna ii. in vitro transcription showed that rnas for both repressors are synthesized from two promoters, pab and pii. from pab, genes encoding repa (transcriptional repressor) and repb (initiator of replication) are cotranscribed, the target of repa being located within pab. mutants in repa or in pab are still sensitive to repa. however, cloning of the repa gene in a compatible ... | 1992 | 1371181 |