| interaction of the agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence protein vird2 with histones. | agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium that genetically transforms plants and, under laboratory conditions, also transforms non-plant organisms, such as fungi and yeasts. during the transformation process a piece of ssdna (t-strand) is transferred into the host cells via a type iv secretion system. the vird2 relaxase protein, which is covalently attached at the 5' end of the t-strand through tyr29, mediates nuclear entry as it contains a nuclear localization sequence. how th ... | 2015 | 25505187 |
| an efficient plant regeneration and agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tagetes erecta. | tagetes erecta, l. an asteraceous plant of industrial and medicinal value, contains important compounds like pyrethrins, thiophenes and lutein, possessing immense potential for insecticidal, nematicidal and nutraceutical activities. considering the importance and demand for these natural compounds, genetic manipulation of this crop for better productivity of secondary metabolites holds great significance. a rapid and reproducible direct regeneration and genetic transformation system is the prere ... | 2015 | 25504508 |
| insights into the polerovirus-plant interactome revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. | identification of host proteins interacting with the aphidborne potato leafroll virus (plrv) from the genus polerovirus, family luteoviridae, is a critical step toward understanding how plrv and related viruses infect plants. however, the tight spatial distribution of plrv to phloem tissues poses challenges. a polyclonal antibody raised against purified plrv virions was used to coimmunoprecipitate virus-host protein complexes from nicotiana benthamiana tissue inoculated with an infectious plrv c ... | 2015 | 25496593 |
| a rapid and stable agrobacterium-mediated transformation method of a medicinal plant chelone glabra l. | transformation approach is a useful tool for the study of gene function, the mechanism of molecular regulation, and increase usefulness of components by reverse genetic approach in plants. in this study, we developed a stable and rapid method for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a medicinal plant chelone glabra l. using leaf explants. stable transformants were obtained using agrobacterium tumefaciens strains gv2260 and gv3101 that harbored the binary vector pbi121 and contained the neomy ... | 2015 | 25492686 |
| application of sonication in combination with vacuum infiltration enhances the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in indian soybean cultivars. | soybean is a recalcitrant crop to agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. development of highly efficient, reproducible, and genotype-independent transformation protocol is highly desirable for soybean genetic improvement. hence, an improved agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol has been developed for cultivar pk 416 by evaluating various parameters including agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (lba4404, eha101, and eha105 harboring pcambia1304 plasmid), sonication duration ... | 2015 | 25480345 |
| phylogenetic multilocus sequence analysis of native rhizobia nodulating faba bean (vicia faba l.) in egypt. | the taxonomic diversity of forty-two rhizobium strains, isolated from nodules of faba bean grown in egypt, was studied using 16s rrna sequencing, multilocus sequence analyses (mlsa) of three chromosomal housekeeping loci and one nodulation gene (noda). based on the 16s rrna gene sequences, most of the strains were related to rhizobium leguminosarum, rhizobium etli, and rhizobium radiobacter (syn. agrobacterium tumefaciens). a maximum likelihood (ml) tree built from the concatenated sequences of ... | 2014 | 25458609 |
| structure and function of a decarboxylating agrobacterium tumefaciens keto-deoxy-d-galactarate dehydratase. | agrobacterium tumefaciens (at) strain c58 contains an oxidative enzyme pathway that can function on both d-glucuronic and d-galacturonic acid. the corresponding gene coding for at keto-deoxy-d-galactarate (kdg) dehydratase is located in the same gene cluster as those coding for uronate dehydrogenase (at udh) and galactarolactone cycloisomerase (at gci) which we have previously characterized. here, we present the kinetic characterization and crystal structure of at kdg dehydratase, which catalyze ... | 2014 | 25454257 |
| c-terminal domain of cagx is responsible for its interaction with cagt protein of helicobacter pylori type iv secretion system. | helicobacter pylori are the well known human pathogen associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer. pathogenesis is mainly due to the presence of 40 kb cagpai (cag pathogenicity island) region that encodes the type iv secretion system (tfss) consisting of a cytoplasmic part, a middle part/core complex (spans from inner membrane to outer membrane), and an outer membrane associated part. cagx and cagt are two important proteins of tfss that have homology with virb9 and virb7 of agrobacterium tu ... | 2015 | 25446105 |
| development and validation of a p-35s, t-nos, t-35s and p-fmv tetraplex real-time pcr screening method to detect regulatory genes of genetically modified organisms in food. | in routine analysis screening methods based on real-time pcr (polymerase chain reaction) are most commonly used for the detection of genetically modified (gm) plant material in food and feed. screening tests are based on sequences frequently used for gm development, allowing the detection of a large number of gmos (genetically modified organisms). here, we describe the development and validation of a tetraplex real-time pcr screening assay comprising detection systems for the regulatory genes ca ... | 2014 | 25437161 |
| overexpression of bacterial mtld gene in peanut improves drought tolerance through accumulation of mannitol. | in the changing global environmental scenarios, water scarcity and recurrent drought impose huge reductions to the peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) crop yield. in plants, osmotic adjustments associated with efficient free radical scavenging ability during abiotic stress are important components of stress tolerance mechanisms. mannitol, a compatible solute, is known to scavenge hydroxyl radicals generated during various abiotic stresses, thereby conferring tolerance to water-deficit stress in many pl ... | 2014 | 25436223 |
| novel compounds that enhance agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation by mitigating oxidative stress. | agrobacterium tumefaciens caused tissue browning leading to subsequent cell death in plant transformation and novel anti-oxidative compounds enhanced agrobacterium -mediated plant transformation by mitigating oxidative stress. browning and death of cells transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens is a long-standing and high impact problem in plant transformation and the agricultural biotechnology industry, severely limiting the production of transgenic plants. using our tomato cv. microtom trans ... | 2015 | 25429877 |
| progress of cereal transformation technology mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | monocotyledonous plants were believed to be not transformable by the soil bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens until two decades ago, although convenient protocols for infection of leaf disks and subsequent regeneration of transgenic plants had been well established in a number of dicotyledonous species by then. this belief was reinforced by the fact that monocotyledons are mostly outside the host range of crown gall disease caused by the bacterium and by the failures in trials in monocotyledons ... | 2014 | 25426132 |
| blocking single-stranded transferred dna conversion to double-stranded intermediates by overexpression of yeast dna replication factor a. | agrobacterium tumefaciens delivers its single-stranded transferred dna (t-strand) into the host cell nucleus, where it can be converted into double-stranded molecules. various studies have revealed that double-stranded transfer dna (t-dna) intermediates can serve as substrates by as yet uncharacterized integration machinery. nevertheless, the possibility that t-strands are themselves substrates for integration cannot be ruled out. we attempted to block the conversion of t-strands into double-str ... | 2015 | 25424309 |
| efficient transformation and expression of gfp gene in valsa mali var. mali. | valsa mali var. mali, the causal agent of valsa canker of apple, causes great loss of apple production in apple producing regions. the pathogenic mechanism of the pathogen has not been studied extensively, thus a suitable gene marker for pathogenic invasion analysis and a random insertion of t-dna for mutants are desirable. in this paper, we reported the construction of a binary vector pko1-hph containing a positive selective gene hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph), a reporter gene gfp conferri ... | 2015 | 25423905 |
| construction of infectious clones of tomato torrado virus and their delivery by agroinfiltration. | the first biologically active infectious clones of tomato torrado virus (totv) were generated and delivered into nicotiana benthamiana and solanum lycopersicum plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the engineered constructs consisted of pcr-amplified complementary dnas derived from the totv rna1 and rna2 components, individually inserted into an engineered pgreen binary vector between the camv 35s promoter and nopaline synthase terminator. these constructs were introduced into the plant hosts by ... | 2015 | 25416854 |
| tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is the predominant cool-season perennial grass in the united states. it is widely used for both forage and turf purposes. this chapter describes a protocol that allows for the generation of a large number of transgenic tall fescue plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. embryogenic calli induced from caryopsis are used as explants for inoculation with a. tumefaciens. the agrobacterium strain used is eha105. hygromycin phosphotransfer ... | 2015 | 25416272 |
| poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd. ex klotzsch). | genetic engineering is an important tool for introducing desired genes into poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd. ex klotzsch). we describe in this chapter an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for poinsettia. a detailed description of genetic transformation, antibiotic selection, subsequent regeneration via somatic embryogenesis, and rooting as well as molecular and morphological analyses is included. the methodology described here could facilitate the future engineer ... | 2015 | 25416270 |
| hemp (cannabis sativa l.). | hemp (cannabis sativa l.) suspension culture cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 carrying the binary plasmid pnov3635. the plasmid contains a phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) selectable marker gene. cells transformed with pmi are capable of metabolizing the selective agent mannose, whereas cells not expressing the gene are incapable of using the carbon source and will stop growing. callus masses proliferating on selection medium were screened for pmi expression usin ... | 2015 | 25416268 |
| sugarcane (saccharum spp. hybrids). | genetic transformation of sugarcane has a tremendous potential to complement traditional breeding in crop improvement and will likely transform sugarcane into a bio-factory for value-added products. we describe here agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of sugarcane. embryogenic callus induced from immature leaf whorls was used as target for transformation with the hypervirulent agrobacterium strain agl1 carrying a constitutive nptii expression cassette in vector ppzp200. selection w ... | 2015 | 25416267 |
| peach (prunus persica l.). | until now, the application of genetic transformation techniques in peach has been limited by the difficulties in developing efficient regeneration and transformation protocols. here we describe an efficient regeneration protocol for the commercial micropropagation of gf677 rootstock (prunus persica × prunus amygdalus). the method is based on the production, via organogenesis, of meristematic bulk tissues characterized by a high competence for shoot regeneration. this protocol has also been used ... | 2015 | 25416260 |
| cherry. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of sour chgahtvy (prunus cerasus l.) "montmorency" and sweet cherry rootstocks "gisela 6" and "gisela 7" (p. cerasus × p. canescens) is described. briefly, leaf explants from in vitro shoots are cocultivated with a. tumefaciens either directly (for "gisela 6" and "gisela 7") or after pretreatment (for "montmorency") on cocultivation medium; selection and regeneration of transformed shoots are carried out on selection medium containing 50 mg/l kan ... | 2015 | 25416255 |
| blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l.). | vaccinium consists of approximately 450 species, of which highbush blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum) is one of the three major vaccinium fruit crops (i.e., blueberry, cranberry, and lingonberry) domesticated in the twentieth century. in blueberry the adventitious shoot regeneration using leaf explants has been the most desirable regeneration system to date; agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is the major gene delivery method and effective selection has been reported using either th ... | 2015 | 25416254 |
| taro (colocasia esculenta (l.) schott). | genetic engineering of taro is an effective method to improve taro quality and the resistance to various diseases of taro. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of taro is more efficient than the particle bombardment transformation method based on current research. the development of a regeneration system starting from taro shoot tip explants could produce dasheen mosaic virus (dsmv)-free plantlets. highly regenerative calluses could be developed from dsmv-free, in vitro plantlets on ... | 2015 | 25416252 |
| carrot (daucus carota l.). | plants are susceptible to infection by a broad range of fungal pathogens. a range of proteins have been evaluated that can enhance tolerance to these pathogens by heterologous expression in transgenic carrot tissues. the protocols for carrot transformation with arabidopsis npr1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1) are described in this chapter, using the herbicide resistance gene bar, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, as a selectable marker. in this protocol, petiol ... | 2015 | 25416249 |
| sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) is still considered as a recalcitrant species to in vitro culture and transformation in spite of the publication of different protocols. here we describe a routine transformation system of this crop which requires mature ha89 genotype seeds and agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 strain for gene delivery, being both easily available. selection of transformed shoots depends on root development in kanamycin-selective media, instead of shoot color, avoiding selection o ... | 2015 | 25416248 |
| jatropha (jatropha curcas l.). | the seed oil of jatropha (jatropha curcas l.) as a source of biodiesel fuel is gaining worldwide importance. commercial-scale exploration of jatropha has not succeeded due to low and unstable seed yield in semiarid lands unsuitable for the food production and infestation to diseases. genetic engineering is promising to improve various agronomic traits in jatropha and to understand the molecular functions of key jatropha genes for molecular breeding. we describe a protocol routinely followed in o ... | 2015 | 25416246 |
| genetic transformation of the tomato pathogen pyrenochaeta lycopersici allowed gene knockout using a split-marker approach. | pyrenochaeta lycopersici, as other soil-transmitted fungal pathogens, generally received little attention compared to the pathogens affecting the aerial parts of the plants, although causing stunt and important fruit yield reduction of agronomic relevant crops. the scope of this study was to develop a system allowing to investigate the functional role of p. lycopersici genes putatively involved in the corky root rot of tomato. a genetic transformation system based on a split-marker approach was ... | 2015 | 25413737 |
| membrane-binding mechanism of a bacterial phospholipid n-methyltransferase. | the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (pc) is crucial for stress adaptation and virulence of the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens. the phospholipid n-methyltransferase pmta catalyzes three successive methylations of phosphatidylethanolamine to yield pc. here, we asked how pmta is recruited to its site of action, the inner leaflet of the membrane. we found that the enzyme attaches to the membrane via electrostatic interactions with anionic lipids, which do not serve as substrate for pmta ... | 2015 | 25403021 |
| efficient generation of marker-free transgenic rice plants using an improved transposon-mediated transgene reintegration strategy. | marker-free transgenic plants can be developed through transposon-mediated transgene reintegration, which allows intact transgene insertion with defined boundaries and requires only a few primary transformants. in this study, we improved the selection strategy and validated that the maize (zea mays) activator/dissociation (ds) transposable element can be routinely used to generate marker-free transgenic plants. a ds-based gene of interest was linked to green fluorescent protein in transfer dna ( ... | 2015 | 25371551 |
| cloning of insertion site flanking sequence and construction of transfer dna insert mutant library in stylosanthes colletotrichum. | stylosanthes sp. is the most important forage legume in tropical areas worldwide. stylosanthes anthracnose, which is mainly caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a globally severe disease in stylo production. little progress has been made in anthracnose molecular pathogenesis research. in this study, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was used to transform stylosanthes colletotrichum strain ch008. the major factors of the genetic transformation system of s. colletotrichum w ... | 2014 | 25361073 |
| multiple enzymatic activities of parb/srx superfamily mediate sexual conflict among conjugative plasmids. | conjugative plasmids are typically locked in intergenomic and sexual conflicts with co-resident rivals, whose translocation they block using fertility inhibition factors (fins). we describe here the first crystal structure of an enigmatic fin osa deployed by the proteobacterial plasmid psa. osa contains a catalytically active version of the parb/sulfiredoxin fold with both atpase and dnase activity, the latter being regulated by an atp-dependent switch. using the agrobacterium tumefaciens virb/d ... | 2014 | 25358815 |
| a novel antibacterial peptide active against peach crown gall (agrobacterium tumefaciens) isolated from cyanide-tolerant actinomycetes g19. | an antimicrobial peptide was extracted from the antagonistic actinomycetes g19. it was designated as g19-f. by using maldi-tof mass spectrometry, the molecular weight of g19-f was determined. the primary structure of the antimicrobial peptide was determined using n-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry. results showed that the peptide had eleven amino acids, with the sequence d-v-c-d-g-g-d-g-d-e-d, and a calculated molecular mass of 1,096 da. g19-f showed antimicrobial activity against peach ... | 2015 | 25358422 |
| in vitro screening for anti-acetylcholiesterase, anti-oxidant, anti-glucosidase, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect of three traditional medicinal plants. | in this study we investigated the phytoconstituents calluna vulgaris, ferula hermonis and tribulus terrestris, and then assessed their possible biological activities by using standard methods. a preliminary phytochemical investigation of the three extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, lipids, phenolic compounds, saponins, sterols and amino acids. three extracts showed anti-oxidant effect as they inhibited the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (dpph) oxidation and produc ... | 2014 | 26740784 |
| genomic characterization of a temperate phage of the psychrotolerant deep-sea bacterium aurantimonas sp. | a temperate phage (termed amm-1) was identified from the psychrotolerant rhizobiales bacterium aurantimonas sp. c5-1, which was isolated from bathypelagic water (water depth = 1,500 m) in the northwest pacific. the amm-1 genome is 47,800 bp in length and contains 67 coding sequences. although phage amm-1 morphologically belongs to the family myoviridae, its genomic structure, particularly modular genome organization, is similar to that of lambda-type phages of siphoviridae. genetic and phylogene ... | 2015 | 25354565 |
| biological activities of the antiviral protein be27 from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | the ribosome inactivating protein be27 displays several biological activities in vitro that could result in a broad action against several types of pathogens. beetin 27 (be27), a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves, is an antiviral protein induced by virus and signaling compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid. its role as a defense protein has been attributed to its rna polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity. here we tested other pu ... | 2015 | 25326773 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of yam (dioscorea rotundata): an important tool for functional study of genes and crop improvement. | although genetic transformation of clonally propagated crops has been widely studied as a tool for crop improvement and as a vital part of the development of functional genomics resources, there has been no report of any existing agrobacterium-mediated transformation of yam (dioscorea spp.) with evidence of stable integration of t-dna. yam is an important crop in the tropics and subtropics providing food security and income to over 300 million people. however, yam production remains constrained ... | 2014 | 25309562 |
| synthesis and quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) of arylidene (benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazones as potential antibacterial agents. | ethyl (benzimidazol-1-yl)acetate was subjected to hydrazinolysis with hydrazine hydrate to give (benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide. the latter was reacted with various aromatic aldehydes to give the respective arylidene (1h-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazones. solutions of the prepared hydrazones were found to contain two geometric isomers. similarly (2-methyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide was reacted with various aldehydes to give the corresponding hydrazones. the antibacterial activity was eva ... | 2015 | 25304024 |
| the fungal cell-wall integrity mapk cascade is crucial for hyphal network formation and maintenance of restrictive growth of epichloë festucae in symbiosis with lolium perenne. | epichloë festucae is a mutualistic symbiont that systemically colonizes the intercellular spaces of lolium perenne leaves to form a highly structured and interconnected hyphal network. in an agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna forward genetic screen, we identified a mutant tm1066 that had a severe host interaction phenotype, causing stunting and premature senescence of the host. molecular analysis revealed that the mutation responsible for this phenotype was in the cell-wall integrity (cwi) mitogen- ... | 2015 | 25303335 |
| pepper, sweet (capsicum annuum). | capsicum (pepper) species are economically important crops that are recalcitrant to genetic transformation by agrobacterium (agrobacterium tumefaciens). a number of protocols for pepper transformation have been described but are not routinely applicable. the main bottleneck in pepper transformation is the low frequency of cells that are both susceptible for agrobacterium infection and have the ability to regenerate. here, we describe a protocol for the efficient regeneration of transgenic sweet ... | 2015 | 25300852 |
| soybean [glycine max (l.) merr]. | in this chapter we describe an agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation method of soybean that utilizes mature half seeds and regeneration from the cotyledonary node region. this method results in fertile transformed soybean plants and transgenic seed in approximately 9 months. using mature half seeds as starting material has proven to be a reliable method that does not require additional wounding for infection to occur. we have continued to make improvements in the protocol, resulting in an eff ... | 2015 | 25300848 |
| cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp]. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is an efficient method for incorporating genes and recovering stable transgenic plants in cowpea because this method offers several advantages such as the defined integration of transgenes, potentially low copy number, and preferential integration into transcriptional active regions of the chromosome. cotyledonary node explants of cowpea present an attractive target for t-dna delivery followed by regeneration of shoots via axillary proliferation ... | 2015 | 25300846 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transformation using immature embryos. | wheat may now be transformed very efficiently by agrobacterium tumefaciens. under the protocol hereby described, immature embryos of healthy plants of wheat cultivar fielder grown in a well-conditioned greenhouse were pretreated with centrifuging and cocultivated with a. tumefaciens. transgenic wheat plants were obtained routinely from between 40 and 90 % of the immature embryos, thus infected in our tests. all regenerants were normal in morphology and fully fertile. about half of the transforme ... | 2015 | 25300841 |
| rice, indica (oryza sativa l.). | indica varieties, which are generally recalcitrant to tissue culture and transformation, occupy 80 % of rice cultivation area in the world. therefore, transformation method for indica rice must be improved greatly so that global rice production would take full advantage of cutting-edge biotechnology. an efficient protocol for indica transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens is hereby described. immature embryos collected from plants in a greenhouse are cocultivated with a. tumefaciens ... | 2015 | 25300838 |
| maize (zea mays l.). | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is an effective method for introducing genes into maize. in this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for genetic transformation of the maize genotype hi ii. our starting plant material is immature embryos cocultivated with an agrobacterium strain carrying a standard binary vector. in addition to step-by-step laboratory transformation procedures, we include extensive details in growing donor plants and caring for transgenic plants in the gree ... | 2015 | 25300834 |
| barley (hordeum vulgare l.) transformation using immature embryos. | barley is a major crop species, and also has become a genetic model for the small grain temperate cereals. a draft barley genome sequence has recently been completed, opening many opportunities for candidate gene isolation and functionality testing. thanks to the development of customizable endonucleases, also site-directed genome modification recently became feasible for higher plants, which marks the beginning of a new era of genetic engineering. the development of improved binary vectors and ... | 2015 | 25300832 |
| setaria viridis. | interest in plant model systems for genetic, biological, and functional genomics studies stems from advantages they provide in terms of fast generation time, small stature, and simple growth requirements. a model species would be especially advantageous for the studies of c4 photosynthetic grasses, which currently present practical challenges. these include long seed-to-seed generation times, and because of their large size at maturity they require large growing areas. one potential model of int ... | 2015 | 25300831 |
| brachypodium distachyon. | the small grass brachypodium distachyon has attributes that make it an excellent model for the development and improvement of cereal crops and bioenergy feedstocks. to realize the potential of this system, many tools have been developed (e.g., the complete genome sequence, a large collection of natural accessions, a high density genetic map, bac libraries, est sequences, microarrays, etc.). in this chapter, we describe a high-efficiency transformation system, an essential tool for a modern model ... | 2015 | 25300828 |
| agrobacterium uses a unique ligand-binding mode for trapping opines and acquiring a competitive advantage in the niche construction on plant host. | by modifying the nuclear genome of its host, the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens induces the development of plant tumours in which it proliferates. the transformed plant tissues accumulate uncommon low molecular weight compounds called opines that are growth substrates for a. tumefaciens. in the pathogen-induced niche (the plant tumour), a selective advantage conferred by opine assimilation has been hypothesized, but not experimentally demonstrated. here, using genetics and structural b ... | 2014 | 25299655 |
| tccys4, a cystatin from cocoa, reduces necrosis triggered by mpnep2 in tobacco plants. | in brazil, most cocoa bean production occurs in southern bahia. witches' broom disease arrived in this area in 1989 and has since caused heavy losses in production. the disease is caused by the basidiomycete fungus moniliophthora perniciosa, a hemibiotrophic fungus that produces the necrosis and ethylene-inducting protein (mpnep2) during infection; this protein can activate cysteine proteases and induce programmed cell death. cysteine proteases can be modulated by cystatin. in this study, we ove ... | 2014 | 25299077 |
| genetic transformation of metroxylon sagu (rottb.) cultures via agrobacterium-mediated and particle bombardment. | sago palm (metroxylon sagu) is a perennial plant native to southeast asia and exploited mainly for the starch content in its trunk. genetic improvement of sago palm is extremely slow when compared to other annual starch crops. urgent attention is needed to improve the sago palm planting material and can be achieved through nonconventional methods. we have previously developed a tissue culture method for sago palm, which is used to provide the planting materials and to develop a genetic transform ... | 2014 | 25295258 |
| microsymbionts of phaseolus vulgaris in acid and alkaline soils of mexico. | in order to investigate bean-nodulating rhizobia in different types of soil, 41 nodule isolates from acid and alkaline soils in mexico were characterized. based upon the phylogenetic studies of 16s rrna, atpd, glnii, reca, rpob, gyrb, nifh and nodc genes, the isolates originating from acid soils were identified as the phaseoli symbiovar of the rhizobium leguminosarum-like group and rhizobium grahamii, whereas the isolates from alkaline soils were defined as ensifer americanum sv. mediterranense ... | 2014 | 25294010 |
| temperature effects on bacterial phytochrome. | bacteriophytochromes (bphps) are light-sensing regulatory proteins encoded in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria. this protein class incorporate bilin as their chromophore, with majority of them bearing a light- regulated his kinase or his kinase related module in the c-terminal. we studied the his kinase actives in the temperature range of 5°c to 40°c on two bphps, agp1 from agrobacterium tumefaciens and cph1 from cyanobacterium synechocystis pcc 6803. as reported, the phosphorylati ... | 2014 | 25289638 |
| agrobacterium radiobacter (beijerinck and van delden 1902) conn 1942 has priority over agrobacterium tumefaciens (smith and townsend 1907) conn 1942 when the two are treated as members of the same species based on the principle of priority and rule 23a, note 1 as applied to the corresponding specific epithets. opinion 94. judicial commission of the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes. | the judicial commission affirms that, according to the rules of the international code of nomenclature of bacteria (including changes made to the wording), the combination agrobacterium radiobacter (beijerinck and van delden 1902) conn 1942 has priority over the combination agrobacterium tumefaciens (smith and townsend 1907) conn 1942 when the two are treated as members of the same species based on the principle of priority as applied to the corresponding specific epithets. the type species of t ... | 2014 | 25288664 |
| characterization of the promoter of grapevine vein clearing virus. | grapevine vein clearing virus (gvcv) is a recently discovered dna virus in grapevine that is closely associated with the grapevine vein clearing syndrome observed in vineyards in missouri and surrounding states. the genome sequence of gvcv indicates that it belongs to the genus badnavirus in the family caulimoviridae. to identify the gvcv promoter, we cloned portions of the gvcv large intergenic region in front of a gfp gene present in an agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector. gfp expression w ... | 2015 | 25281563 |
| modifying fatty acid profiles through a new cytokinin-based plastid transformation system. | the widespread use of herbicides and antibiotics for selection of transgenic plants has not been very successful with regard to commercialization and public acceptance. hence, alternative selection systems are required. in this study, we describe the use of ipt, the bacterial gene encoding the enzyme isopentenyl transferase from agrobacterium tumefaciens, as a positive selectable marker for plastid transformation. a comparison between the traditional spectinomycin-based aada selection system and ... | 2014 | 25280363 |
| new developments of rnai in paracoccidioides brasiliensis: prospects for high-throughput, genome-wide, functional genomics. | the fungal genome initiative of the broad institute, in partnership with the paracoccidioides research community, has recently sequenced the genome of representative isolates of this human-pathogen dimorphic fungus: pb18 (s1), pb03 (ps2) and pb01. the accomplishment of future high-throughput, genome-wide, functional genomics will rely upon appropriate molecular tools and straightforward techniques to streamline the generation of stable loss-of-function phenotypes. in the past decades, rnai has e ... | 2014 | 25275433 |
| ras gtpase activating protein coira1 is involved in infection-related morphogenesis by regulating camp and mapk signaling pathways through coras2 in colletotrichum orbiculare. | colletotrichum orbiculare is the causative agent of anthracnose disease on cucurbitaceous plants. several signaling pathways, including camp-pka and mitogen-activating protein kinase (mapk) pathways are involved in the infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity of c. orbiculare. however, upstream regulators of these pathways for this species remain unidentified. in this study, coira1, encoding ras gtpase activating protein, was identified by screening the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediate ... | 2014 | 25275394 |
| development of a transformation system for aspergillus sojae based on the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated approach. | aspergillus sojae has been an important filamentous fungus in biotechnology due to its use in diverse fermentative processes for the production of various food products. furthermore, this fungus is a common expression system for the production of enzymes and other metabolites. the availability of molecular genetic tools to explore its biology is thus of big interest. in this study, an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system for a. sojae was developed and its applicability ... | 2014 | 25253558 |
| stress induced acquisition of somatic embryogenesis in common bean phaseolus vulgaris l. | common bean phaseolus vulgaris l. has been shown to be a recalcitrant plant to induce somatic embryogenesis (se) under in vitro conditions. we used an alternative strategy to induce se in common bean based upon the use of a cytokinin (bap) coupled with osmotic stress adaptation instead of se response that is induced by auxins. explants derived from zygotic embryos of common bean were subjected to osmotic stress (sucrose 12 % w/v, 0.5 m) in the presence of bap 10 mg/l and adenine free base 40 mg/ ... | 2015 | 25252886 |
| the impact of pseudomonas syringae type iii effectors on transient protein expression in tobacco. | the production of recombinant proteins in plants is often achieved by transient expression, e.g. following the injection or vacuum infiltration of agrobacterium tumefaciens into tobacco leaves. we investigated the associated plant defence responses, revealing that callose deposition is triggered by t-dna transfer and that subsets of secondary metabolites accumulate in response to mechanical wounding or the presence of bacteria. we also tested the ability of five co-expressed type iii effector pr ... | 2015 | 25243954 |
| towards understanding the molecular recognition process in prokaryotic zinc-finger domain. | eukaryotic cys2his2 zinc finger domain is one of the most common and important structural motifs involved in protein-dna interaction. the recognition motif is characterized by the tetrahedral coordination of a zinc ion by conserved cysteine and histidine residues. we have characterized the prokaryotic cys2his2 zinc finger motif, included in the dna binding region (ros87) of ros protein from agrobacterium tumefaciens, demonstrating that, although possessing a similar zinc coordination sphere, thi ... | 2015 | 25240418 |
| conversion of bac clones into binary bac (bibac) vectors and their delivery into basidiomycete fungal cells using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the genetic transformation of certain organisms, required for gene function analysis or complementation, is often not very efficient, especially when dealing with large gene constructs or genomic fragments. we have adapted the natural dna transfer mechanism from the soil pathogenic bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens, to deliver intact large dna constructs to basidiomycete fungi of the genus ustilago where they stably integrated into their genome. to this end, bacterial artificial chromosome (ba ... | 2015 | 25239747 |
| bioactive spirobisnaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus berkleasmium sp. | nine new spirobisnaphthalenes, palmarumycins b1-b9 (1-9), along with 13 known compounds (10-22), were isolated from cultures of the fungus berkleasmium sp., an endophyte isolated from the medicinal plant dioscorea zingiberensis c. h. wright. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of the 1d and 2d nmr and hresims spectra and by comparison with known compounds. compounds 7-9 contain an uncommon 2,3-dihydro-1h-inden-1-one unit. all isolated compounds were evaluated for thei ... | 2014 | 25237727 |
| control of zinc homeostasis in agrobacterium tumefaciens via zur and the zinc uptake genes znuabc and zint. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens zinc uptake regulator (zur) was shown to negatively regulate the zinc uptake genes znuabc, encoding a zinc transport system belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter family, and zint, which encodes a periplasmic zinc-binding protein. the expression of znuabc and zint was inducible when cells were grown in medium containing a metal chelator (edta), and this induction was shown to be specific for zinc depletion. the expression of znuabc was reduced in re ... | 2014 | 25227896 |
| over-expression of osptr6 in rice increased plant growth at different nitrogen supplies but decreased nitrogen use efficiency at high ammonium supply. | nitrogen (n) plays a critical role in plant growth and productivity and ptr/nrt1 transporters are critical for rice growth. in this study, osptr6, a ptr/nrt1 transporter, was over-expressed in the nipponbare rice cultivar by agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation using the ubiquitin (ubi) promoter. three single-copy t2 generation transgenic lines, named oe1, oe5 and oe6, were produced and subjected to hydroponic growth experiments in different nitrogen treatments. the results showed the plant ... | 2014 | 25219300 |
| beyond my wildest expectations. | with support from my parents, i fulfilled their and my expectations of graduating from college and becoming a scientist. my scientific career has focused on two organisms, bacillus subtilis and agrobacterium tumefaciens, and two experimental systems, aromatic amino acid synthesis and dna transfer in bacteria and plants. studies on b. subtilis emphasized the genetics and biochemistry of aromatic amino acid synthesis and the characterization of competence in dna transformation. i carried out both ... | 2014 | 25208299 |
| [hair roots induction and culture of withania somnifera and its withanolide a synthesis]. | withanolide a is a biologically active secondary metabolite occuring in roots and leaves of withania somnifera. in the present study, adventitious roots from leaf explants of w. somnifera were induced for the production of withanolide-a by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58c1 to obtain hair roots. hair roots induction rate reached 30%. the withanolide a was determined by hplc in different hair roots lines and different parts of w. somnifera. the average content of withanolide a in all hair roo ... | 2014 | 25204166 |
| native mitral valve endocarditis due to rhizobium radiobacter - first case report. | rhizobium radiobacter (rr) has rarely been associated with human infection, mainly sepsis or bacteremia, and an unique case of prosthetic aortic endocarditis has been reported. we present a case of native mitral valve endocarditis to rr, to our knowledge the first clinical report of such infection. | 2014 | 25202754 |
| [construction of transgenic tobacco expressing popw and analysis of its biological phenotype]. | in a previous study, we cloned popw from ralstonia solanacearum strain zj3721, coding popw, a new harpin protein. the procaryotically expressed popw can induce resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), enhance growth and improve quality of tobacco, when sprayed onto tobacco leaves. here, we constructed an expression vector pb- popw by cloning popw into the bionary vector pbi121 and transformed it into agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha105 via freeze-thaw method. tobacco (nicotiana tobacum cv. ... | 2014 | 25195247 |
| overexpression of atdreb1d transcription factor improves drought tolerance in soybean. | drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect productivity in soybean (glycine max l.) several genes induced by drought stress include functional genes and regulatory transcription factors. the arabidopsis thaliana dreb1d transcription factor driven by the constitutive and aba-inducible promoters was introduced into soybean through agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. several transgenic lines were generated and molecular analysis was performed to confirm transgene integra ... | 2014 | 25192890 |
| application of rna interference methodology to investigate and develop scmv resistance in maize. | specific fragments of the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) coat protein gene (cp) were amplified by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and used to construct a marker free small interfering rna complex expression vector against scmv. in planta transformation was performed on maize (zea mays) inbred line 8112 mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. pcr and southern blot analyses demonstrated successful integration of the cp segment into the 8112 genome. the in planta transformation frequen ... | 2014 | 25189224 |
| molecular characterization of ku70 and ku80 homologues and exploitation of a ku70-deficient mutant for improving gene deletion frequency in rhodosporidium toruloides. | rhodosporidium toruloides is a β-carotenoid accumulating, oleaginous yeast that has great biotechnological potential. the lack of reliable and efficient genetic manipulation tools have been a major hurdle blocking its adoption as a biotechnology platform. | 2014 | 25188820 |
| inoculation of lens culinaris with pb-resistant bacteria shows potential for phytostabilization. | phytoremediation comprises a set of plant and microbe-based technologies for remediation of soil heavy metal contamination. in this work, four pb-resistant bacteria (agrobacterium tumefaciens, rahnella aquatilis, and two pseudomonas sp.) were selected among a collection of isolates from root nodule of lens culinaris. they had a high degree of bioaccumulation ability in nutrient medium containing 2 mm pb, and the maximum pb accumulation of whole cell was found after 48-h incubation. these pb-resi ... | 2015 | 25185494 |
| synthesis of methylerythritol phosphate analogues and their evaluation as alternate substrates for ispdf and ispe from agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the methylerythritol phosphate biosynthetic pathway, found in most bacteria, some parasitic protists, and plant chloroplasts, converts d-glyceraldehyde phosphate and pyruvate to isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp), where it intersects with the mevalonate pathway found in some bacteria, archaea, and eukarya, including the cytosol of plants. d-3-methylerythritol-4-phosphate (mep), the first pathway-specific intermediate in the pathway, is converted to ipp and dmapp ... | 2014 | 25184438 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transient expression of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in detached sunflower leaves. | for biofuel applications, synthetic endoglucanase e1 and xylanase (xyn10a) derived from acidothermus cellulolyticus were transiently expressed in detached whole sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaves using vacuum infiltration. three different expression systems were tested, including the constitutive camv 35s-driven, cmvar (cucumber mosaic virus advanced replicating), and trbo (tobacco mosaic virus rna-based overexpression vector) systems. for 6-day leaf incubations, codon-optimized e1 and xyla ... | 2014 | 25180328 |
| cre reporter assay for translocation (craft): a tool for the study of protein translocation into host cells. | many pathogenic bacteria introduce virulence proteins, also called effector proteins, into host cells to accomplish infection. such effector proteins are often translocated into host cells by bacterial type iii (t3ss) or type iv secretion systems (t4ss). to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence, it is essential to identify the effector proteins and determine their functions. several reporter assays have been established to identify translocated effector proteins and ver ... | 2014 | 25172277 |
| overexpression of the hspl promotes agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence in arabidopsis under heat shock conditions. | agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers a specific dna fragment from the resident tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid and effector virulence (vir) proteins to plant cells during infection. a. tumefaciens virb1-11 and vird4 proteins assemble as the type iv secretion system (t4ss), which mediates transfer of the t-dna and effector vir protein into plant cells, thus resulting in crown gall disease in plants. previous studies revealed that an α-crystallin-type, small heat-shock protein (hspl) is a more effectiv ... | 2015 | 25163013 |
| historical account on gaining insights on the mechanism of crown gall tumorigenesis induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the plant tumor disease known as crown gall was not called by that name until more recent times. galls on plants were described by malpighi (1679) who believed that these extraordinary growth are spontaneously produced. agrobacterium was first isolated from tumors in 1897 by fridiano cavara in napoli, italy. after this bacterium was recognized to be the cause of crown gall disease, questions were raised on the mechanism by which it caused tumors on a variety of plants. numerous very detailed stu ... | 2014 | 25147542 |
| sri lankan cassava mosaic virus replication associated protein (rep) triggers transposition of is426 in agrobacterium. | we report a high rate of is426 transposition in agrobacterium tumefaciens in the presence of the sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) replication associated protein gene (rep). upon conjugal transfer of the binary plasmid pcam-slcmv-rep with the slcmv rep gene in the sense orientation under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter into the a. tumefaciens vir helper strain eha105, the binary plasmid size increased in all 15 transconjugants studied. southe ... | 2014 | 25135797 |
| the transcription factor vvwrky33 is involved in the regulation of grapevine (vitis vinifera) defense against the oomycete pathogen plasmopara viticola. | grapevine (vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera) is one of the most important fruit species; however, it is highly susceptible to various pathogens, which can cause severe crop losses in viticulture. it has been shown that several wrky class transcription factors (tfs) are part of the signal transduction cascade, which leads to the activation of plant defense reactions against various pathogens. in the present investigation, a full-length cdna was isolated from v. vinifera leaf tissue encoding a predict ... | 2015 | 25132131 |
| viral and chloroplastic signals essential for initiation and efficiency of translation in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the construction of high-level protein expression vectors using the camv 35s promoter in concert with highly efficient translation initiation signals for agrobacterium tumefaciens is a relatively less explored field compared to that of escherichia coli. in the current study, we experimentally investigated the capacity of the camv 35s promoter to direct gfp gene expression in a. tumefaciens in the context of different viral and chloroplastic translation initiation signals. gfp expression and conc ... | 2014 | 25117444 |
| successful agrobacterium mediated transformation of thielaviopsis basicola by optimizing multiple conditions. | thielaviopsis basicola is a hemibiotrophic root pathogen causing black root rot in a wide range of economically important crops. our initial attempts to transform t. basicola using standard agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocols were unsuccessful. successful transformation required the addition of v8 juice (to induce germination of t. basicola chlamydospores) and higher concentrations of acetosyringone in the co-cultivation medium, and of chlamydospores/endoconidia, a ... | 2014 | 25110130 |
| early-flowering sweet orange mutant 'x11' as a model for functional genomic studies of citrus. | there had been many reports on genetic transformation of citrus for functional genomic studies but few included genes associated with flower or fruit traits. a major reason for this might derive from the extensive juvenile stage of citrus plants when regenerated from juvenile explants (epicotyls, cotyledon or calli), which delays the observation of the resulting phenotype. alternatives include the use of explants from adult tissues, which sometimes may be recalcitrant to regeneration or transfor ... | 2014 | 25108567 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in the entomopathogenic fungus lecanicillium lecanii and development of benzimidazole fungicide resistant strains. | lecanicillium lecanii has been used in the biological control of several insects in agricultural practice. since the gene manipulation tools for this entomopathogenic fungus have not been sufficiently developed, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) in l. lecanii was investigated in this study, using the wild-type isolate fz9906 as a progenitor strain and the hygromycin b resistance (hph) gene as a selection marker. furthermore, a field carbendazim-resistant (mrt) gene from bo ... | 2014 | 25107375 |
| morphogenetic and chemical stability of long-term maintained agrobacterium-mediated transgenic catharanthus roseus plants. | transgenic catharanthus roseus plants (transgenic dhawal [dt] and transgenic nirmal [nt]) obtained from the agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizognenes-mediated transformations, respectively, have been maintained in vitro for 5 years. plants were studied at regular intervals for various parameters such as plant height, leaf size, multiplication rate, alkaloid profile and presence of marker genes. dt plant gradually lost the gus gene expression and it was not detected in the fifth yea ... | 2015 | 25102992 |
| identification and functional analysis of penicillium digitatum genes putatively involved in virulence towards citrus fruit. | the fungus penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mould rot, is the most destructive post-harvest pathogen of citrus fruit in mediterranean regions. in order to identify p. digitatum genes up-regulated during the infection of oranges that may constitute putative virulence factors, we followed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based suppression subtractive hybridization and cdna macroarray hybridization approach. the origin of expressed sequence tags (ests) was determined by comparison ... | 2015 | 25099378 |
| [establishment of transformation system of lonicera macranthoides mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens]. | based on the system of regeneration,the genetic transformation system of lonicera macranthoides was established. | 2013 | 25090668 |
| heterologous expression of vhb can improve the yield and quality of biocontrol fungus paecilomyces lilacinus, during submerged fermentation. | paecilomyces lilacinus is an egg-parasitic fungus which is effective against plant-parasitic nematodes and it has been successfully commercialized for the control of many plant-parasitic nematodes. however, during the large-scale industrial fermentation process of the filamentous fungus, the dissolved oxygen supply is a limiting factor, which influences yield, product quality and production cost. to solve this problem, we intended to heterologously express vhb in p. lilacinus acss. after optimiz ... | 2014 | 25087739 |
| rnai mediated gene silencing against betasatellite associated with croton yellow vein mosaic begomovirus. | plant viruses encode suppressors of posttranscriptional gene silencing, an adaptive antiviral defense responses that confines virus infection. previously, we identified single-stranded dna satellite (also known as dna-β) of ~1,350 nucleotides in length associated with croton yellow vein mosaic begomovirus (cyvmv) in croton plants. the expression of genes from dna-β requires the begomovirus for packaged, replication, insect transmission and movement in plants. the present study demonstrates the e ... | 2014 | 25086625 |
| agroinfiltration by cytokinin-producing agrobacterium sp. strain gv3101 primes defense responses in nicotiana tabacum. | transient infiltrations in tobacco are commonly used in plant studies, but the host response to different disarmed agrobacterium strains is not fully understood. the present study shows that pretreatment with disarmed agrobacterium tumefaciens gv3101 primes the defense response to subsequent infection by pseudomonas syringae in nicotiana tabacum. the presence of a trans-zeatin synthase (tzs) gene in strain gv3101 may be partly responsible for the priming response, as the tzs-deficient agrobacter ... | 2014 | 25054409 |
| distribution and diversity of rhizobia associated with wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) in northwest china. | a total of 155 nodule isolates that originated from seven sites in northwest china were characterized by pcr-rflp of the 16s rrna gene and sequence analysis of multiple core genes (16s rrna, reca, atpd, and glnii) in order to investigate the diversity and biogeography of glycine soja-nodulating rhizobia. among the isolates, 80 were ensifer fredii, 19 were ensifer morelense, 49 were rhizobium radiobacter, and 7 were putative novel rhizobium species. the phylogenies of e. fredii and e. morelense i ... | 2014 | 25052953 |
| antitumor properties of two traditional aromatic rice genotypes (kalijira and chinigura). | methanol extract of bran and unpolished grain of two traditional aromatic rice genotypes viz. kalijira and chinigura were assayed for their activity on the growth and initiation of crown-gall tumors on potato disks. | 2014 | 25050299 |
| genetic transformation of fusarium avenaceum by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation and the development of a user-brick vector construction system. | the plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungus fusarium avenaceum causes considerable in-field and post-field losses worldwide due to its infections of a wide range of different crops. despite its significant impact on the profitability of agriculture production and a desire to characterize the infection process at the molecular biological level, no genetic transformation protocol has yet been established for f. avenaceum. in the current study, it is shown that f. avenaceum can be efficiently trans ... | 2014 | 25048842 |
| the multifaceted roles of the interspecies signalling molecule indole in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | bacteria utilize signal molecules to ensure their survival in environmental niches, and indole is an interspecies and interkingdom signalling molecule, which is widespread in the natural environment. in this study, we sought to identify novel roles of indole in soil-borne bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens. agrobacterium tumefaciens was found not to synthesize indole and to degrade it rapidly. the addition of exogenous indole dose-dependently inhibited a. tumefaciens growth and decreased its mo ... | 2015 | 25040348 |
| screening of high toxic metarhizium strain against plutella xylostella and its marking with green fluorescent protein. | entomopathogenic fungus is proposed to be one of the best biocontrol agents against the destructive insect pest plutella xylostella. in this study, we tested the virulence of 11 metarhizium strain isolates against p. xylostella using a leaf dipping method, and found one strain, named 609, which had displayed the highest pathogenicity. bioassay results showed that the accumulated corrected mortality rate was 86.7 % on the eighth day after inoculation with a spore concentration 1 × 10(8) conidia/m ... | 2014 | 25037866 |
| antimicrobial and inhibitory enzyme activity of n-(benzyl) and quaternary n-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives on plant pathogens. | chemical modification of a biopolymer chitosan by introducing quaternary ammonium moieties into the polymer backbone enhances its antimicrobial activity. in the present study, a series of quaternary n-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives were synthesized and characterized by (1)h-nmr, ft-ir and uv spectroscopic techniques. the antimicrobial activity against crop-threatening bacteria agrobacterium tumefaciens and erwinia carotovora and fungi botrytis cinerea, botryodiplodia theobromae, fusarium oxysporu ... | 2014 | 25037402 |
| protoplast: a more efficient system to study nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation is a powerful tool for plant research, but it can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. here, we report a protoplast-based approach to study nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions, such as cytoplasmic male sterility/fertility restoration (cms/rf) and organellar rna editing. to test the system, we transfected the fertility restorer gene rf5, which is involved in the rice hl-cms/rf system, into rice protoplasts prepared from the hl-cms line. as t ... | 2014 | 25026554 |
| [construction of plant expression vectors with pmi gene as selection marker and their utilization in transformation of salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba]. | to construct plant expression pcambia1301-pmi by substituting pmi for hygromycin resistance gene in pcambia1301 and obtain transgenic salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba using pmi-mannose selection system. | 2014 | 25011255 |
| type vi secretion system helps find a niche. | type vi secretion systems (t6sss) deliver toxins into target cells and thus play a role in bacterial warfare. in this issue of cell host & microbe, ma et al. (2014) demonstrate that t6ss-dependent attack during interbacterial competition in the host context enables niche colonization by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | 2014 | 25011102 |
| the role of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in cryptococcus neoformans high temperature growth and virulence. | fungal infections are often difficult to treat due to the inherent similarities between fungal and animal cells and the resulting host toxicity from many antifungal compounds. cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans that causes life-threatening disease, primarily in immunocompromised patients. since antifungal therapy for this microorganism is limited, many investigators have explored novel drug targets aim at virulence factors, such as the ability to grow at mammal ... | 2014 | 25011011 |