| antimicrobial activity of pantothenol against staphylococci possessing a prokaryotic type ii pantothenate kinase. | pantothenol is a provitamin of pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) that is widely used in healthcare and cosmetic products. this analog of pantothenate has been shown to markedly inhibit the phosphorylation activity of the prokaryotic type ii pantothenate kinase of staphylococcus aureus, which catalyzes the first step of the coenzyme a biosynthetic pathway. since type ii enzymes are found exclusively in staphylococci, pantothenol suppresses the growth of s. aureus, s. epidermidis, and s. saprophyticus ... | 2014 | 24759689 |
| isolation and characterization of broad spectrum coaggregating bacteria from different water systems for potential use in bioaugmentation. | the bridging bacteria with broad-spectrum coaggregation ability play an important role during multispecies-biofilm development. in this study, through a visual and semi-quantitative assay, twenty-two bacterial strains with aggregation ability were obtained from 8 different water environments, and these strains were assigned to 7 genera according to their 16s rdna and they were aeromonas, bacillus, comamonas, exiguobacterium, pseudomonas, shewanella and comamonas. furthermore, all possible 231 pa ... | 2014 | 24736645 |
| mp3: a software tool for the prediction of pathogenic proteins in genomic and metagenomic data. | the identification of virulent proteins in any de-novo sequenced genome is useful in estimating its pathogenic ability and understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis. similarly, the identification of such proteins could be valuable in comparing the metagenome of healthy and diseased individuals and estimating the proportion of pathogenic species. however, the common challenge in both the above tasks is the identification of virulent proteins since a significant proportion of genomic and metagen ... | 2014 | 24736651 |
| gammaproteobacterial diazotrophs and nifh gene expression in surface waters of the south pacific ocean. | in addition to the cyanobacterial n2-fixers (diazotrophs), there is a high nifh gene diversity of non-cyanobacterial groups present in marine environments, yet quantitative information about these groups is scarce. n2 fixation potential (nifh gene expression), diversity and distributions of the uncultivated diazotroph phylotype γ-24774a11, a putative gammaproteobacterium, were investigated in the western south pacific ocean. γ-24774a11 gene copies correlated positively with diazotrophic cyanobac ... | 2014 | 24722632 |
| nitrile as activating group in the asymmetric bioreduction of β-cyanoacrylic acids catalyzed by ene-reductases. | asymmetric bioreduction of an (e)-β-cyano-2,4-dienoic acid derivative by ene-reductases allowed a shortened access to a precursor of pregabalin [(s)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid] possessing the desired configuration in up to 94% conversion and >99% ee. deuterium labelling studies showed that the nitrile moiety was the preferred activating/anchor group in the active site of the enzyme over the carboxylic acid or the corresponding methyl ester. | 2014 | 26190962 |
| production of polypeptide antibiotic from streptomyces parvulus and its antibacterial activity. | a highly potent secondary metabolite producing actinomycetes strain is isolated from marine soil sediments of visakhapatnam sea coast, bay of bengal. over all ten strains are isolated from the collected soil sediments. among the ten actinomycetes strains the broad spectrum strain rspsn2 was selected for molecular characterization, antibiotic production and its purification. the nucleotide sequence of the 1 rrna gene (1261 base pairs) of the most potent strain evidenced a 96% similarity with stre ... | 2014 | 24948949 |
| prophage induction and differential reca and umudab transcriptome regulation in the dna damage responses of acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter baylyi. | the sos response to dna damage that induces up to 10% of the prokaryotic genome requires reca action to relieve lexa transcriptional repression. in acinetobacter species, which lack lexa, the error-prone polymerase accessory umudab is instead required for ddrr induction after dna damage, suggesting it might be a lexa analog. rna-seq experiments defined the dna damage transcriptome (mitomycin c-induced) of wild type, reca and umudab mutant strains of both a. baylyi adp1 and a. baumannii atcc 1797 ... | 2014 | 24709747 |
| analysis of biodegradation performance of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by amorphotheca resinae zn1. | furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) are the degradation products of lignocellulose during pretreatment operations and significantly inhibit the consequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes. the biodetoxification fungus amorphotheca resinae zn1 had demonstrated its excellent capacity on degrading lignocellulose derived inhibitors and helped the fermentation processes to achieve high yield of ethanol and biochemicals. analysis of the biological degradation performance of furfu ... | 2014 | 24708699 |
| fructose 1-phosphate is the one and only physiological effector of the cra (frur) regulator of pseudomonas putida. | fructose-1-phosphate (f1p) is the preferred effector of the catabolite repressor/activator (cra) protein of the soil bacterium pseudomonas putida but its ability to bind other metabolic intermediates in vivo is unclear. the cra protein of this microorganism (cra(pp)) was submitted to mobility shift assays with target dna sequences (the pfrub promoter) and candidate effectors fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (fbp), glucose 6-phosphate (g6p), and fructose-6-phosphate (f6p). 1 mm f1p was sufficient to rel ... | 2014 | 24918052 |
| glass-forming property of hydroxyectoine is the cause of its superior function as a desiccation protectant. | we were able to demonstrate that hydroxyectoine, in contrast to ectoine, is a good glass-forming compound. fourier transform infrared and spin label electron spin resonance studies of dry ectoine and hydroxyectoine have shown that the superior glass-forming properties of hydroxyectoine result from stronger intermolecular h-bonds with the oh group of hydroxyectoine. spin probe experiments have also shown that better molecular immobilization in dry hydroxyectoine provides better redox stability of ... | 2014 | 24772110 |
| isolation, bioactivity, and production of ortho-hydroxydaidzein and ortho-hydroxygenistein. | daidzein and genistein are two major components of soy isoflavones. they exist abundantly in plants and possess multiple bioactivities. in contrast, ortho-hydroxydaidzein (ohd) and ortho-hydroxygenistein (ohg), including 6-hydroxydaidzein (6-ohd), 8-hydroxydaidzein (8-ohd), 3'-hydroxydaidzein (3'-ohd), 6-hydroxygenistein (6-ohg), 8-hydroxygenistein (8-ohg), and 3'-hydroxygenistein (3'-ohg), are rarely found in plants. instead, they are usually isolated from fermented soybean foods or microbial f ... | 2014 | 24705463 |
| comparison of local features from two spanish hospitals reveals common and specific traits at multiple levels of the molecular epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamase-producing pseudomonas spp. | twenty-seven well-characterized metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-producing pseudomonas strains from two distantly located hospitals were analyzed. the results revealed specific features defining the multilevel epidemiology of strains from each hospital in terms of species, clonality, predominance of high-risk clones, composition/diversity of integrons, and linkages of tn402-related structures. therefore, despite the global trends driving the epidemiology of mbl-producing pseudomonas spp., the presence ... | 2014 | 24492368 |
| cyclic-amp and bacterial cyclic-amp receptor proteins revisited: adaptation for different ecological niches. | escherichia coli cyclic-amp receptor protein (crp) represents one of the paradigms of bacterial gene regulation. yet despite decades of intensive study, new information continues to emerge that prompts reassessment of this classic regulatory system. moreover, in recent years crps from several other bacterial species have been characterized, allowing the general applicability of the crp paradigm to be tested. here the properties of the e. coli, mycobacterium tuberculosis and pseudomonas putida cr ... | 2014 | 24509484 |
| bloodstream infections caused by pseudomonas spp.: how to detect carbapenemase producers directly from blood cultures. | the carba np test has been evaluated to detect carbapenemase-producing pseudomonas spp. directly from blood cultures. this rapid and cost-effective test permits an early identification of carbapenemase-producing pseudomonas spp. directly from blood cultures with excellent sensitivity and specificity. results may be useful in particular for guiding the first-line therapy and epidemiological purposes. | 2014 | 24501031 |
| life history analysis of integrative and conjugative element activation in growing microcolonies of pseudomonas. | integrative and conjugative elements (ice) are in some ways parasitic mobile dna that propagate vertically through replication with the bacterial host chromosome but at low frequencies can excise and invade new recipient cells through conjugation and reintegration (horizontal propagation). the factors that contribute to successful horizontal propagation are not very well understood. here, we study the influence of host cell life history on the initiation of transfer of a model ice named iceclc i ... | 2014 | 24464463 |
| characterization of an allylic/benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from yokenella sp. strain wzy002, an organism potentially useful for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated alcohols from allylic aldehydes and ketones. | a novel whole-cell biocatalyst with high allylic alcohol-oxidizing activities was screened and identified as yokenella sp. wzy002, which chemoselectively reduced the c=o bond of allylic aldehydes/ketones to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated alcohols at 30°c and ph 8.0. the strain also had the capacity of stereoselectively reducing aromatic ketones to (s)-enantioselective alcohols. the enzyme responsible for the predominant allylic/benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity was purified to homogeneity ... | 2014 | 24509923 |
| enzyme architecture: on the importance of being in a protein cage. | substrate binding occludes water from the active sites of many enzymes. there is a correlation between the burden to enzymatic catalysis of deprotonation of carbon acids and the substrate immobilization at solvent-occluded active sites for ketosteroid isomerase (ksi--small burden, substrate pka=13), triosephosphate isomerase (tim, substrate pka≈18) and diaminopimelate epimerase (dap epimerase, large burden, substrate pka≈29) catalyzed reaction. ksi binds substrates at a surface cleft, tim binds ... | 2014 | 24699188 |
| complete genome sequence of the radiation-resistant bacterium rubrobacter radiotolerans rsps-4. | rubrobacter radiotolerans strain rsps-4 is a slightly thermophilic member of the phylum "actinobacteria" isolated from a hot spring in são pedro do sul, portugal. this aerobic and halotolerant bacterium is also extremely resistant to gamma and uv radiation, which are the main reasons for the interest in sequencing its genome. here, we present the complete genome sequence of strain rsps-4 as well as its assembly and annotation. we also compare the gene sequence of this organism with that of the t ... | 2014 | 25197483 |
| bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and its dipteran-specific toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is the first bacillus thuringiensis to be found and used as an effective biological control agent against larvae of many mosquito and black fly species around the world. its larvicidal activity resides in four major (of 134, 128, 72 and 27 kda) and at least two minor (of 78 and 29 kda) polypeptides encoded respectively by cry4aa, cry4ba, cry11aa, cyt1aa, cry10aa and cyt2ba, all mapped on the 128 kb plasmid known as pbtoxis. these six δ-endotoxins f ... | 2014 | 24686769 |
| force field independent metal parameters using a nonbonded dummy model. | the cationic dummy atom approach provides a powerful nonbonded description for a range of alkaline-earth and transition-metal centers, capturing both structural and electrostatic effects. in this work we refine existing literature parameters for octahedrally coordinated mn(2+), zn(2+), mg(2+), and ca(2+), as well as providing new parameters for ni(2+), co(2+), and fe(2+). in all the cases, we are able to reproduce both m(2+)-o distances and experimental solvation free energies, which has not bee ... | 2014 | 24670003 |
| cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and x-ray crystallographic analysis of (s)-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase from clostridium butyricum. | (s)-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase from clostridium butyricum (cbhbd) is an enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the biosynthesis of n-butanol from acetyl-coa by the reduction of acetoacetyl-coa to 3-hydroxybutyryl-coa. the cbhbd protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 2 m ammonium sulfate, 0.1 m caps ph 10.5, 0.2 m lithium sulfate at 295 k. x-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 2.3 å on a synchrotron beamline. ... | 2014 | 24699745 |
| outbreak of pseudomonas oryzihabitans pseudobacteremia related to contaminated equipment in an emergency room of a tertiary hospital in korea. | pseudomonas oryzihabitans is frequently found in various sites within hospital settings, including sink drains and respiratory therapy equipment. although it rarely causes human infections, p. oryzihabitans has recently been considered a potential nosocomial pathogen, especially in immunocompromised hosts. we report our experience of an outbreak of p. oryzihabitans pseudobacteremia, presumably due to faulty aseptic preparation of a saline gauze canister. | 2014 | 24693469 |
| diagnosis of carrion's disease by direct blood pcr in thin blood smear negative samples. | bartonella bacilliformis is the etiologic agent of carrion's disease. this disease has two well established phases, the most relevant being the so called oroya fever, in which b. bacilliformis infect the erythrocytes resulting in severe anemia and transient immunosuppression, with a high lethality in the absence of adequate antibiotic treatment. the presence of b. bacilliformis was studied in 113 blood samples suspected of carrion's disease based on clinical criteria, despite the absence of a po ... | 2014 | 24651298 |
| accumulation of high-value lipids in single-cell microorganisms: a mechanistic approach and future perspectives. | in recent years attention has been focused on the utilization of microorganisms as alternatives for industrial and nutritional applications. considerable research has been devoted to techniques for growth, extraction, and purification of high-value lipids for their use as biofuels and biosurfactants as well as high-value metabolites for nutrition and health. these successes argue that the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the microbial biosynthesis of such molecules, which are far from be ... | 2014 | 24628496 |
| responses to elevated c-di-gmp levels in mutualistic and pathogenic plant-interacting bacteria. | despite a recent burst of research, knowledge on c-di-gmp signaling pathways remains largely fragmentary and molecular mechanisms of regulation and even c-di-gmp targets are yet unknown for most bacteria. besides genomics or bioinformatics, accompanying alternative approaches are necessary to reveal c-di-gmp regulation in bacteria with complex lifestyles. we have approached this study by artificially altering the c-di-gmp economy of diverse pathogenic and mutualistic plant-interacting bacteria a ... | 2014 | 24626229 |
| effects of different compost amendments on the abundance and composition of alkb harboring bacterial communities in a soil under industrial use contaminated with hydrocarbons. | alkane degrading microorganisms play an important role for the bioremediation of petrogenic contaminated environments. in this study, we investigated the effects of compost addition on the abundance and diversity of bacteria harboring the alkane monooxygenase gene (alkb) in an oil-contaminated soil originated from an industrial zone in celje, slovenia (technosol). soil without any amendments (control soil) and soil amended with two composts differing in their maturation stage and nutrient availa ... | 2014 | 24659987 |
| structural basis for bacterial quorum sensing-mediated oxalogenesis. | the burkholderia species utilize acetyl-coa and oxaloacetate, substrates for citrate synthase in the tca cycle, to produce oxalic acid in response to bacterial cell to cell communication, called quorum sensing. quorum sensing-mediated oxalogenesis via a sequential reaction by obca and obcb counteracts the population-collapsing alkaline ph of the stationary growth phase. thus, the oxalic acid produced plays an essential role as an excreted public good for survival of the group. here, we report st ... | 2014 | 24616091 |
| expanding ester biosynthesis in escherichia coli. | to expand the capabilities of whole-cell biocatalysis, we have engineered escherichia coli to produce various esters. the alcohol o-acyltransferase (atf) class of enzyme uses acyl-coa units for ester formation. the release of free coa upon esterification with an alcohol provides the free energy to facilitate ester formation. the diversity of coa molecules found in nature in combination with various alcohol biosynthetic pathways allows for the biosynthesis of a multitude of esters. small to mediu ... | 2014 | 24609358 |
| functional characterization of diverse ring-hydroxylating oxygenases and induction of complex aromatic catabolic gene clusters in sphingobium sp. pnb. | sphingobium sp. pnb, like other sphingomonads, has multiple ring-hydroxylating oxygenase (rho) genes. three different fosmid clones have been sequenced to identify the putative genes responsible for the degradation of various aromatics in this bacterial strain. comparison of the map of the catabolic genes with that of different sphingomonads revealed a similar arrangement of gene clusters that harbors seven sets of rho terminal components and a sole set of electron transport (et) proteins. the p ... | 2014 | 24918041 |
| bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics and the fenton reaction. | in gammaproteobacteria ros are not exclusively responsible for the activity of bactericidal compounds. future research is required to determine whether the high-valence feo2+ formed in the presence of bactericidal compounds enhances killing in addition to the direct inhibition of cell-wall assembly, protein synthesis or interference with dna metabolism. | 2014 | 24602244 |
| experimental and computational mutagenesis to investigate the positioning of a general base within an enzyme active site. | the positioning of catalytic groups within proteins plays an important role in enzyme catalysis, and here we investigate the positioning of the general base in the enzyme ketosteroid isomerase (ksi). the oxygen atoms of asp38, the general base in ksi, were previously shown to be involved in anion-aromatic interactions with two neighboring phe residues. here we ask whether those interactions are sufficient, within the overall protein architecture, to position asp38 for catalysis or whether the si ... | 2014 | 24597914 |
| ethylene-forming enzyme and bioethylene production. | worldwide, ethylene is the most produced organic compound. it serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and a process has been developed for its conversion into liquid transportation fuels. currently, commercial ethylene production involves steam cracking of fossil fuels, and is the highest co2-emitting process in the chemical industry. therefore, there is great interest in developing technology for ethylene production from renewable resources including ... | 2014 | 24589138 |
| comparative study of hydroalcoholic extracts of momordica charantia l. against foodborne pathogens. | the antimicrobial effect of 24 different hydroalcoholic extracts (100, 75, 50 and 25% methanol and water) obtained from four parts (leaf+stem (aerial), peel, pulp and seed) of momordica charantia l. were investigated against five gram-positive, six gram-negative and four fungal strains. the extraction was done by individual cold percolation method using hexane, different hydroalcoholic solvent (100, 75, 50 and 25% methanol) and water. the antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion as ... | 2014 | 24843188 |
| coffee husk composting: an investigation of the process using molecular and non-molecular tools. | various parameters were measured during a 90-day composting process of coffee husk with cow dung (pile 1), with fruit/vegetable wastes (pile 2) and coffee husk alone (pile 3). samples were collected on days 0, 32 and 90 for chemical and microbiological analyses. c/n ratios of piles 1 and 2 decreased significantly over the 90 days. the highest bacterial counts at the start of the process and highest actinobacterial counts at the end of the process (piles 1 and 2) indicated microbial succession wi ... | 2014 | 24369846 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the carbapenem resistance-conferring conjugative plasmid pld209 from a pseudomonas putida clinical strain reveals a chimeric design formed by modules derived from both environmental and clinical bacteria. | the complete sequence of the carbapenem-resistance-conferring conjugative plasmid pld209 from a pseudomonas putida clinical strain is presented. pld209 is formed by 3 well-defined regions: an adaptability module encompassing a tn402-like class 1 integron of clinical origin containing blavim-2 and aaca4 gene cassettes, partitioning and transfer modules, and a replication module derived from plasmids of environmental bacteria. pld209 is thus a mosaic of modules originating in both the clinical and ... | 2014 | 24395220 |
| production of lycopene in the non-carotenoid-producing yeast yarrowia lipolytica. | the codon-optimized genes crtb and crti of pantoea ananatis were expressed in yarrowia lipolytica under the control of the tef1 promoter of y. lipolytica. additionally, the rate-limiting genes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in y. lipolytica, ggs1 and hmg1, were overexpressed to increase the production of lycopene. all of the genes were also expressed in a y. lipolytica strain with pox1 to pox6 and gut2 deleted, which led to an increase in the size of lipid bodies and a further increase in lycopene ... | 2014 | 24375130 |
| bioremediation of p-nitrophenol by pseudomonas putida 1274 strain. | p-nitrophenol (pnp) occurs as contaminants of industrial effluents and it is the most important environmental pollutant and causes significant health and environmental risks, because it is toxic to many living organisms. nevertheless, the information regarding pnp degradation pathways and their enzymes remain limited. | 2014 | 24581307 |
| functional characterization of a stys sensor kinase reveals distinct domains associated with intracellular and extracellular sensing of styrene in p. putida ca-3. | bacterial two-component systems (tcss) are of vital importance in the translation of rapidly changing environmental conditions into appropriate cellular regulatory responses enabling adaptation, growth, and survival. the diverse range of environmental signals that tcss can process, coupled with discrete modular domains within tcs proteins, offers considerable potential for the rational design of bio-sensor and/or bio-reporter strains. in this study we functionally characterize the multi-domain s ... | 2014 | 24637704 |
| new hydrocarbon degradation pathways in the microbial metagenome from brazilian petroleum reservoirs. | current knowledge of the microbial diversity and metabolic pathways involved in hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum reservoirs is still limited, mostly due to the difficulty in recovering the complex community from such an extreme environment. metagenomics is a valuable tool to investigate the genetic and functional diversity of previously uncultured microorganisms in natural environments. using a function-driven metagenomic approach, we investigated the metabolic abilities of microbial communi ... | 2014 | 24587220 |
| hydrogen peroxide-independent production of α-alkenes by oletje p450 fatty acid decarboxylase. | cytochrome p450 oletje from jeotgalicoccus sp. atcc 8456, a new member of the cyp152 peroxygenase family, was recently found to catalyze the unusual decarboxylation of long-chain fatty acids to form α-alkenes using h2o2 as the sole electron and oxygen donor. because aliphatic α-alkenes are important chemicals that can be used as biofuels to replace fossil fuels, or for making lubricants, polymers and detergents, studies on oletje fatty acid decarboxylase are significant and may lead to commercia ... | 2014 | 24565055 |
| production and characterization of protein encapsulated silver nanoparticles by marine isolate streptomyces parvulus ssnp11. | production of protein encapsulated silver nanoparticles (agnps) assisted by marine actinomycetes strain has been investigated. the selective isolate was identified as streptomyces parvulus ssnp11 based on chemotaxonomic and 16s rrna analysis. maximum agnps production was observed within 24 h incubation time. the produced agnps are spherical in shape with monodispersive and crystalline in nature. the particle size distribution ranges from 1.66 to 11.68 nm with a mean size of 2.1 nm. the biosynthe ... | 2014 | 24891741 |
| functional metagenomics for the investigation of antibiotic resistance. | antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health and well-being. to effectively combat this problem we need to understand the range of different resistance genes that allow bacteria to resist antibiotics. to do this the whole microbiota needs to be investigated. as most bacteria cannot be cultivated in the laboratory, the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes in the non-cultivatable majority remains relatively unexplored. currently the only way to study antibiotic resistance in these o ... | 2014 | 24556726 |
| alleviation of salt stress by enterobacter sp. ej01 in tomato and arabidopsis is accompanied by up-regulation of conserved salinity responsive factors in plants. | microbiota in the niches of the rhizosphere zones can affect plant growth and responses to environmental stress conditions via mutualistic interactions with host plants. specifically, some beneficial bacteria, collectively referred to as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgprs), increase plant biomass and innate immunity potential. here, we report that enterobacter sp. ej01, a bacterium isolated from sea china pink (dianthus japonicus thunb) in reclaimed land of gyehwa-do in korea, improved ... | 2014 | 24598995 |
| physical, chemical, and biological methods for the removal of arsenic compounds. | arsenic is a toxic metalloid which is widely distributed in nature. it is normally present as arsenate under oxic conditions while arsenite is predominant under reducing condition. the major discharges of arsenic in the environment are mainly due to natural sources such as aquifers and anthropogenic sources. it is known that arsenite salts are more toxic than arsenate as it binds with vicinal thiols in pyruvate dehydrogenase while arsenate inhibits the oxidative phosphorylation process. the comm ... | 2014 | 24696853 |
| assessment of ms/ms search algorithms with parent-protein profiling. | peptide mass spectrometry relies crucially on algorithms that match peptides to spectra. we describe a method to evaluate the accuracy of these algorithms based on the masses of parent proteins before trypsin endoprotease digestion. measurement of conformance to parent proteins provides a score for comparison of the performances of different algorithms as well as alternative parameter settings for a given algorithm. tracking of conformance scores for spectrum matches to proteins with progressive ... | 2014 | 24533481 |
| isolation and characterization of a nitrile-hydrolysing bacterium isoptericola variabilis rgt01. | a nitrile-hydrolysing bacterium, identified as isoptericola variabilis rgt01, was isolated from industrial effluent through enrichment culture technique using acrylonitrile as the carbon source. whole cells of this microorganism exhibited a broad range of nitrile-hydrolysing activity as they hydrolysed five aliphatic nitriles (acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and valeronitrile), two aromatic nitriles (benzonitrile and m-tolunitrile) and two arylacetonitriles (4-methoxyph ... | 2014 | 25320428 |
| a thermodynamic theory of microbial growth. | our ability to model the growth of microbes only relies on empirical laws, fundamentally restricting our understanding and predictive capacity in many environmental systems. in particular, the link between energy balances and growth dynamics is still not understood. here we demonstrate a microbial growth equation relying on an explicit theoretical ground sustained by boltzmann statistics, thus establishing a relationship between microbial growth rate and available energy. the validity of our equ ... | 2014 | 24522260 |
| activity of a carboxyl-terminal truncated form of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from planococcus sp. s5. | catechol 2,3-dioxygenases (c23os, e.c.1.13.12.2) are two domain enzymes that catalyze degradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. the catalytically active c-domain of all known c23os comprises ferrous ion ligands as well as residues forming active site pocket. the aim of this work was to examine and discuss the effect of nonsense mutation at position 289 on the activity of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from planococcus strain. although the mutant c23o showed the same optimal temperature for activity as ... | 2014 | 24693238 |
| the complete genome sequence of pseudomonas putida nbrc 14164t confirms high intraspecies variation. | pseudomonas putida has attracted much interest for its environmental, industrial, biotechnological, and clinical importance. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the type strain p. putida nbrc 14164. this genome sequence will assist to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the characteristic traits among strains belonging to the species p. putida. | 2014 | 24526630 |
| a long-chain flavodoxin protects pseudomonas aeruginosa from oxidative stress and host bacterial clearance. | long-chain flavodoxins, ubiquitous electron shuttles containing flavin mononucleotide (fmn) as prosthetic group, play an important protective role against reactive oxygen species (ros) in various microorganisms. pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which frequently has to face ros toxicity in the environment as well as within the host. we identified a single orf, hereafter referred to as fldp (for fl avo d oxin from p . aeruginosa), displaying the highest similarity in length, seq ... | 2014 | 24550745 |
| metagenomic approaches to understanding phylogenetic diversity in quorum sensing. | quorum sensing, a form of cell-cell communication among bacteria, allows bacteria to synchronize their behaviors at the population level in order to control behaviors such as luminescence, biofilm formation, signal turnover, pigment production, antibiotics production, swarming, and virulence. a better understanding of quorum-sensing systems will provide us with greater insight into the complex interaction mechanisms used widely in the bacteria and even the archaea domain in the environment. meta ... | 2014 | 24429899 |
| detoxification of toxic phorbol esters from malaysian jatropha curcas linn. kernel by trichoderma spp. and endophytic fungi. | the presence of phorbol esters (pes) with toxic properties limits the use of jatropha curcas kernel in the animal feed industry. therefore, suitable methods to detoxify pes have to be developed to render the material safe as a feed ingredient. in the present study, the biological treatment of the extracted pes-rich fraction with non-pathogenic fungi (trichoderma harzianum jq350879.1, t. harzianum jq517493.1, paecilomyces sinensis jq350881.1, cladosporium cladosporioides jq517491.1, fusarium chla ... | 2014 | 24504029 |
| comparative genomics of isolates of a pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic strain associated with chronic lung infections of cystic fibrosis patients. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of fatal chronic lung infections among individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis (cf). during the past 15 years, particularly aggressive strains transmitted among cf patients have been identified, initially in europe and more recently in canada. the aim of this study was to generate high-quality genome sequences for 7 isolates of the liverpool epidemic strain (les) from the united kingdom and canada representing different virulence characteristics in ord ... | 2014 | 24505294 |
| candida albicans utilizes a modified β-oxidation pathway for the degradation of toxic propionyl-coa. | propionyl-coa arises as a metabolic intermediate from the degradation of propionate, odd-chain fatty acids, and some amino acids. thus, pathways for catabolism of this intermediate have evolved in all kingdoms of life, preventing the accumulation of toxic propionyl-coa concentrations. previous studies have shown that fungi generally use the methyl citrate cycle for propionyl-coa degradation. here, we show that this is not the case for the pathogenic fungus candida albicans despite its ability to ... | 2014 | 24497638 |
| identification of flgz as a flagellar gene encoding a pilz domain protein that regulates swimming motility and biofilm formation in pseudomonas. | diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase enzymatic activities control c-di-gmp levels modulating planktonic versus sessile lifestyle behavior in bacteria. the pilz domain is described as a sensor of c-di-gmp intracellular levels and the proteins containing a pilz domain represent the best studied class of c-di-gmp receptors forming part of the c-di-gmp signaling cascade. in p. fluorescens f113 we have found two diguanylate cyclases (wspr, sadc) and one phosphodiesterase (bifa) implicated in reg ... | 2014 | 24504373 |
| symbiosis as a general principle in eukaryotic evolution. | eukaryotes have evolved and diversified in the context of persistent colonization by non-pathogenic microorganisms. various resident microorganisms provide a metabolic capability absent from the host, resulting in increased ecological amplitude and often evolutionary diversification of the host. some microorganisms confer primary metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis and cellulose degradation, and others expand the repertoire of secondary metabolism, including the synthesis of toxins that c ... | 2014 | 24492707 |
| discovery and characterization of a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase from methylovorus sp. strain mp688. | in the search for useful and renewable chemical building blocks, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) has emerged as a very promising candidate, as it can be prepared from sugars. hmf can be oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (fdca), which is used as a substitute for petroleum-based terephthalate in polymer production. on the basis of a recently identified bacterial degradation pathway for hmf, candidate genes responsible for selective hmf oxidation have been identified. heterologous expression of ... | 2014 | 24271187 |
| solubility behavior of cyanophycin depending on lysine content. | study of the synthesis of cyanophycin (cgp) in recombinant organisms focused for a long time mostly on the insoluble form of cgp, due to its easy purification and its putative use as a precursor for biodegradable chemicals. recently, another form of cgp, which, in contrast to the insoluble form, was soluble at neutral ph, became interesting due to its high lysine content, which was also assumed to be the reason for the solubility of the polymer. in this study, we demonstrate that lysine incorpor ... | 2014 | 24271185 |
| identification of 3-sulfinopropionyl coenzyme a (coa) desulfinases within the acyl-coa dehydrogenase superfamily. | in a previous study, the essential role of 3-sulfinopropionyl coenzyme a (3sp-coa) desulfinase acyl-coa dehydrogenase (acd) in advenella mimigardefordensis strain dpn7(t) (acddpn7) during degradation of 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (dtdp) was elucidated. dtdp is a sulfur-containing precursor substrate for biosynthesis of polythioesters (ptes). acddpn7 showed high amino acid sequence similarity to acyl-coa dehydrogenases but was unable to catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction. hence, it was investig ... | 2014 | 24317404 |
| identification of new residues involved in intramolecular signal transmission in a prokaryotic transcriptional repressor. | ttgv is a member of the iclr family of transcriptional regulators. this regulator controls its own expression and that of the ttgghi operon, which encodes an rnd efflux pump. ttgv has two domains: a gaf-like domain harboring the effector-binding pocket and a helix-turn-helix (hth) dna-binding domain, which are linked by a long extended helix. when ttgv is bound to dna, a kink at residue 86 in the extended helix gives rise to 2 helices. ttgv contacts dna mainly through a canonical recognition hel ... | 2014 | 24244009 |
| alcoholytic cleavage of polyhydroxyalkanoate chains by class iv synthases induced by endogenous and exogenous ethanol. | polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha)-producing bacillus strains express class iv pha synthase, which is composed of the subunits phar and phac. recombinant escherichia coli expressing pha synthase from bacillus cereus strain yb-4 (pharcyb-4) showed an unusual reduction of the molecular weight of pha produced during the stationary phase of growth. nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the low-molecular-weight pha revealed that its carboxy end structure was capped by ethanol, suggesting that the molecular ... | 2014 | 24334666 |
| the presence of conjugative plasmid pls20 affects global transcription of its bacillus subtilis host and confers beneficial stress resistance to cells. | conjugation activity of plasmid pls20 from bacillus subtilis subsp. natto is induced when cells are diluted into fresh medium and diminishes as cells enter into stationary-phase growth. transcriptional profiling shows that during mid-exponential growth, more than 5% of the host genes are affected in the presence of the plasmid, in contrast to the minor changes seen in freshly diluted and stationary-phase cells. changes occurred in many metabolic pathways, although pls20 does not confer any detec ... | 2014 | 24334659 |
| structural data on the periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase paoabc from escherichia coli: saxs and preliminary x-ray crystallography analysis. | the periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase paoabc from escherichia coli is a molybdenum enzyme involved in detoxification of aldehydes in the cell. it is an example of an αβγ heterotrimeric enzyme of the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes which does not dimerize via its molybdenum cofactor binding domain. in order to structurally characterize paoabc, x-ray crystallography and small angle x-ray scattering (saxs) have been carried out. the protein crystallizes in the presence of 20% (w/v) polyethylen ... | 2014 | 24492481 |
| transcriptional profiling of para and parb mutants in actively dividing cells of an opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. | accurate chromosome segregation to progeny cells is a fundamental process ensuring proper inheritance of genetic material. in bacteria with simple cell cycle, chromosome segregation follows replication initiation since duplicated oric domains start segregating to opposite halves of the cell soon after they are made. para and parb proteins together with specific dna sequences are parts of the segregation machinery. para and parb proteins in pseudomonas aeruginosa are important for optimal growth, ... | 2014 | 24498062 |
| origin of the proton-transfer step in the cofactor-free (1h)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase: effect of the basicity of an active site his residue. | dioxygenases catalyze a diverse range of chemical reactions that involve the incorporation of oxygen into a substrate and typically use a transition metal or organic cofactor for reaction. bacterial (1h)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (hod) belongs to a class of oxygenases able to catalyze this energetically unfavorable reaction without any cofactor. in the quinaldine metabolic pathway, hod breaks down its natural n-heteroaromatic substrate using a mechanism that is still incompletely ... | 2014 | 24482238 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas nitroreducens strain tx1, which degrades nonionic surfactants and estrogen-like alkylphenols. | pseudomonas nitroreducens tx1 atcc pta-6168 was isolated from rice field drainage in taiwan. the bacterium is of special interest because of its capability to use nonionic surfactants (alkylphenol polyethoxylates) and estrogen-like compounds (4-t-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol) as a sole carbon source. this is the first report on the genome sequence of p. nitroreducens. | 2014 | 24482523 |
| initiation of the flexirubin biosynthesis in chitinophaga pinensis. | bacteria from the bacteroidetes phylum are known producers of the chemotaxonomic relevant flexirubins. these orange pigments comprise a non-isoprenoid aryl-polyene carboxylic acid esterified with a dialkylresorcinol. herein, we report a gene cluster from chitinophaga pinensis encoding the biosynthesis of the polyene moiety and the biochemical characterization of a tyrosine ammonia-lyase and a 4-coumarate-coa ligase responsible for the initiation of the polyene biosynthesis. additionally, the fle ... | 2014 | 24467333 |
| improving kinetic or thermodynamic stability of an azoreductase by directed evolution. | protein stability arises from a combination of factors which are often difficult to rationalise. therefore its improvement is better addressed through directed evolution than by rational design approaches. in this study, five rounds of mutagenesis/recombination followed by high-throughput screening (≈10,000 clones) yielded the hit 1b6 showing a 300-fold higher half life at 50°c than that exhibited by the homodimeric wild type ppazor azoreductase from pseudomonas putida met94. the characterizatio ... | 2014 | 24475252 |
| expression and properties of the highly alkalophilic phenylalanine ammonia-lyase of thermophilic rubrobacter xylanophilus. | the sequence of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; ec: 4.3.1.24) of the thermophilic and radiotolerant bacterium rubrobacter xylanophilus (rxpal) was identified by screening the genomes of bacteria for members of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase family. a synthetic gene encoding the rxpal protein was cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli top 10 in a soluble form with an n-terminal his6-tag and the recombinant rxpal protein was purified by ni-nta affinity chromatography. the activity assay ... | 2014 | 24475062 |
| low nitrogen fertilization adapts rice root microbiome to low nutrient environment by changing biogeochemical functions. | reduced fertilizer usage is one of the objectives of field management in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. here, we report on shifts of bacterial communities in paddy rice ecosystems with low (ln), standard (sn), and high (hn) levels of n fertilizer application (0, 30, and 300 kg n ha(-1), respectively). the ln field had received no n fertilizer for 5 years prior to the experiment. the ln and hn plants showed a 50% decrease and a 60% increase in biomass compared with the sn plant biomass, ... | 2014 | 24463575 |
| the role of act-like subdomain in bacterial threonine dehydratases. | in bacteria, threonine dehydratases could convert l-threonine to 2-ketobutyrate. some threonine dehydratases contain only a catalytic domain, while others contain an n-terminal catalytic domain and a c-terminal regulatory domain composed of one or two act-like subdomains. however, the role of the act-like subdomain in threonine dehydratases is not clear. here, nine different bacterial threonine dehydratases were studied. three of the nine contain no act-like subdomain, four of them contain a sin ... | 2014 | 24475306 |
| correction of sequence-dependent ambiguous bases (ns) from the 454 pyrosequencing system. | pyrosequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna gene (16s) has become one of the most popular methods to assess microbial diversity. pyrosequencing reads containing ambiguous bases (ns) are generally discarded based on the assumptions of their non-sequence-dependent formation and high error rates. however, taxonomic composition differed by removal of reads with ns. we determined whether ns from pyrosequencing occur in a sequence-dependent manner. our reads and the corresponding flow value data revealed ... | 2014 | 24464999 |
| crp-cyclic amp dependent inhibition of the xylene-responsive σ(54)-promoter pu in escherichia coli. | the expression of σ(54)-dependent pseudomonas putida pu promoter is activated by xylr activator when cells are exposed to a variety of aromatic inducers. in this study, the transcriptional activation of the p. putida pu promoter was recreated in the heterologous host escherichia coli. here we show that the camp receptor protein (crp), a well-known carbon utilization regulator, had an inhibitory effect on the expression of pu promoter in a camp-dependent manner. the inhibitory effect was not acti ... | 2014 | 24466213 |
| a 13-lipoxygenase, tomloxc, is essential for synthesis of c5 flavour volatiles in tomato. | c5 volatile compounds, derived from fatty acids, are among the most important contributors to consumer liking of fresh tomatoes. despite their important roles in flavour, the genes responsible for c5 volatile synthesis have yet to be identified. this work shows that their synthesis is catalysed in part by a 13-lipoxygenase (lox), tomloxc, the same enzyme responsible for synthesis of c6 volatiles. c5 synthesis is independent of hydroperoxide lyase (hpl); moreover, hpl knockdown significantly incr ... | 2014 | 24453226 |
| gram-stain plus maldi-tof ms (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) for a rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infection. | microbiological confirmation of a urinary tract infection (uti) takes 24-48 h. in the meantime, patients are usually given empirical antibiotics, sometimes inappropriately. we assessed the feasibility of sequentially performing a gram stain and maldi-tof ms mass spectrometry (ms) on urine samples to anticipate clinically useful information. in may-june 2012, we randomly selected 1000 urine samples from patients with suspected uti. all were gram stained and those yielding bacteria of a single mor ... | 2014 | 24466289 |
| enzyme recruitment and its role in metabolic expansion. | although more than 10(9) years have passed since the existence of the last universal common ancestor, proteins have yet to reach the limits of divergence. as a result, metabolic complexity is ever expanding. identifying and understanding the mechanisms that drive and limit the divergence of protein sequence space impact not only evolutionary biologists investigating molecular evolution but also synthetic biologists seeking to design useful catalysts and engineer novel metabolic pathways. investi ... | 2014 | 24483367 |
| structure and biochemical properties of the alkene producing cytochrome p450 oletje (cyp152l1) from the jeotgalicoccus sp. 8456 bacterium. | the production of hydrocarbons in nature has been documented for only a limited set of organisms, with many of the molecular components underpinning these processes only recently identified. there is an obvious scope for application of these catalysts and engineered variants thereof in the future production of biofuels. here we present biochemical characterization and crystal structures of a cytochrome p450 fatty acid peroxygenase: the terminal alkene forming oletje (cyp152l1) from jeotgalicoccu ... | 2014 | 24443585 |
| tolerance of anaerobic bacteria to chlorinated solvents. | the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of four chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (cahs), perchloroethene (pce), carbon tetrachloride (ct), chloroform (cf) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-dca), on the growth of eight anaerobic bacteria: four fermentative species (escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., clostridium sp. and paenibacillus sp.) and four respiring species (pseudomonas aeruginosa, geobacter sulfurreducens, shewanella oneidensis and desulfovibrio vulgaris). effective concentrations ... | 2014 | 24441515 |
| antibiotic resistance determinants in a pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a hospital. | environmental microbes harbor an enormous pool of antibiotic and biocide resistance genes that can impact the resistance profiles of animal and human pathogens via horizontal gene transfer. pseudomonas putida strains are ubiquitous in soil and water but have been seldom isolated from humans. we have established a collection of p. putida strains isolated from in-patients in different hospitals in france. one of the isolated strains (hb3267) kills insects and is resistant to the majority of the an ... | 2014 | 24465371 |
| draft genome sequence of the model naphthalene-utilizing organism pseudomonas putida ous82. | pseudomonas putida ous82 was isolated from petrol- and oil-contaminated soil in 1992, and ever since, it has been used as a model organism to study the microbial assimilation of naphthalene and phenanthrene. here, we report the 6.7-mb draft genome sequence of p. putida ous82 and analyze its featured pathways for biodegradation. | 2014 | 24435866 |
| evolution of microbial markets. | biological market theory has been used successfully to explain cooperative behavior in many animal species. microbes also engage in cooperative behaviors, both with hosts and other microbes, that can be described in economic terms. however, a market approach is not traditionally used to analyze these interactions. here, we extend the biological market framework to ask whether this theory is of use to evolutionary biologists studying microbes. we consider six economic strategies used by microbes ... | 2014 | 24474743 |
| complete genome sequence of the novel giant pseudomonas phage pabg. | the novel giant pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage pabg was isolated from a water sample of the ultrafreshwater lake baikal. we report the complete genome sequence of this myoviridae bacteriophage, comprising 258,139 bp of double-stranded dna containing 308 predicted open reading frames. | 2014 | 24407628 |
| heme enzyme structure and function. | | 2014 | 24400737 |
| physiological and biochemical characterization of a novel nicotine-degrading bacterium pseudomonas geniculata n1. | management of solid wastes with high nicotine content, such as those accumulated during tobacco manufacturing, poses a major challenge, which can be addressed by using bacteria such as pseudomonas and arthrobacter. in this study, a new species of pseudomonas geniculata, namely strain n1, which is capable of efficiently degrading nicotine, was isolated and identified. the optimal growth conditions for strain n1 are a temperature of 30°c, and a ph 6.5, at a rotation rate of 120 rpm min(-1) with 1 ... | 2014 | 24416227 |
| metabolic engineering of pseudomonas sp. strain vlb120 as platform biocatalyst for the production of isobutyric acid and other secondary metabolites. | over the recent years the production of ehrlich pathway derived chemicals was shown in a variety of hosts such as escherichia coli, corynebacterium glutamicum, and yeast. exemplarily the production of isobutyric acid was demonstrated in escherichia coli with remarkable titers and yields. however, these examples suffer from byproduct formation due to the fermentative growth mode of the respective organism. we aim at establishing a new aerobic, chassis for the synthesis of isobutyric acid and othe ... | 2014 | 24397404 |
| moraxella catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase that impacts adherence to human epithelial cells. | the major phospholipid constituents of moraxella catarrhalis membranes are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin (cl). however, very little is known regarding the synthesis and function of these phospholipids in m. catarrhalis. in this study, we discovered that m. catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase (cls), termed mcls, that is responsible for the synthesis of cl within the bacterium. the nucleotide sequence of mcls is highly conserved among m. catarrhalis isola ... | 2014 | 24142255 |
| pham is the physiological activator of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) synthase (phac1) in ralstonia eutropha. | poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) synthase (phac1) is the key enzyme of phb synthesis in ralstonia eutropha and other phb-accumulating bacteria and catalyzes the polymerization of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coa to phb. activity assays of r. eutropha phb synthase are characterized by the presence of lag phases and by low specific activity. it is assumed that the lag phase is caused by the time necessary to convert the inactive phac1 monomer into the active dimeric form by an unknown priming process. the lag ph ... | 2014 | 24212577 |
| microbiomes of unreactive and pathologically altered ileocecal lymph nodes of slaughter pigs. | microbe-laden dendritic cells are shifted to ileocecal lymph nodes (iclns), where microbes are concentrated and an adequate immune response is triggered. hence, iclns are at a crucial position in immune anatomy and control processes of the local immune system. pathological alterations in iclns, such as reactive hyperplasia, lymphadenitis purulenta, or granulomatosa, can harbor a multitude of pathogens and commensals, posing a potential zoonotic risk in animal production. the aim of this study wa ... | 2014 | 24141125 |
| depth-related changes in community structure of culturable mineral weathering bacteria and in weathering patterns caused by them along two contrasting soil profiles. | bacteria play important roles in mineral weathering and soil formation. however, few reports of mineral weathering bacteria inhabiting subsurfaces of soil profiles have been published, raising the question of whether the subsurface weathering bacteria are fundamentally distinct from those in surface communities. to address this question, we isolated and characterized mineral weathering bacteria from two contrasting soil profiles with respect to their role in the weathering pattern evolution, the ... | 2014 | 24077700 |
| recent advances in the elucidation of enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis. | with the successful production of artemisinic acid in yeast, the promising potential of synthetic biology for natural product biosynthesis is now being realized. the recent total biosynthesis of opioids in microbes is considered to be another landmark in this field. the importance and significance of enzymes in natural product biosynthetic pathways have been re-emphasized by these advancements. therefore, the characterization and elucidation of enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis ... | 2015 | 26989472 |
| recent advances in the elucidation of enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis. | with the successful production of artemisinic acid in yeast, the promising potential of synthetic biology for natural product biosynthesis is now being realized. the recent total biosynthesis of opioids in microbes is considered to be another landmark in this field. the importance and significance of enzymes in natural product biosynthetic pathways have been re-emphasized by these advancements. therefore, the characterization and elucidation of enzymatic function in natural product biosynthesis ... | 2015 | 26989472 |
| study of the aminoglycoside subsistence phenotype of bacteria residing in the gut of humans and zoo animals. | recent studies indicate that next to antibiotic resistance, bacteria are able to subsist on antibiotics as a carbon source. here we evaluated the potential of gut bacteria from healthy human volunteers and zoo animals to subsist on antibiotics. nine gut isolates of escherichia coli and cellulosimicrobium sp. displayed increases in colony forming units (cfu) during incubations in minimal medium with only antibiotics added, i.e., the antibiotic subsistence phenotype. furthermore, laboratory strain ... | 2015 | 26793182 |
| study of the aminoglycoside subsistence phenotype of bacteria residing in the gut of humans and zoo animals. | recent studies indicate that next to antibiotic resistance, bacteria are able to subsist on antibiotics as a carbon source. here we evaluated the potential of gut bacteria from healthy human volunteers and zoo animals to subsist on antibiotics. nine gut isolates of escherichia coli and cellulosimicrobium sp. displayed increases in colony forming units (cfu) during incubations in minimal medium with only antibiotics added, i.e., the antibiotic subsistence phenotype. furthermore, laboratory strain ... | 2015 | 26793182 |
| escherichia coli overexpressing a baeyer-villiger monooxygenase from acinetobacter radioresistens becomes resistant to imipenem. | antimicrobial resistance is a global issue currently resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people a year worldwide. data present in the literature illustrate the emergence of many bacterial species that display resistance to known antibiotics; acinetobacter spp. are a good example of this. we report here that acinetobacter radioresistens has a baeyer-villiger monooxygenase (ar-bvmo) with 100% amino acid sequence identity to the ethionamide monooxygenase of multidrug-resistant (mdr) ... | 2015 | 26459905 |
| escherichia coli overexpressing a baeyer-villiger monooxygenase from acinetobacter radioresistens becomes resistant to imipenem. | antimicrobial resistance is a global issue currently resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people a year worldwide. data present in the literature illustrate the emergence of many bacterial species that display resistance to known antibiotics; acinetobacter spp. are a good example of this. we report here that acinetobacter radioresistens has a baeyer-villiger monooxygenase (ar-bvmo) with 100% amino acid sequence identity to the ethionamide monooxygenase of multidrug-resistant (mdr) ... | 2015 | 26459905 |
| assay of blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis for staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin d: absence of bacteria but presence of its toxin. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease. the staphylococcal superantigens are considered as the causative agent of ra disease. | 2015 | 26870313 |
| metabolic engineering and comparative performance studies of synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 strains for effective utilization of xylose. | wood sugars such as xylose can be used as an inexpensive carbon source for biotechnological applications. the model cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 lacks the ability to catabolize wood sugars as an energy source. here, we generated four synechocystis strains that heterologously expressed xylab enzymes, which mediate xylose catabolism, either in combination with or without one of three xylose transporters, namely xyle, galp, or glf. except for glf, which is derived from the bacterium zy ... | 2015 | 26732758 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of microbes causing bloodstream infections in unguja, zanzibar. | bloodstream infections (bsi) are frequent and cause high case-fatality rates. urgent antibiotic treatment can save patients' lives, but antibiotic resistance can render antibiotic therapy futile. this study is the first to collect epidemiological data on bsi from unguja, zanzibar. | 2015 | 26700032 |
| role of burkholderia pseudomallei sigma n2 in amino acids utilization and in regulation of catalase e expression at the transcriptional level. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. the complete genome sequences of this pathogen have been revealed, which explain some pathogenic mechanisms. in various hostile conditions, for example, during nitrogen and amino acid starvation, bacteria can utilize alternative sigma factors such as rpos and rpon to modulate genes expression for their adaptation and survival. in this study, we demonstrate that mutagenesis of rpon2, which lies on chromosome 2 of b. pseudomallei and ... | 2015 | 26904748 |
| anodes stimulate anaerobic toluene degradation via sulfur cycling in marine sediments. | hydrocarbons released during oil spills are persistent in marine sediments due to the absence of suitable electron acceptors below the oxic zone. here, we investigated an alternative bioremediation strategy to remove toluene, a model monoaromatic hydrocarbon, using a bioanode. bioelectrochemical reactors were inoculated with sediment collected from a hydrocarbon-contaminated marine site, and anodes were polarized at 0 mv and +300 mv (versus an ag/agcl [3 m kcl] reference electrode). the degradat ... | 2015 | 26497463 |