| chronic granulomatous disease in an adult male: a proposed x-linked defect. | a 25-year old patient with chronic granulomatous disease of somewhat unusual history is described. the diagnosis of cgd was based on increased susceptibility to infection, granulomatous appearance of tissues, and diminished bactericidal and metabolic response of leukocytes during phagocytosis: the clinical and cellular features considered phenotypic of cgd. a 16-year-old female sibling had bactericidal and metabolic abnormalities of leukocyte function similar to those of the patient's leukocytes ... | 1976 | 812972 |
| chemistry and antibacterial activity of nitrobenzofurans. | thirteen 2-methylbenzofurans were synthesized and their antibacterial activity was investigated. 2-methyl-3-nitrobenzofuran and analogs containing 7-no2, 5-no2, 7-br, 7-conh2, and 7-cf3 substituents are bacteriostatic. the spectrum of activity of these compounds is similar to nitrofurazone; however, a strain of e. coli br which has increased resistance to nitrofurazone did not show increased resistance to 3,7-dinitro-2-methylbenzofuran (1). the 3-nitro-2-methylbenzofurans are labile in solution ... | 1976 | 812994 |
| response of neisseria gonorrhoeae to bdellovibrio species. | bdellovibrio species are small, highly motile bacteria that are predators upon other bacteria in nature. bdellovibrios attach to, penetrate, replicate within, and destroy prey that share the general characteristic of gram negativity. the lipopolysaccharide moiety of the cell membrane of target microorganisms appears to contain the principal receptor site for bdellovibrio attachment. since gonococci also contain lipopolysaccharide that is similar in many respects to that contained within gram-neg ... | 1976 | 814101 |
| beta-lactam antibiotics with n-oxide side chains. 1. quinoxaline n-oxides. | a series of penicillin derivatives of quinoxaline di-n-oxide carboxylic acids was prepared. these compounds were prepared from the acid chlorides and mixed anhydrides of the quinoxaline di-n-oxides. the compounds prepared exhibited minimal antibacterial activity against gram-negative organisms. | 1976 | 814237 |
| accelerated healing in infected wounds. | the effect of a standardized infection of pure and mixed cultures of gram-negative bacteria and a gram-positive coccus was studied in laparotomy wounds of rats. the infections were significantly stronger than in the control group wounds in 14 of 15 comparisons. this increased strength could not be correlated with an increased wound content of collagen. results of histologic studies showed a vigorous inflammatory response which probably was responsible for the increased strength. there was a sugg ... | 1976 | 816018 |
| [the application of actihaemyl in chronically inflamed and dystrophic urinary bladder (author's transl)]. | the effect of automated continuous irrigation treatment with actihaemyl on bacterial growth in the infected urinary bladder was tested using an experimental model. the result was that instillation alone of this preparation promoted growth of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in the infected bladder. with simultaneous application of framycetinsulfate or kanamycin the growth of pr. mirabilis and ps. aeruginosa was totally suppressed in the "urine", and the growth of e ... | 1976 | 816047 |
| [resistance patterns of certain enterobacteriaceae in hospital and outpatients, with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)]. | the relative sensitivities of certain enterobacteriaceae strains obtained from impatient and outpatient material for investigation against trimethoprim-sulf-amethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin and tetracycline are reported. the efficacy of the substances tested was very varied, the resistance rates to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole being most favorable. differences in sensitivity could be established between strains from inpatient and outpatient material. resistance r ... | 1976 | 817195 |
| diversity of beta-lactamase activity among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. | various properties (specific activity, inducibility, substrate profile, and susceptibility to inhibitors) of the beta-lactamase activity present in 39 strains of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated during a two-month period in the bacteriology laboratory of a large general hospital were investigated. among the 39 strains there appeared to be at least 16 distinct enzymes. most enzymes from escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and proteus morganii were act ... | 1976 | 817594 |
| studies on the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid. | sixty-one amniotic fluid samples from women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy were examined for antimicrobial activity. seventy per cent of the fluids were found to be active. the factor or factors responsible for this activity were present in low concentrations. the presence of spermine in the fluids accounted for some of the antimicrobial activity. | 1976 | 817602 |
| polymicrobic bacteriuria: significant association with bacteremia. | current clinical practice states that a urine culture yielding three or more isolates must be considered a contaminated specimen and discarded. the validity of this practice was tested by reviewing all patients at the west haven veterans administration hospital with positive blood cultures for 1 year to determine how many were associated with polymicrobic bacteriuria (two or more urine isolates each present at greater than 10(5) colonies/ml). during 1973 there were 18 patients who had bacteremia ... | 1976 | 818108 |
| [clinical studies on gentamicin (author's transl)]. | gentamicin (gm) was studied for on its antibacterial activity, absorption, and excretion, effect on the kidney and clinical effects. the results obtained are as follows: 1. antibacterial activity: the susceptibility of e. coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis to gm was almost the same between the periods of 1964 to 1966 and 1972 to 1974: no tendency of increase of resistance by year was noted. however, against pseudomonas aeruginosa, strains showing sensitivity to a concentration of more than 25 m ... | 1976 | 818417 |
| laboratory evaluation of fr10612, a new oral cephalosporin derivative. | fr10612, like cephalexin, is a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin derivative. the antimicrobial activity of fr10612 against clinical isolates was similar to cephalexin; however, at a low inoculum size its activity was greater than cephalexin against klebsiella pneumonia and proteus mirabilis strains. like cephalexin, the in vitro bactericidal activity of fr10612 was more influenced by the duration of contact with the test organism than by drug concentration. the bactericidal activity of fr10612 a ... | 1976 | 819411 |
| case of anterior urethral diverticulum in male quadriplegic. | | 1976 | 819659 |
| clinical experience with tobramycin in the treatment of infections due to gram-negative bacilli. | tobramycin, a new aminocyclitol antimicrobial agent, was administered parenterally to 28 patients infected with gram-negative bacilli. the dosage was 1.5 mg/kg every 8 hours, except in patients with renal insufficiency in whom the dosage interval was 10 times the serum creatinine in hours. serum levels after intramuscular administration were 3.9 +/- 1.6 mug/ml and 1.0 +/- 0.7 mug/ml at 2 and 8 hours, respectively. serum levels after intravenous administration were 4.6 +/- 0.5 mug/ml, 2.3 +/- 0.6 ... | 1976 | 820195 |
| tobramycin: in vitro and clinical evaluation in 30 patients. | clinical evaluation of intramuscular tobramycin was accomplished in 30 patients with respiratory, soft tissue, urinary tract, bone or septicemic infections due to gram negative bacilli. median sensitivity to tobramycin of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (19 strains) was 0.62 mug/ml and range 0.31-2.5 mug/ml; less activity was observed for escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter species isolates but median minimum inhibitory concentrations were less than or equ ... | 1976 | 820196 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefoxitin and cefamandole. | cefoxitin and cefamandole were evaluated in vitro against 263 organisms. studies were performed in mueller-hinton and nutrient broth and agar employing inoculum sizes of 10(6) and 10(8) organisms per ml. at obtainable serum levels both antibiotics were bactericidal for nearly all strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, and staphylococcus aureus but were inactive against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus. in agar, cefamandole appeared to be active against most strains of ... | 1976 | 820241 |
| [antibacterial activity of antibiotics in human bile (author's transl)]. | marked differences exist between antibacterial activity in human bile and broth. whereas penicillins and cephalosporines exhibit virtually the same activity in broth and bile, tetracycline shows a great lose, and the activity of the aminoglykosides is increased in bile. minimal inhibitory concentrations of chlorampenicol and co-trimoxazole are also different in broth and human bile. the differences in activity are related to the ph although not all deviations can be attributed to the effect of t ... | 1976 | 820649 |
| in vitro studies with sisomicin and gentamicin. | sisomicin and gentamicin were tested in vitro against 222 clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria using the ics agar dilution procedure. the two drugs were comparable in terms of overall activity although statistical analyses of the data revealed significant differences in their activity against several genera. sisomicin was significantly more active against pseudomonas aeruginosa (p less than 0.001), proteus mirabilis (p less than 0.005), and escherichia coli (p less than 0.01); gentamicin was ... | 1976 | 821725 |
| [studies on the distribution of thienylcarbenicillin in the human tissue]. | thienylcarbenicillin is another semisynthetic penicillin with a wide range of antibacterial activity including most of gram-negative bacterias, even such as pseudomonas aeruginosa. to investigate penetration activities into bone and another tissues, 120 specimens of serum and 120 specimens of tissue were obtained from 20 patients, after i.v. injection of a single doses of 150 mg thienylcarbenicillin per kg body weight. the evaluation of concentration showed that thienylcarbenicillin was eliminat ... | 1976 | 821729 |
| identification of the antibiotic determined by the scp1 plasmid of streptomyces coelicolor a3(2). | the antibiotic whose biosynthesis is determined by the scp1 plasmid of streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) has been characterized as the recently described methylenomycin a (2-methylene-cyclopentan-3-one-4,5-epoxy-4,5-dimethyl-1-carboxylic acid). | 1976 | 822125 |
| the role of bacteria in the metabolism of rumen entodiniomorphid protozoa. | | 1975 | 822530 |
| oral vaccination against porteus mirabilis. | mice given a single dose of proteus vaccine orally were protected against 1 mld (minimum lethal dose) of autologous proteus mirabilis by the fourth day after vaccination. three doses of oral vaccine induced protection against 1 mld autologous challenge for 7 days after vaccination and partial protection for a further 8 weeks. cross-protection against different strains of pr. mirabilis and against some strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and providencia species was found in mic ... | 1976 | 822863 |
| susceptibility of "enterobacteria" to penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycins, erythromycin, and rifampin. | agar dilution tests for susceptibility of gram-negative rods and enterococci were done with a number of penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycin analogues, erythromycin, and rifampin. many in the first three categories were investigational drugs. all were generally less active than aminoglycoside and tetracycline antibiotics against gram-negative rods and more active against enterococci. cephalosporins as a group were more active than penicillins against klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli ... | 1976 | 823280 |
| [comparative studies on the effectiveness of 2 frequently-used elective culture media for enterococci]. | | 1976 | 823722 |
| microbiological studies on some bladder irrigation fluids. | a 1.5% glycine solution has recently been introduced as a bladder irrigation fluid. in this study, glycine solution was compared with two other recognised bladder irrigants (chlorhexidine and noxythiolin) for its inhibitory activity against common urinary tract pathogens. glycine solution supported the growth of nearly 50% of the bacterial strains tested whereas chlorhexidine and noxythiolin were completely inhibitory. in quantitative studies with selected strains it was found that growth could ... | 1976 | 824207 |
| protection against gram-negative infection by 'super-active' antigen. | 'super-active' antigens modified antigens released from bacteria which had been phagocytosed and killed by human leucocytes, were found to induce protective responses in mice within 24 h of immunization. at the earliest time (24 h) when immunized mice were protected against lethal intrapertoneal (i.p.) challenge by the bacteria from which which the 'super-active' antigens were made (proteus mirabilis) the leucocytes of peripheral blood from immunized mice showed enhanced phagocytosis and killing ... | 1976 | 825449 |
| experimental pyelonephritis in the monkey. iv. vesicoureteral reflux and bacteria. | a model was designed to study the relation between urinary infection and vesicoureteral, low-grade, total reflux. surgical alteration of the ureterovesical junction produced grade 2 vesicoureteral reflux in seven of 13 animals. in the other six animals, surgery had rendered the vesicoureteral junction marginally competent and chronic bladder infection caused grade 2 reflux. it was found that grade 2 vesicoureteral reflux in the adult monkey neither prolongs urinary tract infection nor causes con ... | 1976 | 825481 |
| the aerobic bacterial flora of the anal sac of the red fox. | | 1976 | 825502 |
| a rapid, simple method for demonstrating synergy of amikacin and penicillin against various microorganisms. | a simple disk diffusion technique with use of triple-layer agar and enzymatic inactivation of penicillin demonstrated synergy between penicillins and aminoglycosides. the method was applied to measurement of the synergistic activity of amikacin and penicillin g against a strain of streptococcus faecalis sensitive to both drugs, amikacin and ampicillin against a strain of s. faecalis sensitive to amplicillin but resistant to amikacin, and amikacin and carbenicillin against a strain of proteus mir ... | 1976 | 825586 |
| [in vitro activity of cefoxitin, a new cephalosporin (author's transl)]. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of cefoxitin (cex), cefazolin (cez) and cephalothin (cef) against e. coli (n = 380), klebsiella pneumoniae (n =108) and staph. aureus (n = 47) were determined by the agar diffusion method. for proteus mirabilis (n = 69) and indole-positive proteus species (n = 23), the tube dilution test was used. cef was the most active against staph. aureus while cez showed greater activity against e. coli. cex was the most active against kl. pneumoniae and proteus s ... | 1976 | 825763 |
| the microbiologic approach in endodontics. | the results of an investigation of the microbiologic flora of gangrenous teeth are presented. the rationale of the concept of the microbiologic approach is discussed. a possible explanation for the small differences in the success of endodontically treated teeth obturated after positive and negative bacteriologic cultures is suggested. | 1976 | 825803 |
| [sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infections towards terizidon (author's transl)]. | in agar diffusion tests 2603 bacterial strains of species known to cause urinary tract infections were tested routinely in regard to their sensitivity towards terizidon, a derivative of cycloserine. in order to relate the results which were obtained in terms of the diameter of the inhibiton zone, to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic), 304 of these strains were tested additionally in agar dilution tests. the mics of the other strains were estimated from the results of these tests. since ... | 1976 | 826024 |
| multiple drug resistance in klebsiella-enterobacter, proteus mirabilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa--an analysis of all-nation computer-processed data. | this last communication on the results of an one-year computer follow-up of single, double, and multiple antibiotic resistance of so-called problem bacteria in slovakia presents computerised data on double, and important triple, quadruple and quintuple resistance of klebsiella-enterobacter, p. mirabilis and ps. aeruginosa strains. bi- and multi-resistant strains absolutely prevail in klebsiella (more than 60% of many thousands of strains tested), p. mirabilis (90%) and ps. aeruginosa (95%). spec ... | 1976 | 826047 |
| [study on the antibacterial activity of penicillins and cephalosporines in urine (author's transl)]. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) for penicillin (pen), ampicillin (amp), cephalothin (cef), cefazolin (cez), carbenicillin (car) and ticarcillin (tic) were determined against strep. faecalis, e. coli, k. pneumoniae, prot. mirabilis and ps. aeruginosa in sensitivity test broth (stb) and human urine. marked differences were seen in mic between these two media, especially against p. mirabilis strains tested. against e. coli the mic of amp, cef and cez were similar or slightly lower in urine ... | 1976 | 826261 |
| [maceration of the interdigital spaces and gram-negative infection of feet]. | the microbiological flora of the macerated skin of the interdigital spaces of the feet of 64 patients were compared to those of 64 other control patients who had normal toe webs. in the control group coagulase-negative staphylococci and aerobic corynebacteria ("diphtheroids") were the most common bacteria found compared to a great number of different organisms including a high percentage of potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi that were isolated from the macerated toe webs. the clinical app ... | 1976 | 826508 |
| [in vitro action and clinical use of indanyl carbenicillin]. | | 1976 | 827680 |
| [elder people in institutions - problems concerning health and hygiene (author's transl)]. | on the basis of our earlier studies on the hygienic, health and social situation of old people living in their own flats, we investigated the conditions in all 12 larger old people's homes of a big city in the rhine-main area, as well as 100 selected subjects of a defined socio-economic group within these homes. we checked the existence of pathogenic germs and the total number of germs on a total of 247 air culture plates in as many rooms and 669 impression preparations; additionally, we evaluat ... | 1976 | 827881 |
| prevalence and characterization of resistance to gentamicin in gram-negative bacteria. | a survey of the occurrence of resistance to gentamicin in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria revealed a 3-fold increase in the percentage of resistant strains between 1974 (4%), and 1976 (12%). gentamicin resistance was mainly found in isolates from hospitalized patients. serratia (35--78%), proteus inconstans (53--62%), klebsiella (6--21%), acinetobacter (9--17%) and pseudomonas (9--14%) exhibited the highest percentage of resistance to this drug. gentamicin inactivating enzymes were d ... | 1976 | 829605 |
| adverse effect of a cigarette smoke component, acrolein, on pulmonary antibacterial defenses and on viral-bacterial interactions in the lung. | intrapulmonary antibacterial activity in normal mice and mice with viral pneumonia was determined after continous exposure to the pure tobacco smoke component, acrolein. after inhalation challenge with staphylococcus aureus and proteus mirabilis, exposure to 1 to 2 ppm of acrolein significantly suppressed the intrapulmonary killing of the organisms in normal mice compared to control mice not exposed to acrolein. sendai virus pneumonia depressed pulmonary antibacterial defenses in a virus dose-re ... | 1977 | 835891 |
| antimicrobial activity in vitro of netilmicin and comparison with sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. | the antimicrobial activity of netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycosidic aminocyclitol, was determined against 123 recent gram-negative clinical isolates susceptible to gentamicin and 60 isolates resistant to either sisomicin, gentamicin, or tobramycin. the minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of netilmicin, sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin against pseudomonas, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus mirabilis, and indole-positive proteu ... | 1977 | 836009 |
| laboratory evaluation of fr10024 a new cephalosporin derivative. | fr10024 is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. the in vitro antibacterial activity of fr10024 against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis is greater than that of any of the cephalosporins developed to date. indole-positive proteus, enterobacter, and citrobacter are resistant to fr10024, as is true for the other cephalosporins. however, more than half of the strains of enterobacter and citrobacter tested were susceptible to fr10024 a ... | 1977 | 836014 |
| intracellular crystalline deposits by bacteria grown in urine from a stone former. | several species of bacteria were found to form an intracellular crystalline material when grown in urine obtained from a subject with a history of infrequent renal calculi formation. the following species: proteus mirabilis, proteus rettgeri, providencia stuartii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, and candida albicans formed crystals of hydroxyapatite. klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and proteus vulgaris produced crystals of calcite -ii. several of th ... | 1977 | 844994 |
| microdilution transfer plate technique for determining in vitro synergy of antimicrobial agents. | a microdilution transfer plate technique for determining in vitro synergy of antimicrobial agents is described. combinations of gentamicin-nalidixic acid against proteus mirabilis and rifampin-amphotericin b against candida albicans are used as examples to demonstrate the technique. results correlate with published data obtained by conventional methods. the technique is effective for evaluating the in vitro effects of antimicrobial agent combinations against both bacteria and fungi. the techniqu ... | 1977 | 848924 |
| [bacteriuria. bacteriological diagnosis and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents]. | in a brief introduction, methods for collecting urine and diagnosis criteria are reviewed. data relative to a study of about 10,000 samples of urine from patients admitted to various departments of the milan ca' granda hospital in 1975 are then reported. the frequencies of the various species of bacteria isolated in cases of bacteriuria are reported. those occurring most frequently were proteus (40.7%) of whose four species, proteus mirabilis and proteus rettgeri cover almost all cases, and esch ... | 1977 | 869699 |
| clavulanic acid: a beta-lactamase-inhiting beta-lactam from streptomyces clavuligerus. | a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor has been isolated from streptomyces clavuligerus atcc 27064 and given the name clavulanic acid. conditions for the cultivation of the organism and detection and isolation of clavulanic acid are described. this compound resembles the nucleus of a penicillin but differs in having no acylamino side chain, having oxygen instead of sulfur, and containing a beta-hydroxyethylidine substituent in the oxazolidine ring. clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of many beta-la ... | 1977 | 879738 |
| the effect of amniotic fluid on bacterial growth in three population groups. | eighty-five amniotic fluid from women of three racial groups in the third trimester of pregnancy were each tested for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis, streptococcus faecalis, and candida albicans. seventy-six per cent of fluid samples from white patients were inhibitory, while the corresponding figures for africans and indians were 33 and 52, respectively. of 19 african fluid samples tested against e. coli only, one proved inhibitory. | 1977 | 888865 |
| biological and physicochemical properties of the lipopolysaccharide of chromatium vinosum. | the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chromatium vinosum has anticomplementary activity. this anticomplementary activity is destroyed by alkaline digestion of the lps and is suppressed by both mg2+ and ca2+ ions. treatment of the lps with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium deoxycholate, or dimethyl sulfoxide did not affect its toxicity toward mice; however, alkaline-treated lps was not toxic. treatment of the lps with sodium deoxycholate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in ... | 1977 | 892903 |
| a comparison of pivmecillinam and cotrimoxazole in the treatment of simple cystitis in general practice. | pivmecillinam was compared with cotrimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial cystitis in general practice. similar bacteriological cure rates were obtained with the two treatments. although micrococci were judged resistant to pivmecillinam by the disc sensitivity method used, cystitis attributed to these organisms and to resistant strains of proteus mirabilis responded as readily as those due to apparently sensitive gram-negative bacteria. pivmecillinam was well tolerated. | 1977 | 893246 |
| in vitro activity of cefaclor, a new orally administered cephalosporin antibiotic. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefaclor, cephalothin, and cephalexin against 261 clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and enterobacteriaceae was compared. cefaclor and cephalexin were about equally active against s. aureus. cefaclor was the most active cephalosporin against escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and klebsiella pneumoniae. the effect on the antimicrobial activity using a relatively high and low inoculum was pronounced for cefaclor when compared with that of cephalothi ... | 1977 | 907337 |
| comparison of in vitro antibacterial activity of three oral cephalosporins: cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine. | cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin, was compared in vitro with cephalexin and cephradine against 233 organisms. evaluations were performed in mueller-hinton and nutrient broth and agar using two inoculum sizes. in agar, cefaclor had greater antibacterial activity than either cephalexin or cephradine against isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and salmonella typhi. all three drugs were relatively inactive against isolates of enterococci, ... | 1977 | 921255 |
| in vitro activities of five oral cephalosporins against aerobic pathogenic bacteria. | cefaclor (lilly 99638) and cefatrizine (bl-s640, sk&f 70771) are orally absorbed, broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporins. they were compared in vitro with cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cepharadine against a variety of aerobic pathogenic bacteria by an agar dilution procedure. cefaclor and cefatrizine were found to be similar or superior to cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cephradine in terms of activity against gram-positive cocci other than enterococci. only cefatrizine demonstrated any pot ... | 1977 | 921258 |
| a new pencillin with anti-klebsiella activity: 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam. | the in vitro activity of a new semi-synthetic penicillin, cp-35,587, 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, was investigated against 496 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and 113 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci. all of the gram-positive cocci were sensitive to cp-35,587 except penicillin g resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus. this antibiotic inhibited a majority of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. and proteus mirabilis at a concentration of 6.25 microgram/ml. also, approx ... | 1977 | 924895 |
| [studies on the antibacterial activity of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (cn 3123) (author's transl)]. | after giving a survey on the situation of antibiotic resistance in the region of northern bavaria during 1973/74 and comparing the activity of a sulfamethoxazole (smz) trimethoprim (tmp) combination to other commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, the results of tests with the new combination of n1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide) (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) at a ratio of 5:1 (cn 3123; nevin, supristol) are compared t ... | 1976 | 947327 |
| tobramycin and cephalothin for treatment of suspected sepsis in neutropenic children with cancer. | the safety and efficacy of tobramycin and cephalothin in treatment of suspected sepsis were studied in neutropenic children with various malignancies. twenty episodes of suspected sepsis in 19 febrile children with cancer were treated with parenteral tobramycin and cephalothin; the duration of therapy ranged from one to 80 days. in 14 of the 20 episodes of suspected sepsis, a favorable clinical response was achieved within five days after initiation of antibiotic therapy. these episodes included ... | 1976 | 972278 |
| a study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. ii. microflora of the normal skin of dogs and cats. | a study of the microflora of the normal skin was undertaken in 10 dogs and 10 cats. swabs were taken from the surface of the skin at 7 different sites (fig. 1). micrococcus spp., alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and acinetobacter spp. were found consistently in both species. staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 9 dogs and 4 cats, and staphylococcus epidermidis from 7 dogs and 5 cats. beta-hemolytic streptococci, corynebacterium spp., bacillus spp., escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, pseudomona ... | 1976 | 980697 |
| physical properties and the fine structure of proteocines. | proteocines derived from twelve previously described bacteriocinogenic strains of proteus mirabilis and proteus vulgaris were investigated. all proteocine preparations were particulate, unaffected by trypsin, and destroyed by freezing and thawing or by heating at 60 degrees c for 30 minutes. proteocine activity was removed by adsorption with the appropriate sensitive organisms. the active principles of all preparations were partially purified by precipitation with 70% (w/v nh4(so4)2 followed by ... | 1976 | 983532 |
| in vitro activity of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination against bacteria associated with intra-abdominal sepsis. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination were determined by a broth microdilution method for 100 aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic isolates representative of pathogens recovered from patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. gentamicin inhibited all strains of klebsiella, enterobacter, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in concentrations of 0.4 to 3.1 mug/ml and all strains of escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis in concentrations of 0.8 to 12.5 mug/ml ... | 1976 | 984755 |
| comparison of activity of sisomicin and gentamicin in mouse protection tests with gram-negative bacilli. | the efficacy of sisomicin and gentamicin was compared in mouse protection studies against strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. there was no significant difference in mortality of the mice in any of the protocol groups when five different dosages of sisomicin and gentamicin given by three separate schedules were compared for each bacterial inoculum in each antibiotic protocol. the mean protective d ... | 1976 | 984779 |
| comparison of the antibacterial activity of nine cephalosporins against enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of nine cephalosporins (cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefatrizine, cefoxitin, and cefazaflur) was determined against 344 strains of enterobacteriaceae and 99 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. cefamandole, cefazaflur, and cefuroxime were the most active cephalosporins against the enterobacteriaceae (with the exception of serratia marcescens). however, cefoxitin was the only cephalosporin that inhibited all 30 s ... | 1976 | 984801 |
| [enterobacteria of reptiles (author's transl)]. | the aerobic gram-negative faecal flora of 78 reptiles consisting of 46 species (39 lizards of 23 species, 15 tortoises of 9 species, 24 snakes of 14 species) was studied. salmonella was found to be present in 50% of lizards, in 16% of tortoises and in 16% of snakes. there were all together 15 different serotypes. edwardsiella tarda was isolated in 20% of tortoises, in 12% of snakes but only in 3% of lizards. tortoises represent therefore the possible normal habitat of edwardsiella tarda. we isol ... | 1976 | 998035 |
| tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant gram-negative rods. | sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, providencia spp, and citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolat ... | 1976 | 1000196 |
| quantitative determination of n-acetylglucosamine residues at the non-reducing ends of peptidoglycan chains by enzymic attachment of [14c]-d-galactose. | the ability of human milk galactosyltransferase to attach d-galactose residues quantitatively to the c-4 of n-acetylglucosamine moieties at the ends of oligosaccharides has been utilized for the specific labeling and quantitative determination of the chain length of the glycan moiety of the bacterial cell wall. the average polysaccharide chain length of the soluble, uncrosslinked peptidoglycan secreted by micrococcus luteus cells on incubation with penicillin g was studied with this technique an ... | 1976 | 1009945 |
| concentrations of cefazolin in human skeletal muscle. | tissue concentrations of cefazolin were measured in 18 patients undergoing urological operations. specimens of skeletal muscle and blood were taken simultaneously at predetermined intervals. the concentrations in serum and homogenized skeletal muscle were determined by means of the agar well diffusion method. a comparison of standard curves obtained with phosphate buffer solution and the supernatant of muscle homogenate revealed no substantial binding of cefazolin to the supernatant of muscle ho ... | 1976 | 1017877 |
| electrophoretic mobility of oral streptococci. | | 1976 | 1068652 |
| blood pressure response to central and peripheral injection of angiotensin ii and 8-c-phenylglycine analogue of angiotensin ii in rats with experimental hypertension. | 1. we have compared the effect of central and peripheral administration of angiotensin ii and (1-succinamoly-5-valine-8-phenylglycine)angiotensin ii on blood pressure of male conscious unrestrained rats with normal blood pressure, and with spontaneous hypertension or chronic renal hypertension. 2. after central and peripheral injection of angiotensin ii all rats exhibited a significant dose-related increase in blood pressure. 3. administration of the analogue was without effect in normotensive r ... | 1976 | 1071654 |
| pseudoxanthomatous mastocytosis. | a case of xanthelasmoidea (pseudoxanthomatous mastocytosis) occurring in a 50-year-old iranian man is described. the patient had a large upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. | 1975 | 1081401 |
| benurestat, a urease inhibitor for the therapy of infected ureolysis. | a single oral administration of the urease inhibitor benurestat (2-(p-chlorobenz-amido)acetohydroxamic acid) to the human at 15 or 25 mg per kg produced, for 4 hr, mean urinary levels of inhibitory activity that were 700 to 1900 times that equivalent concentration of benurestat required to inhibit proteus mirabilis urease by 90 per cent. in the rat these same dosage levels produced urinary inhibitory activity equivalent to 16 to 140 fold that required for 90 per cent urease inhibition. benuresta ... | 1975 | 1089613 |
| chromosome transfer in proteus mirabilis mediated by hybrid plasmid. | a previously-described fused plasmid, p-lacridrd19, was found to mediate chromosomal transfer between cells of proteus mirabilis strain pm5006; pm5006-(p-lacridrd19) was usually the donor and various auxotrophs of pm5006 resistant to nalidixic acid and/or streptomycin were recipients. the donor was usually counterselected with nalidixic acid and/or high concentrations of streptomycin. recombination experiments with single markers indicated a 40-fold variation in recombination frequencies for dif ... | 1975 | 1089751 |
| determining antibiotic levels in the blood. | methods for the rapid determination of antibiotic blood levels require particular organisms or special conditions or long incubation. a method was developed for the rapid determination of antibiotic blood levels which requires no special equipment and is rapid. special stains are not required. utilizing bacteria from standard kirby-bauer sensitivity plates, a suspension is prepared and a pour plate made. organisms which are sensitive to the questioned antibiotic and resistant to other antibiotic ... | 1975 | 1090163 |
| variations in pulmonary antibacterial defenses among experimental animals. | intrapulmonary killing of staphylococcus aureus proceeded at equal rates in guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice. in the lung of guinea pigs and hamsters, proteus mirabilis was killed at virtually the same rate as s. aureus as compared with half the rate of inactivation in the lungs of rats and mice. | 1975 | 1090537 |
| inhibition of swarming in proteus spp. by tannic acid. | | 1975 | 1090566 |
| the outer membrane of proteus mirabilis. i. isolation and characterization of the outer and cytoplasmic membrane fractions. | 1. the crude envelope preparation obtained by sonication of proteus mirabilis cells in the presence of lysozyme was separated into outer and cytoplasmic membrane fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the outer membrane fraction accounted for about two thirds of the dry weight of the envelope preparation. 2. in thin sections, the outer and cytoplasmic membrane fractions were shown to consist of vesicles bounded by a single trilaminar membrane, but those of the outer membrane were ... | 1975 | 1091289 |
| the inhibiting effect of indomethacin on the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit eye. | the aqueous flare (af) of an intact rabbit eye was measured by a photoelectric instrument. local application of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and its precursor arachidonic acid (aa) gave an almost identical increase of the af. the response to aa but not to pge2 was inhibited by pretreating the eye locally with a solution of indomethacin. the ability of indomethacin to inhibit the aqueous flare response (afr) to an agent is assumed to indicate that a kind of prostaglandin is the effector of the af. ind ... | 1975 | 1091592 |
| comparison of different media for bacteriocine typing of proteus mirabilis. | the effect of a variety of nutrient bases on the production of bacteriocines by 10 standard cradock-watson types of proteus mirabilis has been investigated. differences in yield of greater than 10,000 fold were observed. maximum yields were obtained with proteose peptone no. 3 (difco) and a medium containing this with oxgall (difco) as an antiswarming agent was developed for routine typing. | 1975 | 1091661 |
| electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among bacterial plasmids: identification and mapping of the insertion sequences is1 and is2 in f and r plasmids. | heteroduplex experiments between the plasmid r6 and one strand of the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of a lambda phage carrying the insertion sequence is1 show that is1 occurs on r6 at the two previously mapped junctions of resistance transfer factor (rtf) dna with r-determinant dna. from previous heteroduplex experiments, it then follows that is1 occurs at the same junctions in r6-5, r100-1, and r1 plasmids. heteroduplex experiments with the dna from a lambda phage carrying the insertion sequence ... | 1975 | 1092668 |
| pigment production by bacteroides species with reference to sub-classification. | all six reference strains of bacteroides species, 36 laboratory isolates conforming to this group, and individual strains of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella typhimurium and clostridum welchii produced a dense black pigment, identified as ferrus sulphide, when grown in cooked-meat media containing cystine and ferrous sulphate. this was an indicator effect resulting from the production of h2s by the bacteria in the presence of ferrous ions and was unrelated to the characteristic pi ... | 1975 | 1092861 |
| [on flucloxacillin sensitivity determination by the disc method (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1092891 |
| treatment of chronic prostatitis. comparison of minocycline and doxycycline. | the results of minocycline and doxycycline therapy in 41 patients with chronic prostatitis and minocycline therapy in 6 patients with acute prostatitis were evaluated. in the comparative study of chronic prostatitis, minocycline and doxycycline were given on the same dosage schedule, milligram for milligram: a loading dose of 200 mg. followed by 100 mg. twicd daily. over-all clinical responses to therapy with either agent were generally satisfactory, and no statistically significant difference ... | 1975 | 1093309 |
| high frequency transduction of resistance to ampicillin and kanamycin in proteus mirabilis. | | 1975 | 1094093 |
| [microbiological characteristics of bacteria of the genera proteus and morganella isolated from ill and healthy children]. | | 1975 | 1094728 |
| selective deficiency of the second component of complement in a patient with anaphylactoid purpura. | | 1975 | 1095265 |
| [aminopenicillins from microbiological viewpoint]. | in this report it was tried to emphasize several microbiological aspects of the amino-penicillin. hereby it turns out that the activity differences of all the substances are very similar on microbiological part. a break of the cross-resistance does not happen with all the amino-penicillins. with regard to the appearance of resistant strains, it can be told that the conditions still are advantageous on non-hospitalized patients in the totality. in the clinic a high part of resistant strains are f ... | 1975 | 1095501 |
| aminopenicillins - clinical pharmacology and use in disease states. | ampicillin introduced in 1961 has been administered in the treatment of diverse infections by both oral and parenteral means. oral infections of the upper airways such as otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia have responded with high success rates since the microorganisms involved have remained sensitive to ampicillin. similarly, out-patient urinary tract infections caused by escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterococci are cured. typhoid fever may yet be treated with ampicillin, but s ... | 1975 | 1095502 |
| variation in expression of sex factor genes in the proteus-providencia group relative to escherichia coli. | several instances of anomalous expression of genes introduced from escherichia coli k-12 into proteus mirabilis have been described. it is shown here that control of sex pilus synthesis directed by the f-like r factor r1 and its depressed derivatives r1-16 (o-c) and r1-19 (i-minus) is also anomalous in p. mirabilis. piliation in cells bearing the depressed plasmids is expressed at a lower level than in e. coli k-12, and repression is absent in r1-carrying cells. preliminary results show a simila ... | 1975 | 1095557 |
| transition of the r factor nr1 and proteus mirabilis: level of drug resistance of nontransitioned and transitioned cells. | when proteus mirabilis harboring the r factor nr1 is cultured in penassay broth containing 100 mug of chloramphenicol (cm) per ml, there is an amplification in the number of copies of the r-determinants per cell. under these conditions, r factors harboring multiple tandem sequences of r-determinants are formed. autonomous poly-f-determinants consisting of multiple copies of r-determinants are also formed. this phenomenon has been referred to as the "transition". transitioned cells have considera ... | 1975 | 1095563 |
| r factors from proteus mirabilis and p. vulgaris. | eighty-nine r factors were transmitted by conjugation to escherichia coli k12 from isolates of proteus hauseri (p. mirabilis plus p vulgaris). more than half were non-selftranmissible. the remainder included plasmids assigned to the previously defined groups fii,a-c complex, j, n and p, as well as some not belonging to any knwon compatibility groups. r factors from strains isolated in india, thailand and japan carried plasmids whose inheritance was extremely unstable in e. coli k12. all belonge ... | 1975 | 1095684 |
| [phagocytosis of cell wall defective bacteria by human macrophages (author's transl)]. | statistically significant better phagocytosis of spheroplasts was found by comparing the rate of phagocytosis of normal and penicillin-g induced cell wall defective bacterial (spheroplasts) by human macrophages in isotonic media using a proteus mirabilis strain as test organism. this provides additional information concerning the minor role of cell wall defective bacteria as persisters in chronic infections. | 1975 | 1095903 |
| decrease in ribosomal density of proteus mirabilis exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin or cephalothin. | the finding of reduced ribosomal densities at lower concentrations than those required to stop growth or cause visible defects in the cell wall is in contrast to the current view that the initial lesion produced by penicillins or cephalosporins is a defect in murein synthesis (11). this reduction in ribosomal density could be a primary or secondary effect and might be due to a decreased rate of growth, which has been shown to be associated with a lower ribosome frequency (12, 13) or to less stab ... | 1975 | 1096166 |
| the pulmonary response to a bacteremic challenge. | the pulmonary response to a bacteremic challenge was studied in a mouse model. the distribution of intravenously injected radiotracer-labeled proteus mirabilis and staphylococcus aureus in the lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood was examined at 0, 5 30, 60, and 240 min. pulmonary killing of these organisms was studied at 0, 30, and 240 min; 0.8 plus or minus 0.1 per cent of the p. mirabilis and 1.5 plus or minus 0.2 per cent of the s. aureus remained within the lungs after 4 hours. although ... | 1975 | 1096694 |
| antibacterial activity of cinoxacin in vitro. | cinoxacin is a new synthetic compound similar chemically and in antimicrobial activity to oxolonic acid and nalidixic acid. it is most effective against escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis, but at concentrations expected in the urine it is inhibitory for all species of enterobacteriaceae. relative to nalidixic acid, cinoxacin has slightly greater inhibitory and bactericidal activity, less inoculum effect probably due to less heterogeneity in the susceptibility of bacterial cells, and less inh ... | 1975 | 1096811 |
| evaluation of antibacterial activities of cephalosporin antibiotics: cefazolin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, and cephalexin. | the antibacterial activities of 4 cephalosporin antibiotics, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cephalothin and cephalexin, against 330 isolates of bacteria from patients at national taiwan university hospital, were determined by an agar plate dilution technique. cephalosporins possess strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria except enterococci. staphylococcus aureus is the most susceptible among the organisms tested. more than 90% of staphylococcus aureus strains are suppressed by ce ... | 1975 | 1097210 |
| bacterial studies of clindamycin-associated colitis. a preliminary report. | the cause of pseudomembraneous colitis is not known but has been attributed to an alteration in the microbial flora of the colon. to test this hypothesis, a blind, prospective study was undertaken in which fecal samples were cultured quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. the patients from which these samples were taken were all receiving clindamycin and had diarrhea secondary to the use of the drug. we were able to show definite differences in the colonic microflora which correlate ... | 1975 | 1097297 |
| indirect evidence for cell wall and membrane differences between filamentous swarming cells and short non-swarming cells of proteus mirabilis. | | 1975 | 1097593 |
| 7-n-amidinocephalosporins. | 7-aminocephalosporanic acid tert-butyl ester reacts quantitatively at--20 degrees with iminium chlorides to give amidino derivatives. removal of the tert-butyl protecting group with trifluoroacetic acid and treatment with 1 equiv of triethylamine yield the corresponding zwitterions. these compounds were less active than their penicillin analogs. | 1975 | 1097691 |
| comparative studies on generalized transducing bacteriophages of proteus mirabilis, phim and pi1. | comparative studies were made on the generalized transducing bacteriophages of proteus mirabilis phim (nakaya and rownd), pi1(böhme), and a clear plaque-forming mutant phim-c, derived from phim. electron microscopic observations revealed that these phages were morphologically identical, indicating that they belonged to the group c of bradley's classification, or to the type c1 of ackermann's classification. phages phim and pi1 formed characteristic turbid plaques different from each other, and t ... | 1975 | 1097767 |
| accumulation of replicating bacterial plasmid dna during thymine limitation or hydroxyurea treatment. | the rate of dna chain elongation of a thymine auxotroph of proteus mirabilis harboring an r factor was reduced by either thymine limitation or treatment with hydroxyurea. using cscl density gradient centrifugation, sedimentation in sucrose gradients, and electron microscopy, it has been shown that the fraction of total r factor dna which is in the process of replication is greatly increased when the rate of dna chain elongation is reduced while the initiation of plasmid replication continues at ... | 1975 | 1097888 |
| microbial growth on agar surfaces studied by incident light differential interference contrast microscopy. | microbial surface growth on routine opaque agar media was examined by various incident light microscopical techniques. only differential interference contrast regularly gave good resolution and contrast. the arrangement of units approaching the size of individual bacteria may be judged by low power dry objectives. | 1975 | 1098392 |
| determination of ammonia inhibition in fabric impregnated with antimicrobials. | a new method is described for determining the presence or absence of ammonia produced by urealytic microorganisms, using fabric which has been treated with an antimicrobial. circular disks of fabric treated with various concentrations of an antimicrobial are placed in the bottoms of snap-on lid petri dishes. nutrient medium containing urea, an indicator, and a dilution of an overnight culture of proteus mirabilis is applied to the fabric disks. the lids are snapped on and the dishes are incubate ... | 1975 | 1099065 |
| transition of r factor nr1 in proteus mirabilis: molecular structure and replication of nr1 deoxyribonucleic acid. | the structure of r factor nr1 dna in proteus mirabilis has been studied by using the techniques of cscl density gradient centrifugation, sedimentation in neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients, and electron microscopy. it has been shown that the nontransitioned form of nr1 dna isolated from p. mirabilis cultured in drug-free medium is a37-mum circular deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) with a density of 1.712 g/ml in a neutral cscl gradient. this circular molecule is a composite structure consisting of ... | 1975 | 1099069 |
| denaturation mapping of r factor deoxyribonucleic acid. | the r factor nr1 consists of two components: a resistance transfer factor which harbors the tetracycline resistance genes (rtf-tc) and the r-determinants component which harbors the other drug resistance genes. using partial denaturation mapping it is possible to distinguish the rtf-tc region from the r-determinants region of the composite r factor nr1 dna which has a contour length of 37 mum and a density of 1.712 g/ml. the r-determinants region was a relatively undenatured 8.5-mum segment of t ... | 1975 | 1099070 |