| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is treated with a macrolide and ethambutol. however, the kill rates are extremely slow so that therapy takes many months to years to achieve and even then more than 40% of patients are not completely cured. recent studies have demonstrated that assays that detect extracellular mac have a limited predictive value. antibiotics kill at a much slower and more disappointing rate against bacilli within macrophages. use of pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic m ... | 2011 | 21526944 |
| lichen scrofulosorum caused by pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. | | 2011 | 21616750 |
| bronchoscopic microsampling for bacterial colony counting in relevant lesions in patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the incidence of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections with nodular/bronchiectasis lesions is increasing. however, factors determining deterioration are unknown. in the present study, we investigated quantitative mac cultures obtained through bronchoscopic microsampling (bms) from patients with pulmonary mac infection and analyzed the relationship between mac culture and the short-term natural history. we also assessed chest computed tomography (ct) findings for the deterioratin ... | 2011 | 21673463 |
| [disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium in a patient with newly diagnosed hiv infection]. | in the czech republic, mycobacteriosis is relatively rare. the low incidence probably reflects high bcg coverage rates in the czech population. globally, the importance of bcg vaccine has been increasing, as a result of acquired immunodeficiencies, particularly hiv infection. the presented case report describes the course of disseminated mycobacteriosis in a vietnamese asylum seeker with newly diagnosed advanced hiv infection. in hiv patients, disseminated mycobacteriosis, most frequently caused ... | 2011 | 21780028 |
| distinguishing tuberculosis from mycobacterium avium complex disease using an interferon-gamma release assay. | the quantiferon®-tb gold (qft-g) test can be used to distinguish between tuberculosis (tb) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, but a high background tb infection rate may pose a problem. although the quantiferon®-tb (qft) test, the first-generation qft-g test, employs a non-specific ppd antigen, avium sensitin is also used as a stimulating antigen. | 2011 | 21756514 |
| [surgical treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in japan and is difficult to treat. multidrug regimen employing clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol is not a panacea. pulmonary resection may be beneficial to patients whose disease is predominantly localized to one lung and who can tolerate resectional surgery under the following circumstances: poor response to drug therapy, the development of macrolide-resistant mac disease, or th ... | 2011 | 21838047 |
| [present status of studies on epidemiology and molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium kansasii, in special reference to its epidemiology]. | mycobacterium kansasii, a slow-growing photochromogen, causes serious pulmonary diseases in humans. since the 1980s the isolation rate of m. kansasii has been surpassed by that of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). pulmonary disease caused by m. kansasii is known to be more common in urban areas than in rural areas, and its changing epidemiologic features and geographical distribution have been known for several decades. the disease had been found almost only in and around tokyo areas until the ... | 2011 | 21735859 |
| [diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases caused by mycobacterium avium complex]. | recently, the clinical importance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria(especially, mycobacterium avium complex [mac] respiratory infection) has been increasing. in addition, an official ats/idsa statement about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases has been published in february, 2007. in this review article, clinical features and radiological findings of pulmonary mac diseases mainly i) primarily fibrocavitary disease, and ii) nodular/bronchiectatic disease ar ... | 2011 | 21838046 |
| diversity of mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis mycobacteria causing lymphadenitis, france. | the knowledge of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) genotypes responsible for lymphadenitis is limited. we retrospectively characterized all of the mac isolates made in our laboratory in the last 18 years by sequence-based identification and genotyping, and compared the clinical and laboratory data for lymphadenitis-associated and non-lymphadenitis-associated mac isolates. of 67 mac-infected patients, 25 lymphadenitis patients were significantly younger than 42 non-lymphadenitis patients, while t ... | 2011 | 22042560 |
| clinical characteristics and prognosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease with different radiographic patterns. | the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of radiographic patterns of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (ntm-ld) are rarely evaluated. | 2011 | 21956280 |
| [A case of lung cancer complicated with active non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection successfully treated with anti-cancer agents and anti-NTM agents]. | A 55-year-old man with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease was referred to our hospital with dyspnea on exertion and general fatigue. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a nodular shadow with pleural indentation in the left S(1+2), left pleural effusion, and a thick-walled cavitary lesion due to pulmonary MAC disease in the right S1. A biopsy specimen of the nodule in the left S(1+2) revealed adenocarcinoma, which various examinations confirmed to be stage IV lung adenocarcin ... | 2011 | 22171491 |
| Relationship between clinical efficacy for pulmonary MAC and drug-sensitivity test for isolated MAC in a recent 6-year period. | There are a few recent reports about the relationship between the clinical effect and drug-sensitivity test. We investigated the relationship between the clinical efficacy of treatment for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and drug-sensitivity test for isolated MAC by comparison between data from 2005 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2010. We studied 60 patients who satisfied diagnostic criteria of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection established by the American Thoracic Society in 2007 and ... | 2011 | 22205543 |
| identification of mycobacterium spp. of veterinary importance using rpob gene sequencing. | abstract: | 2011 | 22118247 |
| il-32 expression in the airway epithelial cells of patients with mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | lung disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms is increasing. a greater understanding of the host immune response to mac organisms will provide a foundation to develop novel therapies for these recalcitrant infections. il-32 is a newly described pro-inflammatory cytokine that enhances host immunity against various microbial pathogens. cytokines that induce il-32 such as interferon-gamma, il-18, il-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are of considerable importance to mycobacterial ... | 2011 | 22033195 |
| Distribution of mycobacterial antigen based on differences of histological characteristics in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium infectious diseases-Consideration of the extent of surgical resection from the pathological standpoint. | Quantitative assessment of mycobacterial antigens is very important to determine the surgical indication, as well as the area of resection for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infectious disease. However, at present, pathological assessment is only possible as a postoperative examination. We performed quantitative evaluation of mycobacterial antigens using lung tissues with MAC pulmonary infection obtained from surgical resection. The distribution of mycobacterial antigens was evaluat ... | 2011 | 22177729 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in cancer patients in a medical center in taiwan, 2005-2008. | data on the nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) species that cause infection and the characteristics of disease caused by these pathogens in cancer patients are limited, so we perform this study to investigate the species distribution of ntm isolates from various clinical specimens and to elucidate the epidemiologic trends in ntm isolates and diseases among cancer patients. from 2005 through 2008, cancer patients with ntm infections as defined by the american thoracic society/infectious diseases ... | 2011 | 22137681 |
| [Nontuberculous mycobacteria]. | Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogen in Japan. There are 2 major types of clinical manifestations of MAC disease, including fibrocavitary disease and nodular bronchiectatic disease. Primary treatment of MAC disease is medical treatment. Standard multidrug regimens employ clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Aminoglycoside (streptomycin or kanamycin) is added if necessary. Patients whose disease is predominantly localized to 1 lung and ... | 2011 | 21916188 |
| the clinical efficacy and safety of a fluoroquinolone-containing regimen for pulmonary mac disease. | despite recent advances in chemotherapy, the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease remains unsatisfactory. judging from its mic, fluoroquinolones including gatifloxacin (gflx) are expected to demonstrate efficacy against mac disease. however, there have been few clinical studies using fluoroquinolones. therefore, a prospective study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a fluoroquinolone-containing regimen for the treatment of pulmonary mac disease was conduc ... | 2011 | 21927844 |
| Pigs as an experimental model for systemic Mycobacterium avium infectious disease. | Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and pigs, and causes dissemination through primary intestinal lesions. However, its pathogenesis is not well understood. In this article, we hypothesize that pigs can provide a suitable experimental model of disseminated MAC disease. We compared the initial route of infection, the characteristics of the pathogenic strains, the immunological status of the hosts, and the histological characteristics. The route of infec ... | 2011 | 21992722 |
| Nutritional assessment in patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. | To determine the nutritional factors that influence disease spread in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. | 2011 | 22041354 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of the central nervous system in an hiv-infected patient: case report and review. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection involves the central nervous system (cns) less frequently than tuberculosis, and mac-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) of the cns in aids patients is even more rarely described. we report a case of mac-related iris of the cns in an hiv-infected patient who presented with meningoencephalitis and myelitis 2 months after discontinuation of antimac therapy, when he had achieved prolonged suppression of hiv replication ... | 2012 | 22227308 |
| [nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis complicated by pleuritis]. | pleuritis is a rare complication associated with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis of the lung and its etiology remains to be clarified. we investigated pleuritis associated with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis of the lung in 304 patients who visited our hospital. of these, 9 patients (3%) had pleural effusion not attributable to any factor other than pleuritis; these cases were diagnosed as pleuritis. massive pleural effusion requiring drainage was rare (1 patient, 0.3%) and pleuritis accompanied b ... | 2011 | 22352047 |
| concurrent lung cancer in non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis: case report. | an 82-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after multiple round opacities were detected in chest x-rays performed during a routine health screening. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was found in sputum cultures, and compatible pathological findings on biopsy confirmed pulmonary mac infection, whereas biopsies from another opacity revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung.curative surgery for the lung cancer confirmed a concurrence of lung cancer and pulmonary mac infection. since the prevalenc ... | 2011 | 22531123 |
| atypical mycobacterial spondylitis as a challenging differential diagnosis to metastatic disease of the spine: a case report. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is rarely seen in patients without acquired immune deficiency syndrome. a disseminated mac infection presenting with symptoms that mimic tumor metastasis had not previously been reported. few disseminated mac infections have been reported, and all image patterns in these cases indicated destructive lesions. we present a case involving a tumor-like disseminated mac infection with spondylitis in a 68-year-old man whose symptoms started with ... | 2012 | 23412200 |
| the significance of mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus isolation during mycobacterium avium complex lung disease therapy. | isolation of mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus (maa) is common during mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease therapy, but there is limited information about the clinical significance of the maa isolates. | 2014 | 25357074 |
| epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria among patients with cystic fibrosis in scandinavia. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are an emerging threat to cystic fibrosis (cf) patients but their epidemiology is not well described. | 2015 | 25178871 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are found in approximately 10 % of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, but only a portion will develop ntm disease. the management of cf lung disease should be optimized, including antibiotic therapy targeted to the individual's usual airway bacteria, prior to considering treatment for ntm lung disease. those who meet criteria for ntm lung disease may not necessarily require treatment and could be monitored expectantly if symptoms and radiographic findings are minima ... | 2016 | 28035194 |
| opportunistic pathogens mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and legionella spp. colonise model shower. | legionella spp. and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are opportunistic pathogens of public health concern. hot water systems, including showers, have been identified as a potential source of infection. this paper describes the colonization of legionella and mac on the flexible tubing within a model potable shower system, utilizing thermostatic mixing and a flexible shower head. a mac qpcr method of enumeration was also developed. mac and legionella spp. were detected within the biofilm at maxim ... | 2015 | 26213977 |
| prevalence and risk factors for chronic co-infection in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease are often co-infected with various pathogenic microorganisms. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection with non-mac pathogens and the risk factors associated with co-infection in patients with pulmonary mac disease. | 2014 | 25478192 |
| overexpression of rorγt enhances pulmonary inflammation after infection with mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in humans. the role of th17 immunity in the pathogenesis of intracellular bacteria, such as mac, is not currently understood. transcription factor rar-related orphan receptor gamma t (rorγt) is known as the master regulator for th17 cell development. here, we investigated the role of rorγt in host responses against mac infection. wild-type (wt) mice and rorγt-overexpressing mice were infected with ... | 2016 | 26784959 |
| wild boar tuberculosis in iberian atlantic spain: a different picture from mediterranean habitats. | infections with mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) are shared between livestock, wildlife and sporadically human beings. wildlife reservoirs exist worldwide and can interfere with bovine tuberculosis (tb) eradication efforts. the eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) is a mtc maintenance host in mediterranean iberia (spain and portugal). however, few systematic studies in wild boar have been carried out in atlantic regions. we describe the p ... | 2013 | 24010539 |
| occurrence of bacterial and viral pathogens in common and noninvasive diagnostic sampling from parrots and racing pigeons in slovenia. | airborne pathogens can cause infections within parrot (psittaciformes) and pigeon (columbiformes) holdings and, in the case of zoonoses, can even spread to humans. air sampling is a useful, noninvasive method which can enhance the common sampling methods for detection of microorganisms in bird flocks. in this study, fecal and air samples were taken from four parrot holdings. additionally, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs as well as air samples were taken from 15 racing pigeon holdings. parrots we ... | 2016 | 27309292 |
| opportunistic infections and aids malignancies early after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries. | there is little information on the incidence of aids-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cart) initiation. these events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), herpes simplex virus (hsv), kaposi sarcoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl), cryptococcosis and candidiasis. | 2014 | 25265230 |
| rifamycins, alone and in combination. | rifamycins inhibit rna polymerase of most bacterial genera. rifampicin remains part of combination therapy for treating tuberculosis (tb), and for treating gram-positive prosthetic joint and valve infections, in which biofilms are prominent. rifabutin has use for aids patients in treating mycobacterial infections tb and mycobacterium avium complex (mac), having fewer drug-drug interactions that interfere with aids medications. rifabutin is occasionally used in combination to eradicate helicobact ... | 2016 | 27270559 |
| etiological study of lymphadenopathy in hiv-infected patients in a tertiary care hospital. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become a global pandemic. persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (pgl) is very common manifestation of hiv infection. moreover, different opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (tb) and malignancies may present with lymphadenopathy. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is most common with cluster of differentiation (cd)4+ count ≤50 cells/μl. fine-needle aspiration cytology (fnac) offers a simple and effective modality for obtaining a ... | 2017 | 27279680 |
| [disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome]. | a 71-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (mds) was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent high-grade fever. he was examined for bacterial and fungal infections and treated with antibiotics and antifungal agents. however, he did not achieve a definitive diagnosis and had no apparent improvement for more than a month. bone marrow aspiration revealed transformation of mds to acute myeloid leukemia and hemophagocytosis. in addition, mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from both a ... | 2015 | 26477113 |
| immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to mycobacterium avium complex successfully followed up using 18 f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report. | in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection is one of the most difficult types of iris to manage. 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18f-fdg pet/ct) has been suggested as a useful tool for evaluating the inflammatory status of hiv-infected patients. we present the first case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-associated iris (mac-iris) that wa ... | 2015 | 26187282 |
| mycobacterium avium complex osteomyelitis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus: case series and literature review. | in persons with advanced immunosuppression, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) typically causes disseminated disease with systemic symptoms. we report 2 cases in which mac caused localized osteomyelitis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy with rising cd4 counts. we summarize 17 additional cases of hiv-associated mac osteomyelitis from the literature and compare cd4 count at presentation for vertebral cases versus nonvertebral cases, which reveals a ... | 2015 | 26180837 |
| clinical findings in relation to mortality in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: patients with mycobacterium avium complex have better survival than patients with other mycobacteria. | we compared the clinical findings and survival in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). a total of 167 adult non-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients with at least one positive culture for ntm were included. medical records were reviewed. the patients were categorised according to the 2007 american thoracic society (ats) criteria. mac comprised 59 % of all ntm findings. mac patients were more often female (70 % vs. 34 %, p < 0.001) a ... | 2015 | 26155783 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristic of mycobacterial infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in siriraj hospital. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infections are major health problems in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. most previous studies focused mainly on tuberculosis (tb) rather than ntm infections. | 2015 | 25920293 |
| characterization of a novel plasmid, pmah135, from mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causes mainly two types of disease. the first is disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts, such as individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the second is pulmonary disease in individuals without systemic immunosuppression, and the incidence of this type is increasing worldwide. m. avium subsp. hominissuis, a component of mac, causes infection in pigs as well as in humans. many aspects of the different modes of m. avium infection and its ... | 2015 | 25671431 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections. | pulmonary infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are increasingly recognized worldwide. although over 150 different species of ntm have been described, pulmonary infections are most commonly due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac), mycobacterium kansasii, and mycobacterium abscessus. the identification of these organisms in pulmonary specimens does not always equate with active infection; supportive radiographic and clinical findings are needed to establish the diagnosis. it is dif ... | 2014 | 24624285 |
| latent mycobacterium avium infection causing a mycotic suprarenal aortic aneurysm in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection occurs in up to 50% of advanced-stage human immunodeficiency 1 (hiv-1) infections when the cd4 counts is <50/mm³. we report the case of a 52-year-old hiv-positive patient who presented with a symptomatic, rapidly growing suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. he had been diagnosed and treated for disseminated mac infection 3 years earlier. he was treated with antiretroviral medications and had a cd4 count >250 cells/mm³ and an undetectable viral load. o ... | 2014 | 24556183 |
| comparative genome analysis of mycobacterium avium revealed genetic diversity in strains that cause pulmonary and disseminated disease. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection causes disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts, such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients, and pulmonary disease in persons without systemic immunosuppression, which has been increasing in many countries. in japan, the incidence of pulmonary mac disease caused by m. avium is about 7 times higher than that caused by m. intracellulare. to explore the bacterial factors that affect the pathological state of mac disease caused by ... | 2013 | 23990995 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient carrying autoantibody to interferon-γ. | a 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on suspicion of lung cancer with bone metastasis. he suffered multiple joint and muscle pain. 18f-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (fdg-pet) showed multiple accumulations in the lung, bones including the vertebrae, and mediastinal lymph nodes. anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody was negative. because mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was isolated from bronchial lavage fluid, bronchial wall, peripheral blood, and muscle a ... | 2013 | 23456204 |
| modulation of innate host factors by mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages includes interleukin 17. | although opportunistic infections due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) have been less common since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, globally, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1)-positive patients remain predisposed to these infections. absence of a properly functioning acquired immune response allows mac persistence within macrophages localized in lymph nodes coinfected with hiv and mac. although a deficiency in interferon γ appears to play a part in the ability o ... | 2012 | 22930805 |
| enhanced levels of ccl19 in patients with advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | based on the ability to recruit lymphocytes and dendritic cells to lymphoid tissue and to promote inflammation, we hypothesized a role for dysregulated ccl19 and ccl21 levels in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency, and in particular in those with accompanying mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. the hypothesis was explored by studies in hiv-infected patients with and without mac infection, as well as in vitro, examining the ability of prote ... | 2012 | 22288592 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in day care hot water systems, and persistence of live cells and dna in hot water pipes. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a group of opportunistic human pathogens that may thrive in engineered water systems. mac has been shown to occur in drinking water supplies based on surface water, but less is known about the occurrence and persistence of live cells and dna in public hot water systems based on groundwater. in this study, we examined the occurrence of mac in hot water systems of public day care centers and determined the persistence of live and dead m. avium cells and nak ... | 2014 | 24272032 |
| a laboratory-based analysis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in japan from 2012 to 2013. | since 2010, mycobacterial examination results have been used widely to survey nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) lung disease. | 2017 | 27788025 |
| randomized trial of liposomal amikacin for inhalation in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | lengthy, multidrug, toxic, and low-efficacy regimens limit management of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. | 2017 | 27748623 |
| 18 cases of pulmonary mycobacterium abscessus: clinical difference depending on the presence or absence of mycobacterium avium complex. | it can be difficult to treat respiratory tract infections caused by mycobacterium abscessus (m. abscessus) as there is no established treatment strategy. complications involving other nontuberculous mycobacterial infections such as mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are also commonly observed. | 2016 | 27430867 |
| analysis of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections after lung transplantation. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are important pathogens in lung transplant recipients. this study describes the spectrum of ntm respiratory tract infections and examines the association of ntm infections with lung transplant complications. | 2016 | 27368989 |
| diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous organisms; their isolation from clinical specimens does not always indicate clinical disease. the incidence of ntm lung diseases has been increasing worldwide. although the geographic diversity of ntm species is well known, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), m. abscessus complex (mabc), and m. kansasii are the most commonly encountered and important etiologic organisms. two distinct types of ntm lung diseases have been reported, namely fibrocavita ... | 2016 | 27134484 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | increasing numbers of cystic fibrosis (cf) and non-cf bronchiectasis patients are affected by pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection worldwide. two species of ntm account for up to 95% of the pulmonary ntm infections: mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium abscessus complex (mabsc). diagnosis of pulmonary ntm infection is based on criteria specified in the 2007 american thoracic society/infectious disease society of america (ats/idsa) guidelines. while many initial po ... | 2015 | 25826589 |
| preliminary results of bedaquiline as salvage therapy for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | bedaquiline is an oral antimycobacterial agent belonging to a new class of drugs called diarylquinolines. it has low equivalent minimal inhibitory concentrations for mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease, especially mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium abscessus (mab). bedaquiline appears to be effective for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tb but has not been tested clinically for ntm disease. | 2015 | 25675393 |
| increasing patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease and associated underlying diseases in japan. | this study was conducted to evaluate trends in the isolation of strains of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) and trends in the number of patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. we retrospectively reviewed microbiological results and clinical data to identify patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary mac disease at kyoto university hospital in japan between 2000 and 2013. ntm were isolated from 6327 of 80,285 samples (7.9%) for mycobacterial culture. the proportion of ... | 2015 | 25640532 |
| [mycobacterial lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis--report of three cases]. | mycobacterial lung disease is caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), also known as atypical mycobacteria. ntm are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil and water. although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, ntm can affect patients with underlying chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pneumoconiosis, or healed tuberculosis. some patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) have disease progression due to ntm, others can have ntm cultured intermit ... | 2014 | 25339567 |
| frequency and clinical significance of respiratory isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in riyadh, saudi arabia. | the prevalence of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) disease is increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical significance of ntm isolated from respiratory specimens at king abdul-aziz medical city-riyadh, saudi arabia. | 2016 | 25130951 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease: the top ten essentials. | this review will utilize essential questions about nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease to succinctly address important new developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of ntm lung disease with a focus on practical information and "bottom line" answers. 1) what do i tell my patients who ask, “where did i get this infection” and, “should i take showers”? 2) what is the connection between bronchiectasis and the acquisition of ntm lung infection? 3) what other factors are i ... | 2014 | 24484653 |
| in vitro activity of amikacin against isolates of mycobacterium avium complex with proposed mic breakpoints and finding of a 16s rrna gene mutation in treated isolates. | amikacin is a major drug used for the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, but standard laboratory guidelines for susceptibility testing are not available. this study presents in vitro amikacin mics for 462 consecutive clinical isolates of the mac using a broth microdilution assay. approximately 50% of isolates had amikacin mics of 8 μg/ml, and 86% had mics of ≤16 μg/ml. of the eight isolates (1.7%) with mics of 64 μg/ml, five had an mic of 32 μg/ml on repeat testing. ten isol ... | 2013 | 23946523 |
| serodiagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium abscessus complex pulmonary disease by use of iga antibodies to glycopeptidolipid core antigen. | an enzyme immunoassay kit that detects serum iga antibody reacting to glycopeptidolipid core antigen derived from mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was not useful for differentiating mac pulmonary disease (pd) from mycobacterium abscessus complex pd (mab-pd). however, this assay could be useful for differentiating mac- and mab-pd from pulmonary tuberculosis. (this study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov under registration no. nct00970801.). | 2013 | 23740728 |
| therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | little is known regarding the application of therapeutic drug monitoring for treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. | 2012 | 22878282 |
| mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium abscessus complex target distinct cystic fibrosis patient subpopulations. | clinical observations suggest that mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium abscessus complex (mabsc) may affect cystic fibrosis (cf) patients with different characteristics and risk factors, but this has never been demonstrated within a single prospective cohort. | 2013 | 22857820 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection: 75 cases. | non-tuberculosis mycobacterium is especially seen in aids and non-immunosuppressant patients. this study was designed to evaluate data relating to non-tuberculosis mycobacterium content in patients' sputum for the clinical importance. | 2012 | 22554363 |
| further isolation of mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and subsp. bolletii in different regions of japan and susceptibility of these isolates to antimicrobial agents. | the aim of this study was to genetically analyse mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (hereafter m. abscessus) and m. abscessus subsp. bolletii (hereafter m. bolletii) isolates from six different regions of japan and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. subspeciation of 143 clinical isolates of m. abscessus group was done by comparative sequence analysis of the rpob and hsp65 genes and the internal transcribed spacer (its) region. genetic analysis led to the ident ... | 2013 | 23850022 |
| long-term outcome of pulmonary resection for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. | pulmonary resection along with multiple antimicrobial therapy has produced favorable outcomes at a few centers. however, little is known regarding the risk factors for long-term survival and microbiological recurrence after pulmonary resection for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (ntmpd). we evaluated the long-term outcomes of pulmonary resection, including microbiological recurrence and survival. | 2017 | 28369361 |
| changes in serum iga antibody levels against the glycopeptidolipid core antigen during antibiotic treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | we evaluated serial changes in the levels of serum immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody to the glycopeptidolipid (gpl) core antigen during antibiotic treatment in 57 patients with m. avium complex (mac) lung disease, at baseline (t0) and after 3 months (t3) and 6 months (t6) of treatment. the median patient age was 59 years and 37 (65%) were female. etiologic organisms included m. avium in 32 (56%) patients and m. intracellulare in 25 (44%). seven (12%) patients had the fibrocavitary form of the dise ... | 2017 | 28367886 |
| evaluation of the genotype ntm-dr assay for identification of mycobacterium chimaera. | identification of species within the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is difficult and most current diagnostic laboratory tests cannot distinguish between species included in the complex. differentiation of species within the mac is important as mycobacterium chimaera has recently emerged as major cause of invasive cardiovascular infections following open heart surgery. a new commercial diagnostic assay, genotype ntm-dr ver. 1.0, is intended to differentiate between three species within the mac ... | 2017 | 28356415 |
| infection sources of a common non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogen, mycobacterium avium complex. | numerous studies have revealed a continuous increase in the worldwide incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) diseases, especially pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) diseases. although it is not clear why ntm diseases have been increasing, one possibility is an increase of mycobacterial infection sources in the environment. thus, in this review, we focused on the infection sources of pathogenic ntm, especially mac. the environmental niches for mac include water, s ... | 2017 | 28326308 |
| distribution and clinical significance of mycobacterium avium complex species isolated from respiratory specimens. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was originally composed of 2 species, m. avium and m. intracellulare. however, several new species closely related to m. intracellulare have recently been identified. in addition, m. avium has been further subdivided into 4 subspecies. the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of different mac species recovered from respiratory specimens and to elucidate the clinical relevance of these species. clinical isolates, from 219 patients, that had been init ... | 2017 | 28291631 |
| ambiguous presentation of mycobacterium avium complex-associated rasmussen aneurysm. | a 77-year-old man with a progressively dry cough (two months duration) was admitted with hemoptysis. chest computed tomography (ct) revealed left lingular lobe consolidation and one thick-walled cavity lesion over the left lower lobe, which was accompanied by satellite micro-nodules in a tree-in-bud pattern. ct-guided biopsy confirmed mycobacterial infection, and subsequent culture yielded mycobacterium avium complex (mac). unremitting hemoptysis was present despite treatment (14 days) with etha ... | 2017 | 28250929 |
| [pulmonary mycobacterium avium-complex (mac) disease differentially diagnosed from metastasis of testicular cancer : a case report]. | a 45 year-old-man was admitted to our hospital because of discomfort in his left scrotum. he had a left testicular tumor. we performed high orchiectomy and pathological findings revealed testicular cancer. he was treated with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. computed tomography showed a new mass in the left lung after 3 cycles of the chemotherapy. because of its rapid growth, the tumor was thought to be a metastasis lesion of testicular cancer or pulmonary infection. transbronchial lung biops ... | 2017 | 28245543 |
| mycobacterium avium infection in portugal. | although the incidence rates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have been increasing in many countries, the basic epidemiology of ntm remains to be fully understood. | 2017 | 28234088 |
| draft genome sequence of mycobacterium chimaera type strain fl-0169. | we report here the draft genome sequence of the type strain mycobacterium chimaera fl-0169, a member of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). m. chimaera fl-0169(t) was isolated from a patient in italy and is highly similar to strains of m. chimaera isolated in ireland, although fl-0169(t) possesses unique virulence genes. | 2017 | 28232435 |
| primary cutaneous mycobacterium avium complex infection following squamous cell carcinoma excision. | primary cutaneous mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is rare, particularly among immunocompetent patients. we present the case of a purportedly healthy patient with primary cutaneous mac infection arising within the excision margins of multiple infiltrating squamous cell carcinomas. | 2016 | 28099547 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration distributions for mycobacterium avium complex-towards evidence-based susceptibility breakpoints. | patients with clinical infections caused by the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are treated for at least 1 year following sputum conversion with a regimen that suffers from a suboptimal cure rate. the correlation between clinical outcome and drug susceptibility testing breakpoints other than for the macrolides is regarded to be poor. a systematic evaluation of clinical breakpoints for mac has not been performed so far; thus, the aim of this study was to initiate the process by establishing min ... | 2017 | 28069470 |
| dose response models and a quantitative microbial risk assessment framework for the mycobacterium avium complex that account for recent developments in molecular biology, taxonomy, and epidemiology. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a group of environmentally-transmitted pathogens of great public health importance. this group is known to be harbored, amplified, and selected for more human-virulent characteristics by amoeba species in aquatic biofilms. however, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) has not been performed due to the lack of dose response models resulting from significant heterogeneity within even a single species or subspecies of mac, as well as the range of huma ... | 2017 | 27915187 |
| comparative evaluation of the advansure mycobacteria genoblot assay and the genotype mycobacterium cm/as assay for the identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. | in this study, to assess the performance of the advansure mycobacteria genoblot assay (advansure assay), we compared its performance with that of the genotype mycobacterium cm/as assay (genotype assay) for the identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). twenty-four reference strains and 103 consecutive clinical ntm isolates were analysed. the accuracy rates for the 24 reference strains were 87.5 and 95.8 % for the advansure and genotype assays, respectively. for the 103 clinical isolat ... | 2016 | 27902391 |
| a case of an enigmatic pulmonary infiltrate. | the differential diagnosis of a pulmonary mass in an immunosuppressed host with a history of cancer is broad and includes malignant, infectious and inflammatory etiologies. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a rare cause of opportunistic infection in susceptible individuals that can present as either localized or disseminated disease. on radiologic studies, the pulmonary disease can manifest as heterogeneous linear or nodular densities, a mass-like lesion, or thin-walled cavitary lesions. we p ... | 2016 | 27882275 |
| in vitro susceptibility testing of bedaquiline against mycobacterium avium complex. | we performed bedaquiline broth microdilution susceptibility testing using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines on 103 respiratory isolates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), including multidrug-resistant isolates. approximately 90% of isolates had bedaquiline mics of ≤0.008 μg/ml, and 102/103 isolates had mics of ≤0.015 μg/ml. bedaquiline has excellent potential for use in patients with mac infections, although for reasons of its metabolism by the cytochrome p450 syst ... | 2017 | 27872065 |
| [cutaneous lesions during hot-tub hypersensitivity pneumonitis: pseudomonas folliculitis ?] | interstitial lung disease, cutaneous rash and elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) may suggest diagnoses other than sarcoidosis. | 2017 | 27823913 |
| deciphering the virulence factors of the opportunistic pathogen mycobacterium colombiense. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) contains clinically important nontuberculous mycobacteria worldwide and is the second largest medical complex in the mycobacterium genus after the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. mac comprises several species that are closely phylogenetically related but diverse regarding their host preference, course of disease, virulence and immune response. in this study we provided immunologic and virulence-related insights into the m. colombiense genome as a model of an ... | 2016 | 27818776 |
| mycobacterium avium complex-associated cholecystitis in aids patient: a case description and review of literature. | aids-related cholangiopathy was common in patients with aids prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic bacterial infection seen in aids patients and one of many opportunistic pathogens implicated in aids cholangiopathy. we describe a case of acute cholecystitis secondary to mac in a patient with likely aids cholangiopathy. the patient, a 37-year-old hispanic woman with cd4(+) cell count of 10 cells/mm(3) who wa ... | 2016 | 26023092 |
| mycobacterium avium infection of nasal septum in a diabetic adult: a case report. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is primarily a pulmonary pathogen that affects individuals who are immune deficient or immunocompromised. in this report, we describe a very rare case of mac infection clinically presenting as a nasal polyp in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. this case illustrates an atypical anatomic location for mac, the anterior nasal septum in nasal cavity, as well as often overlooked cause of immune compromise, diabetes mellitus. we present the laboratory findings t ... | 2016 | 27325235 |
| environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria in the hawaiian islands. | lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. epidemiologic studies have shown the hawaiian islands have the highest prevalence of ntm lung infections in the united states. however, potential environmental reservoirs and species diversity have not been characterized. in this cross-sectional study, we describe molecular and phylogenetic comparisons of ntm isolated from 172 household plumbing biofilms and soil samples from 62 non ... | 2016 | 27780201 |
| mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: characteristics and treatment in an irish patient cohort. | the prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease is increasing globally. however, reliable national and international data relating to its epidemiology and management is lacking. during the period 2003-2014, mac was isolated from the pulmonary samples of 75 patients at the irish mycobacteria reference laboratory (imrl). most patients (42, 56%) had underlying pulmonary disease, and 37 (49%) had clinical/radiographic characteristics consistent with mac pulmonary disease. howev ... | 2016 | 27685490 |
| relapse versus reinfection of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. patient characteristics and macrolide susceptibility. | clinical recurrence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease occurs in 10 to 40% of patients treated for this disease process. episodes of clinical recurrence may represent true relapse from the same mac strain or reinfection with a new strain. | 2016 | 27599038 |
| antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis superimposed on infection-related glomerulonephritis secondary to pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | a 73-year-old woman was diagnosed with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and received no treatment. disease progression was evident one year later with the development of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca) titers and systemic symptoms of a fever, polyarthritis, purpura, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. her symptoms did not improve with antibiotic treatment. a renal biopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis with immunodeposition. accordin ... | 2016 | 27580547 |
| clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and resistance mutations associated with macrolide-resistant mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | macrolide antibiotics are key components of the multidrug treatment regimen for treating lung disease (ld) due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac). despite the emergence of macrolide resistance, limited data are available on macrolide-resistant mac-ld. this study evaluated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with macrolide-resistant mac-ld and the molecular characteristics of the macrolide-resistant isolates. a retrospective review of the medical records of 34 patients with ... | 2016 | 27572413 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium infection demonstrating unusual lobar caseous pneumonia. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a major medical concern in japan because of its increased prevalence and associated mortality. a common radiological feature in pulmonary mac infection is a mixture of two basic patterns: fibrocavitary and nodular bronchiectatic; however, lobar consolidation is rare. we report an 83-year-old man with lobar caseous pneumonia caused by pulmonary mac infection. radiological findings were predominantly composed of dense lobar consolidation and ground-gl ... | 2016 | 27516892 |
| multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules caused by mycobacterium intracellulare. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have been increasingly recognized as an important cause of chronic pulmonary infections. the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), which is composed of two species, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracelluare, is the most commonly encountered pathogen associated with ntm lung disease. mac pulmonary infection typically presents in a fibrocavitary form or a nodular bronchiectatic form. however, there have been atypical presentations of mac pulmonary infection ... | 2016 | 27468344 |
| solitary pulmonary nodules due to non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis among 28 resected cases. | in some patients, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infections manifest in solitary nodules (solitary nodular [sn] type) generally caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac). in patients treated using surgical resection, the american thoracic society guidelines state that postoperative chemotherapy is not necessary in the absence of lesions, although there have been a few reports of such cases. | 2016 | 27393550 |
| diagnostic test accuracy of anti-glycopeptidolipid-core iga antibodies for mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. | currently, an anti-glycopeptidolipid (gpl)-core iga antibody assay kit for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is commercially available. we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the precise diagnostic accuracy of anti-gpl-core iga antibodies for mac pulmonary disease (mac-pd). we systematically searched reports that could provide data for both sensitivity and specificity by anti-gpl-core iga antibody for clinically diagnosed mac-pd. diagnostic test accuracy was e ... | 2016 | 27373718 |
| lipid nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery system to enhance the oral bioavailability of rifabutin. | rifabutin (rfb) is prescribed for the treatment of tuberculosis infections as well as mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in immunocompromised individuals and hiv patients. with a view to develop a sustained release oral solid lipid nanoformulation (sln), rfb was encapsulated in glyceryl monostearate (gms) nanoparticles. the rifabutin solid lipid nanoparticles (rfb-slns), prepared by the solvent diffusion evaporation method, had a size of 345 ± 17.96 nm and pdi of 0.321 ± 0.09. the stabi ... | 2017 | 27350276 |
| increased serum kl-6 levels induced by pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with ra-associated lung disease. | kl-6 is a glycoprotein found predominantly on type ii pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages, and often shows increased serum levels in patients with interstitial pneumonia. we report a case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection whose disease activity was correlated with kl-6 levels in serum. during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra)-associated interstitial lung disease (ild) with prednisolone, chest image findings improved in association with decreased kl-6 levels. following tapering ... | 2016 | 27339212 |
| relationship between lung cancer and mycobacterium avium complex isolated using bronchoscopy. | the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-positive respiratory specimen cultures and mac lung disease (macld) is increasing worldwide. this retrospective study aimed to assess the association between mac culture-positive bronchoscopy specimens and lung cancer. | 2016 | 27335625 |
| [changes in mac antibody levels before and after surgery and at the time of relapse/recurrence in mac lung disease--can mac antibodies be an indicator of postoperative relapse/recurrence?]. | patients receiving surgical treatment for mycobacterium avium complex (mac), lung disease should be followed up with careful attention paid to relapse/recurrence, but there is some debate regarding the findings based on which relapse/recurrence should be diagnosed. | 2016 | 27263223 |
| impact of industrial structure and soil exposure on the regional variations in pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence. | the prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (pntm) disease, including mycobacterium avium complex (mac), varies widely according to geographic region. however, the factors that influence regional variations in pntm disease prevalence remain unknown. this study was undertaken to examine whether environmental or occupational factors or host traits could influence regional variations in pntm disease prevalence. | 2016 | 27242228 |
| a fatal case of pulmonary infection by mycobacterium colombiense in para state, amazon region, brazil. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a heterogeneous group of species found in several environmental sources and that exhibit variable degrees of pathogenicity. among the mac members, mycobacterium colombiense has been related to pulmonary disease and disseminated infection in hiv-infected patients in colombia. lymphadenopathy cases have also been reported. we have described a fatal case of m. colombiense pulmonary disease in a brazilian patient without evidence of hiv infection or other known c ... | 2016 | 27133309 |
| pediatric atypical mycobacterium infection presenting as wheezing and concern for foreign body aspiration. | atypical mycobacterium infection most commonly presents as asymptomatic cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. over the last several decades, rates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection have been increasing in both number and severity, with more cases of pulmonary infection reported in healthy children. however, guidelines on how to treat children with these infections remain unclear. the presentation of this disease is variable and often presents with an indolent course of ... | 2016 | 27014525 |