| light-induced structural changes in a short light, oxygen, voltage (lov) protein revealed by molecular dynamics simulations-implications for the understanding of lov photoactivation. | the modularity of light, oxygen, voltage (lov) blue-light photoreceptors has recently been exploited for the design of lov-based optogenetic tools, which allow the light-dependent control of biological functions. for the understanding of lov sensory function and hence the optimal design of lov-based optogentic tools it is essential to gain an in depth atomic-level understanding of the underlying photoactivation and intramolecular signal-relay mechanisms. to address this question we performed mol ... | 2015 | 26484348 |
| functional characterization and stability improvement of a 'thermophilic-like' ene-reductase from rhodococcus opacus 1cp. | ene-reductases (ers) are widely applied for the asymmetric synthesis of relevant industrial chemicals. a novel er oyero2 was found within a set of 14 putative old yellow enzymes (oyes) obtained by genome mining of the actinobacterium rhodococcus opacus 1cp. multiple sequence alignment suggested that the enzyme belongs to the group of 'thermophilic-like' oyes. oyero2 was produced in escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. the enzyme is strongly nadph dependent and uses non-covalently bo ... | 2015 | 26483784 |
| variability in subpopulation formation propagates into biocatalytic variability of engineered pseudomonas putida strains. | pivotal challenges in industrial biotechnology are the identification and overcoming of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in microbial processes. while the development of subpopulations of isogenic cells in bioprocesses is well described (intra-population variability), a possible variability between genetically identical cultures growing under macroscopically identical conditions (clonal variability) is not. a high such clonal variability has been found for the recombinant expression of the styrene mon ... | 2015 | 26483771 |
| plant derived substances with anti-cancer activity: from folklore to practice. | plants have had an essential role in the folklore of ancient cultures. in addition to the use as food and spices, plants have also been utilized as medicines for over 5000 years. it is estimated that 70-95% of the population in developing countries continues to use traditional medicines even today. a new trend, that involved the isolation of plant active compounds begun during the early nineteenth century. this trend led to the discovery of different active compounds that are derived from plants ... | 2015 | 26483815 |
| bio-inspired electron-delivering system for reductive activation of dioxygen at metal centres towards artificial flavoenzymes. | development of artificial systems, capable of delivering electrons to metal-based catalysts for the reductive activation of dioxygen, has been proven very difficult for decades, constituting a major scientific lock for the elaboration of environmentally friendly oxidation processes. here we demonstrate that the incorporation of a flavin mononucleotide (fmn) in a water-soluble polymer, bearing a locally hydrophobic microenvironment, allows the efficient reduction of the fmn by nadh. this supramol ... | 2015 | 26419885 |
| molecular binding mechanism of ttgr repressor to antibiotics and antimicrobials. | a disturbing phenomenon in contemporary medicine is the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. efflux pumps contribute strongly to this antimicrobial drug resistance, which leads to the subsequent failure of clinical treatments. the ttgr protein of pseudomonas putida is a hth-type transcriptional repressor that controls expression of the ttgabc efflux pump, which is the main contributor to resistance against several antimicrobials and toxic compounds in this microbe. one of the m ... | 2015 | 26422008 |
| assessing the antimicrobial activities of ocins. | the generation of a zone of inhibition on a solid substrate indicates the bioactivity of antimicrobial peptides such as bacteriocin and enterocin. the indicator strain plays a significant role in bacteriocin assays. other characteristics of bacteriocins, such as their dispersal ability and the different zymogram components, also affect bacteriocin assays. however, universal well diffusion assays for antimicrobials, irrespective of their ability to diffuse (bacteriocin and enterocin), do not exis ... | 2015 | 26441952 |
| engineering modular viral scaffolds for targeted bacterial population editing. | bacteria are central to human health and disease, but existing tools to edit microbial consortia are limited. for example, broad-spectrum antibiotics are unable to accurately manipulate bacterial communities. bacteriophages can provide highly specific targeting of bacteria, but assembling well-defined phage cocktails solely with natural phages can be a time-, labor- and cost-intensive process. here, we present a synthetic-biology strategy to modulate phage host ranges by engineering phage genome ... | 2015 | 26973885 |
| the industrial age of biocatalytic transamination. | during the last decade the use of ω-transaminases has been identified as a very powerful method for the preparation of optically pure amines from the corresponding ketones. their immense potential for the preparation of chiral amines, together with their ease of use in combination with existing biocatalytic methods, have made these biocatalysts a competitor to any chemical methodology for (asymmetric) amination. an increasing number of examples, especially from industry, shows that this biocatal ... | 2015 | 26726292 |
| active site diversification of p450cam with indole generates catalysts for benzylic oxidation reactions. | cytochrome p450 monooxygenases are useful biocatalysts for c-h activation, and there is a need to expand the range of these enzymes beyond what is naturally available. a panel of 93 variants of active self-sufficient p450cam[tyr96phe]-rhfred fusion enzymes with a broad diversity in active site amino acids was developed by screening a large mutant library of 16,500 clones using a simple, highly sensitive colony-based colorimetric screen against indole. these mutants showed distinct fingerprints o ... | 2015 | 26664590 |
| c-type cytochrome assembly is a key target of copper toxicity within the bacterial periplasm. | in the absence of a tight control of copper entrance into cells, bacteria have evolved different systems to control copper concentration within the cytoplasm and the periplasm. central to these systems, the cu(+) atpase copa plays a major role in copper tolerance and translocates copper from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. the fate of copper in the periplasm varies among species. copper can be sequestered, oxidized, or released outside the cells. here we describe the identification of copi, a pe ... | 2015 | 26396241 |
| redox-switch regulatory mechanism of thiolase from clostridium acetobutylicum. | thiolase is the first enzyme catalysing the condensation of two acetyl-coenzyme a (coa) molecules to form acetoacetyl-coa in a dedicated pathway towards the biosynthesis of n-butanol, an important solvent and biofuel. here we elucidate the crystal structure of clostridium acetobutylicum thiolase (cathl) in its reduced/oxidized states. cathl, unlike those from other aerobic bacteria such as escherichia coli and zoogloea ramegera, is regulated by the redox-switch modulation through reversible disu ... | 2015 | 26391388 |
| an integrated insight into the response of sedimentary microbial communities to heavy metal contamination. | response of biological communities to environmental stresses is a critical issue in ecology, but how microbial communities shift across heavy metal gradients remain unclear. to explore the microbial response to heavy metal contamination (e.g., cr, mn, zn), the composition, structure and functional potential of sedimentary microbial community were investigated by sequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons and a functional gene microarray. analysis of 16s rrna sequences revealed that the composition an ... | 2015 | 26391875 |
| effects of formulation on microbicide potency and mitigation of the development of bacterial insusceptibility. | risk assessments of the potential for microbicides to select for reduced bacterial susceptibility have been based largely on data generated through the exposure of bacteria to microbicides in aqueous solution. since microbicides are normally formulated with multiple excipients, we have investigated the effect of formulation on antimicrobial activity and the induction of bacterial insusceptibility. we tested 8 species of bacteria (7 genera) before and after repeated exposure (14 passages), using ... | 2015 | 26253662 |
| identification of the gene cluster for the anaerobic degradation of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate (α-resorcylate) in thauera aromatica strain ar-1. | thauera aromatica strain ar-1 degrades 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate (3,5-dhb) with nitrate as an electron acceptor. previous biochemical studies have shown that this strain converts 3,5-dhb to hydroxyhydroquinone (1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene) through water-dependent hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and subsequent decarboxylation, and they suggest a pathway homologous to that described for the anaerobic degradation of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (resorcinol) by azoarcus anaerobius. southern hybridization of a t. ... | 2015 | 26253674 |
| three novel lantibiotics, ticins a1, a3, and a4, have extremely stable properties and are promising food biopreservatives. | lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides with potential applications as the next generation of antimicrobials in the food industry and/or the pharmaceutical industry. nisin has successfully been used as a food preservative for over 40 years, but its major drawback is its limited stability under neutral and alkaline ph conditions. to identify alternatives with better biochemical properties, we screened more than 100 strains of the bacillus cereus group. three novel lantibiotics, ticins a1 (4,062.9 ... | 2015 | 26231642 |
| diversity of alkane hydroxylase genes on the rhizoplane of grasses planted in petroleum-contaminated soils. | the study investigated the diversity and genotypic features of alkane hydroxylase genes on rhizoplanes of grasses planted in artificial petroleum-contaminated soils to acquire new insights into the bacterial communities responsible for petroleum degradation in phytoremediation. four types of grass (cynodon dactylon, two phenotypes of zoysia japonica, and z. matrella) were used. the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon effectively decreased in the grass-planted systems compared with the ... | 2015 | 26405645 |
| acinetobacter baumannii virulence is mediated by the concerted action of three phospholipases d. | acinetobacter baumannii causes a broad range of opportunistic infections in humans. its success as an emerging pathogen is due to a combination of increasing antibiotic resistance, environmental persistence and adaptation to the human host. to date very little is known about the molecular basis of the latter. here we demonstrate that a. baumannii can use phosphatidylcholine, an integral part of human cell membranes, as sole carbon and energy source. we report on the identification of three phosp ... | 2015 | 26379240 |
| the sociality of bioremediation: hijacking the social lives of microbial populations to clean up heavy metal contamination. | | 2015 | 26377978 |
| the globally widespread genus sulfurimonas: versatile energy metabolisms and adaptations to redox clines. | sulfurimonas species are commonly isolated from sulfidic habitats and numerous 16s rrna sequences related to sulfurimonas species have been identified in chemically distinct environments, such as hydrothermal deep-sea vents, marine sediments, the ocean's water column, and terrestrial habitats. in some of these habitats, sulfurimonas have been demonstrated to play an important role in chemoautotrophic processes. sulfurimonas species can grow with a variety of electron donors and acceptors, which ... | 2015 | 26441918 |
| spontaneous phenotypic suppression of gaca-defective vibrio fischeri is achieved via mutation of csra and ihfa. | symbiosis defective gaca-mutant derivatives of vibrio fischeri are growth impaired thereby creating a selective advantage for growth-enhanced spontaneous suppressors. suppressors were isolated and characterized for effects of the mutations on gaca-mutant defects of growth, siderophore activity and luminescence. the mutations were identified by targeted and whole genome sequencing. | 2015 | 26376921 |
| the influence of environmental conditions on kinetics of arsenite oxidation by manganese-oxides. | manganese-oxides are one of the most important minerals in soil due to their widespread distribution and high reactivity. despite their invaluable role in cycling many redox sensitive elements, numerous unknowns remain about the reactivity of different manganese-oxide minerals under varying conditions in natural systems. by altering temperature, ph, and concentration of arsenite we were able to determine how manganese-oxide reactivity changes with simulated environmental conditions. the interact ... | 2015 | 26388696 |
| exploiting a precise design of universal synthetic modular regulatory elements to unlock the microbial natural products in streptomyces. | there is a great demand for precisely quantitating the expression of genes of interest in synthetic and systems biotechnology as new and fascinating insights into the genetics of streptomycetes have come to light. here, we developed, for the first time to our knowledge, a quantitative method based on flow cytometry and a superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfgfp) at single-cell resolution in streptomyces. single cells of filamentous bacteria were obtained by releasing the protoplasts from the ... | 2015 | 26374838 |
| an engineered bacterium auxotrophic for an unnatural amino acid: a novel biological containment system. | biological containment is a genetic technique that programs dangerous organisms to grow only in the laboratory and to die in the natural environment. auxotrophy for a substance not found in the natural environment is an ideal biological containment. here, we constructed an escherichia coli strain that cannot survive in the absence of the unnatural amino acid 3-iodo-l-tyrosine. this synthetic auxotrophy was achieved by conditional production of the antidote protein against the highly toxic enzyme ... | 2015 | 26401457 |
| efficient recombinant production of prodigiosin in pseudomonas putida. | serratia marcescens and several other bacteria produce the red-colored pigment prodigiosin which possesses bioactivities as an antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunosuppressive agent. therefore, there is a great interest to produce this natural compound. efforts aiming at its biotechnological production have so far largely focused on the original producer and opportunistic human pathogen s. marcescens. here, we demonstrate efficient prodigiosin production in the heterologous host pseudomonas puti ... | 2015 | 26441905 |
| mechanistic implications of the unique structural features and dimerization of the cytoplasmic domain of the pseudomonas sigma regulator, pupr. | gram-negative bacteria tightly regulate intracellular levels of iron, an essential nutrient. to ensure this strict control, some outer membrane tonb-dependent transporters (tbdts) that are responsible for iron import stimulate their own transcription in response to extracellular binding by an iron-laden siderophore. this process is mediated by an inner membrane sigma regulator protein (an anti-sigma factor) that transduces an unknown periplasmic signal from the tbdt to release an intracellular s ... | 2015 | 26313375 |
| efflux systems in bacteria and their metabolic engineering applications. | the production of valuable chemicals from metabolically engineered microbes can be limited by excretion from the cell. efflux is often overlooked as a bottleneck in metabolic pathways, despite its impact on alleviating feedback inhibition and product toxicity. in the past, it has been assumed that endogenous efflux pumps and membrane porins can accommodate product efflux rates; however, there are an increasing number of examples wherein overexpressing efflux systems is required to improve metabo ... | 2015 | 26363557 |
| synergistic effect of pseudomonas putida and bacillus amyloliquefaciens ameliorates drought stress in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) pseudomonas putida nbrira and bacillus amyloliquefaciens nbrisn13 with ability to tolerate abiotic stress along with multiple pgp traits like acc deaminase activity, minerals solubilisation, hormones production, biofilm formation, siderophore activity were evaluated for their synergistic effect to ameliorate drought stress in chickpea. earlier we have reported both the strains individually for their pgp attributes and stress amelioration in host pl ... | 2015 | 26362119 |
| synergistic effect of pseudomonas putida and bacillus amyloliquefaciens ameliorates drought stress in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) pseudomonas putida nbrira and bacillus amyloliquefaciens nbrisn13 with ability to tolerate abiotic stress along with multiple pgp traits like acc deaminase activity, minerals solubilisation, hormones production, biofilm formation, siderophore activity were evaluated for their synergistic effect to ameliorate drought stress in chickpea. earlier we have reported both the strains individually for their pgp attributes and stress amelioration in host pl ... | 2015 | 26362119 |
| effect of carbon on whole-biofilm metabolic response to high doses of streptomycin. | biofilms typically exist as complex communities comprising multiple species with the ability to adapt to a variety of harsh conditions. in clinical settings, antibiotic treatments based on planktonic susceptibility tests are often ineffective against biofilm infections. using a co2 evolution measurement system we delineated the real-time metabolic response in continuous flow biofilms to streptomycin doses much greater than their planktonic susceptibilities. stable biofilms from a multispecies cu ... | 2015 | 26441887 |
| chassis optimization as a cornerstone for the application of synthetic biology based strategies in microbial secondary metabolism. | the increased number of bacterial genome sequencing projects has generated over the last years a large reservoir of genomic information. in silico analysis of this genomic data has renewed the interest in bacterial bioprospecting for bioactive compounds by unveiling novel biosynthetic gene clusters of unknown or uncharacterized metabolites. however, only a small fraction of those metabolites is produced under laboratory-controlled conditions; the remaining clusters represent a pool of novel meta ... | 2015 | 26441855 |
| benzoic acid-inducible gene expression in mycobacteria. | conditional expression is a powerful tool to investigate the role of bacterial genes. here, we adapt the pseudomonas putida-derived positively regulated xyls/pm expression system to control inducible gene expression in mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis. by making simple changes to a gram-negative broad-host-range xyls/pm-regulated gene expression vector, we prove that it is possible to adapt this well-studied expression system to no ... | 2015 | 26348349 |
| 2-hydroxy acids in plant metabolism. | glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate are important 2-hydroxy acids (2ha) in plant metabolism. most of them can be found as d- and l-stereoisomers. these 2ha play an integral role in plant primary metabolism, where they are involved in fundamental pathways such as photorespiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, methylglyoxal pathway, and lysine catabolism. recent molecular studies in arabidopsis thaliana have helped elucidate the participation of these 2ha in in plant ... | 2015 | 26380567 |
| genetically engineering bacillus subtilis with a heat-resistant arsenite methyltransferase for bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated organic waste. | organic manures may contain high levels of arsenic (as) due to the use of as-containing growth-promoting substances in animal feed. to develop a bioremediation strategy to remove as from organic waste, bacillus subtilis 168, a bacterial strain which can grow at high temperature but is unable to methylate and volatilize as, was genetically engineered to express the arsenite s-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase gene (cmarsm) from the thermophilic alga cyanidioschyzon merolae. the genetically eng ... | 2015 | 26187966 |
| transcriptional analysis of amorphotheca resinae zn1 on biological degradation of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural derived from lignocellulose pretreatment. | furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) are the two major inhibitor compounds generated from lignocellulose pretreatment, especially for dilute acid, steam explosion, neutral hot water pretreatment methods. the two inhibitors severely inhibit the cell growth and metabolism of fermenting strains in the consequent bioconversion step. the biodetoxification strain amorphotheca resinae zn1 has demonstrated its extraordinary capacity of fast and complete degradation of furfural and hmf into corresp ... | 2015 | 26346604 |
| analysis and cloning of the synthetic pathway of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in the plant-beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9. | the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9, isolated from the cucumber rhizosphere, protects the host plant from pathogen invasion and promotes plant growth through efficient root colonization. the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) has been suggested to contribute to the plant-growth-promoting effect of bacillus strains. the possible iaa synthetic pathways in b. amyloliquefaciens sqr9 were investigated in this study, using a combination of chemic ... | 2015 | 26337367 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas putida jlr11, a facultative anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene biotransforming bacterium. | we report the draft genome sequence of pseudomonas putida jlr11, a facultative anaerobic bacterium that has been studied in detail for its capacity to use the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) as a nitrogen source. the sequence confirms the mechanisms used by this versatile strain to reduce and assimilate nitrogen from tnt. | 2015 | 26337875 |
| molecular characterization of selected multidrug resistant pseudomonas from water distribution systems in southwestern nigeria. | persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including multidrug resistant (mdr) pseudomonads, is an important environmental health problem associated with drinking water distribution systems (dwds) worldwide. there is paucity of data on the molecular characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes and their mode of transfer among pseudomonads from dwds located in resource-challenged areas such as southwestern nigeria. | 2015 | 26328550 |
| synthetic fatty acids prevent plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. | bacterial conjugation constitutes a major horizontal gene transfer mechanism for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among human pathogens. antibiotic resistance spread could be halted or diminished by molecules that interfere with the conjugation process. in this work, synthetic 2-alkynoic fatty acids were identified as a novel class of conjugation inhibitors. their chemical properties were investigated by using the prototype 2-hexadecynoic acid and its derivatives. essential featu ... | 2015 | 26330514 |
| insect's intestinal organ for symbiont sorting. | symbiosis has significantly contributed to organismal adaptation and diversification. for establishment and maintenance of such host-symbiont associations, host organisms must have evolved mechanisms for selective incorporation, accommodation, and maintenance of their specific microbial partners. here we report the discovery of a previously unrecognized type of animal organ for symbiont sorting. in the bean bug riptortus pedestris, the posterior midgut is morphologically differentiated for harbo ... | 2015 | 26324935 |
| biophysics. comment on "extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase". | fried et al. (reports, 19 december 2014, p. 1510) demonstrate electric field-dependent acceleration of biological catalysis using ketosteroid isomerase as a prototypic example. these findings were not extended to aqueous solution because water by itself has field fluctuations that are too large and fast to provide a catalytic effect. given physiological context, when water electrostatic interactions are considered, electric fields play a less important role in the catalysis. | 2015 | 26315427 |
| isolation of extracellular polymeric substances from biofilms of the thermoacidophilic archaeon sulfolobus acidocaldarius. | extracellular polymeric substances (eps) are the major structural and functional components of microbial biofilms. the aim of this study was to establish a method for eps isolation from biofilms of the thermoacidophilic archaeon, sulfolobus acidocaldarius, as a basis for eps analysis. biofilms of s. acidocaldarius were cultivated on the surface of gellan gum-solidified brock medium at 78°c for 4 days. five eps extraction methods were compared, including shaking of biofilm suspensions in phosphat ... | 2015 | 26380258 |
| plastic waste as a novel substrate for industrial biotechnology. | | 2015 | 26482561 |
| metabolic degradation of 1,4-dichloronaphthalene by pseudomonas sp. hy. | there is increasing concern regarding the adverse health effects of polychlorinated naphthalenes (pcns). the metabolic degradation of 1,4-dichloronaphthalene (1,4-dcn) as a model pcn, was studied using a strain of pseudomonas sp. hy. the metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). a series of metabolites including dihydroxy-dichloro-naphthalene, epoxy-dichlorinated naphthalene, dichlorinated naphthol, and dichlorinated salicylic acid were identified. the time-conce ... | 2015 | 26308037 |
| extracellular vesicles: role in inflammatory responses and potential uses in vaccination in cancer and infectious diseases. | almost all cells and organisms release membrane structures containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids called extracellular vesicles (evs), which have a wide range of functions concerning intercellular communication and signaling events. recently, the characterization and understanding of their biological role have become a main research area due to their potential role in vaccination, as biomarkers antigens, early diagnostic tools, and therapeutic applications. here, we will overview the rec ... | 2015 | 26380326 |
| functional identification of a novel gene, moae, for 3-succinoylpyridine degradation in pseudomonas putida s16. | microbial degradation of n-heterocyclic compounds, including xanthine, quinoline, nicotinate, and nicotine, frequently requires molybdenum hydroxylases. the intramolecular electron transfer chain of molybdenum hydroxylases consists of a molybdenum cofactor, two distinct [2fe-2s] clusters, and flavin adenine dinucleotide. 3-succinoylpyridine monooxygenase (spm), responsible for the transformation from 3-succinoylpyridine to 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine, is a crucial enzyme in the pyrrolidine pat ... | 2015 | 26304596 |
| analysis of the pathogenic potential of nosocomial pseudomonas putida strains. | pseudomonas putida strains are ubiquitous in soil and water but have also been reported as opportunistic human pathogens capable of causing nosocomial infections. in this study we describe the multilocus sequence typing of four p. putida strains (hb13667, hb8234, hb4184, and hb3267) isolated from in-patients at the besançon hospital (france). the four isolates (in particular hb3267) were resistant to a number of antibiotics. the pathogenicity and virulence potential of the strains was tested ex ... | 2015 | 26379646 |
| high-level expression, purification and large-scale production of l-methionine γ-lyase from idiomarina as a novel anti-leukemic drug. | l-methionine γ-lyase (mgl), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, possesses anti-tumor activity. however, the low activity of mgl blocks the anti-tumor effect. this study describes an efficient production process for the recombinant mgl (rmgl) from idiomarina constructed using the overexpression plasmid in escherichia coli bl21 (de3), purification, and large-scale production. the enzyme produced by the transformants accounted for 53% of the total proteins and accumulated at 1.95 mg/ml using ... | 2015 | 26308011 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas sp. strain lfm046, a producer of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate. | pseudomonas sp. lfm046 is a medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (phamcl) producer capable of using various carbon sources (carbohydrates, organic acids, and vegetable oils) and was first isolated from sugarcane cultivation soil in brazil. the genome sequence was found to be 5.97 mb long with a g+c content of 66%. | 2015 | 26294616 |
| draft genome sequence of the phenol-degrading bacterium pseudomonas putida h. | in this study, we report the draft genome of pseudomonas putida h, a well-known bacterium capable of degrading various aromatic compounds. its genome size is 6,065 mbp with a gc content of 61.6%. this work will aid future studies on this versatile bacterium. | 2015 | 26294632 |
| production of cinnamic and p-hydroxycinnamic acids in engineered microbes. | the aromatic compounds cinnamic and p-hydroxycinnamic acids (phcas) are phenylpropanoids having applications as precursors for the synthesis of thermoplastics, flavoring, cosmetic, and health products. these two aromatic acids can be obtained by chemical synthesis or extraction from plant tissues. however, both manufacturing processes have shortcomings, such as the generation of toxic subproducts or a low concentration in plant material. alternative production methods are being developed to enab ... | 2015 | 26347861 |
| salt stress induced changes in the exoproteome of the halotolerant bacterium tistlia consotensis deciphered by proteogenomics. | the ability of bacteria to adapt to external osmotic changes is fundamental for their survival. halotolerant microorganisms, such as tistlia consotensis, have to cope with continuous fluctuations in the salinity of their natural environments which require effective adaptation strategies against salt stress. changes of extracellular protein profiles from tistlia consotensis in conditions of low and high salinities were monitored by proteogenomics using a bacterial draft genome. at low salinity, w ... | 2015 | 26287734 |
| new delhi metallo-β-lactamase and oxa-48 carbapenemases in gram-negative bacilli isolates in libya. | | 2015 | 26294290 |
| development of spatial distribution patterns by biofilm cells. | confined spatial patterns of microbial distribution are prevalent in nature, such as in microbial mats, soil communities, and water stream biofilms. the symbiotic two-species consortium of pseudomonas putida and acinetobacter sp. strain c6, originally isolated from a creosote-polluted aquifer, has evolved a distinct spatial organization in the laboratory that is characterized by an increased fitness and productivity. in this consortium, p. putida is reliant on microcolonies formed by acinetobact ... | 2015 | 26116674 |
| assessing the genetic diversity of cu resistance in mine tailings through high-throughput recovery of full-length copa genes. | characterizing the genetic diversity of microbial copper (cu) resistance at the community level remains challenging, mainly due to the polymorphism of the core functional gene copa. in this study, a local blastn method using a copa database built in this study was developed to recover full-length putative copa sequences from an assembled tailings metagenome; these sequences were then screened for potentially functioning copa using conserved metal-binding motifs, inferred by evolutionary trace an ... | 2015 | 26286020 |
| structure of bipa in gtp form bound to the ratcheted ribosome. | bpi-inducible protein a (bipa) is a member of the family of ribosome-dependent translational gtpase (trgtpase) factors along with elongation factors g and 4 (ef-g and ef4). despite being highly conserved in bacteria and playing a critical role in coordinating cellular responses to environmental changes, its structures (isolated and ribosome bound) remain elusive. here, we present the crystal structures of apo form and gtp analog, gdp, and guanosine-3',5'-bisdiphosphate (ppgpp)-bound bipa. in add ... | 2015 | 26283392 |
| complete genome sequence of the phenanthrene-degrading soil bacterium delftia acidovorans cs1-4. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and microbial biodegradation is an important means of remediation of pah-contaminated soil. delftia acidovorans cs1-4 (formerly delftia sp. cs1-4) was isolated by using phenanthrene as the sole carbon source from pah contaminated soil in wisconsin. its full genome sequence was determined to gain insights into a mechanisms underlying biodegradation of pah. three genomic libraries were constructed and sequenced: an illu ... | 2015 | 26380642 |
| non-selective evolution of growing populations. | non-selective effects, like genetic drift, are an important factor in modern conceptions of evolution, and have been extensively studied for constant population sizes (kimura, 1955; otto and whitlock, 1997). here, we consider non-selective evolution in the case of growing populations that are of small size and have varying trait compositions (e.g. after a population bottleneck). we find that, in these conditions, populations never fixate to a trait, but tend to a random limit composition, and th ... | 2015 | 26274606 |
| combined endophytic inoculants enhance nickel phytoextraction from serpentine soil in the hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens. | this study assesses the effects of specific bacterial endophytes on the phytoextraction capacity of the ni-hyperaccumulator noccaea caerulescens, spontaneously growing in a serpentine soil environment. five metal-tolerant endophytes had already been selected for their high ni tolerance (6 mm) and plant growth promoting ability. here we demonstrate that individual bacterial inoculation is ineffective in enhancing ni translocation and growth of n. caerulescens in serpentine soil, except for specif ... | 2015 | 26322074 |
| complete biosynthesis of opioids in yeast. | opioids are the primary drugs used in western medicine for pain management and palliative care. farming of opium poppies remains the sole source of these essential medicines, despite diverse market demands and uncertainty in crop yields due to weather, climate change, and pests. we engineered yeast to produce the selected opioid compounds thebaine and hydrocodone starting from sugar. all work was conducted in a laboratory that is permitted and secured for work with controlled substances. we comb ... | 2015 | 26272907 |
| a novel and widespread class of ketosynthase is responsible for the head-to-head condensation of two acyl moieties in bacterial pyrone biosynthesis. | the biosynthesis of photopyrones, novel quorum sensing signals in photorhabdus, has been studied by heterologous expression of the photopyrone synthase ppys catalyzing the head-to-head condensation of two acyl moieties. the biochemical mechanism of pyrone formation has been investigated by amino acid exchange and bioinformatic analysis. additionally, the evolutionary origin of ppys has been studied by phylogenetic analyses also revealing homologous enzymes in pseudomonas sp. gm30 responsible for ... | 2015 | 26425196 |
| innovative biological approaches for monitoring and improving water quality. | water quality is largely influenced by the abundance and diversity of indigenous microbes present within an aquatic environment. physical, chemical and biological contaminants from anthropogenic activities can accumulate in aquatic systems causing detrimental ecological consequences. approaches exploiting microbial processes are now being utilized for the detection, and removal or reduction of contaminants. contaminants can be identified and quantified in situ using microbial whole-cell biosenso ... | 2015 | 26322034 |
| structural and functional adaptation of vancomycin resistance vant serine racemases. | vancomycin resistance in gram-positive bacteria results from the replacement of the d-alanyl-d-alanine target of peptidoglycan precursors with d-alanyl-d-lactate or d-alanyl-d-serine (d-ala-d-ser), to which vancomycin has low binding affinity. vant is one of the proteins required for the production of d-ala-d-ser-terminating precursors by converting l-ser to d-ser. vant is composed of two domains, an n-terminal membrane-bound domain, likely involved in l-ser uptake, and a c-terminal cytoplasmic ... | 2015 | 26265719 |
| identification of a specific maleate hydratase in the direct hydrolysis route of the gentisate pathway. | in contrast to the well-characterized and more common maleylpyruvate isomerization route of the gentisate pathway, the direct hydrolysis route occurs rarely and remains unsolved. in pseudomonas alcaligenes ncimb 9867, two gene clusters, xln and hbz, were previously proposed to be involved in gentisate catabolism, and hbzf was characterized as a maleylpyruvate hydrolase converting maleylpyruvate to maleate and pyruvate. however, the complete degradation pathway of gentisate through direct hydroly ... | 2015 | 26070679 |
| phenotypic and phylogenetic identification of coliform bacteria obtained using 12 coliform methods approved by the u.s. environmental protection agency. | the current definition of coliform bacteria is method dependent, and when different culture-based methods are used, discrepancies in results can occur and affect the accuracy of identification of true coliforms. this study used an alternative approach to the identification of true coliforms by combining the phenotypic traits of the coliform isolates and the phylogenetic affiliation of 16s rrna gene sequences with the use of lacz and uida genes. a collection of 1,404 isolates detected by 12 u.s. ... | 2015 | 26116679 |
| homogentisate 1-2-dioxygenase downregulation in the chronic persistence of pseudomonas aeruginosa australian epidemic strain-1 in the cf lung. | some pseudomonas aeruginosa strains including australian epidemic strain-1 (aes-1 or aus-01) cause persistent chronic infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, with greater morbidity and mortality. factors conferring persistence are largely unknown. previously we analysed the transcriptomes of aes-1 grown in luria broth, nematode growth medium for caenorhabditis elegans assay (both aerobic) and artificial sputum medium (mainly hypoxic). transcriptional comparisons included chronic aes-1 strain ... | 2015 | 26252386 |
| a comparison of the microbial production and combustion characteristics of three alcohol biofuels: ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-octanol. | over the last decade, microbes have been engineered for the manufacture of a variety of biofuels. saturated linear-chain alcohols have great potential as transport biofuels. their hydrocarbon backbones, as well as oxygenated content, confer combustive properties that make it suitable for use in internal combustion engines. herein, we compared the microbial production and combustion characteristics of ethanol, 1-butanol, and 1-octanol. in terms of productivity and efficiency, current microbial pl ... | 2015 | 26301219 |
| whole-genome sequencing targets drug-resistant bacterial infections. | during the past two decades, the technological progress of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) had changed the fields of environmental microbiology and biotechnology, and, currently, is changing the underlying principles, approaches, and fundamentals of public health, epidemiology, health economics, and national productivity. today's wgs technologies are able to compete with conventional techniques in cost, speed, accuracy, and resolution for day-to-day control of infectious diseases and outbreaks in ... | 2015 | 26243131 |
| phylogenetic analysis of methionine synthesis genes from thalassiosira pseudonana. | diatoms are unicellular algae responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. their evolution by secondary endocytobiosis resulted in a complex cellular structure and metabolism compared to algae with primary plastids. the sulfate assimilation and methionine synthesis pathways provide s-containing amino acids for the synthesis of proteins and a range of metabolites such as dimethylsulfoniopropionate. to obtain an insight into the localization and organization of the sulfur metabolis ... | 2015 | 26251775 |
| co2 - intrinsic product, essential substrate, and regulatory trigger of microbial and mammalian production processes. | carbon dioxide formation mirrors the final carbon oxidation steps of aerobic metabolism in microbial and mammalian cells. as a consequence, [formula: see text] dissociation equilibria arise in fermenters by the growing culture. anaplerotic reactions make use of the abundant [formula: see text] levels for refueling citric acid cycle demands and for enabling oxaloacetate-derived products. at the same time, co2 is released manifold in metabolic reactions via decarboxylation activity. the levels of ... | 2015 | 26284242 |
| biochemical and spectroscopic studies of epoxyqueuosine reductase: a novel iron-sulfur cluster- and cobalamin-containing protein involved in the biosynthesis of queuosine. | queuosine is a hypermodified nucleoside present in the wobble position of trnas with a 5'-gun-3' sequence in their anticodon (his, asp, asn, and tyr). the 7-deazapurine core of the base is synthesized de novo in prokaryotes from guanosine 5'-triphosphate in a series of eight sequential enzymatic transformations, the final three occurring on trna. epoxyqueuosine reductase (queg) catalyzes the final step in the pathway, which entails the two-electron reduction of epoxyqueuosine to form queuosine. ... | 2015 | 26230193 |
| effects of temperature and ph on the activities of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase obtained from crude oil contaminated soil in ilaje, ondo state, nigeria. | enrichment technique was employed for the isolation of the crude oil degrading bacteria. the isolated bacteria were screened for their degradative ability and the best degrading bacteria were selected based on their growth. specific activities of catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and effects of temperature and ph and their stabilities on the enzyme relative activities were observed. bacteria isolated from the soil sample include; bacillus cereus, b. amyloliquficiens, b. firmus, acinetobacter calcoaceticu ... | 2015 | 26464607 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa iscr-regulated ferredoxin nadp(+) reductase gene (fprb) functions in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and multiple stress response. | p. aeruginosa (pao1) has two putative genes encoding ferredoxin nadp(+) reductases, denoted fpra and fprb. here, the regulation of fprb expression and the protein's physiological roles in [4fe-4s] cluster biogenesis and stress protection are characterized. the fprb mutant has defects in [4fe-4s] cluster biogenesis, as shown by reduced activities of [4fe-4s] cluster-containing enzymes. inactivation of the gene resulted in increased sensitivity to oxidative, thiol, osmotic and metal stresses compa ... | 2015 | 26230408 |
| removal of protein capping enhances the antibacterial efficiency of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. | the present study demonstrates an economical and environmental affable approach for the synthesis of "protein-capped" silver nanoparticles in aqueous solvent system. a variety of standard techniques viz. uv-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (tem), energy dispersive spectroscopy (eds) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) measurements were employed to characterize the shape, size and composition of nanoparticles. the synthesized nanoparticles were found to be homogenous, spherical, mon ... | 2015 | 26226385 |
| in vitro effect of bergamot (citrus bergamia) juice against caga-positive and-negative clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, its eradication rates fails in a great portion of patients. a number of studies showed that molecules largely distributed in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables may have antimicrobial activity. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ... | 2015 | 26220068 |
| transcriptome profiling of wild-type and pga-knockout mutant strains reveal the role of exopolysaccharide in aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. | exopolysaccharides have a diverse set of functions in most bacteria including a mechanistic role in protecting bacteria against environmental stresses. among the many functions attributed to the exopolysaccharides, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, immune evasion and colonization have been studied most extensively. the exopolysaccharide produced by many gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria including the oral pathogen aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the homopolymer of ... | 2015 | 26221956 |
| haloarchaea endowed with phosphorus solubilization attribute implicated in phosphorus cycle. | archaea are unique microorganisms that are present in ecological niches of high temperature, ph and salinity. a total of 157 archaea were obtained from thirteen sediment, water and rhizospheric soil samples collected from rann of kutch, gujarat, india. with an aim to screen phosphate solubilizing archaea, a new medium was designed as haloarchaea p solubilization (hps) medium. the medium supported the growth and p solubilization activity of archaea. employing the hps medium, twenty isolates showe ... | 2015 | 26216440 |
| the role of czcrs two-component systems in the heavy metal resistance of pseudomonas putida x4. | the role of different czcrs genes in metal resistance and the cross-link between czcrs and czccba in pseudomonas putida x4 were studied to advance understanding of the mechanisms by which p. putida copes with metal stress. similar to p. putida kt2440, two complete czcrs1 and czcrs2 two-component systems, as well as a czcr3 without the corresponding sensing component were amplified in p. putida x4. the histidine kinase genes czcs1 and czcs2 were inactivated and fused to lacz by homologous recombi ... | 2015 | 26225958 |
| acetylcholinesterase in biofouling species: characterization and mode of action of cyanobacteria-derived antifouling agents. | effective and ecofriendly antifouling (af) compounds have been arising from naturally produced chemicals. the objective of this study is to use cyanobacteria-derived agents to investigate the role of acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity as an effect and/or mode of action of promising af compounds, since ache inhibitors were found to inhibit invertebrate larval settlement. to pursue this objective, in vitro quantification of ache activity under the effect of several cyanobacterial strain extracts ... | 2015 | 26213967 |
| characterization of dye-decolorizing peroxidase (dyp) from thermomonospora curvata reveals unique catalytic properties of a-type dyps. | dye-decolorizing peroxidases (dyps) comprise a new family of heme peroxidases, which has received much attention due to their potential applications in lignin degradation. a new dyp from thermomonospora curvata (tcdyp) was identified and characterized. unlike other a-type enzymes, tcdyp is highly active toward a wide range of substrates including model lignin compounds, in which the catalytic efficiency with abts (kcat(app)/km(app) = (1.7 × 10(7)) m(-1) s(-1)) is close to that of fungal dyps. st ... | 2015 | 26205819 |
| draft genome sequence of caprolactam-degrading pseudomonas putida strain sj3. | pseudomonas putida strain sj3, which possesses caprolactam-degrading ability, was isolated from dyeing industry wastewater in daegu, republic of korea. here, we describe the draft genome sequence and annotation of the strain. the 5,596,765-bp-long genome contains 4,293 protein-coding genes and 68 rna genes with 61.70% g+c content. | 2015 | 26205864 |
| permanent draft genome sequence of sulfoquinovose-degrading pseudomonas putida strain sq1. | pseudomonas putida sq1 was isolated for its ability to utilize the plant sugar sulfoquinovose (6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) for growth, in order to define its sq-degradation pathway and the enzymes and genes involved. here we describe the features of the organism, together with its draft genome sequence and annotation. the draft genome comprises 5,328,888 bp and is predicted to encode 5,824 protein-coding genes; the overall g + c content is 61.58 %. the genome annotation is being used for identificat ... | 2015 | 27408681 |
| development of a tightly controlled off switch for saccharomyces cerevisiae regulated by camphor, a low-cost natural product. | here we describe the engineering of a distant homolog of the tet repressor, camr, isolated from pseudomonas putida, that is regulated by camphor, a very inexpensive small molecule (at micromolar concentrations) for use in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the repressor was engineered by expression from a constitutive yeast promoter, fusion to a viral activator protein cassette, and codon optimization. a suitable promoter responsive to the camr fusion protein was engineered by embedding a p. putida opera ... | 2015 | 26206350 |
| rate-determining attack on substrate precedes rieske cluster oxidation during cis-dihydroxylation by benzoate dioxygenase. | rieske dearomatizing dioxygenases utilize a rieske iron-sulfur cluster and a mononuclear fe(ii) located 15 å across a subunit boundary to catalyze o2-dependent formation of cis-dihydrodiol products from aromatic substrates. during catalysis, o2 binds to the fe(ii) while the substrate binds nearby. single-turnover reactions have shown that one electron from each metal center is required for catalysis. this finding suggested that the reactive intermediate is fe(iii)-(h)peroxo or ho-fe(v)═o formed ... | 2015 | 26154836 |
| dna microarray-based identification of genes regulated by ntrc in bradyrhizobium japonicum. | the bradyrhizobium japonicum ntrbc two-component system is a critical regulator of cellular nitrogen metabolism, including the acquisition and catabolism of nitrogenous compounds. to better define the roles of this system, genome-wide transcriptional profiling was performed to identify the ntrc regulon during the response to nitrogen limitation. upon cells perceiving low intracellular nitrogen, they stimulate the phosphorylation of ntrc, which induces genes responsible for alteration of the core ... | 2015 | 26025905 |
| regulation mechanism of the ald gene encoding alanine dehydrogenase in mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium tuberculosis by the lrp/asnc family regulator aldr. | in the presence of alanine, aldr, which belongs to the lrp/asnc family of transcriptional regulators and regulates ald encoding alanine dehydrogenase in mycobacterium smegmatis, changes its quaternary structure from a homodimer to an octamer with an open-ring conformation. four aldr-binding sites (o2, o1, o4, and o3) with a consensus sequence of ga/t-n2-nww/wwn-n2-a/tc were identified upstream of the m. smegmatis ald gene by means of dnase i footprinting analysis. o2, o1, and o4 are required for ... | 2015 | 26195594 |
| entner-doudoroff pathway for sulfoquinovose degradation in pseudomonas putida sq1. | sulfoquinovose (sq; 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is the polar head group of the plant sulfolipid sq-diacylglycerol, and sq comprises a major proportion of the organosulfur in nature, where it is degraded by bacteria. a first degradation pathway for sq has been demonstrated recently, a "sulfoglycolytic" pathway, in addition to the classical glycolytic (embden-meyerhof) pathway in escherichia coli k-12; half of the carbon of sq is abstracted as dihydroxyacetonephosphate (dhap) and used for growth, wher ... | 2015 | 26195800 |
| a portable expression resource for engineering cross-species genetic circuits and pathways. | genetic circuits and metabolic pathways can be reengineered to allow organisms to process signals and manufacture useful chemicals. however, their functions currently rely on organism-specific regulatory parts, fragmenting synthetic biology and metabolic engineering into host-specific domains. to unify efforts, here we have engineered a cross-species expression resource that enables circuits and pathways to reuse the same genetic parts, while functioning similarly across diverse organisms. our e ... | 2015 | 26184393 |
| dynamic response of pseudomonas putida s12 to sudden addition of toluene and the potential role of the solvent tolerance gene trgi. | pseudomonas putida s12 is exceptionally tolerant to various organic solvents. to obtain further insight into this bacterium's primary defence mechanisms towards these potentially harmful substances, we studied its genome wide transcriptional response to sudden addition of toluene. global gene expression profiles were monitored for 30 minutes after toluene addition. during toluene exposure, high oxygen-affinity cytochrome c oxidase is specifically expressed to provide for an adequate proton gradi ... | 2015 | 26181384 |
| functional expression, purification, and biochemical properties of subtilase sprp from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the pseudomonas aeruginosa genome encodes a variety of different proteolytic enzymes several of which play an important role as virulence factors. interestingly, only two of these proteases are predicted to belong to the subtilase family and we have recently studied the physiological role of the subtilase sprp. here, we describe the functional overexpression of sprp in escherichia coli using a novel expression and secretion system. we show that sprp is autocatalytically activated by proteolysis ... | 2015 | 26175208 |
| identification of differentially abundant proteins of edwardsiella ictaluri during iron restriction. | edwardsiella ictaluri is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe intracellular bacterium that causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish. iron is an essential inorganic nutrient of bacteria and is crucial for bacterial invasion. reduced availability of iron by the host may cause significant stress for bacterial pathogens and is considered a signal that leads to significant alteration in virulence gene expression. however, the precise effect of iron-restriction on e. ictaluri protein abundance is ... | 2015 | 26168192 |
| the role of amino acid permeases and tryptophan biosynthesis in cryptococcus neoformans survival. | metabolic diversity is an important factor during microbial adaptation to different environments. among metabolic processes, amino acid biosynthesis has been demonstrated to be relevant for survival for many microbial pathogens, whereas the association between pathogenesis and amino acid uptake and recycling are less well-established. cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen with many habitats. as a result, it faces frequent metabolic shifts and challenges during its life cycl ... | 2015 | 26162077 |
| characterization of culturable bacterial endophytes and their capacity to promote plant growth from plants grown using organic or conventional practices. | plants have a diverse internal microbial biota that has been shown to have an important influence on a range of plant health attributes. although these endophytes have been found to be widely occurring, few studies have correlated agricultural production practices with endophyte community structure and function. one agricultural system that focuses on preserving and enhancing soil microbial abundance and biodiversity is organic farming, and numerous studies have shown that organically managed sy ... | 2015 | 26217348 |
| the bacterial phosphotransferase system: new frontiers 50 years after its discovery. | in 1964, kundig, ghosh and roseman reported the discovery of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts), which they subsequently proposed might catalyze sugar transport as well as sugar phosphorylation. what we have learned in the 50 years since its discovery is that, in addition to these primary functions, the pts serves as a complex protein kinase system that regulates a wide variety of transport, metabolic and mutagenic processes as well as the expression of numerous genes. ... | 2015 | 26159069 |
| lansoprazole is an antituberculous prodrug targeting cytochrome bc1. | better antibiotics capable of killing multi-drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently needed. despite extensive drug discovery efforts, only a few promising candidates are on the horizon and alternative screening protocols are required. here, by testing a panel of fda-approved drugs in a host cell-based assay, we show that the blockbuster drug lansoprazole (prevacid), a gastric proton-pump inhibitor, has intracellular activity against m. tuberculosis. ex vivo pharmacokinetics and ta ... | 2015 | 26158909 |
| cytochrome p450 3a enzymes catalyze the o6-demethylation of thebaine, a key step in endogenous mammalian morphine biosynthesis. | morphine, first characterized in opium from the poppy papaver somniferum, is one of the strongest known analgesics. endogenous morphine has been identified in several mammalian cells and tissues. the synthetic pathway of morphine in the opium poppy has been elucidated. the presence of common intermediates in plants and mammals suggests that biosynthesis occurs through similar pathways (beginning with the amino acid l-tyrosine), and the pathway has been completely delineated in plants. some of th ... | 2015 | 26157146 |
| the substrate tolerance of alcohol oxidases. | alcohols are a rich source of compounds from renewable sources, but they have to be activated in order to allow the modification of their carbon backbone. the latter can be achieved via oxidation to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. as an alternative to (thermodynamically disfavoured) nicotinamide-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, alcohol oxidases make use of molecular oxygen but their application is under-represented in synthetic biotransformations. in this review, the mechanism of copper ... | 2015 | 26153139 |
| synthetic biosensors for precise gene control and real-time monitoring of metabolites. | characterization and standardization of inducible transcriptional regulators has transformed how scientists approach biology by allowing precise and tunable control of gene expression. despite their utility, only a handful of well-characterized regulators exist, limiting the complexity of engineered biological systems. we apply a characterization pipeline to four genetically encoded sensors that respond to acrylate, glucarate, erythromycin and naringenin. we evaluate how the concentration of the ... | 2015 | 26152303 |
| bioactive 7-oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam and 12-membered macrolides from a gorgonian-derived cladosporium sp. fungus. | one new bicyclic lactam, cladosporilactam a (1), and six known 12-membered macrolides (2-7) were isolated from a gorgonian-derived cladosporium sp. fungus collected from the south china sea. their complete structural assignments were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic investigation. quantum chemistry calculations were used in support of the structural determination of 1. the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculation of its optical rotation. cladosporilactam a (1) was the f ... | 2015 | 26198234 |
| crystal structure of a cog4313 outer membrane channel. | cog4313 proteins form a large and widespread family of outer membrane channels and have been implicated in the uptake of a variety of hydrophobic molecules. structure-function studies of this protein family have so far been hampered by a lack of structural information. here we present the x-ray crystal structure of pput2725 from the biodegrader pseudomonas putida f1, a cog4313 channel of unknown function, using data to 2.3 å resolution. the structure shows a 12-stranded barrel with an n-terminal ... | 2015 | 26149193 |