| constance k. greene. | | 2016 | 4947135 |
| [la fontaine and the apothecaries]. | | 2016 | 4929537 |
| [the treatment of bone cavities in the jaw region with the "kiel bone chip"]. | | 2016 | 4871462 |
| the effect of pharmacologic agents on salivary secretion and composition. ii. isoproterenol,alpha and beta adrenergic blockers. | | 2016 | 4868309 |
| airway management in patients with pierre robin syndrome. | | 2016 | 4959074 |
| experimental blackout and the visual system. | | 2016 | 4860699 |
| aspects of non-invasive cardiac monitoring. | | 2016 | 4824519 |
| personality characteristics associated with originality and elaboration. | | 2016 | 4820516 |
| the gift of the college fountain. | | 2016 | 4931385 |
| carotid cerebral angiography at ibadan, nigeria. | | 2016 | 4807488 |
| ethnobotanical search for hallucinogenic cacti. | | 2016 | 4789553 |
| [psychologic diagnostic methods in the study of brain-damaged children]. | in a survey the author describes the present state of experimental identification of the psychic consequences of slight early-childhood brain damages to intelligence, perception, motoricity, concentration, memory, and personality structure. it is even with the most useful psychological methods that only significant group differences between brain-damaged and healthy children may be found, which do not allow a completely reliable individual diagnosis. an increase in the reliability of such psycho ... | 2016 | 5006386 |
| [the progress of medical sociology in france]. | | 2016 | 4749301 |
| post-irradiation skin-cancer. | | 2016 | 4742719 |
| haematological values in an adult rural gambian population. | | 2016 | 4671299 |
| quantitative rt-pcr profiling of the rabbit immune response: assessment of acute shigella flexneri infection. | quantitative reverse transcription pcr analysis is an important tool to monitor changes in gene expression in animal models. the rabbit is a widely accepted and commonly used animal model in the study of human diseases and infections by viral, fungal, bacterial and protozoan pathogens. only a limited number of rabbit genes have, however, been analyzed by this method as the rabbit genome sequence remains unfinished. recently, increasing coverage of the genome has permitted the prediction of a gro ... | 2012 | 22675469 |
| visualization of the type iii secretion sorting platform of shigella flexneri. | bacterial type iii secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. these secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagella and consist of a large cytoplasmic complex, a transmembrane basal body, and an extracellular needle. the cytoplasmic complex forms a sorting platform essential for effector selection and needle assembly, but it remains largely uncharacterized. here we use high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-et) to visual ... | 2015 | 25583506 |
| using tomoauto: a protocol for high-throughput automated cryo-electron tomography. | cryo-electron tomography (cryo-et) is a powerful three-dimensional (3-d) imaging technique for visualizing macromolecular complexes in their native context at a molecular level. the technique involves initially preserving the sample in its native state by rapidly freezing the specimen in vitreous ice, then collecting a series of micrographs from different angles at high magnification, and finally computationally reconstructing a 3-d density map. the frozen-hydrated specimen is extremely sensitiv ... | 2016 | 26863591 |
| the outer membrane phospholipase a is essential for membrane integrity and type iii secretion in shigella flexneri. | outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla) is an enzyme located in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. ompla exhibits broad substrate specificity, and some of its substrates are located in the cellular envelope. generally, the enzymatic activity can only be induced by perturbation of the cell envelope integrity through diverse methods. although ompla has been thoroughly studied as a membrane protein in escherichia coli and is constitutively expressed in many other bacterial pathogens, litt ... | 2016 | 27655730 |
| ultrafiltration and microarray for detection of microbial source tracking marker and pathogen genes in riverine and marine systems. | pathogen identification and microbial source tracking (mst) to identify sources of fecal pollution improve evaluation of water quality. they contribute to improved assessment of human health risks and remediation of pollution sources. an mst microarray was used to simultaneously detect genes for multiple pathogens and indicators of fecal pollution in freshwater, marine water, sewage-contaminated freshwater and marine water, and treated wastewater. dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) was used to conc ... | 2016 | 26729716 |
| architecture of the major component of the type iii secretion system export apparatus. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are bacterial membrane-embedded nanomachines designed to export specifically targeted proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm. secretion through t3ss is governed by a subset of inner membrane proteins termed the 'export apparatus'. we show that a key member of the shigella flexneri export apparatus, mxia, assembles into a ring essential for secretion in vivo. the ring-forming interfaces are well-conserved in both nonflagellar and flagellar homologs, implying that ... | 2012 | 23222644 |
| a novel plasmid-encoded serotype conversion mechanism through addition of phosphoethanolamine to the o-antigen of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is the major pathogen causing bacillary dysentery in developing countries. s. flexneri is divided into at least 16 serotypes based on the combination of antigenic determinants present in the o-antigen. all the serotypes (except for serotype 6) share a basic o-unit containing one n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and three l-rhamnose residues, whereas differences between the serotypes are conferred by phage-encoded glucosylation and/or o-acetylation. serotype xv is a newly emerged and the ... | 2012 | 23049947 |
| storing drinking-water in copper pots kills contaminating diarrhoeagenic bacteria. | microbially-unsafe water is still a major concern in most developing countries. although many water-purification methods exist, these are expensive and beyond the reach of many people, especially in rural areas. ayurveda recommends the use of copper for storing drinking-water. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper pot on microbially-contaminated drinking-water. the antibacterial effect of copper pot against important diarrhoeagenic bacteria, including vibrio ... | 2012 | 22524115 |
| distinct roles of secreted htra proteases from gram-negative pathogens in cleaving the junctional protein and tumor suppressor e-cadherin. | the periplasmic chaperone and serine protease htra is important for bacterial stress responses and protein quality control. recently, we discovered that htra from helicobacter pylori is secreted and cleaves e-cadherin to disrupt the epithelial barrier, but it remained unknown whether this maybe a general virulence mechanism. here, we show that important other pathogens including enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and campylobacter jejuni, but not neisseria gonorrhoeae, cleaved ... | 2012 | 22337879 |
| characterization of intracellular growth regulator icgr by utilizing transcriptomics to identify mediators of pathogenesis in shigella flexneri. | shigella species gram-negative bacteria which cause a diarrheal disease, known as shigellosis, by invading and destroying the colonic mucosa and inducing a robust inflammatory response. with no vaccine available, shigellosis annually kills over 600,000 children in developing countries. this study demonstrates the utility of combining high-throughput bioinformatic methods with in vitro and in vivo assays to provide new insights into pathogenesis. comparisons of in vivo and in vitro gene expressio ... | 2013 | 23753632 |
| deletion of pic results in decreased virulence for a clinical isolate of shigella flexneri 2a from china. | shigella is a major pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery, a severe form of shigellosis. severity of the disease depends on the virulence of the infecting strain. shigella pathogenicity is a multi-gene phenomenon, involving the participation of genes on an unstable large virulence plasmid and chromosomal pathogenicity islands. | 2013 | 23391153 |
| development of an aotus nancymaae model for shigella vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy studies. | several animal models exist to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of candidate shigella vaccines. the two most widely used nonprimate models for vaccine development include a murine pulmonary challenge model and a guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. nonhuman primate models exhibit clinical features and gross and microscopic colonic lesions that mimic those induced in human shigellosis. challenge models for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and campylobacter spp. have be ... | 2014 | 24595138 |
| the periplasmic enzyme, ansb, of shigella flexneri modulates bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells. | s. flexneri strains, most frequently linked with endemic outbreaks of shigellosis, invade the colonic and rectal epithelium of their host and cause severe tissue damage. here we have attempted to elucidate the contribution of the periplasmic enzyme, l-asparaginase (ansb) to the pathogenesis of s. flexneri. using a reverse genetic approach we found that ansb mutants showed reduced adherence to epithelial cells in vitro and attenuation in two in vivo models of shigellosis, the caenorhabditis elega ... | 2014 | 24762742 |
| the serine protease autotransporter pic modulates citrobacter rodentium pathogenesis and its innate recognition by the host. | bacterial pathogens produce a number of autotransporters that possess diverse functions. these include the family of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) produced by enteric pathogens such as shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative escherichia coli. of these spates, one termed "protein involved in colonization," or pic, has been shown to possess mucinase activity in vitro, but to date, its role in in vivo enteric pathogenesis is unknown. testing a pic null (δpicc) muta ... | 2015 | 25895966 |
| in vivo production of a novel glycoconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a in recombinant escherichia coli: identification of stimulating factors for in vivo glycosylation. | glycoconjugated vaccines composed of polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins have proved to belong to the most effective and safest vaccines for combating bacterial pathogens. the functional transfer of the n-glycosylation machinery from campylobacter jejuni to the standard prokaryotic host escherichia coli established a novel bioconjugation methodology termed bacterial glycoengineering. | 2015 | 25612741 |
| characterization and genomic study of the novel bacteriophage hy01 infecting both escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella flexneri: potential as a biocontrol agent in food. | escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella flexneri are well-known food-borne pathogens causing severe food poisoning at low infectious doses. bacteriophages have been approved for food applications by the us food and drug administration (fda) and have been suggested as natural food preservatives to control specific food-borne pathogens. to develop a novel natural food preservative against e. coli o157:h7 and s. flexneri, a new bacteriophage needs to be isolated and characterized. | 2016 | 28036349 |
| a study of parasitic and bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhea in hiv-positive patients. | diarrhea is a common complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), occurring in almost 90% of aids patients in developing countries like india. the present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of pathogens associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients and their relation to cd4 counts. | 2016 | 27795876 |
| the bacterial dna repair protein mfd confers resistance to the host nitrogen immune response. | production of reactive nitrogen species (no) is a key step in the immune response following infections. no induces lesions to bacterial dna, thus limiting bacterial growth within hosts. using two pathogenic bacteria, bacillus cereus and shigella flexneri, we show that the dna-repair protein mfd (mutation-frequency-decline) is required for bacterial resistance to the host-no-response. in both species, a mutant deficient for mfd does not survive to no, produced in vitro or by phagocytic cells. in ... | 2016 | 27435260 |
| multidrug resistant shigella flexneri infection simulating intestinal intussusception. | shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern. we report a case of segmental ileitis caused by non.-esbl producing multidrug resistant shigella flexneri in an infant clinically mimicking intussusception, whic ... | 2016 | 27013815 |
| phenolic compounds and in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of three tropic fruits: persimmon, guava, and sweetsop. | in our previous study, we have found that persimmon, guava, and sweetsop owned considerably high antioxidant activity and contained high total phenolic contents as well. in order to further supply information on the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of these three tropic fruits, they were extracted by 80% methanol. we then examined the extractions about their phenolic compounds and also studied the extractions and phenolic contents about their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and mini ... | 2016 | 27648444 |
| interactions between shigella flexneri and the autophagy machinery. | autophagy, an intracellular degradation process, is increasingly recognized as having important roles in host defense. interactions between shigella flexneri and the autophagy machinery were first discovered in 2005. since then, work has shown that multiple autophagy pathways are triggered by s. flexneri, and autophagic responses can have different roles during shigella infection. here, we review the interactions between s. flexneri and the autophagy machinery, highlighting that studies using sh ... | 2016 | 26904515 |
| ifnγ inhibits the cytosolic replication of shigella flexneri via the cytoplasmic rna sensor rig-i. | the activation of host cells by interferon gamma (ifnγ) is essential for inhibiting the intracellular replication of most microbial pathogens. although significant advances have been made in identifying ifnγ-dependent host factors that suppress intracellular bacteria, little is known about how ifnγ enables cells to recognize, or restrict, the growth of pathogens that replicate in the host cytoplasm. the replication of the cytosolic bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri is significantly inhibited ... | 2012 | 22912573 |
| temperature depended role of shigella flexneri invasion plasmid on the interaction with acanthamoeba castellanii. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium causing the diarrhoeal disease shigellosis in humans. the virulence genes required for invasion are clustered on a large 220 kb plasmid encoding type three secretion system (ttss) apparatus and virulence factors such as adhesions and invasion plasmid antigens (ipa). the bacterium is transmitted by contaminated food, water, or from person to person. acanthamoebae are free-living amoebae (fla) which are found in diverse environments and isolated from ... | 2012 | 22518151 |
| subversion of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by pathogenic bacteria. | activation of the inflammasome occurs in response to a notably high number of pathogenic microbes and is a broad innate immune response that effectively contributes to restriction of pathogen replication and generation of adaptive immunity. activation of these platforms leads to caspase-1- and/or caspase-11-dependent secretion of proteins, including cytokines, and induction of a specific form of cell death called pyroptosis, which directly or indirectly contribute for restriction of pathogen rep ... | 2013 | 24324933 |
| mutational analysis of the shigella flexneri o-antigen polymerase wzy: identification of wzz-dependent wzy mutants. | the o-antigen (oag) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major virulence determinant of shigella flexneri and is synthesized by the o-antigen polymerase, wzysf. oag chain length is regulated by chromosomally encoded wzzsf and phs-2 plasmid-encoded wzzphs2. to identify functionally important amino acid residues in wzysf, random mutagenesis was performed on the wzysf gene in a pwaldo-tev-gfp plasmid, followed by screening with colicin e2. analysis of the lps conferred by mutated wzysf protei ... | 2014 | 25313393 |
| ntrbc and nac contribute to efficient shigella flexneri intracellular replication. | shigella flexneri two-component regulatory systems (tcrs) are responsible for sensing changes in environmental conditions and regulating gene expression accordingly. we examined 12 tcrs that were previously uncharacterized for potential roles in s. flexneri growth within the eukaryotic intracellular environment. we demonstrate that the tcrs evgsa, ntrbc, and rstba systems are required for wild-type plaque formation in cultured epithelial cells. the phenotype of the ntrbc mutant depended in part ... | 2014 | 24794563 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) reveals highly pure preparations. | outer membrane blebs are naturally shed by gram-negative bacteria and are candidates of interest for vaccines development. genetic modification of bacteria to induce hyperblebbing greatly increases the yield of blebs, called generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma). the composition of the gmma from hyperblebbing mutants of shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei were quantitatively analyzed using high-sensitivity mass spectrometry with the label-free ibaq procedure and compared to the c ... | 2016 | 26746581 |
| rainbow vectors for broad-range bacterial fluorescence labeling. | since their discovery, fluorescent proteins have been widely used to study protein function, localization or interaction, promoter activity and regulation, drug discovery or for non-invasive imaging. they have been extensively modified to improve brightness, stability, and oligomerization state. however, only a few studies have focused on understanding the dynamics of fluorescent proteins expression in bacteria. in this work, we developed a set plasmids encoding 12 fluorescent proteins for bacte ... | 2016 | 26937640 |
| detection of shigella in lettuce by the use of a rapid molecular assay with increased sensitivity. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to be used as an alternative to the conventional culture method in detecting shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) virulence genes ipah and ial in lettuce was developed. efficacy and rapidity of the molecular method were determined as compared to the conventional culture. lettuce samples were inoculated with different shigella flexneri concentrations (from 10 cfu/ml to 10(7) cfu/ml). dna was extracted directly from lettuce after ino ... | 2010 | 24031579 |
| functional analysis of nopm, a novel e3 ubiquitin ligase (nel) domain effector of rhizobium sp. strain ngr234. | type 3 effector proteins secreted via the bacterial type 3 secretion system (t3ss) are not only virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, but also influence symbiotic interactions between nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria (rhizobia) and leguminous host plants. in this study, we characterized nopm (nodulation outer protein m) of rhizobium sp. strain ngr234, which shows sequence similarities with novel e3 ubiquitin ligase (nel) domain effectors from the human pathogens shigella flexneri and salomone ... | 2012 | 22615567 |
| shigella flexneri targets the hp1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase ospf. | hp1 proteins are transcriptional regulators that, like histones, are targets for post-translational modifications defining an hp1-mediated subcode. hp1γ has multiple phosphorylation sites, including serine 83 (s83) that marks it to sites of active transcription. in a guinea pig model for shigella enterocolitis, we observed that the defective type iii secretion mxid shigella flexneri strain caused more hp1γ phosphorylation in the colon than the wild-type strain. shigella interferes with hp1 phosp ... | 2014 | 25216677 |
| characterisation of shigella spa33 and thermotoga flim/n reveals a new model for c-ring assembly in t3ss. | flagellar type iii secretion systems (t3ss) contain an essential cytoplasmic-ring (c-ring) largely composed of two proteins flim and flin, whereas an analogous substructure for the closely related non-flagellar (nf) t3ss has not been observed in situ. we show that the spa33 gene encoding the putative nf-t3ss c-ring component in shigella flexneri is alternatively translated to produce both full-length (spa33-fl) and a short variant (spa33-c), with both required for secretion. they associate in a ... | 2015 | 26538516 |
| spontaneous formation of ipab ion channels in host cell membranes reveals how shigella induces pyroptosis in macrophages. | the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri invades the colonic epithelium and causes bacillary dysentery. s. flexneri requires the virulence factor invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) to invade host cells, escape from the phagosome and induce macrophage cell death. the mechanism by which ipab functions remains unclear. here, we show that purified ipab spontaneously oligomerizes and inserts into the plasma membrane of target cells forming cation selective ion channels. after internalization, ipa ... | 2012 | 22951981 |
| nlrc4 inflammasome-mediated production of il-1β modulates mucosal immunity in the lung against gram-negative bacterial infection. | bacterial flagellin is critical to mediate nlrc4 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation. however, shigella flexneri, a nonflagellated bacterium, and a flagellin (flic) knockout strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to activate nlrc4 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. furthermore, the flagellin-deficient flic strain of p. aeruginosa was used in a mouse model of peritonitis to show the requirement of nlrc4. in a model of pulmonary p. aeruginosa infection, flagellin was shown to be essen ... | 2012 | 22547706 |
| human naip and mouse naip1 recognize bacterial type iii secretion needle protein for inflammasome activation. | inflammasome mediated by central nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor (nlr) protein is critical for defense against bacterial infection. here we show that type iii secretion system (t3ss) needle proteins from several bacterial pathogens, including salmonella typhimurium, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, and burkholderia spp., can induce robust inflammasome activation in both human monocyte-derived and mouse bone marrow macrophages. needle protei ... | 2013 | 23940371 |
| single cell measurements of vacuolar rupture caused by intracellular pathogens. | shigella flexneri are pathogenic bacteria that invade host cells entering into an endocytic vacuole. subsequently, the rupture of this membrane-enclosed compartment allows bacteria to move within the cytosol, proliferate and further invade neighboring cells. mycobacterium tuberculosis is phagocytosed by immune cells, and has recently been shown to rupture phagosomal membrane in macrophages. we developed a robust assay for tracking phagosomal membrane disruption after host cell entry of shigella ... | 2013 | 23792688 |
| systematic analysis of bacterial effector-postsynaptic density 95/disc large/zonula occludens-1 (pdz) domain interactions demonstrates shigella ospe protein promotes protein kinase c activation via pdlim proteins. | diseases caused by many gram-negative bacterial pathogens depend on the activities of bacterial effector proteins that are delivered into eukaryotic cells via specialized secretion systems. effector protein function largely depends on specific subcellular targeting and specific interactions with cellular ligands. pdz domains are common domains that serve to provide specificity in protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic systems. we show that putative pdz-binding motifs are significantly enrich ... | 2014 | 25124035 |
| genetic functions of the naip family of inflammasome receptors for bacterial ligands in mice. | biochemical studies suggest that the naip family of nlr proteins are cytosolic innate receptors that directly recognize bacterial ligands and trigger nlrc4 inflammasome activation. in this study, we generated naip5(-/-), naip1(-/-), and naip2(-/-) mice and showed that bone marrow macrophages derived from these knockout mice are specifically deficient in detecting bacterial flagellin, the type iii secretion system needle, and the rod protein, respectively. naip1(-/-), naip2(-/-), and naip5(-/-) m ... | 2016 | 27114610 |
| rna-seq analysis of the influence of anaerobiosis and fnr on shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is an important human pathogen that has to adapt to the anaerobic environment in the gastrointestinal tract to cause dysentery. to define the influence of anaerobiosis on the virulence of shigella, we performed deep rna sequencing to identify transcriptomic differences that are induced by anaerobiosis and modulated by the anaerobic fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator, fnr. | 2014 | 24907032 |
| shigella flexneri with ciprofloxacin resistance and reduced azithromycin susceptibility, canada, 2015. | | 2016 | 27767915 |
| common changes in global gene expression induced by rna polymerase inhibitors in shigella flexneri. | characterization of expression profile of organisms in response to antimicrobials provides important information on the potential mechanism of action of the drugs. the special expression signature can be used to predict whether other drugs act on the same target. here, the common response of shigella flexneri to two inhibitors of rna polymerase was examined using gene expression profiling. consistent with similar effects of the two drugs, the gene expression profiles indicated that responses of ... | 2012 | 22428000 |
| modulation of endotoxicity of shigella generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) by genetic lipid a modifications: relative activation of tlr4 and tlr2 pathways in different mutants. | outer membrane particles from gram-negative bacteria are attractive vaccine candidates as they present surface antigens in their natural context. we previously developed a high yield production process for genetically derived particles, called generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma), from shigella. as gmma are derived from the outer membrane, they contain immunostimulatory components, especially lipopolysaccharide (lps). we examined ways of reducing their reactogenicity by modifying lip ... | 2014 | 25023285 |
| identification and molecular characterisation of a novel mu-like bacteriophage, sfmu, of shigella flexneri. | s. flexneri is the leading cause of bacillary dysentery in the developing countries. several temperate phages originating from this host have been characterised. however, all s. flexneri phages known to date are lambdoid phages, which have the ability to confer the o-antigen modification of their host. in this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a novel mu-like phage from a serotype 4a strain of s. flexneri. the genome of phage sfmu is composed of 37,146 bp and is predicted to ... | 2015 | 25902138 |
| serum bactericidal assay for the evaluation of typhoid vaccine using a semi-automated colony-counting method. | typhoid fever, mainly caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), is a life-threatening disease, mostly in developing countries. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is widely used to quantify antibodies against s. typhi in serum but does not provide information about functional antibody titers. although the serum bactericidal assay (sba) using an agar plate is often used to measure functional antibody titers against various bacterial pathogens in clinical specimens, it has rare ... | 2016 | 27216239 |
| shigella flexneri serotype 1c derived from serotype 1a by acquisition of gtric gene cluster via a bacteriophage. | shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. since its emergence in the late 1980s, the s. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. this article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtric gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition. | 2016 | 27349637 |
| an alternative outer membrane secretion mechanism for an autotransporter protein lacking a c-terminal stable core. | autotransporter (at) proteins are a broad class of virulence factors from gram-negative pathogens. at outer membrane (om) secretion appears simple in many regards, yet the mechanism that enables transport of the central at 'passenger' across the om remains unclear. om secretion efficiency for two at passengers is enhanced by approximately 20 kda stable core at the c-terminus of the passenger, but studies on a broader range of at proteins are needed in order to determine whether a stability diffe ... | 2013 | 24118465 |
| high load of multi-drug resistant nosocomial neonatal pathogens carried by cockroaches in a neonatal intensive care unit at tikur anbessa specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | | 2012 | 22958880 |
| vector potential of blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattidae) for medically important bacteria at food handling establishments in jimma town, southwest ethiopia. | cockroaches have been regarded as possible vectors of human enteropathogens. their presence and crawl particularly in food handling establishments could be risky for human health. therefore, this study was done to determine the vector potential of cockroach for medically important bacterial pathogens in restaurants and cafeterias. a cross-sectional study was conducted on cockroaches from restaurants and cafeterias in jimma town from may to september 2014. standard taxonomic keys and microbiologi ... | 2016 | 27294115 |
| aerobic bacterial community of american cockroach periplaneta americana,a step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates. | cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. here the bacterial microbiota of periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate. | 2014 | 26114142 |
| widespread antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella species. | antibiotic resistance of enteric pathogens particularly shigella species, is a critical world-wide problem and monitoring their resistant pattern is essential, because the choice of antibiotics is absolutely dependent on regional antibiotic susceptibility patterns. during summer 2013, an unusual increase in number of diarrheal diseases was noticed in isfahan, a central province of iran. therefore, the antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella species isolated were eval ... | 2014 | 25002896 |
| characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting enterobacteriaceae. | bacteriophages display remarkable genetic diversity and host specificity. in this study, we explore phages infecting bacterial strains of the enterobacteriaceae family because of their ability to infect related but distinct hosts. we isolated and characterized two novel virulent phages, sh6 and sh7, using a strain of shigella flexneri as host bacterium. morphological and genomic analyses revealed that phage sh6 belongs to the t1virus genus of the siphoviridae family. conversely, phage sh7 was cl ... | 2017 | 28091598 |
| expanding the use of a fluorogenic method to determine activity and mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriocins against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | previously we described a rapid fluorogenic method to measure the activity of five bacteriocins produced by mexican strains of bacillus thuringiensis against b. cereus 183. here we standardize this method to efficiently determine the activity of bacteriocins against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. it was determined that the crucial parameter required to obtain reproducible results was the number of cells used in the assay, that is, ~4 × 10(8) cell/ml and ~7 × 10(8) cell/ml, respec ... | 2012 | 22919330 |
| serotype-converting bacteriophage sfii encodes an acyltransferase protein that mediates 6-o-acetylation of glcnac in shigella flexneri o-antigens, conferring on the host a novel o-antigen epitope. | shigella flexneri o-antigen is an important and highly variable cell component presented on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. most shigella flexneri bacteria share an o-antigen backbone composed of →2)-α-l-rhap(iii)-(1→2)-α-l-rhap(ii)-(1→3)-α-l-rhap(i)-(1→3)-β-d-glcpnac-(1→ repeats, which can be modified by adding various chemical groups to different sugars, giving rise to diverse o-antigen structures and, correspondingly, to various serotypes. the known modifications include glucosylatio ... | 2014 | 25112477 |
| eata, an immunogenic protective antigen of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, degrades intestinal mucin. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to infectious diarrhea in developing countries for which there is presently no effective vaccine. a central challenge in etec vaccinology has been the identification of conserved surface antigens to formulate a broadly protective vaccine. here, we demonstrate that eata, an immunogenic secreted serine protease of etec, contributes to virulence by degrading muc2, the major protein present in the small intestina ... | 2013 | 24478066 |
| polar localization of phon2, a periplasmic virulence-associated factor of shigella flexneri, is required for proper icsa exposition at the old bacterial pole. | proper protein localization is critical for bacterial virulence. phon2 is a virulence-associated atp-diphosphohydrolase (apyrase) involved in icsa-mediated actin-based motility of s. flexneri. herein, by analyzing a δphon2 mutant of the s. flexneri strain m90t and by generating phon2::ha fusions, we show that phon2, is a periplasmic protein that strictly localizes at the bacterial poles, with a strong preference for the old pole, the pole where icsa is exposed, and that it is required for proper ... | 2014 | 24587292 |
| expression of shigella flexneri gluq-rs gene is linked to dksa and controlled by a transcriptional terminator. | glutamyl queuosine-trna(asp) synthetase (gluq-rs) is a paralog of the catalytic domain of glutamyl-trna synthetase and catalyzes the formation of glutamyl-queuosine on the wobble position of trna(asp). here we analyze the transcription of its gene in shigella flexneri, where it is found downstream of dksa, which encodes a transcriptional regulator involved in stress responses. | 2012 | 23035718 |
| shigella flexneri 3a outer membrane protein c epitope is recognized by human umbilical cord sera and associated with protective activity. | shigella flexneri 3a is one of the five major strains of the shigella genus responsible for dysentery, especially among children, in regions of high poverty and poor sanitation. the outer membrane proteins (omp) of this bacterium elicit immunological responses and are considered a prime target for vaccine development. when injected into mice they elicit a protective immunological response against a lethal dose of the pathogen. the omps from s. flexneri 3a were isolated and resolved by two-dimens ... | 2013 | 23940590 |
| horizontal gene transfer of a chlamydial trna-guanine transglycosylase gene to eukaryotic microbes. | trna-guanine transglycosylases are found in all domains of life and mediate the base exchange of guanine with queuine in the anticodon loop of trnas. they can also regulate virulence in bacteria such as shigella flexneri, which has prompted the development of drugs that inhibit the function of these enzymes. here we report a group of trna-guanine transglycosylases in eukaryotic microbes (algae and protozoa) which are more similar to their bacterial counterparts than previously characterized euka ... | 2016 | 26435002 |
| antimicrobial activity, ame resistance, and a-site binding studies of anthraquinone-neomycin conjugates. | the antibacterial effects of aminoglycosides are based on their association with the a-site of bacterial rrna and interference with the translational process in the bacterial cell, causing cell death. the clinical use of aminoglycosides is complicated by resistance and side effects, some of which arise from their interactions with the human mitochondrial 12s rrna and its deafness-associated mutations, c1494u and a1555g. we report a rapid assay that allows screening of aminoglycoside compounds to ... | 2017 | 28103015 |
| impact of reclaimed water irrigation on antibiotic resistance in public parks, beijing, china. | the abundance and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (args) in soils from six parks using reclaimed water in beijing, china, were characterized. three classes of commonly used antibiotics (tetracycles, quinolones, and sulfonamides) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). the highest concentrations of tetracyclines and quinolones were 145.2 μg kg(-1) and 79.2 μg kg(-1), respectively. detected tetg, tetw, suli, and sulii genes were quant ... | 2014 | 24071635 |
| bacteremia in patients with acute pancreatitis as revealed by 16s ribosomal rna gene-based techniques*. | to define the characteristic of bacteremia in patients with acute pancreatitis and determine its possible association with the disease severity. | 2013 | 23863226 |
| bacteremia in the patients with acute pancreatitis as revealed by 16s ribosomal rna gene-based techniques. | objectives:: to define the characteristic of bacteremia in the patients with acute pancreatitis and determine its possible association with the disease severity. design:: a prospective controlled study. setting:: icu of jinling hospital, china. patients:: a total of 48 patients with mild or severe acute pancreatitis were enrolled in this study. interventions:: none. measurements and main results:: samples of peripheral blood were collected from the patients at 4 or 5 and 9 or 10 days after acute ... | 2013 | 23764972 |
| antimicrobial peptide, hdmolluscidin, purified from the gill of the abalone, haliotis discus. | a 4.7 kda antimicrobial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract of the abalone, haliotis discus, by cation-exchange and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). comparison of the amino acid sequences and molecular weight of this peptide with those of other known antimicrobial peptides revealed that this antimicrobial peptide have high sequence homology with that of cgmolluscidin and was designated hdmolluscidin. hdmolluscidin is composed of 46 amino acid res ... | 2016 | 27033467 |
| epigenetic activation of antibacterial property of an endophytic streptomyces coelicolor strain azra 37 and identification of the induced protein using maldi tof ms/ms. | the endophytic streptomyces coelicolor strain azra 37 was isolated from the surface sterilized root of azadirachta indica a. juss., commonly known as neem plant in india. since only a few reports are available regarding epigenetic modulations of microbial entities, s. coelicolor was treated with different concentrations of 5-azacytidine for this purpose and evaluated for its antibacterial potential against five human pathogenic bacteria (aeromonas hydrophila ims/gn11, enterococcus faecalis ims/g ... | 2016 | 26844762 |
| antibacterial activity of ovary extract from sea urchin diadema setosum. | sea urchin gonad is considered as a highly prized delicacy in several countries. it is also rich in valuable bioactive compounds including polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) and β-carotene. this study was undertaken to examine the antimicrobial properties of the ovary extract from sea urchin diadema setosum against selected gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | 2015 | 26044237 |
| synthesis and concentration dependent antibacterial activities of cuo nanoflakes. | we report, synthesis and antibacterial activities of cuo nanoflakes. cuo nanoparticles are prepared at room temperature through sol-gel method. x-ray diffraction studies show the particles are monoclinic (crystalline) in nature. scanning electron microscopy (sem) images clearly show that the prepared particles are flake like in structure. fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectra exhibits three different bands that correspond to the au and bu modes. antibacterial studies were performed on shigel ... | 2013 | 23498227 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) receptor in the indian major carp, rohu (labeo rohita), and analysis of its inductive expression and down-stream signalling molecules following ligands exposure and gram-negative bacterial infections. | nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr), and is a member of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. it senses a wide range of bacteria and viruses or their products, and plays a key role in inducing innate immunity. in this report, nod1 gene was cloned and characterized in rohu (labeo rohita), a fish species of highest commercial importance in the indian subcontinent. the full-length rohu nod1 (rnod1) cdna comprised of 3168 bp with a ... | 2012 | 22530240 |
| emergence and stability of high-pressure resistance in different food-borne pathogens. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) processing is becoming a valuable nonthermal food pasteurization technique, although there is reasonable concern that bacterial hhp resistance could compromise the safety and stability of hhp-processed foods. while the degree of natural hhp resistance has already been shown to vary greatly among and within bacterial species, a still unresolved question remains as to what extent different food-borne pathogens can actually develop hhp resistance. in this study, we t ... | 2012 | 22344661 |
| expression of shigella flexneri ipab gene in tobacco. | shigellosis is a leading cause of diarrhea in many developing countries and although the disease can be controlled and managed with antibiotics, the constant emergence of resistant species requiring ever newer antibacterial drugs make development of an effective vaccine necessary. the bacteria are highly contagious and since immunity to shigella is serotype-specific a multi-serotype vaccine is required for adequate protection. proteins encoded by shigella invasion plasmid, which are part of the ... | 2013 | 23799180 |
| sumoylation as an integral mechanism in bacterial infection and disease progression. | post translational modification pathways regulate fundamental processes of cells and thus govern vital functions. among these, particularly the modification with small ubiquitin-like modifiers (sumo) is being recognized as a pathway crucial for cell homeostasis and health. understandably, bacterial pathogens intervene with the sumo pathway of the host for ensuring successful infection. among the bacterial pathogens known to target host sumoylation varied points of intervention are utilized. majo ... | 2017 | 28197924 |
| lessons from anaplasma phagocytophilum: chromatin remodeling by bacterial effectors. | bacterial pathogens can alter global host gene expression via histone modifications and chromatin remodeling in order to subvert host responses, including those involved with innate immunity, allowing for bacterial survival. shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes, chlamydia trachomatis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum express effector proteins that modify host histones and chromatin structure. a. phagocytophilum modulates granulocyte respiratory burst in part by dampening transcription of sever ... | 2012 | 23082961 |
| synthesis, spectroscopic, molecular orbital calculation, cytotoxic, molecular docking of dna binding and dna cleavage studies of transition metal complexes with n-benzylidene-n'-salicylidene-1,1-diaminopropane. | eight mononuclear chromium(iii), manganese(ii), iron(iii), cobalt(ii), nickel(ii), copper(ii), zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) complexes of schiff's base ligand were synthesized and determined by different physical techniques. the complexes are insoluble in common organic solvents but soluble in dmf and dmso. the measured molar conductance values in dmso indicate that the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. all the eight metal complexes have been fully characterized with the help of elemental ana ... | 2013 | 23831943 |
| synthesis of s-triazine-based thiazolidinones as antimicrobial agents. | a novel series of thiazolidinone derivatives, namely 4-{4-dimethylamino-6-[4-oxo-2-phenyl-5-(4-pyridin-2-yl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-thiazolidin-3-yl]-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yloxy}-1-methyl-1h-quinolin-2-ones, have been synthesized from the key intermediate 4-(4-amino-6-dimethylamino-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yloxy)-1-methyl-1h-quinolin-2-one (5). compound 5 was condensed with various aldehydes to give schiff base derivatives, which after cyclization gave thiazolidinones that were linked with 1-pyridin-2-yl-pip ... | 2012 | 22624326 |
| synthesis of benzimidazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2ylthio-n-phenyl (benzothiazolyl) acetamides as antibacterial, antifungal and antituberculosis agents. | to affiliate multiple bioactivities in a compact heteronuclei, two series of benzimidazole based 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized and assessed in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against eight bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhi, proteus vulgaris, shigella flexneri), four fungi (aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus clavatus, candida albicans) and mycobacterium tuberc ... | 2012 | 22516426 |
| antimicrobial metal-based thiophene derived compounds. | a novel series of thiophene derived schiff bases and their transition metal- [co(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), ni(ii)] based compounds are reported. the schiff bases act as tridentate ligands toward metal ions via azomethine-n, deprotonated-n of ammine substituents and s-atom of thienyl moiety. the synthesized ligands along with their metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six bacterial pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmon ... | 2017 | 27766891 |
| metal-based ethanolamine-derived compounds: a note on their synthesis, characterization and bioactivity. | metal-based ethanolamines, (l(1))-(l(4)) coordinated with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metals in 1:2 (metal:ligand) molar ratio to produce new compounds have been reported. these compounds were screened for their bactericidal/fungicidal activity against a number of bacterial (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis) and fungal strains (trichophyton longifusus, candida albicans, aspergillus flavus, microsporum ... | 2016 | 27557038 |
| report: antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extract of achyranthes aspera (amaranthaceae) from pakistan. | alcoholic extract and various fractions of achyranthes aspera leaves, traditionally used in pakistan for treatment of infectious diseases was screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. the chloroform and butanol fractions were found to be the most active among the fractions, showing considerable antibacterial activity against shigella flexneri and escherichia coli. the highest activity was found in the ethylacetate fraction (17 mm zone of inhibition) against gram-negative (salm ... | 2015 | 26408900 |
| material properties and antimicrobial activity of polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) films incorporated with vanillin. | polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) was produced by bacillus mycoides dfc 1, isolated from garden soil. antimicrobial (am) films of phb were prepared by incorporating vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) from 10 to 200 μg/g of phb. the films were assessed for antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria comprising of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, and staphylococcus aureus and fungi such as aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergill ... | 2015 | 26002697 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro bactericidal/fungicidal screening of some vanadyl(iv)complexes with mono- and di-substituted ons donor triazoles. | a new series of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal mono- and di-substituted triazoles (l(1))-(l(6)) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their physical, spectral and analytical data. the ligands (l(1))-(l(6)) on reaction with vanadyl(iv) sulphate led to the formation of vanadyl(iv) metal complexes (1)-(4). the structure of the complexes has been established on the basis of their physical, spectral and elemental analyses data. the synthesized ligands and their vanadyl(iv) complexes ... | 2015 | 25716124 |
| metal-based carboxamide-derived compounds endowed with antibacterial and antifungal activity. | a series of three bioactive thiourea (carboxamide) derivatives, n-(dipropylcarbamothioyl)-thiophene-2-carboxamide (l(1)), n-(dipropylcarbamothioyl)-5-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (l(2)) and 5-bromo-n-(dipropylcarbamothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (l(3)) and their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes (1)-(12) have been synthesized and characterized by their ir,(1)h-nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis data. the crystal structure of one of the ligand, n-(dip ... | 2014 | 23914928 |
| 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, bactericidal, fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties of teucrium stocksianum. | in the present study, we evaluated the pharmacological and toxicological effects of teucrium stocksianum. the crude extract of t. stocksianum (ts.cr) and its subsequent organic fractions: n-hexane (ts.hex), chloroform (ts.chcl3) and ethyl acetate (ts.etac) exhibited 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with different potencies. ts.etac was found to be most potent. ts.cr, ts.hex, ts.chcl3 and ts.etac showed significant bactericidal activity against escherichia coli, stap ... | 2015 | 23625908 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of alcoholic extracts of rumex dentatus l. | in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various concentrations ranging from 150 to 500 μg/ml of alcoholic (methanol and ethanol) extracts of rumex dentatus were analyzed on different clinical bacterial strains (shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus flavus, acremonium spp., penicillium dimorphosporum, candida albicans, candida kruesie, c ... | 2013 | 23415966 |
| metal based new triazoles: their synthesis, characterization and antibacterial/antifungal activities. | a series of new triazoles and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antibacterial/antifungal properties. the new schiff bases ligands (l(1))-(l(5)) were prepared by the condensation reaction of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-acetyl pyridine and 2-methoxy benzaldehyde. the structures of the ligands have been established on the basis of their physical, spectral (ir, ... | 2012 | 22982389 |
| synthesis of some novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazine derivatives for antimicrobial evaluation. | a new series of novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazines 7a-j has been synthesized by the reaction of [5, 5'-methylenebis(3-methylbenzofuran-7, 5-diyl)]bis[(4-amino-5-thioxo-4, 5-dihydro-1h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)methanone] (6) with a variety of phenacyl bromides in ethanol under reflux for 6 h. all the newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against certain strains of bacteria such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae and shigella f ... | 2011 | 24062120 |
| phyllanthus wightianus müll. arg.: a potential source for natural antimicrobial agents. | phyllanthus wightianus belongs to euphorbiaceae family having ethnobotanical importance. the present study deals with validating the antimicrobial potential of solvent leaf extracts of p. wightianus. 11 human bacterial pathogens (bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermidis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens) and 4 fungal pathogens (cand ... | 2014 | 24883301 |