| prevalence, spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial and candida colonization between the 21st and 33rd week of gestation in women with pprom - 5 years' experience in 1 perinatal center. | objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial and candida colonization of the vagina between the 21st and the 33rd week of gestation in women who had preterm premature rupture of membranes (pprom). study design: high vaginal swabs from 245 subjects with pprom were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study using cultivation-dependent methods. patients were additionally divided into two groups: women with pprom between the 21st ... | 2013 | 24771885 |
| multiplex pcr assay targeting a diguanylate cyclase-encoding gene, cgca, to differentiate species within the genus cronobacter. | in a comparison to the widely used cronobacter rpob pcr assay, a highly specific multiplexed pcr assay based on cgca, a diguanylate cyclase gene, that identified all of the targeted six species among 305 cronobacter isolates was designed. this assay will be a valuable tool for identifying suspected cronobacter isolates from food-borne investigations. | 2013 | 23144142 |
| favorable outcome in cerebral abscesses caused by citrobacter koseri in a newborn infant. | the treatment of brain abscesses in newborn infants is controversial. we report on a 6-week-old infant with multiple brain abscesses caused by citrobacter koseri that resolved after treatment with combined surgical drainage and intravenous therapy with meropenem and fosfomycin. | 2014 | 26793443 |
| favorable outcome in cerebral abscesses caused by citrobacter koseri in a newborn infant. | the treatment of brain abscesses in newborn infants is controversial. we report on a 6-week-old infant with multiple brain abscesses caused by citrobacter koseri that resolved after treatment with combined surgical drainage and intravenous therapy with meropenem and fosfomycin. | 2014 | 26793443 |
| performance of vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae with vitek 2 (2009 fda) and 2014 clsi breakpoints. | vitek 2 (biomérieux inc., durham, nc) is a widely used commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test system. we compared the mic results obtained using the vitek 2 ast-gn69 and ast-xn06 cards to those obtained by clsi broth microdilution (bmd) for 255 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, including 25 isolates of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. in total, 25 antimicrobial agents were examined. for 10 agents, the mic data were evaluated using two sets of breakpoints: (i) the vitek 2 breakpoints, ... | 2014 | 25540403 |
| performance of vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae with vitek 2 (2009 fda) and 2014 clsi breakpoints. | vitek 2 (biomérieux inc., durham, nc) is a widely used commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test system. we compared the mic results obtained using the vitek 2 ast-gn69 and ast-xn06 cards to those obtained by clsi broth microdilution (bmd) for 255 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, including 25 isolates of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. in total, 25 antimicrobial agents were examined. for 10 agents, the mic data were evaluated using two sets of breakpoints: (i) the vitek 2 breakpoints, ... | 2014 | 25540403 |
| complete genome sequence of a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate with chromosomally encoded carbapenem resistance and colibactin synthesis loci. | klebsiella pneumoniae is an important nosocomial pathogen, and multidrug-resistant strains have become a worldwide concern. here, we report the complete genome of a k. pneumoniae isolate with chromosomally integrated blakpc genes and a colibactin synthesis locus. | 2014 | 25540345 |
| biogeographic patterns in below-ground diversity in new york city's central park are similar to those observed globally. | soil biota play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, however, compared to our knowledge of above-ground plant and animal diversity, the biodiversity found in soils remains largely uncharacterized. here, we present an assessment of soil biodiversity and biogeographic patterns across central park in new york city that spanned all three domains of life, demonstrating that even an urban, managed system harbours large amounts of undescribed soil biodiversity. despite high variabili ... | 2014 | 25274366 |
| assessment of the intensive care unit treatment of pneumonia at a veterans affairs facility. | pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the critically ill. clinicians use a range of duration for antibiotic treatment from 7 to 14 days or longer. failure to de-escalate antimicrobial therapy in a timely manner may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance, increased risk of side effects, and increased cost. | 2014 | 25477567 |
| phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and the carba np test. | we compared the diagnostic accuracy of the carba np test with that of a straightforward matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) method for detecting carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe). using pcr as the reference method, both tests demonstrated a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 100%. maldi-tof ms offers a potential alternative for the rapid detection of cpe in the clinical laboratory setting. | 2014 | 25187633 |
| evaluation of five chromogenic agar media and the rosco rapid carb screen kit for detection and confirmation of carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacilli. | an efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the rapid carb screen test (rosco diagnostica a/s, taastrup, denmark) and the modified hodge test. a panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. an evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turna ... | 2014 | 25355764 |
| evaluation of five chromogenic agar media and the rosco rapid carb screen kit for detection and confirmation of carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacilli. | an efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the rapid carb screen test (rosco diagnostica a/s, taastrup, denmark) and the modified hodge test. a panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. an evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turna ... | 2014 | 25355764 |
| noma: a disease of poverty presenting at an urban hospital in the united states. | | 2014 | 27075129 |
| noma: a disease of poverty presenting at an urban hospital in the united states. | | 2014 | 27075129 |
| rapid detection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from urine samples by use of the esbl ndp test. | from june to september 2012, 500 urine samples were recovered from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) due to gram-negative bacilli (≥ 10(4) leukocytes/ml and ≥ 10(5) gram-negative isolates/ml) who visited the university hospital bicêtre (france). they were challenged with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) using the rapid diagnostic esbl ndp test. results of the esbl ndp test were compared to the results of the double-disc susceptibility test (dd ... | 2014 | 25100819 |
| the β-lacta test for direct detection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in urine. | with the β-lacta test, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) was assayed in 200 urine samples showing gram-negative bacilli during direct microscopic examination. while 168 samples tested negative, all samples yielding esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae after culture gave positive (n = 30) or uninterpretable (n = 2) results. the sensitivity and specificity of esbl detection were 94% and 100%, respectively. | 2014 | 25078913 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of prs218, a large virulence plasmid, that augments pathogenic potential of meningitis-associated escherichia coli strain rs218. | escherichia coli is the most predominant gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with neonatal meningitis. previous studies indicated that the prototypic neonatal meningitis e. coli (nmec) strain rs218 (o18:k1:h7) harbors one large plasmid. objectives of the present study were to analyze the complete nucleotide sequence of this large plasmid (prs218) and its contribution to nmec pathogenesis using in vitro and in vivo models of neonatal meningitis. | 2014 | 25164788 |
| role of appropriate therapy in combating mortality among the ventilated patients. | ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) is a nosocomial infection prevalent among the intensive care unit (icu) patients despite proper infection control practices. the diagnosis of vap still remains controversial and hence the mortality rate is higher among this group of patients. | 2014 | 25300335 |
| biofilms formed by gram-negative bacteria undergo increased lipid a palmitoylation, enhancing in vivo survival. | bacterial biofilm communities are associated with profound physiological changes that lead to novel properties compared to the properties of individual (planktonic) bacteria. the study of biofilm-associated phenotypes is an essential step toward control of deleterious effects of pathogenic biofilms. here we investigated lipopolysaccharide (lps) structural modifications in escherichia coli biofilm bacteria, and we showed that all tested commensal and pathogenic e. coli biofilm bacteria display lp ... | 2014 | 25139899 |
| microbiology, resistance patterns, and risk factors of mortality in ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in a northern thai tertiary-care university based general surgical intensive care unit. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) occurrence, causative pathogens, and resistance patterns in surgical intensive care units (sicu) are different between western and developing asian countries. in thailand, resistant organisms have progressively increased in the last decade. however, the evidence describing causes of vap and its outcomes, especially secondary to resistant pathogens, in asian developing countries' sicus is very limited. therefore, the objective of this study was to describe th ... | 2014 | 25152627 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri originating from a renal abscess. | we present a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri. a 69-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled diabetes and a protracted urinary tract infection (uti) presented with a painful swollen left eye. there was no history of eye surgery or trauma. imaging revealed an abscess in the right kidney. although endophthalmitis is very rare in healthy patient, it is more common in the immunocompromised. in this patient, several multiple system illnesses including poo ... | 2014 | 25096654 |
| aetiology of acute febrile episodes in children attending korogwe district hospital in north-eastern tanzania. | although the burden of malaria in many parts of tanzania has declined, the proportion of children with fever has not changed. this situation underscores the need to explore the possible causes of febrile episodes in patients presenting with symptoms at the korogwe district hospital (kdh). | 2014 | 25090651 |
| aspiration-related deaths in 57 consecutive patients: autopsy study. | aspiration can cause a diverse spectrum of pulmonary disorders some of which can lead to death but can be difficult to diagnose. | 2014 | 25076409 |
| pancreatic panniculitis complicated by infection with corynebacterium tuberculostearicum: a case report. | we present a case of pancreatic panniculitis in a patient with alcohol abuse where corynebacterium tuberculostearicum was isolated from a pannicular nodule on the crus. the patient was started on linezolid treatment leading to regression of the patient's symptoms. upon discontinuation of linezolid treatment progression of the skin symptoms progressed. | 2014 | 26955524 |
| lifesaving pericardiocentesis due to purulent pericarditis with growth of gram-negative rods in an immune-competent inuit male. | polymicrobial gram-negative pericarditis is a rare entity in the immune-competent patient, and purulent pericarditis due to bacteria complicated by tamponade is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates. a prompt diagnosis and treatment is, as in this case, lifesaving and facilitated by echocardiography but is not the case in rural areas in common. change in the infectious aetiology indicates broad-spectrum antibiotics. we describe a case of purulent pericarditis causing cardiac tam ... | 2014 | 25635186 |
| validation of antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines in a routine clinical microbiology laboratory exemplifies general key challenges in setting clinical breakpoints. | this study critically evaluated the new european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines on the basis of a large set of disk diffusion diameters determined for clinical isolates. we report several paradigmatic problems that illustrate key issues in the selection of clinical susceptibility breakpoints, which are of general importance not only for eucast but for all guidelines systems, i.e., (i) the need for species-specific determin ... | 2014 | 24777093 |
| is1r-mediated plasticity of incl/m plasmids leads to the insertion of bla oxa-48 into the escherichia coli chromosome. | the oxa-48 carbapenemase is mainly encoded by ∼ 62-kb incl/m plasmids. however, chromosome-mediated genes have been observed in escherichia coli isolates. in this work, we investigated the genetic environment of oxa-48 in members of the family enterobacteriaceae (n = 22) to understand how the oxa-48-encoding gene is transferred into the e. coli chromosome. the oxa-48-encoding gene was located within intact tn1999.2 transposons in the ∼ 62-kb plasmids or within a truncated variant of tn1999.2 for ... | 2014 | 24752261 |
| postsurgical pantoea calida meningitis: a case report. | pantoea calida, a recently described environmental enterobacteriaceae organism, has not yet been associated with human infection. | 2014 | 24934580 |
| weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiograms to guide empiric treatment of critical care infections: a retrospective cohort study. | empiric antimicrobial selection for critical care infections must balance the need for timely adequate coverage with the resistance pressure exerted by broadspectrum agents. we estimated the potential of weighted incidence syndromic combination antibiograms (wiscas) to improve time to adequate coverage for critical care infections. in contrast to traditional antibiograms, wiscas display the likelihood of coverage for a specific infectious syndrome (rather than individual pathogens), and also tak ... | 2014 | 24887215 |
| nk cell receptor nkp46 regulates graft-versus-host disease. | hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is often the only curative treatment for a wide variety of hematologic malignancies. donor selection in these diseases is crucial, given that transplanted cells can mediate not only the desired graft-versus-leukemia effect but also graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). here, we demonstrate that in the absence of nkp46, a major killer receptor expressed by human and mouse natural killer (nk) cells, gvhd is greatly exacerbated, resulting in rapid mortalit ... | 2014 | 24882008 |
| the yrpab operon of yersinia ruckeri encoding two putative u32 peptidases is involved in virulence and induced under microaerobic conditions. | in an attempt to dissect the virulence mechanisms of yersinia ruckeri two adjacent genes, yrpa and yrpb, encoding putative peptidases belonging to the u32 family, were analyzed. similar genes, with the same genetic organization were identified in genomic analysis of human-pathogenic yersiniae. rt-pcr studies indicated that these genes form an operon in y. ruckeri. transcriptional studies using an yrpb::laczy fusion showed high levels of expression of these genes in the presence of peptone in the ... | 2014 | 24865652 |
| genotoxic klebsiella pneumoniae in taiwan. | colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide synthesized by multi-enzyme complexes encoded by the pks gene cluster. colibactin-producing escherichia coli have been demonstrated to induce host dna damage and promote colorectal cancer (crc) development. in taiwan, the occurrence of pyogenic liver abscess (pla) has been suggested to correlate with an increasing risk of crc, and klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant pla pathogen in taiwan. | 2014 | 24852749 |
| 1,3-propanediol production with citrobacter werkmanii dsm17579: effect of a dhad knock-out. | 1,3-propanediol (pdo) is a substantially industrial metabolite used in the polymer industry. although several natural pdo production hosts exist, e.g. klebsiella sp., citrobacter sp. and clostridium sp., the pdo yield on glycerol is insufficient for an economically viable bio-process. enhancing this yield via strain improvement can be achieved by disconnecting the production and growth pathways. in the case of pdo formation, this approach results in a microorganism metabolizing glycerol strictly ... | 2014 | 24885849 |
| micro-organisms associated with febrile neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in eastern india. | there is paucity of information from eastern india with regard to observed dominant micro-organisms causing febrile neutropenia (fn) in patients with haematological malignancies. to identify the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms associated with fn. a total number of 268 episodes of fn were analysed from september'2010 to october'2013. the blood samples were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth, glucose broth, hicombi dual performance media (himedia, lq-12) at 37° c for 168 h and bact ... | 2014 | 25548444 |
| micro-organisms associated with febrile neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in eastern india. | there is paucity of information from eastern india with regard to observed dominant micro-organisms causing febrile neutropenia (fn) in patients with haematological malignancies. to identify the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms associated with fn. a total number of 268 episodes of fn were analysed from september'2010 to october'2013. the blood samples were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth, glucose broth, hicombi dual performance media (himedia, lq-12) at 37° c for 168 h and bact ... | 2014 | 25548444 |
| continuous endotracheal tube cuff pressure control system protects against ventilator-associated pneumonia. | the use of a system for continuous control of endotracheal tube cuff pressure reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in one randomized controlled trial (rct) with 112 patients but not in another rct with 142 patients. in several guidelines on the prevention of vap, the use of a system for continuous or intermittent control of endotracheal cuff pressure is not reviewed. the objective of this study was to compare the incidence of vap in a large sample of patients (n = 284) ... | 2014 | 24751286 |
| comparison of the theoretical and real-world evolutionary potential of a genetic circuit. | with the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, many large scale experimental efforts aim to map genotypic variability among individuals. this natural variability in populations fuels many fundamental biological processes, ranging from evolutionary adaptation and speciation to the spread of genetic diseases and drug resistance. an interesting and important component of this variability is present within the regulatory regions of genes. as these regions evolve, accumulated mutati ... | 2014 | 24685590 |
| oxa-48 carbapenemase-producing salmonella enterica serovar kentucky isolate of sequence type 198 in a patient transferred from libya to switzerland. | here, we report a case of oxa-48-producing salmonella enterica serovar kentucky of sequence type 198 (st198) from perianal screening cultures of a patient transferred from libya to switzerland. the blaoxa-48 gene was carried by tn1999.2 and located on an ∼60-kb incl/m plasmid. this salmonella strain also possessed the blaveb-8, aac(6)-ib, tet(a), sul1, and mpha resistance genes and substitutions in gyra (ser83phe and asp87asn) and parc (ser80ile). this finding emphasizes that prompt screening st ... | 2014 | 24468781 |
| acute pyelonephritis in renal allografts: a new role for micrornas? | acute pyelonephritis (apn) versus acute rejection (ar) is a frequently encountered diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in kidney transplants. variable culture results, overlapping histologic features, and persistent graft dysfunction despite antibiotics are frequently encountered. therefore, we explored the utility of intragraft microrna profiles to distinguish between allograft apn and ar. | 2014 | 24521778 |
| incidence, pathogens and resistance patterns of nosocomial infections at a rural hospital in gabon. | nosocomial infections pose substantial risk to patients receiving care in hospitals. in africa, this problem is aggravated by inadequate infection control due to poor hygiene, resource and structural constraints, deficient surveillance data and lack of awareness regarding nosocomial infections. we carried out this study to determine the incidence and spectrum of nosocomial infections, pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in a tertiary regional hospital in lambaréné, gabon. | 2014 | 24592922 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against gram-negative organisms collected from u.s. medical centers in 2012. | the activities of the novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents were evaluated against a contemporary collection of clinically significant gram-negative bacilli. avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits ambler class a, c, and some d enzymes. a total of 10,928 gram-negative bacilli-8,640 enterobacteriaceae, 1,967 pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 321 acinetobacter sp. isolates-were collected from 73 u.s. hospitals and teste ... | 2014 | 24379201 |
| in vitro activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam against 372 gram-negative bacilli collected in 2011 and 2012 from 11 teaching hospitals in china. | ceftazidime-avibactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and comparators were tested by reference broth microdilution against 372 nonrepetitive gram-negative bacilli (346 unselected plus 26 selected meropenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae isolates) collected from 11 teaching hospitals in china in 2011 and 2012. meropenem-nonsusceptible isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls; e.g., ctx-m-14/3), ampcs (e.g., cmy-2), and/or carbapenemases (e.g., kpc-2 and ndm-1). avibactam potentiated the a ... | 2014 | 24342639 |
| evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid detection of β-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae derived from blood cultures. | the identification of pathogens directly from blood cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) can be a valuable tool for improving the treatment of patients with sepsis and bacteremia. however, the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria makes it difficult to predict resistance patterns based only on pathogen identification. most therapy regimens for sepsis caused by gram-negative rods consist of at least on ... | 2014 | 24403301 |
| carriage prevalence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in stool samples: a surveillance study. | with more people being exposed to antibiotics, intestinal microflora faces constant pressure of antibiotic selection, which has resulted in the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. this may pose a severe problem as intestinal enterobacteriaceae members are commonly implicated in human infections. | 2014 | 24611074 |
| neonatal citrobacter koseri meningitis: report of four cases. | citrobacter koseri is a rare cause of neonatal meningitis with predisposal for brain abscesses, and therefore responsible for high mortality and serious neurologic sequelae in this age group. we present the evolution and outcome of four cases of c. koseri meningitis. one of them developed brain abscesses and another one died. the cases show the bacteria's propensity for serious brain damage, despite early and adequate treatment, and the high risk of long-term neurologic complications in survivor ... | 2014 | 24716069 |
| same day identification and full panel antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria from positive blood culture bottles made possible by a combined lysis-filtration method with maldi-tof vitek mass spectrometry and the vitek2 system. | rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms causing bloodstream infections or sepsis have the potential to improve patient care. this proof-of-principle study evaluates the lysis-filtration method for identification as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria directly from positive blood culture bottles in a clinical setting. a total of 100 non-duplicated positive blood cultures were tested and 1012 microorganism-antimicrobial combinations were ... | 2014 | 24551067 |
| commentary. | | 2014 | 24741258 |
| detection of ampc β lactamases in gram-negative bacteria. | ampc β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and β-lactamase inhibitor/β-lactam combinations. the increase in antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria is a notable example of how bacteria can procure, maintain and express new genetic information that can confer resistance to one or several antibiotics. det ... | 2014 | 24696552 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli from intra-abdominal infections in patients from seven regions in china in 2012 and 2013. | to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli that caused hospital-acquired and community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (iais) in china between 2012 and 2013, we determined the susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobials and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) statuses of 3,540 iai isolates from seven geographic areas in china in a central laboratory using clsi broth microdilution and interpretive standards. most infections were caused by escherichia coli (46.3%) and ... | 2015 | 26482308 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli from intra-abdominal infections in patients from seven regions in china in 2012 and 2013. | to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli that caused hospital-acquired and community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (iais) in china between 2012 and 2013, we determined the susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobials and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) statuses of 3,540 iai isolates from seven geographic areas in china in a central laboratory using clsi broth microdilution and interpretive standards. most infections were caused by escherichia coli (46.3%) and ... | 2015 | 26482308 |
| safe and effective deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors using topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel (gk567): a multicenter, open-label, phase iii study (rdt.07.sre.27013). | malignant fungating tumors are neoplastic tumors associated with skin ulcers, which are susceptible to microbial colonization. bacterial infection and proliferation may lead to malodor causing distress to patients. metronidazole-an effective agent against anaerobes-may contribute to deodorization and improvement in quality of life (qol). this study investigated the efficacy and safety of topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel for alleviation of malodor in anaerobically infected fungating neoplastic tu ... | 2015 | 26715293 |
| safe and effective deodorization of malodorous fungating tumors using topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel (gk567): a multicenter, open-label, phase iii study (rdt.07.sre.27013). | malignant fungating tumors are neoplastic tumors associated with skin ulcers, which are susceptible to microbial colonization. bacterial infection and proliferation may lead to malodor causing distress to patients. metronidazole-an effective agent against anaerobes-may contribute to deodorization and improvement in quality of life (qol). this study investigated the efficacy and safety of topical metronidazole 0.75 % gel for alleviation of malodor in anaerobically infected fungating neoplastic tu ... | 2015 | 26715293 |
| prevalence of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial susceptibility among diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled glycemia in kuwait. | diabetic patients have higher risk of urinary tract infection (uti). in the present study, we investigated the impact of glycemic control in diabetic patients on uti prevalence, type of strains, and their antimicrobial drugs susceptibility. this study was conducted on urine samples from 722 adult diabetic patients from which 252 (35%) samples were positive for uropathogens. most uti cases occurred in the uncontrolled glycemic group (197 patients) versus 55 patients with controlled glycemia. high ... | 2015 | 26844231 |
| prevalence of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial susceptibility among diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled glycemia in kuwait. | diabetic patients have higher risk of urinary tract infection (uti). in the present study, we investigated the impact of glycemic control in diabetic patients on uti prevalence, type of strains, and their antimicrobial drugs susceptibility. this study was conducted on urine samples from 722 adult diabetic patients from which 252 (35%) samples were positive for uropathogens. most uti cases occurred in the uncontrolled glycemic group (197 patients) versus 55 patients with controlled glycemia. high ... | 2015 | 26844231 |
| ycgc represents a new protein deacetylase family in prokaryotes. | reversible lysine acetylation is one of the most important protein posttranslational modifications that plays essential roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. however, only a few lysine deacetylases (kdacs) have been identified in prokaryotes, perhaps in part due to their limited sequence homology. herein, we developed a 'clip-chip' strategy to enable unbiased, activity-based discovery of novel kdacs in the escherichia coli proteome. in-depth biochemical characterization confirmed that ycgc i ... | 2015 | 26716769 |
| clinical performance of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry method for detection of certain blakpc-containing plasmids. | rapid detection of blakpc-containing organisms can significantly impact infection control and clinical practices, as well as therapeutic choices. current molecular and phenotypic methods to detect these organisms, however, require additional testing beyond routine organism identification. in this study, we evaluated the clinical performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) to detect pkpqil_p019 (p019)-an ∼11,109-da protein associated ... | 2015 | 26338858 |
| clinical performance of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry method for detection of certain blakpc-containing plasmids. | rapid detection of blakpc-containing organisms can significantly impact infection control and clinical practices, as well as therapeutic choices. current molecular and phenotypic methods to detect these organisms, however, require additional testing beyond routine organism identification. in this study, we evaluated the clinical performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) to detect pkpqil_p019 (p019)-an ∼11,109-da protein associated ... | 2015 | 26338858 |
| restriction profiling of 23s microheterogenic ribosomal repeats for detection and characterizing of e. coli and their clonal, pathogenic, and phylogroups. | correlating ribosomal microheterogenicity with unique restriction profiles can prove to be an efficacious and cost-effective approach compared with sequencing for microbial identification. an attempt to peruse restriction profiling of 23s ribosomal assemblage was ventured; digestion patterns with bfa i discriminated e. coli from its colony morphovars, while hae iii profiles assisted in establishing distinct clonal groups. among the gene pool of 399 ribosomal sequences extrapolated from 57 e. col ... | 2015 | 26885397 |
| associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of high mobility group box 1 protein and clinical outcomes in korean sepsis patients. | high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. we investigated the associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp; rs1045411) in hmgb1 with various clinical parameters, severity, and prognosis in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. | 2015 | 26632390 |
| associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of high mobility group box 1 protein and clinical outcomes in korean sepsis patients. | high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. we investigated the associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp; rs1045411) in hmgb1 with various clinical parameters, severity, and prognosis in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. | 2015 | 26632390 |
| predictors of bacteraemia in patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia. | the diagnostic yield of blood cultures is limited in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). yet, positive blood culture results provide important information for antibiotic treatment and for monitoring epidemiologic trends. we investigated the potential of clinical predictors to improve the cost-benefit ratio of obtaining blood cultures. | 2015 | 26599636 |
| laboratory-based nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in ghana. | global efforts are underway to combat antimicrobial resistance (amr). a key target in this intervention is surveillance for local and national action. data on amr in ghana are limited, and monitoring of amr is nonexistent. we sought to generate baseline data on amr, and to assess the readiness of ghana in laboratory-based surveillance. biomedical scientists in laboratories across ghana with capacity to perform bacteriological culture were selected and trained. in-house standard operating protoco ... | 2015 | 26604806 |
| in vitro activities of ceftazidime-avibactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and a panel of older and contemporary antimicrobial agents against carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli. | among 177 carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli (108 kpc, 32 ndm, 11 imp, 8 oxa-48, 4 oxa-181, 2 oxa-232, 5 imi, 4 vim, and 3 sme producers), aztreonam-avibactam was active against all isolates except two ndm producers with elevated mics of 8/4 and 16/4 mg/liter; ceftazidime-avibactam was active against all kpc-, imi-, sme-, and most oxa-48 group-producing isolates (93%) but not metallo-β-lactamase producers. among older and contemporary antimicrobials, the most active were colistin, tig ... | 2015 | 26392487 |
| community-acquired pneumonia and empyema caused by citrobacter koseri in an immunocompetent patient. | citrobacter species, belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, are environmental organisms commonly found in soil, water, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. citrobacter koseri is known to be an uncommon but serious cause of both sporadic and epidemic septicemia and meningitis in neonates and young infants. most cases reported have occurred in immunocompromised hosts. the infections caused by citrobacter are difficult to treat with usual broad spectrum antibiotics owing to rapid g ... | 2015 | 26634165 |
| does percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy increase the incidence of sternal wound infection - a single center retrospective of 4100 cases. | the impact of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (pdt) on the development of post-median sternotomy wound infection (swi) and mediastinitis is still controversial. we aimed to investigate the frequency of cross-infection and incidence of swi after pdt. | 2015 | 26546171 |
| diverse mechanisms of post-transcriptional repression by the small rna regulator of glucose-phosphate stress. | the escherichia coli small rna sgrs controls a metabolic stress response that occurs upon accumulation of certain glycolytic intermediates. sgrs base pairs with and represses translation of ptsg and manxyz mrnas, which encode sugar transporters, and activates translation of yigl mrna, encoding a sugar phosphatase. this study defines four new genes as direct targets of e. coli sgrs. these new targets, asd, adiy, fole and purr, encode transcription factors or enzymes of diverse metabolic pathways, ... | 2015 | 26411266 |
| diverse mechanisms of post-transcriptional repression by the small rna regulator of glucose-phosphate stress. | the escherichia coli small rna sgrs controls a metabolic stress response that occurs upon accumulation of certain glycolytic intermediates. sgrs base pairs with and represses translation of ptsg and manxyz mrnas, which encode sugar transporters, and activates translation of yigl mrna, encoding a sugar phosphatase. this study defines four new genes as direct targets of e. coli sgrs. these new targets, asd, adiy, fole and purr, encode transcription factors or enzymes of diverse metabolic pathways, ... | 2015 | 26411266 |
| early divergent strains of yersinia pestis in eurasia 5,000 years ago. | the bacteria yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. how and when it originated remains contentious. here, we report the oldest direct evidence of yersinia pestis identified by ancient dna in human teeth from asia and europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago. by sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known yersinia pestis. we find the origins of the yersinia pestis ... | 2015 | 26496604 |
| endometriosis in a kidney with focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and a perinephric abscess. | the presence of endometriosis in the kidney is extremely rare. we report a case of endometriosis in renal parenchyma incidentally found in a malfunctioning kidney removed because of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. | 2015 | 26490542 |
| characterization of genetic structures of the qepa3 gene in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | qepa is one of the genes that confer quinolone resistance in bacteria. the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic structures of plasmids that carry a qepa3, a recently discovered allele of qepa in enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. 656 non-redundant enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were screened for the qepa3 gene and five isolates were identified to carry the gene. plasmids were isolated from these isolates and were found to increase antibiotic resistance once the plasmids were tra ... | 2015 | 26528280 |
| management of meningitis caused by multi drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii: clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic results in a patient treated with colistin methanesulfonate. | this paper reports on a 71- year-old caucasian male who underwent neurosurgery for an oligodendroglioma, followed by a cranial-sinus fistula and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. the clinical course was complicated due to an extensively drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. the patient was treated with colistin methanesulfonate, intrathecal for 24 days and intravenous for 46 days. in addition, the patient received meropenem and teicoplanin to treat a urinary tract infection and a bact ... | 2015 | 26543524 |
| capsular profiling of the cronobacter genus and the association of specific cronobacter sakazakii and c. malonaticus capsule types with neonatal meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. | cronobacter sakazakii and c. malonaticus can cause serious diseases especially in infants where they are associated with rare but fatal neonatal infections such as meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis. | 2015 | 26449318 |
| adverse events associated with fosfomycin use: review of the literature and analyses of the fda adverse event reporting system database. | the growing problem of antibacterial resistance resulted in an increased interest in fosfomycin, especially its parenteral formulation. we reviewed fosfomycin safety profile using the food and drug administration adverse event (ae) reporting system (faers) and published literature. | 2015 | 26437630 |
| the pla gene, encoding plasminogen activator, is not specific to yersinia pestis. | here we present evidence to show that the pla gene, previously thought to be specific to yersinia pestis, occurs in some strains of citrobacter koseri and escherichia coli. this means that detection of this gene on its own can no longer be taken as evidence of detection of y. pestis. | 2015 | 26438258 |
| bacteriological profile of surgical site infections and their antibiogram: a study from resource constrained rural setting of uttarakhand state, india. | surgical site infections (ssi) constitute a major public health problem worldwide and are the second most frequently reported nosocomial infections. they are responsible for increasing the treatment cost, length of hospital stay and significant morbidity and mortality. | 2015 | 26557520 |
| evaluation of the rapidec carba np test for detection of carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae. | this study evaluated the performance of the rapidec carba np test, which was introduced recently into the market for the detection of carbapenemase production in a broad spectrum of β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. in total, 252 clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates that had been genetically characterized with respect to carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl), and ampc genes were analyzed; 51/252 isolates (20.2%) were genetically confirmed to be carbapenema ... | 2015 | 26424840 |
| detection of carbapenemases in clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates using the vitek ast-n202 card. | the rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in clinical microbiology laboratories is essential for the treatment and control of infections caused by these microorganisms. this study was performed to evaluate the ability of the vitek ast-n202 card to detect cpe isolates. | 2015 | 26483990 |
| characterization of the bacterioferritin/bacterioferritin associated ferredoxin protein-protein interaction in solution and determination of binding energy hot spots. | mobilization of iron stored in the interior cavity of bfrb requires electron transfer from the [2fe−2s] cluster in bfd to the core iron in bfrb. a crystal structure of the pseudomonas aeruginosa bfrb:bfd complex revealed that bfrb can bind up to 12 bfd molecules at 12 structurally identical binding sites, placing the [2fe−2s] cluster of each bfd immediately above a heme group in bfrb [yao, h., et al. (2012) j. am. chem. soc., 134, 13470−13481]. we report here study aimed at characterizing the st ... | 2015 | 26368531 |
| clinical performance of check-direct cpe, a multiplex pcr for direct detection of bla(kpc), bla(ndm) and/or bla(vim), and bla(oxa)-48 from perirectal swabs. | we evaluated the clinical performance of check-direct cpe for carbapenemase detection directly from 301 perirectal swabs (258 patients) in a nonoutbreak setting. culture of a pcr-confirmed, carbapenemase-containing organism, or history of colonization with such organism within the previous 2 weeks, was used as the reference standard. check-direct cpe demonstrated a sensitivity value, specificity value, positive predictive value (ppv), and negative predictive value (npv) of 100% (all bla(kpc)), 8 ... | 2015 | 26338860 |
| rapid screening for carbapenem resistant organisms: current results and future approaches. | carbapenem producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) is a major public health threat. a total of 120 carbapenem resistant e.coli (n=32) and k.pneumoniae (n=88) from blood stream infections were screened for the presence of carbapenem resistant genes kpc, ndm, imp, vim, and oxa-48 like using both conventional multiplex pcr and xpert(®) carba-r test. additionally 26 faeces samples were directly screened with xpert(®) carba-r test. of the tested isolates, 40% (n=48) of ndm and 39.2% (n=47/) of oxa-48-like ... | 2015 | 26500909 |
| a comparative analysis of odontogenic maxillofacial infections in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: an institutional study. | the increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an outcome of evolution. most patients presenting with odontogenic space infections also have associated systemic co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus resulting in impaired host defense. the present study aims to compare the odontogenic spaces involved, antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms, length of hospital stay, and the infl uence of systemic comorbidities on treatment outcome in diabetic patients. | 2015 | 26339575 |
| mobile genetic elements related to the diffusion of plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamases or carbapenemases from enterobacteriaceae: findings from a multicenter study in spain. | we examined the genetic context of 74 acquired ampc genes and 17 carbapenemase genes from 85 of 640 enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 2009. using s1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridization, 37 of 74 bla ampc genes were located on large plasmids of different sizes belonging to six incompatibility groups. we used sequencing and pcr mapping to investigate the regions flanking the acquired ampc genes. the bla cmy-2-like genes were associated with isecp1; the surrounding bl ... | 2015 | 26077249 |
| ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by commensal oropharyngeal flora; [corrected] a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. | the significance of commensal oropharyngeal flora (cof) as a potential cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is scarcely investigated and consequently unknown. therefore, the aim of this study was to explore whether cof may cause vap. | 2015 | 26264828 |
| neuron-astrocyte interactions in neurodegenerative diseases: role of neuroinflammation. | selective neuron loss in discrete brain regions is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative disorders, although the mechanisms responsible for this regional vulnerability of neurons remain largely unknown. earlier studies attributed neuron dysfunction and eventual loss during neurodegenerative diseases as exclusively cell autonomous. although cell-intrinsic factors are one critical aspect in dictating neuron death, recent evidence also supports the involvement of other central nervous system cell ... | 2015 | 26543505 |
| impact of sepsis classification and multidrug-resistance status on outcome among patients treated with appropriate therapy. | to assess the impact of sepsis classification and multidrug-resistance status on outcome in patients receiving appropriate initial antibiotic therapy. | 2015 | 25855900 |
| urinary tract infections in women with stress urinary incontinence treated with transobturator suburethral tape and benefit gained from the sublingual polibacterial vaccine. | stress urinary incontinence (sui) and recurrent urinary tract infections (rutis) are highly prevalent diseases. our purpose was to investigate the relationship between rutis and surgical correction of sui with transobturator suburethral tape (tot) and to describe the benefit gained from a sublingual polibacterial preparation on rutis developed after tot. | 2015 | 26445597 |
| evaluation of two phenotypic screening tests for carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | we evaluated the performance of two rapid tests for detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) strains. the sensitivities and the specificities were 97.6% and 94.4% for the rapid carb screen and 98.8% and 93.1% for the kpc/mbl & oxa-48 confirm tests, providing the usefulness of these tools for screening cpe in microbiology wards. | 2015 | 26224841 |
| human microbiota. small molecules from the human microbiota. | developments in the use of genomics to guide natural product discovery and a recent emphasis on understanding the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-host interactions have converged on the discovery of small molecules from the human microbiome. here, we review what is known about small molecules produced by the human microbiota. numerous molecules representing each of the major metabolite classes have been found that have a variety of biological activities, including immune modulation and antibi ... | 2015 | 26206939 |
| neonatal brain abscess: an atypical presentation. | brain abscesses occur as an uncommon complication of bacterial meningitis in the neonatal period. a 34 weeks preterm at-risk neonate presented with abnormal breathing pattern and inability to maintain the oxygen saturation in room air. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) study revealed intra-parenchymal brain abscesses in the left basal ganglion and bilateral fronto-parietal regions. intravenous piperacillin - tazobactam was commenced and continued for 6 weeks in neonatal intensive care unit. no su ... | 2015 | 26557178 |
| occurrence and characterization of cronobacter spp. in dehydrated rice powder from chinese supermarket. | cronobacter spp. are emerging food-borne pathogens and have been identified as causative agents of meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. dehydrated rice is popular with a wide range of people and it is frequently used as a substitute for infant milk powder to baby older than four months. the occurrence of cronobacter spp. was investigated in 1,012 samples of dehydrated rice powder collected from 14 manufacturers in china during 2010 to 2012. the isolates were identified using fusa ... | 2015 | 26132635 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum: a rare cause of pyogenic liver abscess. | while pyogenic liver abscesses are uncommon, they are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. most pyogenic liver abscesses are polymicrobial and are caused by enteric bacteria and anaerobes. rarely, mono-microbial infections may occur, typically in immunocompromised individuals. we report the unusual case of a 69 year-old immunocompetent female who developed a pyogenic liver abscess due to fusobacterium nucleatum infection, likely from a dental source. poor oropharyngeal hygiene se ... | 2015 | 26101735 |
| dominance of imp-4-producing enterobacter cloacae among carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in australia. | the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) has been increasing worldwide. blaimp has been reported to be the predominant carbapenemase-encoding gene within enterobacteriaceae in australia. however, there are limited data currently available on cpe from queensland, australia. a total of 58 cpe isolates were isolated between july 2009 and march 2014 from queensland hospitals. the clonality of isolates was determined by diversilab repetitive sequence-based pcr. the isolates ... | 2015 | 25918153 |
| early detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase from blood culture positive for an enterobacteriaceae using βlacta test. | bacterial pellets from enterobacteriaceae positive blood cultures prepared using ammonium chloride were tested for rapid detection of β-lactamase using the commercial βlacta test and read after 30 minutes. during 7 months, 137 bacterial pellets were tested prospectively. βlacta test exhibited a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of third-generation cephalosporin resistance. false negative tests were mainly observed with hyperproduced chromosomal or plasmid-borne ampc. | 2015 | 26380714 |
| comparison of sublingual therapeutic vaccine with antibiotics for the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. | to compare the clinical impact of a prophylactic treatment with sublingual immunostimulation in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (rutis) with the use of antibiotics. | 2015 | 26090341 |
| antimicrobial tolerance in biofilms. | the tolerance of microorganisms in biofilms to antimicrobial agents is examined through a meta-analysis of literature data. a numerical tolerance factor comparing the rates of killing in the planktonic and biofilm states is defined to provide a quantitative basis for the analysis. tolerance factors for biocides and antibiotics range over three orders of magnitude. this variation is not explained by taking into account the molecular weight of the agent, the chemistry of the agent, the substratum ... | 2015 | 26185072 |
| bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in the surgery wards of a large teaching hospital in southern italy. | surgical infections represent an increasingly important problem for the national health system. in this study we retrospectively evaluated the bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the microorganisms concerned as well as the utilization of antibiotics in the general and emergency surgery wards of a large teaching hospital in southern italy in the period 2011-2013. | 2015 | 26075047 |
| direct identification of urinary tract pathogens from urine samples using the vitek ms system based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | we evaluated the coincidence rate between vitek ms system (biomérieux, france) and vitek 2 in identifying uropathogens directly from urine specimens. | 2015 | 26131413 |
| identification and clinical significance of helcococcus kunzii in human samples. | from 2008 to 2013, 39 helcococcus kunzii strains were collected from human clinical specimens (79% from foot ulcers), and 85% of the 39 patients were infected. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry and molecular methods accurately identified all isolates. this large study of clinical observations confirms the potential pathogenic role of h. kunzii. | 2015 | 25994161 |
| evaluation of new biomérieux chromogenic cps media for detection of urinary tract pathogens. | four chromogenic media were compared for their ability to detect urinary tract pathogens in 299 urine specimens, of which 175 were found positive, allowing the growth of 279 microorganisms. after 18 to 24 h of incubation, the cps id4, cpse, cpso (biomérieux), and uriselect4 (bio-rad) media showed sensitivities of 97.1%, 99.3%, 99.6%, and 99.6%, respectively. | 2015 | 25994162 |
| effect of enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | in this study, the effects of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (epa), γ-linolenic acid (gla), and antioxidants were compared with a standard enteral diet in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). | 2015 | 26015869 |