| construction of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 prototype live negative-marker vaccine. | deletions were introduced into the urec and apxiia genes of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 strain by homologous recombination and counterselection. the double-mutant contains no foreign dna, is highly attenuated, protects pigs from homologous challenge upon a single aerosol application, and facilitates the serological discrimination of immunized and infected herds. | 2002 | 12438394 |
| concerted action of androgens and mechanical strain shifts bone metabolism from high turnover into an osteoanabolic mode. | adhesion of bone cells to the extracellular matrix is a crucial requirement for osteoblastic development and function. adhesion receptors connect the extracellular matrix with the cyto-skeleton and convey matrix deformation into the cell. we tested the hypothesis that sex hormones modulate mechanoperception of human osteoblastic cells (hob) by affecting expression of adhesion molecules like fibronectin and the fibronectin receptor. only dihydrotestosterone (dht), but not 17beta-estradiol, stimul ... | 2002 | 12438430 |
| factors affecting ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis in chickens. ii. effect of dietary asa and strain of chicken. | the present study examined the effect of supplemental ascorbic acid (asa) and ascertained if genotype is a determinant of biosynthesis and the response of strains to dietary asa. slow- (ottawa meat control; omc) and fast-growing (peterson enhanced x hubbard; peh) chicks were fed 1000 mg/kg asa from 1 to 10 weeks of age. the activity of l-gulonolactone oxidase (glo) was used to measure biosynthesis and estimated synthetic capacity (esc) computed. body weight was not affected by diets and relative ... | 2002 | 12452974 |
| [vibrio cholerae in madagascar: study of a multiresistant strain]. | madagascar was cholera free until march 1999. the first case was reported in mahajanga, a north west coast harbor. ten months later and despite a massive use of tetracycline as prophylactic drug, cholera had reached every region of the island. all suspected cholera samples were analysed at the pasteur institute of madagascar where susceptibility to tetracycline was systematically performed. on february 2000, a multidrug resistant strain of v. cholerae was isolated. we studied this strain by perf ... | 2001 | 12471739 |
| efficient gene identification and targeted gene disruption in the wheat blotch fungus mycosphaerella graminicola using tagko. | tagko ( transposon- arrayed gene knock out) is a highly efficient method for gene discovery and gene function assignment in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. here, we report the application of genome-wide tagko to the wheat blotch fungus mycosphaerella graminicola, including the successful development of electroporation-based transformation for this fungus. a m. graminicola genomic cosmid library was constructed and a pool of 250 cosmid clones was mutagenized by in vitro transposition. s ... | 2002 | 12478391 |
| cloning, sequencing and characterization of a gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase from zygosaccharomyces rouxii nrrl2547. | the dihydroxyacetone pathway, an alternative pathway for the dissimilation of glycerol via reduction by glycerol dehydrogenase and subsequent phosphorylation by dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinase, is activated in the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii during osmotic stress. in experiments aimed at investigating the physiological function of the dha pathway in z. rouxii, a typical osmotolerant yeast, we cloned and characterized a dak gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase from ... | 2002 | 12478592 |
| targeted gene disruption by homologous recombination in the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermococcus kodakaraensis kod1. | in contrast to the high accumulation in sequence data for hyperthermophilic archaea, methodology for genetically manipulating these strains is still at an early stage. this study aimed to develop a gene disruption system for the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon thermococcus kodakaraensis kod1. uracil-auxotrophic mutants with mutations in the orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene (pyrf) were isolated by positive selection using 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-foa) and used as hosts for further trans ... | 2003 | 12486058 |
| generation of helicobacter pylori ghosts by phix protein e-mediated inactivation and their evaluation as vaccine candidates. | bacterial ghosts are empty cell envelopes, which may be generated by the controlled expression of the phix174 lysis gene e in gram-negative bacteria to obtain vaccine candidates. we describe here the application of this technology to helicobacter pylori. the lysis gene cassette was cloned into an escherichia coli-helicobacter pylori shuttle vector and introduced into an h. pylori recipient strain by bacterial conjugation. temperature induction of the lysis gene cassette revealed a quantitative k ... | 2003 | 12496155 |
| expression of a fully functional cd1 nitrite reductase from pseudomonas aeruginosa in pseudomonas stutzeri. | nitrite reductases are redox enzymes catalysing the one electron reduction of nitrite to nitrogen monoxide (no) within the bacterial denitrification process. we have cloned the gene for cd(1) nitrite reductase (pa-nirs) from pseudomonas aeruginosa into the nirs(-) strain mk202 of pseudomonas stutzeri and expressed the enzyme under denitrifying conditions. in the mk202 strain, denitrification is abolished by the disruption of the endogenous nitrite reductase gene; thus, cells can be grown only in ... | 2003 | 12509983 |
| global regulation of staphylococcus aureus genes by rot. | staphylococcus aureus produces a wide array of cell surface and extracellular proteins involved in virulence. expression of these virulence factors is tightly controlled by numerous regulatory loci, including agr, sar, sigb, sae, and arl, as well as by a number of proteins with homology to sara. rot (repressor of toxins), a sara homologue, was previously identified in a library of transposon-induced mutants created in an agr-negative strain by screening for restored protease and alpha-toxin. to ... | 2003 | 12511508 |
| colonial morphology of burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar iii: implications in exopolysaccharide production, pilus expression, and persistence in the mouse. | the purpose of this study was to determine the role of colonial morphology of burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) organisms in pathogenicity in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. bcc strain c1394 was rapidly cleared by leukopenic mice after intranasal challenge, whereas a spontaneous variant (c1394mp2) that was indistinguishable from the parent strain by genetic typing persisted in the lungs and differed in colonial morphology. the parent strain had a matte colonial phenotype, made scant exopo ... | 2003 | 12540572 |
| urer, the transcriptional activator of the proteus mirabilis urease gene cluster, is required for urease activity and virulence in experimental urinary tract infections. | proteus mirabilis, a cause of complicated urinary tract infection, produces urease, an essential virulence factor for this species. urer, a member of the arac/xyls family of transcriptional regulators, positively activates expression of the ure gene cluster in the presence of urea. to specifically evaluate the contribution of urer to urease activity and virulence in the urinary tract, a urer mutation was introduced into p. mirabilis hi4320 by homologous recombination. the isogenic urer::apha mut ... | 2003 | 12540589 |
| [studies on in vitro expression for gi gene of marek's disease in e. coli by pgex vector]. | glycoprotein i gene(gi) was amplified from genomic dna of marek's disease virus (mdv) 648 strain by polymerase chain reaction(pcr). pcr product was cloned into pgex-6p-1 according to the right open reading frame(orf). the expression of gst-gi fusion protein was studied in detail on many factors including temperature, timing and iptg. the curve for od600 and the growing time of the recombinant bacteria is also established., which is helpful to find the optimal inducing time. gst-gi fusion protein ... | 2001 | 12552804 |
| [new subtype of coltivirus isolated from mosquitoes in the northeast part of china]. | the purpose of this study was to isolate new arbovirus from mosquitoes collected from the northeast part of china during the summer of 1996. | 1999 | 12569751 |
| aging of stromal-derived human breast fibroblasts might contribute to breast cancer progression. | age is an important factor in the development and spread of breast cancer. stromal cells also contribute to breast cancer growth and metastasis through the production of extracellular matrix (ecm) modifiers such as urokinase type plasminogen activator (upa), its receptor (upar), its inhibitors (pai-1 and pai-2), matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), and growth factors, including the fibroblast and insulin-like growth factors (fgf's and igf's). in the present study we have investigated whether breast ... | 2003 | 12574821 |
| health promotion in the workplace: the perspective of unskilled workers in a hospital setting. | it is important to explore the potential for health promotion from the perspective of participants in a particular situation. this study focuses on experiences of well-being and the potential for health promotion among unskilled workers in the kitchen and laundry room in an acute care hospital in iceland. these experiences are analysed in light of the material and structural factors that shape working conditions. the research method used was grounded theory. the data were formal and informal int ... | 2003 | 12581297 |
| generation of an infectious clone of vr-2332, a highly virulent north american-type isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | a full-length cdna clone of the prototypical north american porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) isolate vr-2332 was assembled in the plasmid vector pok(12). to rescue infectious virus, capped rna was transcribed in vitro from the pok(12) clone and transfected into bhk-21c cells. the supernatant from transfected monolayers were serially passaged on marc-145 cells and porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. infectious prrsv was recovered on marc-145 cells as well as porcine ... | 2003 | 12610145 |
| histopathological study of rabbit intestinal mucosa infected with a hybrid strain of shigella dysenteriae 1 carrying lps biosynthesis genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of salmonella enterica were introduced earlier into an invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain by triparental cross. antiserum was raised in rabbit against lipopolysaccharide isolated from the hybrid strain. both the hybrid and the invasive s. dysenteriae 1 strain were found to have a titer of 1:2560 while for s. enterica, it was 1:640. ligated ileal loops were prepared in rabbit, which were inoculated with 10(8) cfu ml(-1) each of the hybrid strain, and inva ... | 2003 | 12620623 |
| regulation of the intestinal epithelial response to cyclic strain by extracellular matrix proteins. | repetitive mechanical deformation may stimulate intestinal epithelial proliferation. because the extracellular matrix modulates static intestinal epithelial biology, we examined whether matrix proteins influence intestinal epithelial responses to deformation. human caco-2bbe cells and nontransformed human enterocytes (hipec) were subjected to 10% average cyclic strain at 10 cycles/min on flexible membranes precoated with matrix proteins without or with plasma fibronectin or functional anti-integ ... | 2003 | 12626437 |
| lack of polymorphism in a vibrio cholerae o139-specific dna region encoding the somatic antigen in strains isolated during 1993-1998. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged as a second aetiologic agent of cholera in south asia in late 1992. this new serogroup arose from a vibrio cholerae o1 strain by deletion of the chromosomal region encoding o1 specificity and acquisition of a novel 35-kb region encoding the o139 specificity. previous studies indicated significant phenotypic and genotypic changes in o139 isolates over the years since its first appearance. this prompted us to study possible polymorphism in the 35-kb novel region ... | 2003 | 12635933 |
| monoamine oxidase a-deficiency and noradrenergic respiratory regulations in neonatal mice. | in vitro experiments were performed on brainstem-spinal cord preparations from mouse neonates to compare the noradrenergic regulations of the respiratory network in the control c3h/hej strain and the transgenic tg8 strain which has been created from the c3h/hej strain by deletion of the gene encoding monoamine oxidase a (maoa), the main enzyme for serotonin degradation. in both control and maoa-deficient strains, we show: (i). that the pontine a5 area exerts a potent inhibitory modulation on the ... | 2003 | 12672546 |
| [high expression of lip1 in pichia pastoris]. | the gene of lip1, the most important isoenzyme of candida rugosa lipase (crl), was artificially synthesized according to its mature peptide sequence. it consisted of 20 codons of preference in pichia pastoris. the artificial gene was cloned into methanol-inducible expression vector ppiczalphaa, and constitutive expression vector pgapzalphaa, respectively. the linearized recombinant plasmids were transformed into chromosome of pichia pastoris smd1168h strain by electroporation. the abilities of e ... | 2003 | 12673392 |
| lactobacillus growth and membrane composition in the presence of linoleic or conjugated linoleic acid. | five lactobacillus strains of intestinal and food origins were grown in mrs broth or milk containing various concentrations of linoleic acid or conjugated linoleic acid (cla). the fatty acids had bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, or no effect depending on bacterial strain, fatty acid concentration, fatty acid type, and growth medium. both fatty acids displayed dose-dependent inhibition. all strains were inhibited to a greater extent by the fatty acids in broth than in milk. the cla isomer mixture w ... | 2003 | 12674348 |
| karyotype rearrangements in a wine yeast strain by rad52-dependent and rad52-independent mechanisms. | yeast strains isolated from the wild may undergo karyotype changes during vegetative growth, a characteristic that compromises their utility in genetic improvement projects for industrial purposes. karyotype instability is a dominant trait, segregating among meiotic derivatives as if it depended upon only a few genetic elements. we show that disrupting the rad52 gene in a hypervariable strain partially stabilizes its karyotype. specifically, rad52 disruption eliminated recombination at telomeric ... | 2003 | 12676696 |
| mutagenesis of subunit n of the escherichia coli complex i. identification of the initiation codon and the sensitivity of mutants to decylubiquinone. | the last gene in the nuo operon of escherichia coli, nuon, encodes a membrane-bound subunit of complex i (nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase). in this report, the gene for subunit n was disrupted by a 163 bp deletion in the chromosome, resulting in the loss of complex i function, as measured by deamino-nadh oxidase activity. this activity could be recovered after transformation of the mutant strain by a plasmid that contains the previously identified nuon gene and the upstream intergenic region betw ... | 2003 | 12718520 |
| n-hexane sensitivity of escherichia coli due to low expression of imp/osta encoding an 87 kda minor protein associated with the outer membrane. | most escherichia coli strains are resistant to n-hexane. e. coli ost4251 is a n-hexane-sensitive strain that was constructed by transferring the n-hexane-sensitive phenotype from a n-hexane-sensitive strain by p1 transduction. ost4251 is resistant to diphenyl ether, which is less harmful than n-hexane to micro-organisms. the genetic determinant responsible for this subtle difference in the solvent resistance is mapped at 1.2 min on the e. coli chromosome. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that ... | 2003 | 12724388 |
| adenoviral gizzard erosion in commercial broiler chickens. | pathologic and immunohistochemical changes caused by group i of the fowl adenovirus (fav) serotype-1 99zh strain, isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, were investigated in commercial broiler chickens. one hundred twenty-two chickens were inoculated with the strain by both oral and ocular routes at 1, 3, or 5 weeks of age and euthanatized for necropsy within 4-18 days of inoculation. focal gizzard erosions were observed in the inoculated chickens of each age group. a histolo ... | 2003 | 12724571 |
| ca2+ -dependence and inhibition of transformation by trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine in thermoactinomyces vulgaris. | ca(2+) enhanced the transformation frequency of thermoactinomyces vulgaris (stock no. 1278) of an auxotrophic strain by the chromosomal dna isolated from a prototrophic strain (stock no. 1227). the number of transformants showed a marked increase with increasing concentration of cacl(2) upto 0.05 mm; and above this concentration, the transformation frequency decreased significantly. antipsychotic drugs that are potent calmodulin inhibitors, like trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, when applied i ... | 2003 | 12732975 |
| the effect of short-term fasting on performance traits and rectal temperature of broilers during the summer season. | 1. the present study was conducted to determine if detrimental effects of high temperature on broiler performance could be overcome by short-term fasting and to examine the effect of food withdrawal on the responses of two commercial strains (s1 and s2). 2. an experimental design was used with three feeding groups and two strains. birds in the control (c) group were fed ad libitum during the experimental period (0 to 6 weeks), while feed was withdrawn in the other groups between 10:00 and 16:00 ... | 2003 | 12737230 |
| evidence for a role of mcm (mini-chromosome maintenance)5 in transcriptional repression of sub-telomeric and ty-proximal genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the mcm (mini-chromosome maintenance) genes have a well established role in the initiation of dna replication and in the elongation of replication forks in saccharomyces cerevisiae. in this study we demonstrate elevated expression of sub-telomeric and ty retrotransposon-proximal genes in two mcm5 strains. this pattern of up-regulated genes resembles the genome-wide association of mcm proteins to chromatin that was reported earlier. we link the altered gene expression in mcm5 strains to a reversa ... | 2003 | 12750362 |
| a novel process for the production of a veterinary rabies vaccine in bhk-21 cells grown on microcarriers in a 20-l bioreactor. | we studied bhk-21 cells growth in a 2-l bioreactor and investigated the effects of microcarrier concentration, type of growth medium, culture mode and serum concentration. the highest cell density reached was equal to 4x10(6) cells/ml and was achieved in minimum essential medium supplemented with hanks' salts, non-essential amino acids and 5% fetal calf serum, using a perfusion culture mode and a microcarrier concentration of 4 g cytodex 3/l. we studied rabies virus production (pv/bhk-21 strain) ... | 2003 | 12764557 |
| yeast autolytic mutants potentially useful for sparkling wine production. | a selection method, based on a temperature-sensitive autolytic phenotype, has been used to genetically improve a second fermentation saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain by uv mutagenesis. the mutations carried by the resulting strains affected cell morphology, growth kinetics, sporulation and the release of nitrogenous compounds in an accelerated autolysis experimental model. their fermentation power was not severely impaired. | 2003 | 12781950 |
| reducing lung strain after pneumonectomy impairs oxygen diffusing capacity but not ventilation-perfusion matching. | after pneumonectomy (pnx), mechanical strain on the remaining lung is an important signal for adaptation. to examine how mechanical lung strain alters gas exchange adaptation after pnx, we replaced the right lung of adult dogs with a custom-shaped inflatable silicone prosthesis. the prosthesis was kept 1) inflated (inf) to reduce mechanical strain of the remaining lung and maintain the mediastinum in the midline, or 2) deflated (def) to allow lung strain and mediastinal shift. gas exchange was s ... | 2003 | 12794035 |
| [expression of the human extracellular domain of high density lipoprotein receptor in methylotropic yeast]. | hdl receptor plays a very important role in reverse cholesterol transport, and it represents a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. for construction of an in vitro high-throughput drug screening model based on competitive receptor--ligand binding, the extracellular domain of hdl receptor was expressed in the methylotropic yeast pichia pastoris. the dna fragment encoding for extracellular domain of hdl receptor was cloned by rt-pcr from hepatoma bel-7402 total rna and the nucleotide sequ ... | 2003 | 12812071 |
| correlation between resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to quaternary ammonium compounds and expression of outer membrane protein oprr. | the adaptation mechanism of pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 10145 to quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) was investigated. a p. aeruginosa strain with adapted resistance to qacs was developed by a standard broth dilution method. it was revealed that p. aeruginosa exhibited remarkable resistance to n-dodecylpyridinium iodide (p-12), whose structure is similar to that of a common disinfectant, cetylpyridinium chloride. adapted resistance to benzalkonium chloride (bac), which is commonly used as a dis ... | 2003 | 12821452 |
| a modified saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that consumes l-arabinose and produces ethanol. | metabolic engineering is a powerful method to improve, redirect, or generate new metabolic reactions or whole pathways in microorganisms. here we describe the engineering of a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain able to utilize the pentose sugar l-arabinose for growth and to ferment it to ethanol. expanding the substrate fermentation range of s. cerevisiae to include pentoses is important for the utilization of this yeast in economically feasible biomass-to-ethanol fermentation processes. after over ... | 2003 | 12839792 |
| bacteriophage p1 ban protein is a hexameric dna helicase that interacts with and substitutes for escherichia coli dnab. | since the ban gene of bacteriophage p1 suppresses a number of conditionally lethal dnab mutations in escherichia coli, it was assumed that ban protein is a dna helicase (dnab analogue) that can substitute for dnab in the host replication machinery. we isolated and sequenced the ban gene, purified the product, and analysed the function of ban protein in vitro and in vivo. ban hydrolyses atp, unwinds dna and forms hexamers in the presence of atp and magnesium ions. since all existing conditionally ... | 2003 | 12853607 |
| control of growth, secondary metabolism and sporulation in streptomyces venezuelae isp5230 by jadw(1), a member of the afsa family of gamma-butyrolactone regulatory genes. | three new genes (jadw(1), jadw(2) and jadw(3)) were isolated from a region of the streptomyces venezuelae isp5230 chromosome at the left-hand end of the jad cluster for jadomycin b (jdb) biosynthesis. the deduced amino acid sequence of jadw(1) showed strong similarity to gene products associated in several streptomycetes with gamma-butyrolactone autoregulators controlling morphological differentiation and secondary metabolism. examination of jadw(1) for conserved domains detected a repeat sequen ... | 2003 | 12904539 |
| [identification and cloning of a novel full orf gene of p. falciparum pdz domain containing protein]. | to identify and clone a novel full orf gene of p. falciparum pdz domain containing protein (pfpcp) and study its expression at the erythrocytic stage. | 2001 | 12905862 |
| experimental murine cryptococcal infection results in contamination of bedding with cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that survives in diverse environments. to determine whether cages of mice infected with c. neoformans posed an infection risk to animal caregivers, we investigated whether the fungus could be isolated from the bedding or stool of mice infected by intratracheal (i.t.), intravenous (i.v.), or intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes. the bedding of mice infected i.t. was contaminated with c. neoformans. in contrast, no contamination of bedding with c. neoformans w ... | 2003 | 12906395 |
| [molecular epidemical characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the nationwide random survey for the epidemiology of tuberculosis in china, 2000]. | to explore the epidemical distribution characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from china. | 2003 | 12930632 |
| chemical genomic profiling of biological networks using graph theory and combinations of small molecule perturbations. | genome-wide measurements of multiple experimental samples yield rich fingerprints for comparison and interpretation. here, a two-dimensional matrix of the cellular effects of all possible pairwise combinations of 24 small molecules, each with a different structure and bioactivity, was used to profile otherwise isogenic deletion strains of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. using principles from graph theory, we derived a discrete model of the data for each strain by encoding the information in ... | 2003 | 12940736 |
| restriction of amino acid change in influenza a virus h3ha: comparison of amino acid changes observed in nature and in vitro. | we introduced 248 single-point amino acid changes into hemagglutinin (ha) protein of the a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) strain by a pcr random mutation method. these changes were classified as positive or negative according to their effect on hemadsorption activity. we observed following results. (i) the percentage of surviving amino acid changes on the ha1 domain that did not abrogate hemadsorption activity was calculated to be ca. 44%. in nature, it is estimated to be ca. 39.6%. this difference in surviv ... | 2003 | 12941919 |
| identification and characterization of a new enoyl coenzyme a hydratase involved in biosynthesis of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates in recombinant escherichia coli. | the biosynthetic pathway of medium-chain-length (mcl) polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) from fatty acids has been established in fadb mutant escherichia coli strain by expressing the mcl-pha synthase gene. however, the enzymes that are responsible for the generation of (r)-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme a (r3ha-coas), the substrates for pha synthase, have not been thoroughly elucidated. escherichia coli maoc, which is homologous to pseudomonas aeruginosa (r)-specific enoyl-coa hydratase (phaj1), was identifi ... | 2003 | 12949091 |
| effect of stromal-cell-derived factor 1 on stem-cell homing and tissue regeneration in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. | myocardial regeneration via stem-cell mobilisation at the time of myocardial infarction is known to occur, although the mechanism for stem-cell homing to infarcted tissue subsequently and whether this approach can be used for treatment of ischaemic cardiomyopathy are unknown. we investigated these issues in a lewis rat model (ligation of the left anterior descending artery) of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. | 2003 | 12957092 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of vancomycin-resistant streptococcus equinus isolated from animal foods and epidemiological typing of resistant s. equinus by microbial uniprimer kit. | raw milk samples, and cow and chicken intestines were tested to isolate vancomycin-resistant, gram-positive bacteria. from these samples, we isolated seven vancomycin-resistant streptococcus equinus, two vancomycin-resistant viridans streptococcus and two vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. the mics of several antibiotics, including vancomycin, against these strains were tested. seven isolates of s. equinus showed high level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin (>100 microg/ml). the c ... | 2003 | 12967199 |
| [modifications induced in shigella flexneri strain by cultivation in homologous immune serum]. | | 1953 | 13168108 |
| study on the chlortetracycline; improvement of chlortetracycline-producing strain by several kinds of methods. | | 1954 | 13174449 |
| studies on streptococcus pyogenes. i. observations on the microscopical and biological aspects of the disintegration and solubilization of a type 6 strain by sonic oscillation. | | 1956 | 13295201 |
| studies on streptococcus pyogenes. ii. observations on the microscopical and biological aspects of the disintegration and solubilization of a type 6 strain by shaking with glass beads. | | 1956 | 13345771 |
| growth inhibition of a human tumor cell strain by 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorouridine, and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine; reversal studies. | | 1958 | 13561271 |
| growth inhibition of a human tumor cell strain by 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine: time parameters for subsequent reversal by thymidine. | | 1959 | 13663041 |
| growth inhibition of a human tumor cell strain by 5-fluorocytidine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine: reversal studies. | | 1959 | 13671426 |
| multiple resistance of enteric bacteria and transmission of drug-resistance to other strain by mixed cultivation. | | 1960 | 13771417 |
| transduction of the attached sex factor of escherichia coli. | dewitt, susanne k. (university of california, berkeley) and edward a. adelberg. transduction of the attached sex factor of escherichia coli. j. bacteriol. 83:673-678. 1962.-the linkage of the sex factor to one extremity of the chromosome in hfr cells of escherichia coli has been confirmed by transduction experiments. in hfr p4x-6, lac is the last marker to penetrate the female during conjugation. when lac(+) was transduced from p4x-6 into a lac(-) strain by phage plkc, 5% cotransduction of the s ... | 1962 | 13885924 |
| studies on attenuation of poliovirus. ii. attenuation of poliovirus (type 3, saukett strain) by modified passage in developing chick embryo and chick cell culture. | | 1962 | 13980305 |
| [experimental transmission of leishmania braziliensis. ii. transmission of a mexican strain by the bite of phlebotomus iongipalpis and phlebotomus renel]. | | 1962 | 14021934 |
| [transmission of the mouse krebs 2 ascites carcinoma strain by inoculation of acellular fractions]. | | 1963 | 14106146 |
| [changing the antibiotic sensitivity of a staphylococcus pyogenes strain by human serum in vitro]. | | 1965 | 14308647 |
| [transformation of atoxic c. diphtheriae into toxigenic and pathogenic strain by means of a specific bacteriophage]. | | 1955 | 14385671 |
| the global regulator arca modulates expression of virulence factors in vibrio cholerae. | a vibrio cholerae arca mutant was constructed and used to examine the role of the global anaerobiosis response regulator arca in the expression of virulence factors in this important human pathogen. in v. cholerae, expression of the major virulence factors cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) is regulated by the transcriptional activator toxt. toxt expression, in turn, is controlled by the transmembrane dna binding proteins toxr and tcpp. in the v. cholerae arca mutant, although ... | 2003 | 14500477 |
| role of m3 protein in the adherence and internalization of an invasive streptococcus pyogenes strain by epithelial cells. | streptococcus pyogenes utilizes multiple mechanisms for adherence to and internalization by epithelial cells. one of the molecules suggested of being involved in adherence and internalization is the m protein. although strains of the m3 serotype form the second largest group isolated from patients with severe invasive diseases and fatal infections, not much information is known regarding the interactions of m3 protein with mammalian cells. in this study we have constructed an emm3 mutant of an i ... | 2003 | 14522456 |
| utility of multilocus sequence typing as an epidemiological tool for investigation of outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter jejuni. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) has been proven useful for the study of the global population structure of campylobacter jejuni; however, its usefulness for the investigation of outbreaks of disease caused by c. jejuni has not been proven. in this study, mlst plus sequencing of the flaa short variable region (svr) were applied to 47 isolates from 12 outbreaks of c. jejuni infection whose relatedness has been determined previously, and the results were compared to those of serotyping and pulsed ... | 2003 | 14532212 |
| large scale production of biologically active escherichia coli glutamyl-trna reductase from inclusion bodies. | glutamyl-trna reductase catalyzes the initial step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants and prokaryotes. recombinant escherichia coli glutamyl-trna reductase was purified to apparent homogeneity from an overproducing e. coli strain by a two-step procedure yielding 5.6 mg of enzyme per gram of wet cells with a specific activity of 0.47 micromol min(-1)mg(-1). after recombinant production, denatured glutamyl-trna reductase from inclusion bodies was renatured by an on-column refolding procedure. ... | 2003 | 14550647 |
| neisseria meningitidis carriage during an outbreak of serogroup c disease. | during 2001, an outbreak of serogroup c meningococcal disease led to immunization of individuals aged 13-29 years in abbotsford, british columbia, canada. this study addresses the distribution of neisseria meningitidis carriage in this population and the implications of that distribution for the targeting of the immunization campaign. pharyngeal swabs were obtained at immunization from 2004 people. colonies were identified and serogrouped using standard agglutination methods and by pcr. isolates ... | 2003 | 14557962 |
| [recombinant ospc identification and antigenicity detection from borrelia burgdorferi pd91 in china]. | to recombine ospc gene from borrelia burgdorferi pd91 of china and expressed it in e. coli for early diagnosis of lyme disease. | 2003 | 14575608 |
| identification of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the chicken insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 genes and their associations with growth and feeding traits. | the chicken insulin-like growth factor (igf)1 and igf2 genes have been partially sequenced in six individuals of each of two chicken strains of the black penedesenca breed (pn and mn). these two strains are genetically diverse for growth traits. sequence alignment revealed the existence of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) (igf1-snp1, igf2-snp2, and igf2-snp3). these three snp and a fourth igf1 polymorphism (igf1-snp4) were typed in 60 individuals from each strain by using pcr-rflp or ... | 2003 | 14601723 |
| innovative approach for improvement of an antibiotic-overproducing industrial strain of streptomyces albus. | working with a streptomyces albus strain that had previously been bred to produce industrial amounts (10 mg/ml) of salinomycin, we demonstrated the efficacy of introducing drug resistance-producing mutations for further strain improvement. mutants with enhanced salinomycin production were detected at a high incidence (7 to 12%) among spontaneous isolates resistant to streptomycin (str(r)), gentamicin, or rifampin (rif(r)). finally, we successfully demonstrated improvement of the salinomycin prod ... | 2003 | 14602594 |
| disruption of mptpb impairs the ability of mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive in guinea pigs. | protein tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases from several bacterial pathogens have been shown to act as virulence factors by modulating the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of host proteins. the identification and characterization of two tyrosine phosphatases namely mptpa and mptpb from mycobacterium tuberculosis has been reported earlier. mptpb is secreted by m. tuberculosis into extracellular mileu and exhibits a ph optimum of 5.6, similar to the ph of the lysosomal compartment of t ... | 2003 | 14617138 |
| identification and characterization of a peptidoglycan hydrolase, mura, of listeria monocytogenes, a muramidase needed for cell separation. | a novel cell wall hydrolase encoded by the mura gene of listeria monocytogenes is reported here. mature mura is a 66-kda cell surface protein that is recognized by the well-characterized l. monocytogenes-specific monoclonal antibody em-7g1. mura displays two characteristic features: (i) an n-terminal domain with homology to muramidases from several gram-positive bacterial species and (ii) four copies of a cell wall-anchoring lysm repeat motif present within its c-terminal domain. purified recomb ... | 2003 | 14617644 |
| construction of a trp- commercial baker's yeast strain by using food-safe-grade dominant drug resistance cassettes. | we have designed a food-safe-grade module for gene disruptions in commercial baker's yeast strains, which contains the g418 resistance cassette, kanmx4, flanked by direct repeats from the mel1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae. this module was used to obtain a trp(-) auxotrophic mutant of the polyploid hy strain by successive targeting to the trp1 locus and later in vivo excision of the kan(r) marker. southern blot analysis indicated that hy contains five copies of the trp1 gene. however, after f ... | 2003 | 14654438 |
| development of an efficient method for recovery of puumala and puumala-related viruses by inoculation of mongolian gerbils. | puumala (puu) virus and puu-related viruses are difficult to isolate in cell culture. to determine whether animal inoculation would be a better alternative for virus recovery, the sotkamo strain of puu virus was inoculated into several animal species. newborn mongolian gerbils (mgs), mice, and rats were infected with the sotkamo strain by intracerebral (ic), intraperitoneal (ip), and subcutaneous (sc) inoculation. antibodies to puu appeared in mgs at 30 days post-infection (dpi), and in mice and ... | 2003 | 14665747 |
| an approach based on rflp assay to investigate outbreaks of enteroviral meningitis. | enteroviruses (ev) circulate worldwide and are a major cause for annual epidemics of meningitis in humans. during the last two decades, echovirus type 30 (e-30) has revealed to be one of the most prevalent enteroviruses at the origin of epidemics of ev meningitis. | 2004 | 14675871 |
| elisa detection of vivax malaria with recombinant multiple stage-specific antigens and its application to survey of residents in endemic areas. | an elisa was developed for the diagnosis of vivax malaria using multiple stage-specific recombinant antigens of plasmodium vivax. the dna from the whole blood of a malaria patient was used as template to amplify the coding regions for the antigenic domains of circumsporozoite protein (csp-1), merozoite surface protein (msp-1), apical merozoite antigen (ama-1), serine repeat antigen (sera), and exported antigen (exp-1). each amplified dna fragment was inserted into pqe30 plasmid to induce the exp ... | 2003 | 14699261 |
| relationship of binding of immunoglobulin g to plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes with parasite endemicity and antibody responses to conserved antigen in immune individuals. | to investigate the potential for use of a well-established strain of plasmodium falciparum as a reference strain for infected red blood cell (irbc) surface reactivity, we monitored the binding of specific immunoglobulin g (igg) from immune individuals to the reference knob-positive fcr3 strain by flow cytometry. to permit interassay comparison for 162 plasma samples drawn after the rainy season, a labeling index (li) was defined as the percentage of labeled parasites multiplied by the mean peak ... | 2004 | 14715538 |
| mathematical modeling of airway epithelial wound closure during cyclic mechanical strain. | the repair of airway epithelium after injury is crucial in restoring epithelial barrier integrity. because the airways are stretched and compressed due to changes in both circumferential and longitudinal dimensions during respiration and may be overdistended during mechanical ventilation, we investigated the effect of cyclic strain on the repair of epithelial wounds. both cyclic elongation and compression significantly slowed repair, with compression having the greatest effect. we developed a ma ... | 2004 | 14715680 |
| experimental infection of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with ehrlichia chaffeensis by different inoculation routes. | the infection dynamics of the tick-transmitted organism ehrlichia chaffeensis were investigated in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) using different routes of inoculation. six deer were each inoculated with 5.4 x 10(6) dh82 cells infected with e. chaffeensis (arkansas strain) by three different routes: intravenous (n = 2), subcutaneous (n = 2), and intradermal (n = 2). two control deer were inoculated with uninfected cells. infections were monitored for 54 days and were continued in one ... | 2003 | 14733284 |
| evolutional analysis of human influenza a virus n2 neuraminidase genes based on the transition of the low-ph stability of sialidase activity. | the 1957 and 1968 human pandemic influenza a virus strains as well as duck viruses possess sialidase activity under low-ph conditions, but human h3n2 strains isolated after 1968 do not possess such activity. we investigated the transition of avian (duck)-like low-ph stability of sialidase activities with the evolution of n2 neuraminidase (na) genes in human influenza a virus strains. we found that the na genes of h3n2 viruses isolated from 1971 to 1982 had evolved from the side branches of na ge ... | 2004 | 14741372 |
| new method of differentiating wild-type varicella-zoster virus (vzv) strains from oka varicella vaccine strain by vzv orf 6-based pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a new method was developed to distinguish accurately wild-type varicella-zoster virus (vzv) strains from the oka vaccine strain. several dna fragments covering open reading frame (orf) 1-37 were amplified from wild-type vzv strains including the oka parent strain and from the oka vaccine strain. restriction fragment length polymorphisms of these regions were compared, and nucleotide differences between the vaccine virus and other wild-type vzv strains were noted in orfs 6, 10, and 35. in additio ... | 2004 | 14747030 |
| [human metapneumovirus may associate with acute respiratory infections in hospitalized pediatric patients in beijing, china]. | a new respiratory virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was recently identified by scientists in the netherlands first and then in a few other countries. to investigate if this newly discovered virus is associated with the acute respiratory infections in pediatric patients in beijing, tests were developed to detect hpmv gene fragments from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from infants and young children hospitalized for acute respiratory infections from november 2002 to march 2003. | 2003 | 14749002 |
| cellulolysis is severely affected in clostridium cellulolyticum strain cipcmut1. | progress towards understanding the molecular basis of cellulolysis by clostridium cellulolyticm was obtained through the study of the first cellulolysis defective mutant strain, namely cipcmut1. in this mutant, a 2 659 bp insertion element, disrupts the cipc gene at the sequence encoding the seventh cohesin of the scaffoldin cipc. cipc is the first gene in a large 'cel' gene cluster, encoding several enzymatic subunits of the cellulosomes, including the processive cellulase cel48f, which is the ... | 2004 | 14756796 |
| [virulence factors of clinical aeromonas caviae isolates]. | aeromonas caviae, an ubiquitous aquatic organism, has long been considered to be of low pathogenicity, and its virulence mechanisms are still not clearly understood. twenty-eight a. caviae isolates of clinical origin, most often monomicrobic, were identified in our university hospital over a four year period. patients, mostly immunocompromised, were: eight diarrhoeal infants, 13 diarrhoeal adults, seven bacteraemic adults. adults were frequently suffering from underlying intestinal malignancy, h ... | 2004 | 14761709 |
| [suppression effects of interleukin-10 on mouse herpetic stromal keratitis]. | to investigate the role of interleukin-10 (il-10) in herpetic stromal keratitis (hsk). | 2003 | 14766072 |
| concentration of influenza virus (pr8 strain) by a cation exchange resin. | | 1952 | 14930060 |
| role of histone-like protein h-ns in multidrug resistance of escherichia coli. | the histone-like protein h-ns is a major component of the bacterial nucleoid and plays a crucial role in global gene regulation of enteric bacteria. it is known that the expression of a variety of genes is repressed by h-ns, and mutations in hns result in various phenotypes, but the role of h-ns in the drug resistance of escherichia coli has not been known. here we present data showing that h-ns contributes to multidrug resistance by regulating the expression of multidrug exporter genes. deletio ... | 2004 | 14973023 |
| repair of oxidative damage in mitochondrial dna of saccharomyces cerevisiae: involvement of the msh1-dependent pathway. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is located close to the respiratory chain, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ros). this proximity makes mtdna more vulnerable than nuclear dna to damage by ros. therefore, the efficient repair of oxidative lesions in mtdna is essential for maintaining the stability of the mitochondrial genome. a series of genetic and biochemical studies has indicated that eukaryotic cells, including the model organism saccharomyces cerevisiae, use several alternative strategies ... | 2004 | 15010316 |
| production of phenyllactic acid by lactic acid bacteria: an approach to the selection of strains contributing to food quality and preservation. | the ability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to produce phenyllactic (pla) and 4-hydroxy-phenyllactic (oh-pla) acids, metabolites involved in food quality and preservation, has been evaluated by hplc analysis in 29 lab strains belonging to 12 species widely used in the production of fermented foods. metabolite production was demonstrated for all strains of the species lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus alimentarius, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, lactobacillus hilgardi ... | 2004 | 15063498 |
| deletion and complementation of the mating type (mat) locus of the wheat head blight pathogen gibberella zeae. | gibberella zeae, a self-fertile, haploid filamentous ascomycete, causes serious epidemics of wheat (triticum aestivum) head blight worldwide and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins. anecdotal evidence dating back to the late 19th century indicates that g. zeae ascospores (sexual spores) are a more important inoculum source than are macroconidia (asexual spores), although the fungus can produce both during wheat head blight epidemics. to develop fungal strains to test this hypothesis ... | 2004 | 15066842 |
| [the influence of lipopolysaccharides and glucans from two rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains on the formation and efficiency of their symbioses with pea plants]. | the influence of lipopolysaccharides (lps), glucans, and their unseparated complexes on nodulation activity of rhizobia and efficiency of their symbioses with pea plants was studied in vegetation experiments. two rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains which differed in their symbiotic properties were used: strain 31 (fix+, efficient, moderately virulent, moderately competitive), and strain 248b (fix-, inefficient, highly virulent, highly competitive). preparations of lps-glucan complex and t ... | 2004 | 15074042 |
| genomic characterization of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from wine-producing areas in south america. | the wide use of yeast inoculum for wine fermentations permit the spreading of commercial saccharomyces strains in wine areas all over the world. to study the impact of this practice on the autochthonous yeast populations it is necessary to have tools that permit the evaluation of the geographical origin of native isolates and differentiate them from commercial strains. | 2004 | 15078534 |
| unique properties of a renal sulfotransferase, st1d1, in dopamine metabolism. | although catecholamine sulfation is higher in the kidney than in the liver of mice, no detectable amounts of previously reported sulfotransferases (sts) such as st1a, st1b, st1c, and st1e were expressed in mouse kidney cytosols. a new sulfotransferase (st1d1) cdna was isolated from kidney cdna library of balb/c strain by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) using information from expressed sequence tags (est) database. the cdna sequence resembled that of cdna reported previous ... | 2004 | 15087475 |
| mitochondrial requirement for endothelial responses to cyclic strain: implications for mechanotransduction. | mechanical strain triggers a variety of cellular responses, but the underlying mechanotransduction process has not been established. endothelial cells (ec) respond to mechanical strain by upregulating adhesion molecule expression through a signaling process involving reactive oxygen species (ros), but the site of their generation is unknown. mitochondria anchor to the cytoskeleton and could function as mechanotransducers by releasing ros during cytoskeletal strain. in human umbilical vein ec (hu ... | 2004 | 15090367 |
| cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity of the thermostable direct hemolysin-deletion mutants of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) has been proposed to be a major virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus. we have recently completed the genome sequence of a tdh-producing v. parahaemolyticus strain, rimd2210633. in this study, we constructed tdh-deletion mutants from the sequenced strain by homologous recombination and analyzed their phenotypes. although the deletion of both copies of tdh completely abolished the hemolytic activity of the wild-type strain, the deletion did not affect ... | 2004 | 15107542 |
| coronaviridae and sars-associated coronavirus strain hsr1. | during the recent severe acute respiratory (sars) outbreak, the etiologic agent was identified as a new coronavirus (cov). we have isolated a sars-associated cov (sars-cov) strain by injecting vero cells with a sputum specimen from an italian patient affected by a severe pneumonia; the patient traveled from vietnam to italy in march 2003. ultrastructural analysis of infected vero cells showed the virions within cell vesicles and around the cell membrane. the full-length viral genome sequence was ... | 2004 | 15109406 |
| [study on gene knock-out in mycobacterium bcg]. | to establish the methodology of plasmid for gene knock-out in mycobacterium bcg. | 2004 | 15130330 |
| serotyping of 800 strains of erysipelothrix isolated from pigs affected with erysipelas and discrimination of attenuated live vaccine strain by genotyping. | eight hundred erysipelothrix strains isolated between 1992 and 2002 from swine with erysipelas in japan were serotyped. thirty-seven, 47, 73, and 643 strains were isolated from animals with acute septicemia, urticaria, chronic endocarditis, and chronic arthritis, respectively, of which 381, 146, 254, and 19 isolates belonged to serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2b and other serotypes, respectively. all serotype 1a isolates were further examined for acriflavine resistance and their genotypes to discriminate ... | 2004 | 15131179 |
| therapeutic efficacy of lipoic acid in combination with dimercaptosuccinic acid against lead-induced renal tubular defects and on isolated brush-border enzyme activities. | the combined therapeutic potentials of lipoic acid and dimercaptosuccinic acid were compared against their sole administrations in restoring the altered lead sensitive indices in urine and isolated renal brush-border preparations. toxicity was induced in male albino rats (wistar strain) by administering lead acetate (0.2%) in drinking water for 5 weeks, followed by therapy comprising lipoic acid (25 mg/kg body weight) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (20 mg/kg body weight) solely as well as combined ... | 2004 | 15135082 |
| disruption of drosophila rad50 causes pupal lethality, the accumulation of dna double-strand breaks and the induction of apoptosis in third instar larvae. | the rad50/mre11/nbs1 protein complex has a crucial role in dna metabolism, in particular in double-strand break (dsb) repair through homologous recombination (hr). to elucidate the role of the rad50 protein complex in dsb repair in a multicellular eukaryote, we generated a rad50 deficient drosophila strain by p-element mediated mutagenesis. disruption of rad50 causes retarded development and pupal lethality. to investigate the mechanism of pupal death, brains and wing imaginal discs from third i ... | 2004 | 15135728 |
| a klebsiella pneumoniae producing three kinds of class a beta-lactamases encoded by one single plasmid isolated from a patient in huashan hospital, shanghai, china. | a klebsiella pneumoniae strain was isolated from a sputum specimen of a patient in the intensive care unit in 1999 in shanghai huashan hospital, china. the isolate was confirmed as an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing strain by double-disk synergy test. the results of susceptibility test showed that it was resistant to most beta-lactams (including third generation cephalosporins) and non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. transconjugants were obtained at a frequency of 10(-4). a p ... | 2004 | 15164967 |
| neuroendocrine transcriptome in genetic hypertension: multiple changes in diverse adrenal physiological systems. | the genetic basis of hypertension in the genetically/hereditary hypertensive (bph/2) mouse strain is incompletely understood, although a recent genome scan uncovered evidence for several susceptibility loci. to probe the neuroendocrine transcriptome in this disease model, 12 488 probe set microarray experiments were performed on mrna transcripts from adrenal glands of juvenile (prehypertensive) and adult bph/2 (hypertensive), as well as the genetically/hereditary low-blood pressure (bpl/1), stra ... | 2004 | 15166183 |