| isolation and characterization of atrazine mineralizing bacillus subtilis strain hb-6. | atrazine is a widely used herbicide with great environmental concern due to its high potential to contaminate soil and waters. an atrazine-degrading bacterial strain hb-6 was isolated from industrial wastewater and the 16s rrna gene sequencing identified hb-6 as a bacillus subtilis. pcr assays indicated that hb-6 contained atrazine-degrading genes trzn, atzb and atzc. the strain hb-6 was capable of utilizing atrazine and cyanuric acid as a sole nitrogen source for growth and even cleaved the s-t ... | 2014 | 25238246 |
| synonymous codon bias and functional constraint on gc3-related dna backbone dynamics in the prokaryotic nucleoid. | while mrna stability has been demonstrated to control rates of translation, generating both global and local synonymous codon biases in many unicellular organisms, this explanation cannot adequately explain why codon bias strongly tracks neighboring intergene gc content; suggesting that structural dynamics of dna might also influence codon choice. because minor groove width is highly governed by 3-base periodicity in gc, the existence of triplet-based codons might imply a functional role for the ... | 2014 | 25200075 |
| rhamnolipid biosurfactants-past, present, and future scenario of global market. | | 2014 | 25228898 |
| degradation of toluene by ortho cleavage enzymes in burkholderia fungorum flu100. | burkholderia fungorum flu100 simultaneously oxidized any mixture of toluene, benzene and mono-halogen benzenes to (3-substituted) catechols with a selectivity of nearly 100%. further metabolism occurred via enzymes of ortho cleavage pathways with complete mineralization. during the transformation of 3-methylcatechol, 4-carboxymethyl-2-methylbut-2-en-4-olide (2-methyl-2-enelactone, 2-ml) accumulated transiently, being further mineralized only after a lag phase of 2 h in case of cells pre-grown on ... | 2014 | 25130674 |
| degradation of toluene by ortho cleavage enzymes in burkholderia fungorum flu100. | burkholderia fungorum flu100 simultaneously oxidized any mixture of toluene, benzene and mono-halogen benzenes to (3-substituted) catechols with a selectivity of nearly 100%. further metabolism occurred via enzymes of ortho cleavage pathways with complete mineralization. during the transformation of 3-methylcatechol, 4-carboxymethyl-2-methylbut-2-en-4-olide (2-methyl-2-enelactone, 2-ml) accumulated transiently, being further mineralized only after a lag phase of 2 h in case of cells pre-grown on ... | 2014 | 25130674 |
| structural and functional analysis show that the escherichia coli uncharacterized protein yjcs is likely an alkylsulfatase. | sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) is a widely used anionic surfactant in industry and research settings, and is known to have a detrimental effect to the environment. the pathway of sds degradation by bacteria is initiated by an alkylsulfatase and the oxidized product, 1-dodecanoic acid, subsequently enters into the β-oxidation pathway and is used as a carbon source. in this work, we solved the crystal structure of escherichia coli uncharacterized protein yjcs and identified that it belongs to the ty ... | 2014 | 25066955 |
| antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated within the oral flora of florida blacktip sharks: guidance for empiric antibiotic therapy. | sharks possess a variety of pathogenic bacteria in their oral cavity that may potentially be transferred into humans during a bite. the aim of the presented study focused on the identification of the bacteria present in the mouths of live blacktip sharks, carcharhinus limbatus, and the extent that these bacteria possess multi-drug resistance. swabs were taken from the oral cavity of nineteen live blacktip sharks, which were subsequently released. the average fork length was 146 cm (±11), suggest ... | 2014 | 25110948 |
| does netosis contribute to the bacterial pathoadaptation in cystic fibrosis? | significant advances in our understanding of neutrophil biology were made in the past several years. the exciting discovery that neutrophils deploy neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) to catch pathogens paved the way for a series of additional studies to define the molecular mechanisms of net generation and the biological significance of netosis in acute and chronic pathologic conditions. this review highlights the latest knowledge regarding net structures, deployment, and function, with an em ... | 2014 | 25157250 |
| identification of a novel nidovirus in an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in ball pythons (python regius). | respiratory infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in reptiles; however, the causative agents are only infrequently identified. | 2014 | 25106433 |
| study of the structure-function-stability relationships in yeast d-amino acid oxidase: hydrophobization of alpha-helices. | hydrophobization of alpha-helices is one of the general approaches used for improving the thermal stability of enzymes. a total of 11 serine residues located in alpha-helices have been found based on multiple alignments of the amino acid sequences of d-amino acid oxidases from different organisms and the analysis of the 3d-structure of d-amino acid oxidase from yeast trigonopsis variabilis (tvdaao, ec 1.4.3.3). as a result of further structural analysis, eight ser residues in 67, 77, 78, 105, 27 ... | 2014 | 25349716 |
| identification and characterization of the spiruchostatin biosynthetic gene cluster enable yield improvement by overexpressing a transcriptional activator. | spiruchostatins a and b are members of the fk228-family of natural products with potent histone deacetylase inhibitory activities and antineoplastic activities. however, their production in the wild-type strain of pseudomonas sp. q71576 is low. to improve the yield, the spiruchostatin biosynthetic gene cluster (spi) was first identified by rapid genome sequencing and characterized by genetic mutations. this spi gene cluster encodes a hybrid biosynthetic pathway similar to that encoded by the fk2 ... | 2014 | 24973954 |
| comparison of bacterial community structure and dynamics during the thermophilic composting of different types of solid wastes: anaerobic digestion residue, pig manure and chicken manure. | this study investigated the impact of composting substrate types on the bacterial community structure and dynamics during composting processes. to this end, pig manure (pm), chicken manure (cm), a mixture of pm and cm (pm + cm), and a mixture of pm, cm and anaerobic digestion residue (adr) (pm + cm + adr) were selected for thermophilic composting. the bacterial community structure and dynamics during the composting process were detected and analysed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradie ... | 2014 | 24963997 |
| a novel peptidoglycan binding protein crucial for pbp1a-mediated cell wall biogenesis in vibrio cholerae. | the bacterial cell wall, which is comprised of a mesh of polysaccharide strands crosslinked via peptide bridges (peptidoglycan, pg), is critical for maintenance of cell shape and survival. pg assembly is mediated by a variety of penicillin binding proteins (pbp) whose fundamental activities have been characterized in great detail; however, there is limited knowledge of the factors that modulate their activities in different environments or growth phases. in vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, ... | 2014 | 24945690 |
| microbial community structures and dynamics in the o3/bac drinking water treatment process. | effectiveness of drinking water treatment, in particular pathogen control during the water treatment process, is always a major public health concern. in this investigation, the application of pcr-dgge technology to the analysis of microbial community structures and dynamics in the drinking water treatment process revealed several dominant microbial populations including: α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, actinobacteria firmicutes and cyanobacteria. α-proteobac ... | 2014 | 24937529 |
| melioidosis presenting as lymphadenitis: a case report. | melioidosis is an infection caused by the facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium; burkholderia pseudomallei. it gives rise to protean clinical manifestations and has a varied prognosis. although it was rare in sri lanka increasing numbers of cases are being reported with high morbidity and mortality. here we report a case of melioidosis presenting with lymphadenitis which was diagnosed early and treated promptly with a good outcome. | 2014 | 24927768 |
| from community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic bacteroidetes generalists. | the microbiota of multi-pond solar salterns around the world has been analyzed using a variety of culture-dependent and molecular techniques. however, studies addressing the dynamic nature of these systems are very scarce. here we have characterized the temporal variation during 1 year of the microbiota of five ponds with increasing salinity (from 18% to >40%), by means of card-fish and dgge. microbial community structure was statistically correlated with several environmental parameters, includ ... | 2014 | 24926861 |
| from community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic bacteroidetes generalists. | the microbiota of multi-pond solar salterns around the world has been analyzed using a variety of culture-dependent and molecular techniques. however, studies addressing the dynamic nature of these systems are very scarce. here we have characterized the temporal variation during 1 year of the microbiota of five ponds with increasing salinity (from 18% to >40%), by means of card-fish and dgge. microbial community structure was statistically correlated with several environmental parameters, includ ... | 2014 | 24926861 |
| a novel, nested, multiplex, real-time pcr for detection of bacteria and fungi in blood. | the study describes the application of the pcr method for the simultaneous detection of dna of gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, yeast fungi and filamentous fungi in blood and, thus, a whole range of microbial etiological agents that may cause sepsis. material for the study was sterile blood inoculated with four species of microorganisms (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus) and blood collected from patients with clinical symptoms of ... | 2014 | 24893651 |
| teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries. | indigenous microbiota play a critical role in the lives of their vertebrate hosts. in human and mouse models it is increasingly clear that innate and adaptive immunity develop in close concert with the commensal microbiome. furthermore, several aspects of digestion and nutrient metabolism are governed by intestinal microbiota. research on teleosts has responded relatively slowly to the introduction of massively parallel sequencing procedures in microbiomics. nonetheless, progress has been made i ... | 2014 | 24917852 |
| the gut microbiota of larvae of rhynchophorus ferrugineus oliver (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the red palm weevil (rpw) rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera: curculionidae) is one of the major pests of palms. the larvae bore into the palm trunk and feed on the palm tender tissues and sap, leading the host tree to death. the gut microbiota of insects plays a remarkable role in the host life and understanding the relationship dynamics between insects and their microbiota may improve the biological control of insect pests. the purpose of this study was to analyse the diversity of t ... | 2014 | 24884866 |
| evolving epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a two-year observational study. | current recommendations for empirical antimicrobial therapy in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) are based on quite old trials. since microbial epidemiology and the management of patients have changed, whether these recommendations are still appropriate must be confirmed. | 2014 | 24884471 |
| u2 snrnp is required for expression of the 3' end of genes. | pre-mrna in eukaryotes is subjected to mrna processing, which includes capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. transcription and mrna processing are coupled, and this coupling stimulates mrna processing; however, the effects of mrna processing on transcription are not fully understood. in this study, we found that inhibition of u2 snrnp by a splicing inhibitor, spliceostatin a (ssa), or by an antisense oligonucleotide to u2 snrna, caused gene-specific 3'-end down-regulation. removal of ssa from ... | 2014 | 24845214 |
| quorum quenching mediated approaches for control of membrane biofouling. | membrane biofouling is widely acknowledged as the most frequent adverse event in wastewater treatment systems resulting in significant loss of treatment efficiency and economy. different strategies including physical cleaning and use of antimicrobial chemicals or antibiotics have been tried for reducing membrane biofouling. such traditional practices are aimed to eradicate biofilms or kill the bacteria involved, but the greater efficacy in membrane performance would be achieved by inhibiting bio ... | 2014 | 24910534 |
| the dimerization domain in dape enzymes is required for catalysis. | the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains underscores the importance of identifying new drug targets and developing new antimicrobial compounds. lysine and meso-diaminopimelic acid are essential for protein production and bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall remodeling and are synthesized in bacteria by enzymes encoded within dap operon. therefore dap enzymes may serve as excellent targets for developing a new class of antimicrobial agents. the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimel ... | 2014 | 24806882 |
| characterization and function of the first antibiotic isolated from a vent organism: the extremophile metazoan alvinella pompejana. | the emblematic hydrothermal worm alvinella pompejana is one of the most thermo tolerant animal known on earth. it relies on a symbiotic association offering a unique opportunity to discover biochemical adaptations that allow animals to thrive in such a hostile habitat. here, by studying the pompeii worm, we report on the discovery of the first antibiotic peptide from a deep-sea organism, namely alvinellacin. after purification and peptide sequencing, both the gene and the peptide tertiary struct ... | 2014 | 24776651 |
| fast and economic immobilization methods described for non-commercial pseudomonas lipases. | there is an increasing interest to seek new enzyme preparations for the development of new products derived from bioprocesses to obtain alternative bio-based materials. in this context, four non-commercial lipases from pseudomonas species were prepared, immobilized on different low-cost supports, and examined for potential biotechnological applications. | 2014 | 24755191 |
| microbial growth and carbon use efficiency in the rhizosphere and root-free soil. | plant-microbial interactions alter c and n balance in the rhizosphere and affect the microbial carbon use efficiency (cue)-the fundamental characteristic of microbial metabolism. estimation of cue in microbial hotspots with high dynamics of activity and changes of microbial physiological state from dormancy to activity is a challenge in soil microbiology. we analyzed respiratory activity, microbial dna content and cue by manipulation the c and nutrients availability in the soil under beta vulgar ... | 2014 | 24722409 |
| sepsis in intensive care unit patients with traumatic brain injury: factors associated with higher mortality. | patients with traumatic brain injury are particularly susceptible to sepsis, which may exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response and lead to organ dysfunction. the influence of clinical variables on the mortality of intensive care unit patients with traumatic brain injury and sepsis was investigated. | 2014 | 25028949 |
| classification of healthcare-associated infection: a systematic review 10 years after the first proposal. | ten years after the first proposal, a consensus definition of healthcare-associated infection (hcai) has not been reached, preventing the development of specific treatment recommendations. a systematic review of all definitions of hcai used in clinical studies is made. | 2014 | 24597462 |
| characterization of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from corynebacterium glutamicum and its impact on amino acid production. | corynebacterium glutamicum cg1790/pgk encodes an enzyme active as a 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) (ec 2.7.2.3) catalyzing phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (bpg) to adp to yield 3-phosphoglycerate (3-pg) and atp in substrate chain phosphorylation. | 2014 | 24593686 |
| comparison of substrate specificity of escherichia coli p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate hydrolase with pseudomonas carboxypeptidase g. | reduced folic acid derivatives support biosynthesis of dna, rna and amino acids in bacteria as well as in eukaryotes, including humans. while the genes and steps for bacterial folic acid synthesis are known, those associated with folic acid catabolism are not well understood. a folate catabolite found in both humans and bacteria is p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate (paba-glu). the enzyme p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate hydrolase (pgh) breaks down paba-glu and is part of an apparent operon, the abg region, in e. ... | 2014 | 27795973 |
| structural characterization of a hypothetical protein: a potential agent involved in trimethylamine metabolism in catenulispora acidiphila. | catenulispora acidiphila is a newly identified lineage of actinomycetes that produces antimicrobial activities and represents a promising source of novel antibiotics and secondary metabolites. among the discovered protein coding genes, 68 % were assigned a putative function, while the remaining 32 % are genes encoding "hypothetical" proteins. caci_0382 is one of the "hypothetical" proteins that has very few homologs. sequence analysis shows that the protein belongs to the ntf2-like protein famil ... | 2014 | 24562475 |
| genomics-based exploration of virulence determinants and host-specific adaptations of pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses. | the pseudomonas syringae species complex has recently been named the number one plant pathogen, due to its economic and environmental impacts, as well as for its role in scientific research. the bacterium has been repeatedly reported to cause outbreaks on bean, cucumber, stone fruit, kiwi and olive tree, as well as on other crop and non-crop plants. it also serves as a model organism for research on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and plant-pathogen interactions. while most of the current w ... | 2014 | 25437611 |
| pcrg protects the two long helical oligomerization domains of pcrv, by an interaction mediated by the intramolecular coiled-coil region of pcrg. | pcrv is a hydrophilic translocator of type three secretion system (ttss) and a structural component of the functional translocon. c-terminal helix of pcrv is essential for its oligomerization at the needle tip. conformational changes within pcrv regulate the effector translocation. pcrg is a cytoplasmic regulator of ttss and forms a high affinity complex with pcrv. c-terminal residues of pcrg control the effector secretion. | 2014 | 24460624 |
| a multidisciplinary intervention to reduce infections of esbl- and ampc-producing, gram-negative bacteria at a university hospital. | in response to a considerable increase in the infections caused by esbl/ampc-producing klebsiella pneumonia in 2008, a multidisciplinary intervention, with a main focus on antimicrobial stewardship, was carried out at one university hospital. four other hospitals were used as controls. stringent guidelines for antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis were disseminated throughout the intervention hospital; cephalosporins were restricted for prophylaxis use only, fluoroquinolones for empiric use in ... | 2014 | 24466106 |
| microbial enhanced heavy oil recovery by the aid of inhabitant spore-forming bacteria: an insight review. | crude oil is the major source of energy worldwide being exploited as a source of economy, including oman. as the price of crude oil increases and crude oil reserves collapse, exploitation of oil resources in mature reservoirs is essential for meeting future energy demands. as conventional recovery methods currently used have become less efficient for the needs, there is a continuous demand of developing a new technology which helps in the upgradation of heavy crude oil. microbial enhanced oil re ... | 2014 | 24550702 |
| ex situ diet influences the bacterial community associated with the skin of red-eyed tree frogs (agalychnis callidryas). | amphibians support symbiotic bacterial communities on their skin that protect against a range of infectious pathogens, including the amphibian chytrid fungus. the conditions under which amphibians are maintained in captivity (e.g. diet, substrate, enrichment) in ex situ conservation programmes may affect the composition of the bacterial community. in addition, ex situ amphibian populations may support different bacterial communities in comparison to in situ populations of the same species. this ... | 2014 | 24416427 |
| public health implications of contamination of franc cfa (xaf) circulating in buea (cameroon) with drug resistant pathogens. | studies in different parts of the world have implicated money as a vehicle for transmission of pathogens. such information which is necessary to facilitate infection control strategies is lacking in many sub-saharan countries including cameroon. this study analyzed the franc de la communauté financiere d'afrique (franc cfa), the currency used in cameroon and other countries in the central african sub-region, as a potential vehicle for transmission of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, particularly d ... | 2014 | 24401290 |
| encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis - a rare and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis: case series. | encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a pathological entity mainly associated with peritoneal dialysis (pd). the clinical syndrome is characterized by various degrees of intestinal obstruction due to thickening, sclerosis and calcification of peritoneum resulting in the encapsulation and cocooning of the bowel. it is a rare but potentially devastating complication associated with a considerable morbidity and mortality. | 2014 | 25870687 |
| prophylactic antibody treatment and intramuscular immunization reduce infectious human rhinovirus 16 load in the lower respiratory tract of challenged cotton rats. | human rhinoviruses (hrv) represent the single most important etiological agents of the common cold and are the most frequent cause of acute respiratory infections in humans. currently the performance of available animal models for immunization studies using hrv challenge is very limited. the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) is a well-recognized model for the study of human respiratory viral infections. in this work we show that, without requiring any genetic modification of either the host or the ... | 2014 | 25328560 |
| a lipid-accumulating alga maintains growth in outdoor, alkaliphilic raceway pond with mixed microbial communities. | algal biofuels and valuable co-products are being produced in both open and closed cultivation systems. growing algae in open pond systems may be a more economical alternative, but this approach allows environmental microorganisms to colonize the pond and potentially infect or outcompete the algal "crop." in this study, we monitored the microbial community of an outdoor, open raceway pond inoculated with a high lipid-producing alkaliphilic alga, chlorella vulgaris ba050. the strain c. vulgaris b ... | 2015 | 26779138 |
| a lipid-accumulating alga maintains growth in outdoor, alkaliphilic raceway pond with mixed microbial communities. | algal biofuels and valuable co-products are being produced in both open and closed cultivation systems. growing algae in open pond systems may be a more economical alternative, but this approach allows environmental microorganisms to colonize the pond and potentially infect or outcompete the algal "crop." in this study, we monitored the microbial community of an outdoor, open raceway pond inoculated with a high lipid-producing alkaliphilic alga, chlorella vulgaris ba050. the strain c. vulgaris b ... | 2015 | 26779138 |
| multi-disciplinary antimicrobial strategies for improving orthopaedic implants to prevent prosthetic joint infections in hip and knee. | like any foreign object, orthopaedic implants are susceptible to infection when introduced into the human body. without additional preventative measures, the absolute number of annual prosthetic joint infections will continue to rise, and may exceed the capacity of health care systems in the near future. bacteria are difficult to eradicate from synovial joints due to their exceptionally diverse taxonomy, complex mechanistic attachment capabilities, and tendency to evolve antibiotic resistance. w ... | 2015 | 26449208 |
| multi-disciplinary antimicrobial strategies for improving orthopaedic implants to prevent prosthetic joint infections in hip and knee. | like any foreign object, orthopaedic implants are susceptible to infection when introduced into the human body. without additional preventative measures, the absolute number of annual prosthetic joint infections will continue to rise, and may exceed the capacity of health care systems in the near future. bacteria are difficult to eradicate from synovial joints due to their exceptionally diverse taxonomy, complex mechanistic attachment capabilities, and tendency to evolve antibiotic resistance. w ... | 2015 | 26449208 |
| p accumulation and physiological responses to different high p regimes in polygonum hydropiper for understanding a p-phytoremediation strategy. | phosphorus (p) accumulators used for phytoremediation vary in their potential to acquire p from different high p regimes. growth and p accumulation in polygonum hydropiper were both dependent on an increasing level of ihp (1-8 mm p) and on a prolonged growth period (3-9 weeks), and those of the mining ecotype (me) were higher than the non-mining ecotype (nme). biomass increments in root, stem, and leaf of both ecotypes were significantly greater in ihp relative to other organic p (po) sources (g ... | 2015 | 26648137 |
| bioactivities by a crude extract from the greenlandic pseudomonas sp. in5 involves the nonribosomal peptides, nunamycin and nunapeptin. | background. bioactive microbial metabolites provide a successful source of novel compounds with pharmaceutical potentials. the bacterium pseudomonas sp. in5 is a biocontrol strain isolated from a plant disease suppressive soil in greenland, which produces two antimicrobial nonribosomal peptides (nrps), nunapeptin and nunamycin. methods. in this study, we used in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer bioassays to evaluate the potential bioactivities of both a crude extract derived from pseudomonas s ... | 2015 | 26734508 |
| a quick and robust method for quantification of the hypersensitive response in plants. | one of the most studied defense reactions of plants against microbial pathogens is the hypersensitive response (hr). the hr is a complex multicellular process that involves programmed cell death at the site of infection. a standard method to quantify plant defense and the hr is to measure the release of cellular electrolytes into water after infiltration with pathogenic bacteria. in this type of experiment, the bacteria are typically delivered into the plant tissue through syringe infiltration. ... | 2015 | 26734506 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial therapy of blood culture positive healthcare-associated infections in children. | knowledge of the quality of antimicrobial therapy (amt) used for invasive healthcare-associated infections (hais) in paediatrics is scarce. influence of the final information about the isolated pathogen on the subsequent targeted amt was investigated in our study. | 2015 | 26539831 |
| structure analysis uncovers a highly diverse but structurally conserved effector family in phytopathogenic fungi. | phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi possess huge effector repertoires that are dominated by hundreds of sequence-unrelated small secreted proteins. the molecular function of these effectors and the evolutionary mechanisms that generate this tremendous number of singleton genes are largely unknown. to get a deeper understanding of fungal effectors, we determined by nmr spectroscopy the 3-dimensional structures of the magnaporthe oryzae effectors avr1-co39 and avr-pia. despite a lack of sequence simi ... | 2015 | 26506000 |
| mechanism of aromatic amine carcinogen bypass by the y-family polymerase, dpo4. | bulky dna damage inhibits dna synthesis by replicative polymerases and often requires the action of error prone bypass polymerases. the exact mechanism governing adduct-induced mutagenesis and its dependence on the dna sequence context remains unclear. in this work, we characterize dpo4 binding conformations and activity with dna templates modified with the carcinogenic dna adducts, 2-aminofluoene (af) or n-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (aaf), using single-molecule fret (smfret) analysis and dna synthe ... | 2015 | 26481355 |
| port site infection in laparoscopic surgery: a review of its management. | laparoscopic surgery (ls), also termed minimal access surgery, has brought a paradigm shift in the approach to modern surgical care. early postoperative recovery, less pain, improved aesthesis and early return to work have led to its popularity both amongst surgeons and patients. its application has progressed from cholecystectomies and appendectomies to various other fields including gastrointestinal surgery, urology, gynecology and oncosurgery. however, ls has its own package of complications. ... | 2015 | 26488021 |
| psychrophilic pseudomonas in antarctic freshwater lake at stornes peninsula, larsemann hills over east antarctica. | the larsemann hills is an ice-free area of approximately 50 km(2), located halfway between the vestfold hills and the amery ice shelf on the south-eastern coast of prydz bay, princess elizabeth land, east antarctica (69º30's, 76º19'58″e). the ice-free area consists of two major peninsulas (stornes and broknes), four minor peninsulas, and approximately 130 islands. the larsemann hills area contains more than 150 lakes at different islands and peninsulas. nine lake water samples were collected in ... | 2015 | 26543717 |
| preparation of dental resins resistant to enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation in oral environments. | the short average service life of traditional dental composite restorative materials and increasing occurrence of secondary caries adjacent to composite restorations and sealants are necessitating the development of new, longer lasting compositions. novel monomers and their polymers, reinforcing fillers, and adhesive components are needed. the goal of this research is to develop resin systems for use in restorations, sealants, and other dental services that are superior in properties and enduran ... | 2015 | 26358180 |
| skin-derived c-terminal filaggrin-2 fragments are pseudomonas aeruginosa-directed antimicrobials targeting bacterial replication. | soil- and waterborne bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa are constantly challenging body surfaces. since infections of healthy skin are unexpectedly rare, we hypothesized that the outermost epidermis, the stratum corneum, and sweat glands directly control the growth of p. aeruginosa by surface-provided antimicrobials. due to its high abundance in the upper epidermis and eccrine sweat glands, filaggrin-2 (flg2), a water-insoluble 248 kda s100 fused-type protein, might possess these innate eff ... | 2015 | 26371476 |
| brkautodisplay: functional display of multiple exogenous proteins on the surface of escherichia coli by using brka autotransporter. | bacterial surface display technique enables the exogenous proteins or polypeptides displayed on the bacterial surface, while maintaining their relatively independent spatial structures and biological activities. the technique makes recombinant bacteria possess the expectant functions, subsequently, directly used for many applications. many proteins could be used to achieve bacterial surface display, among them, autotransporter, a member of the type v secretion system of gram-negative bacteria, h ... | 2015 | 26337099 |
| ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and crossinfection: a literature review. | the authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. in the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, ... | 2015 | 26543284 |
| a facile method for controlling the reaction equilibrium of sphingolipid ceramide n-deacylase for lyso-glycosphingolipid production. | lyso-glycosphingolipids (lyso-gsls), the n-deacylated forms of glycosphingolipids (gsls), are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of gsl analogs. although lyso-gsls can be produced by hydrolyzing natural gsls using sphingolipid ceramide n-deacylase (scdase), the yield for this reaction is usually low because scdase also catalyzes the reverse reaction, ultimately establishing an equilibrium between hydrolysis and synthesis. in the present study, we developed an efficient method ... | 2015 | 26130766 |
| biosurfactant production by bacillus salmalaya for lubricating oil solubilization and biodegradation. | this study investigated the capability of a biosurfactant produced by a novel strain of bacillus salmalaya to enhance the biodegradation rates and bioavailability of organic contaminants. the biosurfactant produced by cultured strain 139si showed high physicochemical properties and surface activity in the selected medium. the biosurfactant exhibited a high emulsification index and a positive result in the drop collapse test, with the results demonstrating the wetting activity of the biosurfactan ... | 2015 | 26295402 |
| live-streaming: time-lapse video evidence of novel streamer formation mechanism and varying viscosity. | time-lapse videos of growing biofilms were analyzed using a background subtraction method, which removed camouflaging effects from the heterogeneous field of view to reveal evidence of streamer formation from optically dense biofilm segments. in addition, quantitative measurements of biofilm velocity and optical density, combined with mathematical modeling, demonstrated that streamer formation occurred from mature, high-viscosity biofilms. we propose a streamer formation mechanism by sudden part ... | 2015 | 26339304 |
| multifarious activities of cellulose degrading bacteria from koala (phascolarctos cinereus) faeces. | cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. bacillus sp. and pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. the isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. furthermore many isolates grew in the presence ... | 2015 | 26290743 |
| identification of an endophytic antifungal bacterial strain isolated from the rubber tree and its application in the biological control of banana fusarium wilt. | banana fusarium wilt (also known as panama disease) is one of the most disastrous plant diseases. effective control methods are still under exploring. the endophytic bacterial strain itbb b5-1 was isolated from the rubber tree, and identified as serratia marcescens by morphological, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses. this strain exhibited a high potential for biological control against the banana fusarium disease. visual agar plate assay showed that itbb b5-1 restricted the mycelial growth ... | 2015 | 26133557 |
| additivity of the stabilization effect of single amino acid substitutions in triple mutants of recombinant formate dehydrogenase from the soybean glycine max. | recently, we demonstrated that the amino acid substitutions ala267met and ala267met/ile272val (alekseeva et al., biochemistry, 2012), phe290asp, phe290asn and phe290ser (alekseeva et al., prot. eng. des. select, 2012) in recombinant formate dehydrogenase from soya glycine max (soyfdh) lead to a significant (up to 30-100 times) increase in the thermal stability of the enzyme. the substitutions phe290asp, phe290asn and phe290ser were introduced into double mutant soyfdh ala267met/ile272val by site ... | 2015 | 26483960 |
| screening the drug resistance property among aerobic pathogenic microorganisms of dental caries in north-western indian population: a preliminary study. | to evaluate the emerging drug resistance among the caries pathogens isolated from carious dentine microbiologically. | 2015 | 26393195 |
| treatment of uncomplicated symptomatic urinary tract infections: resistance patterns and misuse of antibiotics. | uncomplicated but symptomatic urinary tract infections (utis) are a common problem seen in practice. the study was undertaken to assess the most common pathogens responsible for uncomplicated symptomatic utis and the antimicrobial resistance pattern in a hospital in bangalore. the study also explores the issue of antibiotic usage for these patients. | 2015 | 26288784 |
| microbial population dynamics in response to pectobacterium atrosepticum infection in potato tubers. | endophytes are microbes and fungi that live inside plant tissues without damaging the host. herein we examine the dynamic changes in the endophytic bacterial community in potato (solanum tuberosum) tuber in response to pathogenic infection by pectobacterium atrosepticum, which causes soft rot in numerous economically important crops. we quantified community changes using both cultivation and next-generation sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and found that, despite observing significant variability ... | 2015 | 26118792 |
| classes of organic molecules targeted by a methanogenic microbial consortium grown on sedimentary rocks of various maturities. | organic-rich shales are populated by methanogenic consortia that are able to degrade the fossilized organic matter into methane gas. to identify the organic fraction effectively degraded, we have sequentially depleted two types of organic-rich sedimentary rocks, shale, and coal, at two different maturities, by successive solvent extractions to remove the most soluble fractions (maltenes and asphaltenes) and isolate kerogen. we show the ability of the consortia to produce methane from all rock sa ... | 2015 | 26136731 |
| seasonal variation in denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia process rates and corresponding key functional genes along an estuarine nitrate gradient. | this research investigated spatial-temporal variation in benthic bacterial community structure, rates of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (dnra) processes and abundances of corresponding genes and transcripts at three sites-the estuary-head, mid-estuary and the estuary mouth (em) along the nitrate gradient of the colne estuary over an annual cycle. denitrification rates declined down the estuary, while dnra rates were higher at the estuary head and middle than the ... | 2015 | 26082763 |
| antagonistic effect of pseudomonas sp. cmi-1 on
foodborne pathogenic listeria monocytogenes. | bacterial isolates derived from food or raw food materials of animal origin were screened for potential antagonistic activity against foodborne pathogenic listeria monocytogenes. using the agar spot method, ten out of the 94 tested bacteria showed antilisterial activity. all of the antagonistic isolates identified by sequence analysis as strains of the genus pseudomonas were able to inhibit the growth of all the examined listeria species including the ruminal pathogenic l. ivanovii and the oppor ... | 2015 | 27904352 |
| biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium. | three bacterial isolates identified as alcanivorax borkumensis sk2, rhodococcus erythropolis hs4 and pseudomonas stutzeri sdm, based on 16s rrna gene sequences, were isolated from crude oil enrichments of natural seawater. single strains and four bacterial consortia designed by mixing the single bacterial cultures respectively in the following ratios: (alcanivorax: pseudomonas, 1:1), (alcanivorax: rhodococcus, 1:1), (pseudomonas: rhodococcus, 1:1), and (alcanivorax: pseudomonas: rhodococcus, 1:1 ... | 2015 | 26273252 |
| fermentative hydrogen production from agroindustrial lignocellulosic substrates. | to achieve economically competitive biological hydrogen production, it is crucial to consider inexpensive materials such as lignocellulosic substrate residues derived from agroindustrial activities. it is possible to use (1) lignocellulosic materials without any type of pretreatment, (2) lignocellulosic materials after a pretreatment step, and (3) lignocellulosic materials hydrolysates originating from a pretreatment step followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. according to the current literature data ... | 2015 | 26273246 |
| the potential impact of coinfection on antimicrobial chemotherapy and drug resistance. | across a range of pathogens, resistance to chemotherapy is a growing problem in both public health and animal health. despite the ubiquity of coinfection, and its potential effects on within-host biology, the role played by coinfecting pathogens on the evolution of resistance and efficacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy is rarely considered. in this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of interaction of coinfecting pathogens, ranging from immune modulation and resource modulation, to d ... | 2015 | 26028590 |
| transcriptional modulation of intestinal innate defense/inflammation genes by preterm infant microbiota in a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model. | it is known that postnatal functional maturation of the small intestine is facilitated by microbial colonization of the gut. preterm infants exhibit defects in gut maturation, weak innate immunity against intestinal infection and increased susceptibility to inflammatory disorders, all of which may be related to the inappropriate microbial colonization of their immature intestines. the earliest microbes to colonize the preterm infant gut encounter a naïve, immature intestine. thus this earliest m ... | 2015 | 25928420 |
| the toluene o-xylene monooxygenase enzymatic activity for the biosynthesis of aromatic antioxidants. | monocyclic phenols and catechols are important antioxidant compounds for the food and pharmaceutic industries; their production through biotransformation of low-added value starting compounds is of major biotechnological interest. the toluene o-xylene monooxygenase (tomo) from pseudomonas sp. ox1 is a bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase (bmm) that is able to hydroxylate a wide array of aromatic compounds and has already proven to be a versatile biochemical tool to produce mono- and dihydroxyl ... | 2015 | 25915063 |
| a redox regulatory system critical for mycobacterial survival in macrophages and biofilm development. | survival of m. tuberculosis in host macrophages requires the eukaryotic-type protein kinase g, pkng, but the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. here, we show that pkng is an integral component of a novel redox homeostatic system, rhocs, which includes the ribosomal protein l13 and renu, a nudix hydrolase encoded by a gene adjacent to pkng. studies in m. smegmatis showed that pkng expression is uniquely induced by nadh, which plays a key role in metabolism and redox homeostasis. in vitro, ... | 2015 | 25884716 |
| analysis of fungal ball rhinosinusitis by culturing fungal clumps under endoscopic surgery. | this study was designed to investigate the clinical microbiology of fungal ball (fb) rhinosinusitis by culturing fungal clumps collected under endoscopic surgery. | 2015 | 26131186 |
| encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis as a late complication of peritoneal dialysis. | encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (eps) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction which is characterized by fibrotic encapsulation of the bowel. although its pathogenesis is still not clear, many etiological factors have been stated. | 2015 | 26150908 |
| high potential application in bioremediation of selenate by proteus hauseri strain qw4. | selenium is essential for biological systems at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels. heavy metals and metalloids such as selenium are major contaminants in 40% of hazardous waste sites. thus, bioremediation has been considered as an effective means of cleaning up of selenium-contaminated sites. | 2015 | 26622970 |
| comparative analysis of wolbachia genomes reveals streamlining and divergence of minimalist two-component systems. | two-component regulatory systems are commonly used by bacteria to coordinate intracellular responses with environmental cues. these systems are composed of functional protein pairs consisting of a sensor histidine kinase and cognate response regulator. in contrast to the well-studied caulobacter crescentus system, which carries dozens of these pairs, the streamlined bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis encodes only two pairs: ccka/ctra and plec/pled. here, we used bioinformatic tools to co ... | 2015 | 25809075 |
| clinical outcomes and microbiological characteristics of severe pneumonia in cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. | pneumonia is the most frequent type of infection in cancer patients and a frequent cause of icu admission. the primary aims of this study were to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcomes in critically ill cancer patients with severe pneumonia. | 2015 | 25803690 |
| phytogenic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics: potentials and challenges in application. | this article summarizes current experimental knowledge on the efficacy, possible mechanisms and feasibility in the application of phytogenic products as feed additives for food-producing animals. phytogenic compounds comprise a wide range of plant-derived natural bioactive compounds and essential oils are a major group. numerous studies have demonstrated that phytogenic compounds have a variety of functions, including antimicrobial/antiviral, antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects and impro ... | 2015 | 25806623 |
| comparing two types of rabbit atg prior to reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic sct for hematologic malignancies. | different rabbit polyclonal antilymphocyte globulins (atgs) are used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allohsct) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). we compared 2 different atgs in allohsct after reduced intensity conditioning (ric) for hematological malignancies. we reviewed 30 allohsct for hematologic malignancies performed between 2007 and 2010 with fludarabine and i.v. busulfan as conditioning regimen. patients alternatingly received thymoglobulin or atg-f. medi ... | 2015 | 25874131 |
| experimental design approach to the optimization of pahs bioremediation from artificially contaminated soil: application of variables screening development. | the effectiveness of bioremediation systems for pah-contaminated soil may be constrained by physicochemical properties of contaminants and environmental factors. information on what is the most effective factor in bioremediation process is essential in the decision of what stimulations can be taken to assist the biodegradation efficacy. | 2015 | 25834738 |
| trapping and assembly of living colloids at water-water interfaces. | we study the assembly of inert and living colloids in a two-phase water-water system that provides an environment that can sustain bacteria, providing a new structure with rich potential to confine and structure microbial communities. the water-water system, formed via phase separation of a casein and xanthan mixture, forms a 3-d structure of coexisting casein-rich and xanthan-rich phases. fluorescent labelling and confocal microscopy reveal the attachment of these living colloids, including esc ... | 2015 | 25600991 |
| biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. | release of textile azo dyes to the environment is an issue of health concern while the use of microorganisms has proved to be the best option for remediation. thus, in the present study, a bacterial consortium consisting of providencia rettgeri strain hsl1 and pseudomonas sp. suk1 has been investigated for degradation and detoxification of structurally different azo dyes. the consortium showed 98-99 % decolorization of all the selected azo dyes viz. reactive black 5 (rb 5), reactive orange 16 (r ... | 2015 | 26417357 |
| taking a corneal scrape and making a diagnosis. | | 2015 | 26435585 |
| the role of ala198 in the stability and coenzyme specificity of bacterial formate dehydrogenases. | it has been shown by an x-ray structural analysis that the amino acid residues ala198, which are located in the coenzyme-binding domain of nad(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenases (ec 1.2.1.2., fdh) from bacteria pseudomonas sp.101 and moraxella sp. c-1 (psefdh and morfdh, respectively), have non-optimal values of the angles ψ and φ. these residues were replaced with gly by site-directed mutagenesis. the mutants psefdh a198g and morfdh a198g were expressed in e.coli cells and obtained in active a ... | 2015 | 25927002 |
| abstracts. | | 2016 | 27243148 |
| mycobiome in the lower respiratory tract - a clinical perspective. | recently the paradigm that the healthy lung is sterile was challenged and it is now believed that the lungs harbor a diverse microbiota also contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. most of the research studies targeting the respiratory microbiome have focused on bacteria and their impact on lung health and lung diseases. recently, also the mycobiome has gained attention. lower respiratory tract (lrt) diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis) and other diseases or conditions (e.g., hiv infec ... | 2016 | 28119685 |
| mycobiome in the lower respiratory tract - a clinical perspective. | recently the paradigm that the healthy lung is sterile was challenged and it is now believed that the lungs harbor a diverse microbiota also contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. most of the research studies targeting the respiratory microbiome have focused on bacteria and their impact on lung health and lung diseases. recently, also the mycobiome has gained attention. lower respiratory tract (lrt) diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis) and other diseases or conditions (e.g., hiv infec ... | 2016 | 28119685 |
| adenylate cyclase acya regulates development, aflatoxin biosynthesis and fungal virulence in aspergillus flavus. | aspergillus flavus is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens of crops and animals. the carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxins produced by this pathogen cause a health problem to human and animals. since cyclic amp signaling controls a range of physiological processes, like fungal development and infection when responding to extracellular stimuli in fungal pathogens, in this study, we investigated the function of adenylate cyclase, a core component of camp signaling, in aflatoxins biosynth ... | 2016 | 28066725 |
| process-oriented review of bacterial quorum quenching for membrane biofouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors (mbrs). | quorum quenching (qq) has been developed over the last few years to overcome practical issues related to membrane biofouling, which is currently the major difficulty thwarting the extensive development of membrane bioreactors (mbrs). qq is the disruption of quorum sensing (qs), cell-to-cell communication enabling the bacteria to harmonize their behavior. the production of biofilm, which is recognized as a major part of the biocake formed on a membrane surface, and which leads to biofouling, has ... | 2016 | 27983578 |
| epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. | pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in bangladesh. we present the epidemiology of pneumonia in bangladeshi children <5 years before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction and investigate factors associated with disease severity and mortality. | 2016 | 27927201 |
| trends of bacterial keratitis culture isolates in jerusalem; a 13- years analysis. | to describe the trends in pathogens and antibacterial resistance of corneal culture isolates in infectious keratitis during a period of 13 years at hadassah-hebrew university medical center. | 2016 | 27893743 |
| structure and dynamics underlying elementary ligand binding events in human pacemaking channels. | although molecular recognition is crucial for cellular signaling, mechanistic studies have relied primarily on ensemble measures that average over and thereby obscure underlying steps. single-molecule observations that resolve these steps are lacking due to diffraction-limited resolution of single fluorophores at relevant concentrations. here, we combined zero-mode waveguides with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) to directly observe binding at individual cyclic nucleotide-binding do ... | 2016 | 27858593 |
| genotyping and descriptive proteomics of a potential zoonotic canine strain of giardia duodenalis, infective to mice. | the zoonotic potential of giardiasis, as proposed by who since the late 70's, has been largely confirmed in this century. the genetic assemblages a and b of giardia duodenalis are frequently isolated from human and canine hosts. most of the assemblage a strains are not infective to adult mice, which can limit the range of studies regarding to biology of g. duodenalis, including virulence factors and the interaction with host immune system. this study aimed to determine the infectivity in mice of ... | 2016 | 27760188 |
| killing two birds with one stone: natural rice rhizospheric microbes reduce arsenic uptake and blast infections in rice. | our recent work has shown that a rice thizospheric natural isolate, a pantoea sp (hereafter ea106) attenuates arsenic (as) uptake in rice. in parallel, yet another natural rice rhizospheric isolate, a pseudomonas chlororaphis (hereafter ea105), was shown to inhibit rice blast pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. considering the above, we envisaged to evaluate the importance of mixed stress regime in rice plants subjected to both as toxicity and blast infections. plants subjected to as regime showed incr ... | 2016 | 27790229 |
| use of ferrous iron by metallo-β-lactamases. | metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) catalyse the hydrolysis of almost all β-lactam antibacterials including the latest generation carbapenems and are a growing worldwide clinical problem. it is proposed that mbls employ one or two zinc ion cofactors in vivo. isolated mbls are reported to use transition metal ions other than zinc, including copper, cadmium and manganese, with iron ions being a notable exception. we report kinetic and biophysical studies with the di-iron(ii)-substituted metallo-β-lactamas ... | 2016 | 27498591 |
| insights into the biodegradation of weathered hydrocarbons in contaminated soils by bioaugmentation and nutrient stimulation. | the potential for biotransformation of weathered hydrocarbon residues in soils collected from two commercial oil refinery sites (soil a and b) was studied in microcosm experiments. soil a has previously been subjected to on-site bioremediation and it was believed that no further degradation was possible while soil b has not been subjected to any treatment. a number of amendment strategies including bioaugmentation with hydrocarbon degrader, biostimulation with nutrients and soil grinding, were a ... | 2016 | 27441989 |
| specialized microbiome of a halophyte and its role in helping non-host plants to withstand salinity. | root microbiota is a crucial determinant of plant productivity and stress tolerance. here, we hypothesize that the superior halo-tolerance of seepweed suaeda salsa is tightly linked to a specialized belowground microbiome. to test this hypothesis, we performed a phylogenetic trait-based framework analysis based on bacterial 16s rrna gene and fungal nuclear rrna internal transcribed spacer profiling. data showed that the dominant α-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria communities in bulk soil and ... | 2016 | 27572178 |
| modestobacter lacusdianchii sp. nov., a phosphate-solubilizing actinobacterium with ability to promote microcystis growth. | a novel actinobacterium, designated strain jxj cy 19t, was isolated from a culture mat of microcystis aeruginosa fachb-905 collected from dianchi lake, south-west china. 16s rrna gene sequences comparison of strain jxj cy 19t and the available sequences in the genbank database showed that the strain was closely related to modestobacter marinus 42h12-1t (99.1% similarity) and modestobacter roseus klbmp 1279t (99.0%). the isolate had meso-diaminopimelic in the cell wall with whole-cell sugars of m ... | 2016 | 27537546 |