| a multi-stage virtual screening of fda-approved drugs reveals potential inhibitors of sars-cov-2 main protease. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is an ongoing global health emergency. repurposing of approved pharmaceutical drugs for covid-19 treatment represents an attractive approach to quickly identify promising drug candidates. sars-cov-2 main protease (mpro) is responsible for the maturation of viral functional proteins making it a key antiviral target. based on the recently revealed crystal structures of sars-cov-2 mpro, we her ... | 2020 | 33094680 |
| risk factors and electrocardiogram characteristics for mortality in critical inpatients with covid-19. | the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has spread worldwide. | 2020 | 33094522 |
| universal covid-19 screening of 4040 health care workers in a resource-limited setting: an egyptian pilot model in a university with 12 public hospitals and medical centers. | the scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection among health care workers (hcws), particularly in resource-limited settings, remains unclear. to address this concern, universal (non-symptom-based) screening of hcws was piloted to determine the proportion of sars-cov-2 infection and the associated epidemiological and clinical risk factors at a large public health care facility in egypt. | 2020 | 33094320 |
| covid-19 pandemic and neurological disease: a critical review of the existing literature. | most of what we know about the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is limited to what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and covid-19's epidemiology, fatality, and acute care. however, infection with covid-19 may also involve the central nervous system (cns), which may or may not be due to a multi-organ injury. our aim in this paper is to briefly summarize the main aspects of the growing literature on neurological manifestations of the covid-19 infection. as such, after menti ... | 2020 | 33094214 |
| in utero vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in a severely ill 29-week preterm infant. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is currently in worldwide pandemic state with very limited data about the mode of transmission to the growing fetus. there are a few published cases of covid-19 infection in the infants born to covid-19 positive mothers where most of the reported cases were either mildly symptomatic with positive covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or had negative covid-19 pcr raising the question of vertical ... | 2020 | 33094016 |
| coronavirus disease 2019 in a premature infant: vertical transmission and antibody response or lack thereof. | with the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, several reports highlight its effects on pregnant women. based on scant available data, vertical transmission is considered unlikely. we present here a preterm neonate born to a critically ill mother with sarv-cov-2 with early evidence of infection with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on day 1. lack of parental contact prior to testing and strict adherence to recommended a ... | 2020 | 33094009 |
| pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: causal or casual? | in december 2019, in wuhan, a new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) secondary to infection by a type of coronavirus, causing coronavirus disease (covid-19). the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has had implications in the central nervous system. covid-19 is known to be characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes. | 2020 | 33093981 |
| almitrine infusion in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center observational study. | treating acute respiratory failure in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology. hypoxemia may be explained in part by the loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. the present study assessed the effect of almitrine, a selective pulmonary vasoconstrictor, on arterial oxygenation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | 2020 | 33093279 |
| engineered ace2 receptor traps potently neutralize sars-cov-2. | an essential mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (sars-cov-1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection begins with the viral spike protein binding to the human receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme ii (ace2). here, we describe a stepwise engineering approach to generate a set of affinity optimized, enzymatically inactivated ace2 variants that potently block sars-cov-2 infection of cells. these optimized receptor traps tightly b ... | 2020 | 33093202 |
| coding-complete genome sequences of 23 sars-cov-2 samples from the philippines. | here, we report the coding-complete genome sequences of 23 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) samples from the philippines. sequences were obtained from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)-positive patients. mutation analysis showed the presence of the d614g mutation in the spike protein in 22 of 23 genomes. | 2020 | 33093050 |
| coronavirus testing in women attending antenatal care. | universal screening has been proposed as a strategy to identify asymptomatic individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and mitigate transmission. | 2020 | 33092997 |
| coronavirus and cardiovascular disease, myocardial injury, and arrhythmia: jacc focus seminar. | the cardiovascular system is affected broadly by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. both direct viral infection and indirect injury resulting from inflammation, endothelial activation, and microvascular thrombosis occur in the context of coronavirus disease 2019. what determines the extent of cardiovascular injury is the amount of viral inoculum, the magnitude of the host immune response, and the presence of co-morbidities. myocardial injury occurs in approximately one-qu ... | 2020 | 33092737 |
| coronavirus historical perspective, disease mechanisms, and clinical outcomes: jacc focus seminar. | the emergence of a new coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [covid-19]) has raised global concerns regarding the health and safety of a vulnerable population. infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) incites a profound inflammatory response leading to tissue injury and organ failure. covid-19 is characterized by the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and thrombosis. the clinical syndrome is propelled by inflammation producing acute lung in ... | 2020 | 33092736 |
| dynamics of covid-19 transmission including indirect transmission mechanisms: a mathematical analysis. | the outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has raised major health policy questions and dilemmas. whilst respiratory droplets are believed to be the dominant transmission mechanisms, indirect transmission may also occur through shared contact of contaminated common objects that is not directly curtailed by a lockdown. the conditions under which contaminated common objects may lead to significant spread of coronavirus disease 2019 during lockdown and its ... | 2020 | 33092672 |
| human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to sars-cov-2 infection and covid-19 disease severity. | the emergence of the novel coronavirus in wuhan, hubei province, china, in december 2019 marked the synchronization of the world to a peculiar clock that is counting infected cases and deaths instead of hours and minutes. the pandemic, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has indeed caused considerable morbidity and mortality and drastically changed our everyday lives. as we continue to become acquainted with the seventh coronavirus known to infect ou ... | 2020 | 33092637 |
| haemoptysis as the first presentation of covid-19: a case report. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), is an ongoing pandemic that profoundly challenges healthcare systems all over the world. fever, cough and fatigue are the most commonly reported clinical symptoms. | 2020 | 33092563 |
| similarities between the effect of sars-cov-2 and hcv on the cellular level, and the possible role of ion channels in covid19 progression: a review of potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. | the covid-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has prompted an urgent need to identify effective medicines for the prevention and treatment of the disease. a comparative analysis between sars-cov-2 and hepatitis c virus (hcv) can expand the available knowledge regarding the virology and potential drug targets against these viruses. interestingly, comparing hcv with sars-cov-2 reveals major similarities between them, ranging from the ion channels th ... | 2020 | 33092458 |
| the role of androgens in covid-19. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic is a global health emergency. according to the findings, male patients with covid-19 infection are at an increased risk for severe complications than females. the causes of this issue are unknown and are most probably multifactorial. sexual hormones affect the immune system, so estrogen strengthens the immune system, and testosterone suppresses it. due to the reports of the high prevalence of androgenic alopecia in hospitalized patients with covid ... | 2020 | 33091758 |
| incidence and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. | patients with cancer are at increased risk of complicated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection, but it is still unclear if the risk of mortality is influenced by cancer type or ongoing anti-cancer treatments. an interesting debate concerning the potential relationship between androgen deprivation therapy (adt) and sars-cov-2 infection has recently been opened in the case of prostate cancer (pc), and the aim of this multi-centre cohort study was to investigate th ... | 2020 | 33091718 |
| heme oxygenase-1 modulation: a potential therapeutic target for covid-19 and associated complications. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) continues to infect hundred thousands of people every day worldwide. since it is a novel virus, research continues to update the possible therapeutic targets when new evidence regarding covid-19 are gathered. this article presents an evidence-based hypothesis that activating the heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) pathway is a potential target for covid-19. interferons (ifns) have broad-spectrum antivi ... | 2020 | 33091573 |
| variant analysis of the first lebanese sars-cov-2 isolates. | recently the first genome sequences for 11 sars-cov-2 isolates from lebanon became available. here, we report the detection of variants within the genome of these strains. pairwise alignment analysis using blastx was performed between these sequences and the uniprotkb data for the sars-cov-2 coronavirus to identify amino acid variations. variants analysis was performed using multiple bioinformatics tools. we noticed for the first time 18 mutations that have never been reported before. among thos ... | 2020 | 33091548 |
| antiviral activity and safety of remdesivir against sars-cov-2 infection in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), is considered as the most significant global public health crisis of the century. several drug candidates have been suggested as potential therapeutic options for covid-19, including remdesivir, currently the only authorized drug for use under an emergency use authorization. however, there is only limited information regarding the safety profiles of the proposed drugs, in particular drug- ... | 2020 | 33091434 |
| structure-based design with tag-based purification and in-process biotinylation enable streamlined development of sars-cov-2 spike molecular probes. | biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. here, we design constructs incorporating an n-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a c-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. probe regions include full-length spike ectodomain as wel ... | 2020 | 33091382 |
| estimating the infection-fatality risk of sars-cov-2 in new york city during the spring 2020 pandemic wave: a model-based analysis. | as the covid-19 pandemic continues to unfold, the infection-fatality risk (ie, risk of death among all infected individuals including those with asymptomatic and mild infections) is crucial for gauging the burden of death due to covid-19 in the coming months or years. here, we estimate the infection-fatality risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in new york city, ny, usa, the first epidemic centre in the usa, where the infection-fatality risk remains unclear. | 2020 | 33091374 |
| animals and sars-cov-2: species susceptibility and viral transmission in experimental and natural conditions, and the potential implications for community transmission. | the current covid-19 global pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) of probable bat origin, has highlighted the ongoing need for a one health response to emerging zoonotic disease events. understanding the human-animal interface and its relevance to disease transmission remains a critical control point for many emerging zoonoses. determination of the susceptibility of various animal species to infection with sars-cov-2 and the role of animals in the epide ... | 2020 | 33091230 |
| alternative clinical specimens for the detection of sars-cov-2: a rapid review. | the collection of nasopharyngeal swabs to test for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is an invasive technique with implications for patients and clinicians. alternative clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract may offer benefits in terms of collection, comfort and infection risk. the objective of this review was to synthesise the evidence for detection of sars-cov-2 ribonucleic acid (rna) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... | 2020 | 33091200 |
| vaccine design based on 16 epitopes of sars-cov-2 spike protein. | the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) urgently requires an effective vaccine for prevention. in this study, 66 epitopes containing pentapeptides of sars-cov-2 spike protein in the iedb database were compared with the amino acid sequence of sars-cov-2 spike protein, and 66 potentially immune-related peptides of sars-cov-2 spike protein were obtained. based on the snps analysis of spike protein of 1218 sars-cov-2 isolates, 52 easily mutated sites were ... | 2020 | 33091154 |
| behavioral practices of patients with multiple sclerosis during covid-19 pandemic. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) emerged in wuhan, china, in late 2019 and covid-19, a disease caused by sars-cov-2 became a pandemic in march 2020. as the pandemic still unfolds, uncertainty circles around the impact of sars-cov-2 infection on patients with chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (ms). to diminish the risk of sars-cov-2 infection and lessen the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the healthcare of ms patients, it is ... | 2020 | 33091088 |
| time-lapse sentinel surveillance of sars-cov-2 spread in india. | the novel coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) global pandemic has drastically affected the world economy, raised public anxiety, and placed a substantial psychological burden on the governments and healthcare professionals by affecting over 4.7 million people worldwide. as a preventive measure to minimise the risk of community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in india, a nationwide lockdown was imposed initially for 21 days to limit the movement of 1.3 billion ... | 2020 | 33091066 |
| antibody kinetics and serologic profiles of sars-cov-2 infection using two serologic assays. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an emerging threat worldwide. this study aims to assess the serologic profiles and time kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in patients with covid-19 using two immunoassays. | 2020 | 33091042 |
| usefulness of covid-19 screen-and-test approach in pregnant women: an experience from a country with low covid-19 burden. | objectives information on the usefulness of screen-and-test strategies of pregnant women for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is lacking. methods we retrospectively reviewed the ljubljana maternity hospital database and searched for pregnant women, who were admitted to the hospital between march 15 and may 16, 2020, for a planned procedure or hospitalization. their medical records were examined and sars-cov-2 test results were retrieved. results during the two-month p ... | 2020 | 33090969 |
| clinical endpoints for evaluating efficacy in covid-19 vaccine trials. | several vaccine candidates to protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) have entered or will soon enter large-scale, phase 3, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. to facilitate harmonized evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of these vaccines, a general set of clinical endpoints is proposed, along with considerations to guide the selection of the primary endpoints on the basis of clinical and stati ... | 2020 | 33090877 |
| targeting proteases for treating covid-19. | the unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) demands effective treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. the infection of sars-cov-2 critically depends on diverse viral or host proteases, which mediate viral entry, viral protein maturation, as well as the pathogenesis of the viral infection. endogenous and exogenous agents targeting for proteases have been proved to be effective toward a variety of viral infections ranging from hiv ... | 2020 | 33090793 |
| extrapulmonary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection. | covid-19, the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), has resulted in a global pandemic with unprecedented health, societal and economic impact. the disease often manifests with flu-like symptoms and is dominated by pulmonary complications, but widely diverse clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems can result. we posit that viral tropism and the aberrant host immune response mediate the protean findings and severity in this dise ... | 2020 | 33090515 |
| effects of sars-cov-2 mutations on protein structures and intraviral protein-protein interactions. | since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars- cov-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has infected ten millions of people across the globe, and massive mutations in virus genome have occurred during the rapid spread of this novel coronavirus. variance in protein sequence might lead to change in protein structure and interaction, then further affect the viral physiological characteristics, which could bring tremendous influence on the pandemic. in this study, we in ... | 2020 | 33090512 |
| wildfire and covid-19 pandemic: effect of environmental pollution pm-2.5 and carbon monoxide on the dynamics of daily cases and deaths due to sars-cov-2 infection in san-francisco usa. | the wildfire allied environmental pollution is highly toxic and can cause significant wide-ranging damage to the regional environment, weather conditions, and it can facilitate the transmission of microorganisms and diseases. the present study aims to investigate the effect of wildfire allied pollutants, particulate matter (pm-2.5 μm), and carbon monoxide (co) on the dynamics of daily cases and deaths due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in san francisco, ... | 2020 | 33090440 |
| impact of covid-19 on the cerebrovascular system and the prevention of rbc lysis. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) uses angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptors to infect host cells which may lead to coronavirus disease (covid-19). given the presence of ace2 receptors in the brain and the critical role of the renin-angiotensin system (ras) in brain functions, special attention to brain microcirculation and neuronal inflammation is warranted during covid-19 treatment. neurological complications reported among covid-19 patients range from mil ... | 2020 | 33090438 |
| could dantrolene be explored as a repurposed drug to treat covid-19 patients by restoring intracellular calcium homeostasis? | dantrolene, an fda approved drug to treat malignant hyperthermia and muscle spasm, has been demonstrated to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) mediated toxicity of host cells. ryanodine receptor overactivation and associated disruption of intracellular ca2+ homeostasis play important roles in sars-cov-2 infection and replication of host cells. dantrolene, as an inhibitor of ryrs, is expected to ameliorate these detrimental effects of sars-cov-2 in host cells. ad ... | 2020 | 33090434 |
| hordatines as a potential inhibitor of covid-19 main protease and rna polymerase: an in-silico approach. | total 40 natural compounds were selected to perform the molecular docking studies to screen and identify the potent antiviral agents specifically for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). the key targets of covid-19, protease (pdb id: 7bqy) and rna polymerase (pdb id: 7bv2) were used to dock our target compounds by molecular operating environment (moe) version 2014.09. we used 3 different conformations of protease target (6m0k, 6y2f and ... | 2020 | 33090359 |
| the role of lung ultrasound as a frontline diagnostic tool in the era of covid-19 outbreak. | the diffusion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) worldwide prompted the world health organization to declare the status of pandemic. the molecular diagnosis of sars-cov-2 infection is based on the detection of viral rna on different biological specimens. unfortunately, the test may require several hours to be performed. in the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of lung point-of-care ultrasound (pocus) for sars-cov-2 pneumonia in a cohort of sympt ... | 2020 | 33090353 |
| the natural history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a composite but incomplete picture. | | 2020 | 33090197 |
| immunosuppressive therapy and risk of covid-19 infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. | the effect of immunosuppressive treatment for immune-mediated diseases on risk of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has not been established. we aimed to define the effect of targeted biologic and immunomodulator therapy on risk of covid-19 in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). | 2020 | 33089863 |
| serologic responses in healthy adult with sars-cov-2 reinfection, hong kong, august 2020. | in march 2020, mild signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease developed in a healthy 33-year-old man in hong kong. his first infection did not produce virus neutralizing antibodies. in august, he had asymptomatic reinfection, suggesting that persons without a robust neutralizing antibody response might be at risk for reinfection. | 2020 | 33089772 |
| massive pulmonary embolism in a covid-19 patient: a case report. | myocardial injury is associated with excess mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections, and the mechanisms of injury are diverse. coagulopathy associated with this infection may have unique cardiovascular implications. | 2020 | 33089057 |
| covid19: a case report of thrombus in transit. | the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality, not only through devastating lung injury, but also due to multiple malfunctions in the cardiovascular system. the primary aetiology is believed to be mediated through lung alveolar injury; however, a few published reports have linked sars-cov-2 to significant organ dysfunction, venous thrombo-embolism, and coagulopathy. in view of the fact that the utility of tissue ... | 2020 | 33089047 |
| cardiac sequelae of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a clinical case series. | covid-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 most commonly manifests with fever and respiratory illness. the cardiovascular manifestations have become more prevalent but can potentially go unrecognized. we look to describe cardiac manifestations in three patients with covid-19 using cardiac enzymes, electrocardiograms, and echocardiography. | 2020 | 33089042 |
| myocarditis associated with covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic, with affecting to-date over 23 million people and causing over 800,000 deaths around the globe. the major pathogenetic mechanisms include inflammation, vasoconstriction and thrombogenesis. infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) typically manifests as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and exhibits radiographic evidence of bilateral pneumonic infiltrates. recent meta-analyses have ... | 2020 | 33088905 |
| incidence of health care-associated covid-19 during universal testing of medical and surgical admissions in a large us health system. | concerns about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure in health care settings may cause patients to delay care. among 2992 patients testing negative on admission to an academic, 3-hospital system, 8 tested positive during hospitalization or within 14 days postdischarge. following adjudication of each instance, health care-associated infection incidence ranged from 0.8 to 5.0 cases per 10 000 patient-days. | 2020 | 33088847 |
| social media survey and web posting assessment of the covid-19 response in china: health worker attitudes toward preparedness and personal protective equipment shortages. | understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses toward emerging infectious threats, like the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. availability of accessible personal protective equipment (ppe) is vital to effective care and prevention. | 2020 | 33088845 |
| clinical efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in covid-19 infection: comparative meta-analysis between the big data and the real world. | in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, we conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of chloroquine derivatives in patients, based on unpublished and published reports available publicly on the internet as of 27 may 2020. the keywords 'hydroxychloroquine', 'chloroquine', 'coronavirus', 'covid-19' and 'sars-cov-2' were used in the pubmed, google scholar and google search engines without any restrictions as to date or language. twenty studies were identified invo ... | 2020 | 33088574 |
| differential diagnosis of covid-19 in symptomatic patients at the university hospital center mohammed vi, marrakesh. | coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in wuhan, china. clinical spectrum of this disease has nonspecific symptoms shared by many other frequent infectious diseases of the respiratory tract and other respiratory tract diseases. this study explains the importance of differential diagnosis between covid-19 and other lung diseases. | 2020 | 33088398 |
| review of inflammatory bowel disease and covid-19. | the first cases of a novel corona virus infection were reported in wuhan china in december of 2019, followed by the declaration of an international pandemic by the world health organization in march 2020. early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. of particular concern is the s ... | 2020 | 33088153 |
| approaches and best practices for managing cancer pain within the constraints of the covid-19 pandemic in india. | novel corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an ongoing pandemic that has impacted the entire world. the indian government has responded strongly and very stringently to the crisis, through a nationwide lockdown. the health-care (hc) systems in the country are striving hard to maintain equitable care across illness spectra, while responding the emergencies imposed by the covid-19 crisis. under these circumstances, guidelines for managing several diseases including that for cancer care have been ... | 2020 | 33088099 |
| concerns and coping strategies of persons under institutional quarantine during sars-cov-2 pandemic. | the world health organization has declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) as a pandemic. the interventions employed by various health authorities in combating the infection may help in eliminating the threat; however, they have long-term cognitive and mental health effects on the population. | 2020 | 33088098 |
| palliative care in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: position statement of the indian association of palliative care. | the global pandemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has brought new challenges to clinical practice and care in the provision of palliative care. this position statement of the indian association of palliative care (iapc) represents the collective opinion of the experts chosen by the society and reports on the current situation based on recent scientific evidence. it purports to guide all health-care professionals caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients ... | 2020 | 33088078 |
| humidity and deposition solution play a critical role in virus inactivation by heat treatment of n95 respirators. | supply shortages of n95 respirators during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic have motivated institutions to develop feasible and effective n95 respirator reuse strategies. in particular, heat decontamination is a treatment method that scales well and can be implemented in settings with variable or limited resources. prior studies using multiple inactivation methods, however, have often focused on a single virus under narrowly defined conditions, making it difficult to develop guid ... | 2020 | 33087516 |
| the epigenetic implication in coronavirus infection and therapy. | epigenetics is a relatively new field of science that studies the genetic and non-genetic aspects related to heritable phenotypic changes, frequently caused by environmental and metabolic factors. in the host, the epigenetic machinery can regulate gene expression through a series of reversible epigenetic modifications, such as histone methylation and acetylation, dna/rna methylation, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding rnas. the coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) is a highly transmittable and pa ... | 2020 | 33087172 |
| rapid point-of-care detection of sars-cov-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | fast, reliable and easy to handle methods are required to facilitate urgently needed point-of-care testing (poct) in the current coronavirus pandemic. life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has rapidly spread all over the world, infecting more than 33,500,000 people and killing over 1 million of them as of october 2020. infected individuals without any symptoms might still transfer the virus to others underlining the extraordinary transmissibility of this n ... | 2020 | 33087160 |
| the duration of sars-cov-2 shedding in patients recovering from covid-19. | the knowledge of sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) shedding is highly relevant to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). deep nasopharyngeal swabs repeatedly collected from a cohort of one hundred patients with covid-19 were tested for sars-cov-2 rna using rt-pcr (real-time polymerase chain reaction). the median period of viral genome detectability was 15 days. furthermore, the authors tested the hypothesis on the r ... | 2020 | 33086857 |
| an assessment of the novel covistress questionnaire: covid-19 impact on physical activity, sedentary action and psychological emotion. | globally the covid-19 pandemic outbreak has triggered an economic downturn and a rise in unemployment. as a result, global communities have had to face physical, health, psychological and socio-economical related stressors. the purpose of this study was to assess and report the impact of isolation and effect of coronavirus on selected psychological correlates associated with emotions. following ethical approval, a mixed methods observational study was conducted using the validated covistress que ... | 2020 | 33086648 |
| immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in covid-19. | the pandemic brought on by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) has become a global health crisis, with over 22 million confirmed cases and 777,000 fatalities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) reported worldwide. the major cause of fatality in infected patients, now referred to as the "cytokine storm syndrome" (css), is a direct result of aberrant immune activation following sars-cov2 infection and results in excess release of inflammatory cytokine ... | 2020 | 33082935 |
| specific re-distribution of sars-cov-2 variants in the respiratory system and intestinal tract. | intra-host analysis of sars-cov-2 genomic sequences identified two viral haplotypes that comprised of three genetically linked mutations from the respiratory and intestinal tracts of a patient with covid-19. spatiotemporal data suggest that this patient initially had dual-infection of two sars-cov-2 variants, which subsequently re-distributed into the two systems. | 2020 | 33086379 |
| identification of immunohistochemical reagents for in situ protein expression analysis of coronavirus-associated changes in human tissues. | we studied the suitability of commercially available monoclonal antibodies (mabs) for the immunohistochemical (ihc) detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) in standard archival specimens. antibodies were screened on hek293 cells transfected with viral nucleoprotein, s1 subunit and s2 subunit of spike protein and on untransfected cells, as well as a panel of normal tissue. lung tissue with presence of sars-cov2 confirmed by in situ hybridization (ish) was also use ... | 2020 | 33086222 |
| covid-19: quarantine, isolation, and lifestyle diseases. | within just a month of the first case of idiopathic pneumonia, on 30 january 2020, who declared the outbreak, a public health emergency of international concern. on 11 february 2019, the internal committee on taxonomy of virus (ictv) announced the name of the novel virus as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)" and on 11 march 2020, who declared it a global pandemic. as a preventive measure, the government of several countries has imposed quarantine and isolation for pre ... | 2020 | 33086018 |
| guidance for restarting inflammatory bowel disease therapy in patients who withheld immunosuppressant medications during covid-19. | patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [ibd] are frequently treated with immunosuppressant medications. during the coronavirus disease 2019 [covid-19] pandemic, recommendations for ibd management have included that patients should stay on their immunosuppressant medications if they are not infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [sars-cov-2], but to temporarily hold these medications if symptomatic with covid-19 or asymptomatic but have tested positive for sars-cov-2 ... | 2020 | 33085972 |
| efficacy of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with covid-19. | the efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor blockade in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who are not receiving mechanical ventilation is unclear. | 2020 | 33085857 |
| systematic screening for sars-cov-2 in pregnant women admitted for delivery in a portuguese maternity. | objectives the burden of undocumented sars-cov-2 infections in portuguese pregnant women is unknown. at our institution, routine covid-19 testing was implemented from 19th of march on to all pregnant women who were admitted for delivery. the purpose of the study was to estimate the sars-cov-2 infection rate in our obstetric population admitted for delivery. mathods between 19th march and may 4th, 184 pregnant women were screened for sars-cov-2 infection upon admission. results eleven women were ... | 2020 | 33085639 |
| assessing and managing the risks of covid-19 in the workplace: applying industrial hygiene (ih)/occupational and environmental health and safety (oehs) frameworks. | as businesses attempt to reopen to varying degrees amid the current coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic, industrial hygiene (ih) and occupational and environmental health and safety (oehs) professionals have been challenged with assessing and managing the risks of covid-19 in the workplace. in general, the available ih/oehs tools were designed to control hazards originating in the workplace; however, attempts to tailor them specifically to the control of infectious disease outbreaks have bee ... | 2020 | 33085585 |
| an estimation of airborne sars-cov-2 infection transmission risk in new york city nail salons. | although airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) from person-to-person over long distances is currently thought to be unlikely, the current epidemiological evidence suggests that airborne sars-cov-2 infection transmission in confined, indoor spaces is plausible, particularly when outdoor airflow rates are low and when face masks are not utilized. we sought to model airborne infection transmission risk assuming five realistic exposure scenarios using ... | 2020 | 33085569 |
| thermodynamics of the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the receptor of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. effects of possible ligands. | since the end of 2019, the coronavirus sars-cov-2 has caused more than 1000000 deaths all over the world and still lacks a medical treatment despite the attention of the whole scientific community. human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) was recently recognized as the transmembrane protein that serves as the point of entry of sars-cov-2 into cells, thus constituting the first biomolecular event leading to covid-19 disease. here, by means of a state-of-the-art computational approach, we prop ... | 2020 | 33085491 |
| sars-cov-2-specific virulence factors in covid-19. | the paucity of knowledge about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-specific virulence factors has greatly hampered the therapeutic management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). recently, a cluster of studies appeared, which presented empirical evidence for sars-cov-2-specific virulence factors that can explain key elements of covid-19 pathology. these studies unravel multiple structural and nonstructural specifics of sars-cov-2, such as a unique furin ... | 2020 | 33085084 |
| overview of chest involvement at computed tomography in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | chest computed tomography (ct) findings in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) have been rarely reported in a comprehensive and systematic manner. | 2020 | 33084963 |
| double trouble: combined cardiovascular effects of particulate matter exposure and covid-19. | the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has rapidly grown into a pandemic. according to initial reports, the lungs were thought to be the primary target, but recent case studies have shown its reach can extend to other organs including the heart and blood vessels. the severity of cardiac complications of covid-19 depends on multiple underlying factors, with air pollutant exposure being one of them as reported by several recen ... | 2020 | 33084879 |
| thoracic surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic in madrid, spain: single-centre report. | we reviewed the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 cases and the postoperative outcomes of patients who had thoracic surgery during the beginning and at the highest point of transmission in our community. | 2020 | 33084869 |
| coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in the heart transplant population: a single-centre experience. | few anecdotal cases have been reported in the literature regarding heart transplant recipients and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). we report our experience with 6 patients hospitalized in northern italy during the outbreak. | 2020 | 33084868 |
| bromelain: a review on its potential as a therapy for the management of covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 is a wide-spreading severe viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) virus that needs to be urgently eradicated. sars-cov-2 has infected millions of people worldwide and results in more than three hundred thousand deaths. several repurposed drugs have failed to successfully eradicate the infection. multiorgan failure caused by pronounced inflammation and systemic coagulation accounts for severe complications and death associ ... | 2020 | 33084621 |
| aspergillosis complicating severe coronavirus disease. | aspergillosis complicating severe influenza infection has been increasingly detected worldwide. recently, coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (capa) has been detected through rapid reports, primarily from centers in europe. we provide a case series of capa, adding 20 cases to the literature, with review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and outcomes. the syndromes of pulmonary aspergillosis complicating severe viral infections are distinct from classic invasive aspergillosis, whi ... | 2020 | 33084566 |
| the covid-19 pandemic from a human genetic perspective. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has impacted a large portion of the world population. from a virus genetic perspective, a recent study described what genomic data revealed about the origin and emergence of sars-cov-2, proposing stronger action against illegal wildlife trade. in the current "big data" era, an increasing number of large-scale, multidimensional omics data sets were publicly available. herein, we review ... | 2020 | 33084340 |
| a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of renin-angiotensin system drugs and covid-19 clinical outcomes: what is the evidence so far? | conflicting evidence exists about the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (aceis)/angiotensin receptor blockers (arbs) on covid-19 clinical outcomes. we aimed to provide a comprehensive/updated evaluation of the effect of aceis/arbs on covid-19-related clinical outcomes, including exploration of interclass differences between aceis and arbs, using a systematic review/meta-analysis approach conducted in medline (ovid), embase, scopus, cochrane library, and medrxiv from inception to ... | 2020 | 33084232 |
| impact of covid-19 lockdown measures on oncological surgical activity: analysis of the surgical pathology caseload of a tertiary referral hospital in northwestern italy. | italy was severely affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. our institution, piedmont's largest tertiary referral center, was designated as a non-covid-19 hospital and activities were reorganized to prioritize critical services like oncological care. the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy in preserving the oncological surgical practice at our institution during the most critical months of the covid-19 epidemic by analyzing the surgical pathology ac ... | 2020 | 33084056 |
| the cross-talk between age, hypertension and inflammation in covid-19 patients: therapeutic targets. | this paper presents a brief overview of the complex interaction between age, hypertension, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas), inflammation, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) infection. coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is more frequent and more severe in comorbid elderly patients, especially those with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or cardiovascular diseases. there are concerns regarding the use of raas inhibitors in patients with covid-19. some p ... | 2020 | 33084001 |
| high versus standard doses of corticosteroids in severe covid-19: a retrospective cohort study. | despite the increasing evidence of the benefit of corticosteroids for the treatment of moderate-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients, no data are available about the potential role of high doses of steroids for these patients. we evaluated the mortality, the risk of need for mechanical ventilation (mv), or death and the risk of developing a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) between high (hd) and standard doses (sd) among patients with a severe covid-19. all consecu ... | 2020 | 33083917 |
| structural impact on sars-cov-2 spike protein by d614g substitution. | substitution for aspartic acid by glycine at position 614 in the spike (s) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic, appears to facilitate rapid viral spread. the g614 variant has now replaced the d614-carrying virus as the dominant circulating strain. we report here cryo-em structures of a full-length s trimer carrying g614, which adopts three distinct prefusion conformations differing primarily by the position of one r ... | 2020 | 33083806 |
| ongoing adaptive evolution and globalization of sars-cov-2. | unprecedented sequencing efforts have, as of october 2020, produced over 100,000 genomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) that is responsible for the ongoing covid-19 crisis. understanding the trends in sars-cov-2 evolution is paramount to control the pandemic. although this extensive data availability quickly facilitated the development of vaccine candidates 1 , major challenges in the analysis of this enormous dataset persist, limiting the ability of public healt ... | 2020 | 33083804 |
| the potential application of probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention and treatment of covid-19. | covid-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). this new viral infection was first identified in china in december 2019, and it has subsequently spread globally. the lack of a vaccine or curative treatment for covid-19 necessitates a focus on other strategies to prevent and treat the infection. probiotics consist of single or mixed cultures of live microorganisms that can beneficially affect the host by maintaining the ... | 2020 | 33083549 |
| role of monoclonal antibody drugs in the treatment of covid-19. | currently clinicians all around the world are experiencing a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the clinical presentation of this pathology includes fever, dry cough, fatigue and acute respiratory distress syndrome that can lead to death infected patients. current studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) continue to highlight the urgent need for an effective therapy. numerous therapeutic strategies have been used until now but, to date, there i ... | 2020 | 33083387 |
| liver dysfunction and its association with the risk of death in covid-19 patients: a prospective cohort study. | background and aims: coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a new respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (commonly known as sars-cov-2) with multiple organ injuries. the aim of this study was to analyze covid-19-associated liver dysfunction (ld), its association with the risk of death and prognosis after discharge. methods: three-hundred and fifty-five covid-19 patients were recruited. clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. ... | 2020 | 33083246 |
| acute mesenteric thrombosis in two patients with covid-19. two cases report and literature review. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) affects mainly the respiratory system, other organs may be involved, usually due to coagulation disturbances that lead to a high rate of thrombotic complications. | 2020 | 33083204 |
| post-extubation stridor complicating covid-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case series. | post-extubation stridor is a known complication of mechanical ventilation that affects a substantial number of all critical care patients and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. common risk factors for the development of post-extubation stridor include female gender, older age, and prolonged length of mechanical ventilation. there may be an increased incidence of post-extubation stridor in patients who require mechanical ventilation to manage the respiratory complications of covid-19. in ... | 2020 | 33083191 |
| a novel case of severe respiratory symptoms and persistent pulmonary hypertension in a saudi neonate with sars-cov-2 infection. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is an emergent disease that has spread rapidly to infect more than 210 countries across the world. with the increasing number of infected pregnant women, many physicians hypothesized the perinatal transmission as a potential route of transmission. some cases of perinatal transmission have been described, but it is unclear if these occurred via the transplacental or the transcervical routes or through environmental exposure. in this report, we described a case ... | 2020 | 33083174 |
| covid-19: molecular and serological detection methods. | since covid-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), was declared as a pandemic disease by the world health organization in early 2020, many countries, organizations and companies have tried to find the best way to diagnose the virus and contain its spreading. sars-cov-2 is a positive-sense single rna (+ssrna) coronavirus and mainly spreads through droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. the early detection of the virus plays a central role in low ... | 2020 | 33083156 |
| severe covid-19 in third trimester pregnancy: multidisciplinary approach. | the rapidly expanding cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) have exposed vulnerable populations, including pregnant women to an unprecedented public health crisis. recent data show that pregnancy in covid-19 patients is associated with increased hospitalization, admission of the intensive care unit, and intubation. however, very few resources exist to guide the multidisciplinary team in managing critically ill ... | 2020 | 33083063 |
| retrospective overview of a covid-19 outbreak in mauritania. | a coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak is currently ongoing in mauritania. until 1 july 2020, mauritania health authorities reported 41 862 serologic and real-time reverse transcriptase pcr tests performed, of which 4472 (10.7%) were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). male subjects were significantly more affected (57.1%) than female subjects (42.9%). individuals of the age groups 15-34 years (35.8%) and 35-54 years (36.6%) were the most affected. ... | 2020 | 33082959 |
| the outcome of hydroxychloroquine in patients treated for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. | the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) resulted in an unprecedented public health challenge worldwide. despite urgent and extensive global efforts, the existing evidence is inconclusive regarding the medications used for the treatment of covid-19. | 2020 | 33082891 |
| [treatment of severe covid-19 courses in intensive care medicine]. | the pandemic triggered by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has put intensive care medicine into the focus of public attention. the mortality of patients with the disease escalates, particularly at the moment when the treatment possibilities of intensive medical care end. in the routine intensive medical care practice, the challenges due to the special features of infections with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its treatment become obvious. these occur in t ... | 2020 | 33082880 |
| preparedness of nuclear medicine departments during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (covid-19) pandemic. | | 2020 | 33082672 |
| covid-19 and its impact on genitourinary malignancies. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has emerged as an alarming disease since december 2019, claiming the lives of thousands across the world to date. this pandemic has burdened healthcare systems all over the world due to its heavy death toll. researchers are actively working on effective treatment strategies, the scope of vaccination and the production of more medical equipment to tackle this crisis. however, it is important to note that the management of patients with malignanc ... | 2020 | 33082630 |
| point mutation bias in sars-cov-2 variants results in increased ability to stimulate inflammatory responses. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection induces severe pneumonia and is the cause of a worldwide pandemic. coronaviruses, including sars-cov-2, have rna proofreading enzymes in their genomes, resulting in fewer gene mutations than other rna viruses. nevertheless, variants of sars-cov-2 exist and may induce different symptoms; however, the factors and the impacts of these mutations are not well understood. we found that there is a bias to the mutations occurring in ... | 2020 | 33082451 |
| structural analysis of full-length sars-cov-2 spike protein from an advanced vaccine candidate. | vaccine efforts against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) responsible for the current covid-19 pandemic are focused on sars-cov-2 spike glycoprotein, the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. we performed cryo-em and site-specific glycan analysis of one of the leading subunit vaccine candidates from novavax based on a full-length spike protein formulated in polysorbate 80 (ps 80) detergent. our studies reveal a stable prefusion conformation of the spike immun ... | 2020 | 33082295 |
| neuropilin-1 facilitates sars-cov-2 cell entry and infectivity. | the causative agent of coronavirus induced disease 2019 (covid-19) is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). for many viruses, tissue tropism is determined by the availability of virus receptors and entry cofactors on the surface of host cells. here, we found that neuropilin-1 (nrp1), known to bind furin-cleaved substrates, significantly potentiates sars-cov-2 infectivity, an effect blocked by a monoclonal blocking antibody against nrp1. a sars-cov-2 mutant with an alt ... | 2020 | 33082293 |