| rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in japanese quail. | non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. however, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (poa). brain aromatase activity (aa) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. here, acute effects of vorozole, an aromatase inhibitor, ... | 2006 | 15963995 |
| intestinal d-glucose and l-alanine transport in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix). | the mechanisms involved in d-glucose and amino acid transport in the intestine of birds are still not clear. in chickens, d-glucose and amino acid absorption occurs via carrier-mediated transport, but in wild birds a passive paracellular mechanism seems to be the predominant pathway. the purpose of this work was to determine the existence of carrier-mediated sodium cotransport of d-glucose and l-alanine in the small intestine of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix), a granivorous bird. intestinal ... | 2005 | 15971535 |
| effects of androgens and estrogens on crowings and distress callings in male japanese quail, coturnix japonica. | in male japanese quail, crowing behavior is considered to be strictly androgen-dependent. it was previously shown that in chicks, treatment with either testosterone or 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-dht; a non-aromatizable androgen) induced crowing with motivation for distress calling in acutely isolated conditions. many studies, however, have shown that the potencies of testosterone and 5alpha-dht in activating crowing in castrated males are different. to clarify the effects of androgenic a ... | 2006 | 16002068 |
| experimental salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection and egg transmission in japanese quails. | japanese quails were inoculated orally with 1 x 10(10) colony-forming units of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolated from chicks to obtain information concerning s. enteritidis infection and egg transmission. the inoculation resulted in a bacteraemic infection with seeding of the liver, spleen, intestine, peritoneum, ovule, ovary and oviduct. some infected birds showed diarrhoea, ruffled feathers, depression, loss of appetite and death. however, most infected birds remained clinically nor ... | 1992 | 16031673 |
| short-term effects of carbendazim on the gross and microscopic features of the testes of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). | carbendazim, a metabolite of benomyl which is widely used as a fungicide, has been found to cause testicular and epididymal damage in laboratory rats, mice and hamsters. no studies of the effects of this chemical on the reproductive organs of birds have been reported previously. this report is that of an investigation on the response of the testis of the japanese quail to experimental administration of this chemical in sexually mature and active birds. a single dose (400 mg/kg body weight) of ca ... | 2005 | 16034611 |
| effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies. | to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ... | 2005 | 16094834 |
| mothering during early development influences subsequent emotional and social behaviour in japanese quail. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of mothers on the emotional reactivity and social behaviour in young precocial japanese quail. we used a classical method of maternal deprivation. ethological tests and observations analysed and compared the behaviour of young artificially raised quail to that of young raised by adoptive maternal quail. after separation from mothers, brooded young were more fearful (frightened easily) in the presence of humans (human-observer tests) a ... | 2005 | 16106411 |
| interspecific variation in dietary carotenoid assimilation in birds: links to phylogeny and color ornamentation. | many birds use carotenoid pigments to acquire rich red, orange, and yellow coloration in feathers and bare parts that is used as a signal of mate quality. because carotenoids are derived from foods, much attention has been paid to the role of diet in generating color variation both within and among avian species. less consideration has been given to physiological underpinnings of color variability, especially among species. here, i surveyed published literature (e.g. captive feeding studies) on ... | 2005 | 16129640 |
| asymmetrical hatching behaviors: the development of postnatal motor laterality in three precocial bird species. | the effects of asymmetrical hatching behaviors on the development of turning bias and footedness in domestic chicks, bobwhite quail, and japanese quail chicks were examined. control tests with incubator reared domestic chicks and bobwhite quail revealed significant individual and population left-side turning bias and right footedness. when late stage hatching behaviors were disrupted, population laterality was not evident and individual laterality was reduced. by contrast, japanese quail chicks ... | 2005 | 16136548 |
| effect of neuromedin s on feeding regulation in the japanese quail. | neuromedin s (nms) was recently isolated from the brains of humans, mice and rats as an endogenous ligand for the orphan g protein-coupled receptors fm-3 and fm-4, which have been identified as neuromedin u (nmu) receptors 1 and 2, respectively. to investigate the role of nms in avian species, we elucidated the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of rat nms on food intake, body weight, body temperature and gross locomotor activity in adult japanese quails. nms significantly ... | 2006 | 16159696 |
| effects of fentin hydroxide on reproduction of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | in a one-generation reproductive study, the fungicidal compound triphenyltin hydroxide (fentin) was administered to adult japanese quail for 6 weeks at dietary levels of 3 and 30 ppm. reproduction was significantly impaired in the high-dose group. the principal adverse finding was a marked increase in embryonic mortality, resulting in a lower hatch rate. furthermore, a reduction in egg production was observed with ongoing duration of treatment. most of the other reproduction-related parameters w ... | 2006 | 16162336 |
| mapping of plumage colour and blood protein loci on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail. | the objective of this work was to map classical markers (plumage colours and blood proteins) on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the segregation data on two plumage colours and three blood proteins were obtained from 25 three-generation families (193 f2 birds). linkage analysis was carried out for these five classical markers and 80 microsatellite markers. a total of 15 linkage groups that included the five classical loci and 69 of the 80 microsatellite m ... | 2005 | 16167982 |
| hormonal and social modulation of cloacal muscle activity in female japanese quail. | japanese quail are an important model for the discovery of neuroendocrine mechanisms of sexual behavior. in common with most birds and many other vertebrates, there are no genitalia of the mammalian kind (no phallus or vagina). instead, close contact between the cloacal openings of the male and female is critical for successful mating. prior research has shown that males produce distinctive rhythmic movements of the foam gland portion of the cloacal sphincter muscle (rcsms) in response to social ... | 2006 | 16188285 |
| long-day suppressed expression of type 2 deiodinase gene in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the saanen goat, a short-day breeder: implication for seasonal window of thyroid hormone action on reproductive neuroendocrine axis. | in most animals that live in temperate regions, reproduction is under photoperiodic control. in long-day breeders such as japanese quail and djungarian hamsters, type 2 deiodinase (dio2) plays an important role in the mediobasal hypothalamus, catalyzing the conversion of prohormone t4 to bioactive t3 to regulate the photoperiodic response of the gonads. however, the molecular basis for seasonal reproduction in short-day breeders remains unclear. because thyroid hormones are also known to be invo ... | 2006 | 16195409 |
| [experimental transmission of cryptosporidium baileyi (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) isolated of broiler chicken to japanese quail (coturnix japonica)]. | in this work, oocysts of cryptosporidium baileyi were isolated and identified in broiler chickens from three different municipalities of the state of rio de janeiro, where they were isolated and identified by using the centrifuge- flotation technique associated to bright-field. staining techniques, such as: modified ziehl-neelsen and safranin-methylene blue, were carried out to confirm natural infection. oocysts of c. baileyi from broiler chickens were able to infect coccidia-free japanese quail ... | 2005 | 16229756 |
| vectorial secretion of perivitelline membrane glycoprotein zpc of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) in polarized madin-darby canine kidney cells. | the avian perivitelline membrane (pl), which is an investment homologous to the mammalian zona pellucida, is found between the surface of the oocyte and the apical surface of ovarian granulosa cells. our previous study demonstrated that zpc, one of the components of pl, is synthesized in ovarian granulosa cells. however, how the secretion of zpc is regulated in the cells has been insufficiently investigated. we studied the secretion of quail zpc expressed in polarized madin-darby canine kidney ( ... | 2005 | 16260863 |
| mycotox and aflatoxicosis in quails. | 1. this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (af) on growth performance of quail, and to determine the preventive efficacy of mycotox (oxicinol, tymol, micronised yeast). 2. one hundred and eighty 1-d-old quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were weighed and randomly divided into 4 experimental groups each with 5 replicates of 9 birds. 3. there were 4 dietary treatments: (1) control with 0 mg af/kg diet and 0% mycotox; (2) 0 mg af/kg diet and 0.5% mycotox; (3) 2.5 mg ... | 2005 | 16268113 |
| sexual differentiation of central vasopressin and vasotocin systems in vertebrates: different mechanisms, similar endpoints. | vasopressin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala and vasotocin neurons in homologous areas in non-mammalian vertebrates show some of the most consistently found neural sex differences, with males having more cells and denser projections than females. these projections have been implicated in social and reproductive behaviors but also in autonomic functions. the sex differences in these projections may cause as well as prevent sex differences in these functions. this pa ... | 2006 | 16310321 |
| duck (anas platyrhynchos), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and other avian interleukin-2 reveals significant conservation of gene organization, promoter elements and functional residues. | we compared the gene, promoter and cdna sequences, and the predicted protein structure of duck and quail interleukin-2 (il-2), a major immunomodulatory cytokine, with the known sequences of other avian and human il-2. analysis of the gene organization showed significant similarity with the overall organization of mammalian il-2 genes, with four exons and three introns and a very short 5' untranslated regions. the second intron was the biggest in all the il-2 sequences. the third intron was of si ... | 2005 | 16313299 |
| a low degree of fatty acid unsaturation leads to high resistance to lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of different organs of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | birds -- particularly long-lived species -- have special adaptations for preventing tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species. the objective of the present study was to analyse the fatty acid composition and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of mitochondria and microsomes obtained from liver, heart and brain of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), a short-lived bird. fatty acids located in total lipids of rat liver, heart and brain mitochondria and microsomes were determined using gas chroma ... | 2006 | 16317518 |
| investigation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) as a pharmacokinetic model for cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) and poicephalus parrots via comparison of the pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous injection of oxytetracycline hydrochloride. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether japanese quail (coturnix japonica) would serve as a pharmacokinetic animal model for two small companion parrots: cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) and poicephalus parrots. oxytetracycline (otc) was the pharmacologic agent chosen for this study as it is eliminated primarily by renal glomerular filtration and undergoes minimal metabolism. a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline hydrochloride was administered to the three study ... | 2005 | 16343282 |
| effect of temporal synergism of neural oscillations on photorefractoriness in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | circadian rhythms in many metabolic functions including neural (transmitters) and hormonal secretion appear to change with physiological condition. it is also reported that seasonal changes in photoperiodism/reproduction and other metabolic conditions may result from a temporal interaction of circadian neural oscillations that change seasonally. to test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to study the effect of temporal synergism of two neural oscillations (serotonin and dopamine) on ... | 2006 | 16358267 |
| spatial contrast sensitivity of birds. | contrast sensitivity (cs) is the ability of the observer to discriminate between adjacent stimuli on the basis of their differences in relative luminosity (contrast) rather than their absolute luminances. in previous studies, using a narrow range of species, birds have been reported to have low contrast detection thresholds relative to mammals and fishes. this was an unexpected finding because birds had been traditionally reported to have excellent visual acuity and color vision. this study repo ... | 2006 | 16404602 |
| individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail. | three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ... | 2005 | 16405006 |
| mapping of panda plumage color locus on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail. | panda (s) is an autosomal recessive mutation, which displays overall white plumage color with spots of wild-type plumage in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). in a previous study, the s locus was included in the same linkage group as serum albumin (alb) and vitamin-d binding protein (gc) which are mapped on chicken (gallus gallus) chromosome 4 (gga4). in this study, we mapped the s locus on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail by linkage analysis. | 2006 | 16405738 |
| relationship of cloacal gland with testes, testosterone and fertility in different lines of male japanese quail. | an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship of cloacal gland with testes, testosterone and fertility in different lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). for this study, three lines of healthy adult male japanese quails (<12 weeks) viz., heavy body weight (hb), white breasted (wb), and white egg shell (wes) were taken. they were housed in individual cages under uniform husbandry conditions and were provided with normal quail breeder ration and water ad libitum, with 14 ... | 2007 | 16448791 |
| lack of effects of atrazine on estrogen-responsive organs and circulating hormone concentrations in sexually immature female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the widely used herbicide, atrazine, has been reported to exhibit reproductive toxicity in rats and amphibians. the present studies investigate toxicity of atrazine in japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in sexually immature females. atrazine was administered in the diet at concentrations from 0.001 to 1000 ppm (approximately 109 mg kg-1 per day) or systemically via daily subcutaneous injections (1 and 10 mg kg-1) or silastic implants. atrazine did not cause overt toxicity i ... | 2006 | 16516945 |
| residues of fluoroquinolone drugs in the cloacal gland and other tissues of japanese quail. | 1. in this study we investigated the residues of fluoroquinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) in the cloacal gland (a site of foam synthesis) and other tissues such as breast muscle, testes, brain, kidney and plasma. 2. fifty-four healthy male japanese quail were selected at random from a flock, maintained under uniform husbandry conditions and divided into three groups, each of 18 birds. group i (control) received 1 ml vehicle (normal saline 0.9% (w/v) nacl) daily for 12 d through the i ... | 2006 | 16546801 |
| japanese quail egg embryo as a host for viruses. | rauscher, frank j. (national cancer institute, bethesda, md.), james a. reyniers, and miriam r. sacksteder. japanese quail egg embryo as a host for viruses. j. bacteriol. 84:1134-1139. 1962.-the egg embryo of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica, temminck and schlegel) was found to support readily the growth of a wide range of viruses known to infect chicken eggs. methods commonly used in studying viruses in chicken eggs were modified and adapted to the quail egg. the procedures are descri ... | 1962 | 16561976 |
| determination of carbendazim residues in the eggs, liver and pectoral muscle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the effect of carbendazim, a widely applied cereal seed dressing agent, was studied in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during an overall period of eight weeks, consisting of a four-week feeding phase and a subsequent four-week excretion period. body mass and feed consumption of the birds were monitored and residues of the active ingredient were determined by an analytical chemical method. during the eight-week study period, changes (either decrease or increase) directly attributable ... | 2006 | 16613033 |
| neuroanatomical specificity in the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos following expression of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviour in japanese quail. | we investigated the neural sites related to the occurrence of appetitive (asb) and consummatory (csb) aspects of male sexual behaviour in japanese quail. castrated males treated with testosterone were exposed for 5 min to one of four experimental conditions: (i) free interaction with a female (csb group); (ii) expression of rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements in response to the visual presentation of a female (asb-f group); (iii) or a male (asb-m group), and (iv) handling as a control manipulat ... | 2006 | 16623844 |
| integrated maps in quail (coturnix japonica) confirm the high degree of synteny conservation with chicken (gallus gallus) despite 35 million years of divergence. | by comparing the quail genome with that of chicken, chromosome rearrangements that have occurred in these two galliform species over 35 million years of evolution can be detected. from a more practical point of view, the definition of conserved syntenies helps to predict the position of genes in quail, based on information taken from the chicken sequence, thus enhancing the utility of this species in biological studies through a better knowledge of its genome structure. a microsatellite and an a ... | 2006 | 16669996 |
| search for qtl affecting the shape of the egg laying curve of the japanese quail. | egg production is of critical importance in birds not only for their reproduction but also for human consumption as the egg is a highly nutritive and balanced food. consequently, laying in poultry has been improved through selection to increase the total number of eggs laid per hen. this number is the cumulative result of the oviposition, a cyclic and repeated process which leads to a pattern over time (the egg laying curve) which can be modelled and described individually. unlike the total egg ... | 2006 | 16677378 |
| evaluation of abundance of aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere of transgenic and non-transgenic alfalfa lines. | fourteen genetically modified lines of alfalfa (medicago sativa) containing the gene ov from japanese quail, coding for a methionine-rich protein ovalbumin, were evaluated for nodulation ability and concentration of aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere. the transgenic lines were derived from a highly regenerable genotype rg9/i-14-22, selected from cv. lucia. on selective media, a higher concentration of ammonifying bacteria, bacterial spores, denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria were observed in ... | 2005 | 16681149 |
| molecular mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement in the brain of japanese quail. | in most organisms living in temperate zones, reproduction is under photoperiodic control. although photoperiodic time measurement has been studied in organisms ranging from plants to vertebrates, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) represents an excellent model to study this problem because of the rapid and dramatic photoperiodic response of its hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. recent investigations of japanese quail show that lon ... | 2006 | 16687304 |
| impairment of testicular function in adult male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) after a single administration of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in diesel exhaust particles. | the effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (pnmc), a component of diesel exhaust, on reproductive function were investigated in adult male japanese quail. the quail were treated with a single i.m. dose of pnmc (78, 103 or 135 mg/kg body weight), and trunk blood and testes were collected 1, 2 or 4 weeks later. various levels of testicular atrophy were observed in all groups treated with pnmc. sperm formation, cloacal gland area, and plasma lh and testosterone concentrations were also reduced in birds ... | 2006 | 16731786 |
| association of a glu92lys substitution in mc1r with extended brown in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | we investigated melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) as a candidate locus for the extended brown phenotype in quail, in which there is a general darkening throughout the plumage. an initial screen of variation in mc1r in extended brown and in wild-type quails revealed two polymorphic non-synonymous sites. one of these sites, a g-to-a substitution leading to a glu92lys mutation, was perfectly associated with plumage phenotype; all extended brown birds were homozygous for lys92. co-segregation of the gl ... | 2006 | 16734695 |
| tissue tropism of a thailand strain of high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (h5n1) in tissues of naturally infected native chickens (gallus gallus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (anas spp.). | the tropism of a thailand strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus was demonstrated on tissues (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, rectum, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, duodenum, and oviduct) from naturally infected native chickens (gallus gallus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (anas spp.) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. in chickens and quail, the distribution and localization of nucleoprotein viral antigen was similar and detected at the ... | 2006 | 16753617 |
| body size related adaptations of the avian myocardial phospholipid fatty acyl chain composition. | the myocardial phospholipid fatty acid (fa) composition (mol %) of 7 avian species was determined, in a body mass range from 150 g (japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica) to 19 kg (turkey, meleagris gallopavo). significant allometric increases were found for c16:1 n7 (allometric exponent: b=0.15), c18:1 n7 (b=0.08), c18:1 n9 (b=0.24), c20:1 n9 (b=0.22) and c20:3 n3 (b=0.12); moreover, total monounsaturates (b=0.20) and the sum of n9 fas (b=0.24) was also positively related to body mass. the ... | 2006 | 16765623 |
| dna methylation induced changes in chromatin conformation of the promoter of the vitellogenin ii gene of japanese quail during aging. | one approach to the understanding of the molecular basis of aging in higher organisms may be to use genes whose timing and rate of expression during the life span run parallel with specific functions that can be monitored. the genes for egg proteins, such as vitellogenin (vtg), which is expressed in the liver, and ovalbumin, lysozyme etc. that are expressed in the oviduct of birds, meet these requirements. egg laying function is dependent on the production of these proteins, which, in turn, depe ... | 2006 | 16766142 |
| cloacal gland and gonadal photoresponsiveness in male japanese quail selected for divergent plasma corticosterone response to brief restraint. | corticosterone is linked to testicular depression, and in coturnix, a relatively photorefractory species, day length and androgen dependency in cloacal gland development and foam production are evident. furthermore, male quail selected for reduced (low stress, ls) rather than exaggerated (high stress, hs) plasma corticosterone stress response show more photo-induced reproductive development, greater resistance to reproductive declines induced by exposure to very short days, and a quicker recover ... | 2006 | 16776477 |
| effects of feeding fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | one hundred fifty 1-d-old quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 2 groups. the 2 groups were designated as controls (cx) and fumonisin-fed birds (fx) with each containing 50 and 100 chicks, respectively. the birds in group cx were maintained on quail mash alone, whereas the birds in group fx were maintained on diets supplemented with 300 ppm of fumonisin b1 from fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material from 1 d. quail chicks in both groups we ... | 2006 | 16830851 |
| a rapid neuromodulatory role for steroid hormones in the control of reproductive behavior. | the long-term transcriptional actions of steroids that shape neuronal morphology and the probability of behavioral expression are well established. more recently, attention has been focused on the role of rapid (minute-by-minute) steroid actions on neuronal mechanisms of reproductive behavior. in this review, we first consider the rapid actions of steroids on mating and copulatory behaviors in tetrapod vertebrates. evidence for rapid effects of steroids is presented for chemoinvestigatory behavi ... | 2006 | 16854385 |
| a comparative map of macrochromosomes between chicken and japanese quail based on orthologous genes. | in order to develop a comparative map between chicken and quail, we identified orthologous gene markers based on chicken genomic sequences and localized them on the japanese quail kobe-nibs linkage map, which had previously been constructed with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. after sequencing the intronic regions of 168 genes located on chicken chromosomes 1-8, polymorphisms among kobe-nibs quail family parents were detected in 51 genes. these orthologous markers were mapped on eight j ... | 2006 | 16879339 |
| effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing japanese quail. | 1. the effect of increasing dietary selenium (se) on production performance and immune responses in growing (0 to 6 weeks) japanese quail was investigated. 2. one-day-old chicks (240) were randomly selected and divided into 12 groups with 20 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments x 4 replicates). the basal diet contained 0.2 mg se/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg se/kg. 3. body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ratio and mortality were not af ... | 2006 | 16905478 |
| effect of dietary vitamin e on the cloacal gland, foam and semen characteristics of male japanese quail. | this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing the level of dietary vitamin e (vit. e) on cloacal gland size, foam production and semen characteristics of male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). one hundred and eighty male japanese quail chicks (day old) were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments for a period of 25 weeks. each treatment comprised of three replicates each containing 20 chicks. the basal diet contained 15 iu vit. e/kg and the two experimental die ... | 2007 | 16959309 |
| mlh1-focus mapping in birds shows equal recombination between sexes and diversity of crossover patterns. | using immunolocalization of the mismatch-repair protein mlh1 in oocytes and spermatocytes of the japanese quail and the zebra finch, we estimated the average amount of recombination in each sex of both species. in each case the number of mlh1 foci is statistically equivalent in males and females and the resulting sex-averaged map lengths are 2800 cm in the japanese quail and 2275 cm in the zebra finch. in the japanese quail the mlh1 foci are regularly distributed along the macrobivalents and rec ... | 2006 | 16964567 |
| a novel family of repetitive dna sequences amplified site-specifically on the w chromosomes in neognathous birds. | a novel family of repetitive dna sequences was molecularly cloned from apai-digested genomic dna of two galliformes species, japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and guinea fowl (numida meleagris), and characterized by chromosome in-situ hybridization and filter hybridization. both the repeated sequence elements produced intensely painted signals on the w chromosomes, whereas they weakly hybridized to whole chromosomal regions as interspersed-type repetitive sequences. the repeated elements of the ... | 2006 | 16964568 |
| fish on avian lampbrush chromosomes produces higher resolution gene mapping. | giant lampbrush chromosomes, which are characteristic of the diplotene stage of prophase i during avian oogenesis, represent a very promising system for precise physical gene mapping. we applied 35 chicken bac and 4 pac clones to both mitotic metaphase chromosomes and meiotic lampbrush chromosomes of chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) mapping on lampbrush chromosomes allowed us to distinguish closely locat ... | 2006 | 17028954 |
| immunosenescence and age-related susceptibility to influenza virus in japanese quail. | we evaluated juvenile, pubescent, reproductive adult, and aged japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) to determine if there were age-related differences in immune function with the hypothesis that aged birds would have weaker immune responses. immune responses were measured using phytohemagglutinin (pha) skin test, antibody response to foreign red blood cells and exposure to an h9n2 influenza virus. adult birds consistently had stronger immune responses than young and aged birds. aged quail ... | 2007 | 17045650 |
| full genome sequence and some biological properties of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain apc-566 isolated from endangered attwater's prairie chickens. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes runting, high mortality, immunosuppression, and chronic neoplasia associated with t and/or b cell lymphomas in a variety of domestic and wild birds, including attwater's prairie chickens (apc) (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). the complete proviral sequence of a recent rev isolate from apc (rev apc-566) was determined. this virus was isolated from an apc maintained in captivity in a reproduction program intended to avoid its extinction. rev apc-566 was dete ... | 2007 | 17098316 |
| on the positions of centromeres in chicken lampbrush chromosomes. | using immunostaining with antibodies against cohesin subunits, we show here that cohesin-enriched structures analogous to the so-called centromere protein bodies (pb) are the characteristic of galliform lampbrush chromosomes. their centromeric location was verified by fish with certain dna probes. pb-like structures were used as markers for centromere localization in chicken lampbrush chromosomes. the gap predicted to be centromeric in current chicken chromosome 3 sequence assembly was found to ... | 2006 | 17115332 |
| isolation of avian influenza virus a subtype h5n1 from internal contents (albumen and allantoic fluid) of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and oviduct during a natural outbreak. | avian influenza virus (aiv) was recovered from the internal contents of eggs, including mixture of albumen and allantoic fluid, and from the oviduct of naturally infected japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) flocks in the southern part of thailand. the virus titers of 10(4.6)-10(6.2) eld(50)/ml were directly measured from the internal content of infected eggs. the virus was isolated by chorioallantoic sac inoculation of embryonating chicken eggs. infected allantoic fluid was identified as ... | 2006 | 17135508 |
| mutations in slc45a2 cause plumage color variation in chicken and japanese quail. | s*s (silver), s*n (wild type/gold), and s*al (sex-linked imperfect albinism) form a series of alleles at the s (silver) locus on chicken (gallus gallus) chromosome z. similarly, sex-linked imperfect albinism (al*a) is the bottom recessive allele at the orthologous al locus in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the solute carrier family 45, member 2, protein (slc45a2), previously denoted membrane-associated transporter protein (matp), has an important role in vesicle sorting in the melanocytes. ... | 2007 | 17151254 |
| changes in the activity of acid glycosidases during posthatch development and regression after light reduction of japanese quail testes and epididymides. | in this study specific activities of four acid glycosidases: beta-n-acethylhexosaminidase (beta-hex), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), alpha- and beta-mannosidase (alpha- and beta-man) were investigated in japanese quail testes and epididymides during posthatch development and regression after light reduction. the specific activity of testicular beta-hex and beta-gal increased steadily during posthatch development and assumed maximum values for testes weighing 200-400 mg, when numerous spermatocyt ... | 2007 | 17215159 |
| effects of cyanobacterial biomass on the japanese quail. | mortality of wild aquatic birds has recently been attributed to cyanobacterial toxins. despite this, no experimental studies on the effects of defined doses of microcystins administered orally to birds exist. in this experiment, four groups of male japanese quails daily ingesting 10ml of microcystis biomass containing 0.045, 0.459, 4.605 or 46.044mug of microcystins, respectively, for 10 and 30 days, showed no mortality. histopathological hepatic changes in birds after the biomass exposure inclu ... | 2007 | 17217976 |
| in vitro degradation of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) by cytosolic enzymes of japanese quail and the rabbit. | hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) is a polycyclic nitramine explosive and propellant, currently being considered as a potential replacement for existing cyclic nitramine explosives. earlier studies have provided evidence suggestive of adverse liver effects in adult coturnix spp. exposed to cl-20, yet analysis of tissue samples (plasma, liver, brain, heart, or spleen) indicated that cl-20 was not detectable in these treated animals. the present study was conducted to identify and purify the e ... | 2006 | 17220092 |
| development and performances of a japanese quail line homozygous for the diabetes insipidus (di) mutation. | a strain of japanese quail with the polyuria disorder (excessive urination) was developed from founders that regurgitated water spontaneously. a back-cross with a nonpolyuric quail line showed that the polyuric strain was fixed for an autosomal recessive mutation that also induced polydipsia (excessive drinking). plasma levels and brain mrna contents for avian arg vasotocin were little affected by the mutation, but plasma avian arg vasotocin was 13-fold higher and brain mrna contents were signif ... | 2007 | 17234837 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene: a simple method for identification of poultry meat species. | chicken (gallus gallus), duck (anas platyrhynchos), turkey (meleagris gallopavo), guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and quail (coturnix japonica) are the common poultry species consumed as meat throughout the world. in this work, a molecular technique has been developed for identification and differentiation of meat originating from these species. this tool helps in detection of misrepresentation of different poultry meats. the technique involves the extraction of dna from the given sample, polymer ... | 2007 | 17253115 |
| endothelin receptor b2 (ednrb2) is associated with the panda plumage colour mutation in japanese quail. | the panda mutant in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) displays spots of wild-type plumage on a white background and is controlled by an autosomal recessive allele (s). the dotted white is controlled by a third allele (s(dw)) of the s locus with s(dw)/s(dw) quail having less pigmentation than s/s quail. we mapped the s locus to the japanese quail chromosome 4 (cja04) in a previous study. the orthologous region of the chicken (gallus gallus) genome includes endothelin receptor b2 (ednrb2), an avi ... | 2007 | 17313575 |
| xenogenic oogenesis of chicken (gallus domesticus) female primordial germ cells in germline chimeric quail (coturnix japonica) ovary. | in present study, chicken primordial germ cells (pgcs) were transferred into quail embryos to investigate the development of these germ cells in quail ovary. briefly, 2 microl of chicken embryonic blood (stage 14) or about 100 purified circulating pgcs were transferred into quail embryo. contribution of chicken pgcs were detected in gonads of chimeric quail embryos (stage 28) by immunocytochemical staining of cell surface antigen ssea-1, and by in situ hybridization (ish) with female chicken spe ... | 2007 | 17337136 |
| nitric oxide modulates gonadal and adrenal function in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica. | nitric oxide (no) a gaseous neurotransmitter is reported to play an important role in controlling the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) in mammalian system. but its role has not been investigated in birds, where photoperiod plays an important role in regulating gonadal development. to investigate the effect of no on gonadal and adrenal function of japanese quail, in the first experiment, 3-weeks-old sexually immature quail received no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp, 5mg/10 ... | 2007 | 17353014 |
| effects of supplemental vitamin e in diet of japanese quail on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability. | 1. two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental vitamin e (ve) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. in experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 iu alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg. at 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for testosterone estimation were tak ... | 2007 | 17364548 |
| the testicular capsule and peritubular tissue of birds: morphometry, histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. | the testicular capsule was studied histologically, morphometrically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically in the japanese quail, domestic fowl, turkey and duck (all members of the galloanserae). the testicular capsule was, relative to mammals, thin, being 81.5 +/- 13.7 microm in the quail, 91.7 +/- 6.2 microm in the domestic fowl, 104.5 +/- 29.8 microm in the turkey and 91.8 +/- 18.9 microm in the duck. the orchido-epididymal border (hilus) of the capsule was much thicker than elsewhere i ... | 2007 | 17451470 |
| pathogenicity and transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus isolated from endangered prairie chickens. | the pathogenicity and transmission of a field isolate of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was studied using an experimental model in japanese quail. oncogenicity was also evaluated after inoculations in chickens and turkeys. the original rev (designated apc-566) was isolated from attwater's prairie chickens (tympanuchus cupido attwateri), an endangered wild avian species of the southern united states. the transmissibility of the rev isolate was studied in young naive japanese quail in contact w ... | 2007 | 17461264 |
| adaptation of influenza a/mallard/potsdam/178-4/83 h2n2 virus in japanese quail leads to infection and transmission in chickens. | to assess the potential of quail as an intermediate host of avian influenza, we tested the influenza a/mallard/ potsdam/178-4/83 (h2n2) virus to determine whether through adaptation a mallard strain can replicate and transmit in quail, as well as other terrestrial birds. after five serial passages of lung homogenate a virus arose that replicated and transmitted directly to contact cage mates. to test whether adaptation in quail led to interspecies transmission, white leghorn chickens were infect ... | 2007 | 17494563 |
| pathobiology of h9n2 avian influenza virus in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | clinical signs, serologic response, viral contents of the trachea and intestine, and histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the tracheal epithelium of japanese quail experimentally infected with field isolate of h9n2 avian influenza were studied. vaccinated and unvaccinated quail were inoculated with 10(6.3) 50% embryo infectious dose/bird of a/ chicken/iran/sh-110/99 (h9n2) virus via nasal inoculation. clinical signs such as depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and nasal and eye di ... | 2007 | 17494591 |
| tandem 41-bp repeats in chicken and japanese quail genomes: fish mapping and transcription analysis on lampbrush chromosomes. | the chromosomal distribution of 41-bp repeats, known as cnm and po41 repeats in the chicken genome and bglii repeats in the japanese quail, was analyzed precisely using giant lampbrush chromosomes (lbc) from chicken, japanese quail, and turkey growing oocytes. the po41 repeat is conserved in all galliform species, whereas the other repeats are species specific. in chicken and quail, the centromere and subtelomere regions share homologous satellite sequences. rna polymerase ii transcribes the 41- ... | 2007 | 17619894 |
| effects of the dominant lethal yellow mutation on reproduction, growth, feed consumption, body temperature, and body composition of the japanese quail. | wild-type japanese quail were compared with full-sibs with a yellow plumage color determined by an autosomal dominant mutation (y), which is lethal when homozygous. these quail have wheat-straw yellow-colored feathers. early growth was slower in yellow quail that had 2.4% lower bw than wild-type quail (149.3 g vs. 153.0 g) at 28 d of age. the bw, however, was similar for yellow and wild-type males at 35 d, and it remained so throughout the last part of the growth of the quail monitored until the ... | 2007 | 17626808 |
| identification and metabolic transformations of carotenoids in ocular tissues of the japanese quail coturnix japonica. | as in humans and monkeys, lutein [(3r,3'r,6'r)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol] and zeaxanthin [a mixture of (3r,3'r)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'diol and (3r,3's-meso)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol] are found in substantial amounts in the retina of the japanese quail coturnix japonica. this makes the quail retina an excellent nonprimate small animal model for studying the metabolic transformations of these important macular carotenoids that are thought to play an integral role in protection against l ... | 2007 | 17630780 |
| a comparison of the protective action of added egg yolks from five avian species to the cryopreservation of bull sperm. | cryopreservation of domestic animal sperm has been widely used for artificial insemination (ai), and egg yolk is one of the most commonly used cryoprotectants during the freezing-thawing process. the objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness of egg yolk from five avian species (domestic chicken, domestic duck, domestic goose, japanese quail or domestic pigeon) and to optimize the concentration of egg yolk on the cryopreservation of bull sperm in terms of frozen-thawed sperm prog ... | 2008 | 17662543 |
| alkaline phosphatase reactivity in the vagina and uterovaginal junction sperm-storage tubules of turkeys in egg production: implications for sperm storage. | 1. currently there remains contradictory information on the localisation and possible role of alkaline phosphatase (ap) in the chicken and japanese quail oviducts. 2. using turkeys with a hard-shelled egg in their uteri, vaginal and uterovaginal junction mucosae were stretched and fixed as whole mounts prior to the histochemical localisation of ap activity. 3. scattered ap reactive cells were observed in the vaginal and uterovaginal junction surface epithelia and intense ap reactivity of the spe ... | 2007 | 17701505 |
| ontogeny of the cloacal gland in male japanese quail classified in a t-maze. | broiler chicks that traverse a t-maze quickly to reinstate contact with their companions (hp, high performers) are known to grow faster, are more social, and have a reduced plasma corticosterone response to acute stress than slower chicks (lp, low performers). high-performing quail from a line selected for reduced rather than exaggerated (high-stress) adrenocortical stress responsiveness also show enhanced female reproductive performance when compared with lp-high-stress quail. herein, time cour ... | 2007 | 17704392 |
| 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol metabolism by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase in liver microsomes of mice, rats, and japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (pnmc) is a component of diesel exhaust particles and one of the major breakdown products of the insecticide fenitrothion. this chemical has a high potential for reproductive toxicity in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and rats. because pnmc inhaled by the body is metabolized by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) and sulfotransferase, we investigated these enzyme activities in the hepatic microsomes and cytosols of quail (as a model of wild birds) and com ... | 2007 | 17705660 |
| modified saponification and hplc methods for analyzing carotenoids from the retina of quail: implications for its use as a nonprimate model species. | to investigate carotenoid content in the retina of japanese quail (coturnix japonica), for comparison with carotenoids in human retina, and to assess the effects of different saponification procedures on the recovery of quail retinal carotenoids. | 2007 | 17724175 |
| hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate for reduction of aflatoxin in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (af) on growth performance and various processing parameters of quails and to determine the preventive efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (hscas). one hundred and eighty 1-d-old quails of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 5 replicates and 45 birds following weighing. the experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments: 1) control with 0 mg af/kg of diet and 0% ... | 2007 | 17724933 |
| vegf-related protein isolated from vipera palestinae venom, promotes angiogenesis. | therapeutic angiogenesis is one of the major approaches in designing new therapies for cardiovascular diseases. vpvegf was purified from vipera palestinae venom using two steps of reverse-phase hplc. structurally, vpvegf belongs to the vegf-f1 family of snake venom proteins, and potently stimulated dhmvec proliferation in a vegfr-2 dependent manner. this growth factor appeared to be a chemoattractant for migration of these cells and stimulated their radial migration in a collagen gel. the stimul ... | 2007 | 17852405 |
| effects of xenoestrogens on the differentiation of behaviorally-relevant neural circuits. | it has become increasingly clear that environmental chemicals have the capability of impacting endocrine function. moreover, these endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) have long term consequences on adult reproductive function, especially if exposure occurs during embryonic development thereby affecting sexual differentiation. of the edcs, most of the research has been conducted on the effects of estrogen active compounds. although androgen active compounds are also present in the environment, ... | 2007 | 17868795 |
| estimation of chemical toxicity to wildlife species using interspecies correlation models. | ecological risks to wildlife are typically assessed using toxicity data for relatively few species and with limited understanding of differences in species sensitivity to contaminants. empirical interspecies correlation models were derived from ld50 values for 49 wildlife species and 951 chemicals. the standard wildlife test species japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and mallard (anas platyrhynchos) were determined to be good surrogates for many species within the database. cross-validation of a ... | 2007 | 17874802 |
| dietary tomato powder supplementation in the prevention of leiomyoma of the oviduct in the japanese quail. | spontaneous leiomyomas of the oviduct are common tumors of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), which makes it a good animal model for screening potential agents for testing in the prevention and treatment of human myoma uteri. we have previously reported a decreased incidence of leiomyomas in the oviduct of japanese quail with lycopene supplementation. although the major carotenoid in tomatoes is lycopene, tomatoes also contain other compounds, which may contribute to their health b ... | 2007 | 17927504 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl effects on avian hepatic enzyme induction and thyroid function. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) decrease thyroid function in laboratory rodents by inducing activity of a liver enzyme, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (udp-gt), thereby increasing thyroxine (t4) clearance. this loss of t4 can lead to hypothyroidism. in this study, an assay was validated for measuring udp-gt activity toward t4 in japanese quail. udp-gt induction by aroclor 1254 was evaluated in quail, and responses of quail and mice were compared. in experiment 1, japanese quail and ... | 2008 | 17950733 |
| primary structure and tissue distribution of gpr39 messenger ribonucleic acid in japanese quail, coturnix japonica. | it has been found that gpr39 is an orphan receptor that belongs to the family of g protein-coupled receptors. in mammals, gpr39 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal and metabolic function. in this study, we performed cdna cloning for gpr39 in japanese quail and characterized the tissue expression profiles of its mrna. the cdna encoded 462 amino acids, showing very high sequence homology to chicken gpr39 (95.5%) and moderate homology to mouse (64.7%), rat (63.7%), a ... | 2007 | 17954600 |
| effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on adrenal and gonadal functions in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on gonadal and adrenal functions in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica), hypothyroidism was induced in male adult japanese quail by daily administration of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (methimazole) in their drinking water. four weeks after methimazole treatment, the japanese quail were sacrificed, and the plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine (ft3), free thyroxine (ft4), total t3 (tt3), total t4 (tt4), corticosterone, testosterone, lh and ... | 2007 | 17965543 |
| pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail fed fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1. | three hundred 1-day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups of 150 each. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, whereas fusarium verticillioides culture material (fcm) was added to quail mash in the second group from 5 days of age and supplied 150 mg fb1/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonella gallinarum alone group (group cs ... | 2007 | 17992930 |
| exclusion of polymeric immunoglobulins and selective immunoglobulin y transport that recognizes its fc region in avian ovarian follicles. | in avian species, blood immunoglobulin (ig) y, the equivalent to mammalian igg, is selectively incorporated into ovarian follicles, but other classes, iga and igm, are much less abundant in the follicles. several mammalian igs, including igg and iga, are also incorporated into ovarian follicles when administered to birds. to clarify the ig structure required for incorporation into ovarian follicles, ig uptakes were determined after the intravenous injection of chicken and human igs. three chicke ... | 2008 | 18031828 |
| effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol on the suppression of adrenocortical function in immature male rats. | in previous studies, we found that 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol; pnmc) isolated from diesel exhaust particles, and also a degradation product of the insecticide fenitrothion, exhibited testicular toxicity in the male of both immature rat and adult japanese quail. it is well established that a functional relationship exists between the gonads and adrenals. the present study investigates the effect of pnmc on the adrenocortical functions of immature male rats. we subcutaneously injecte ... | 2007 | 18057729 |
| influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails. | the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles (ag-nano) on microbial profile of caecum and morphology of enterocytes in duodenum of japanese quail, as a model animal for poultry. quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) (10 d old) were randomly divided into four groups (15 quails each) and located into four cages for 12 days. quails were fed with granulated diets given ad libitum and had free access to drinking water. ag-nano were added to drinki ... | 2007 | 18069616 |
| arterial vascularization of the uropygial glands (gl. uropygialis) in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and silver polish (gallus gallus domesticus). | this study focused on the morphological characteristics of the uropygial glands of the japanese quail and silver polish, particularly the arterial nourishment. with this respect, coloured-latex injected animals were dissected and their glands and related arteries were observed. the gland in the japanese quail was relatively longer than that in the silver polish. the first caudal segmental arteries in the japanese quail were specialized as the uropygial gland artery while the fourth caudal segmen ... | 2008 | 18162098 |
| preference of birds for zinc phosphide bait formulations. | zinc phosphide baits are used for controlling pest rodents but are also highly toxic to other vertebrates. the base for rodent baits containing zinc phosphide is usually wheat kernels which are highly attractive to birds. in this study, wheat-based pellets of different shapes and colours without zinc phosphide were tested for their attractiveness for pigeons (columba livia gmelin) and japanese quails (coturnix japonica temm. & schleg.) in aviaries and for pigeons and corvids (corvus monedula l., ... | 2008 | 18189327 |
| origin of adenohypophysial lobes and cells from rathke's pouch in chicken (gallus gallus) and japanese quail (coturniz coturniz japonica). expression of calcium-binding proteins. | a histological and immunochemical study of adenohypophysis development in two bird species: chicken (gallus gallus) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was carried out, focussing firstly morphologically on the origin of its different lobes, then secondly on the differentiation of hormone-producing cells from the adenohypophysial anlage and their involvement in the differentiation of three calcium-binding proteins. the results of the morphological development study show how the origin ... | 2008 | 18215203 |
| gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) receptor gene is expressed in the chicken ovary: potential role of gnih in follicular maturation. | gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih), an rfamide peptide, has been found to inhibit pituitary lh secretion in avian and mammalian species. the gene encoding a putative receptor for gnih (gnihr) was recently identified in the chicken and japanese quail brain and pituitary gland. gnihr appears to be a seven-transmembrane protein belonging to a family of g-protein-coupled receptors. in the present study, we have characterized the expression of gnihr mrna in the chicken ovary and demonstrate that ... | 2008 | 18239054 |
| secretion of inhibin in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) from one week of age to sexual maturity. | the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in secretion of inhibin and cellular localization of the inhibin alpha and inhibin/activin (beta(a) and beta(b)) subunits in male japanese quail from 1 to 7 weeks after hatching. the post-hatch profile of plasma luteinizing hormone (lh), immunoreactive (ir) inhibin and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. testes were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (abc) using polyclonal antisera raised against inh ... | 2008 | 18239351 |
| genetic evaluation of the hsp70 protein in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | heat stress is one of the main problems in modern aviculture, since it affects birds especially in the final phase of rearing, causing bird mortality and economic losses to the aviculturist. the quail, as most birds, has difficulties in dissipating heat. however, little is known about the mechanism that controls the responses of the organism to stressor agents. therefore, the study of heat shock proteins (hsps) in these birds is important. a 960-bp portion of hsp70 was amplified using oligonucle ... | 2008 | 18273829 |
| transplantation of ovaries in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | this study aimed to extend techniques of ovarian transplantation from chickens to japanese quail. ovarian tissue was surgically transplanted from chicks obtained from a line of white-breasted (wb/wb) to those of wild-type (+/+) quail at 1-day of age or at 1 week, with or without subsequent administration of the immunosuppressant, mycophenolate mofetil. only one out of seven quail (14.3%) transplanted at 1-day of age survived the surgery but 14 of 18 quail (77.8%) transplanted at a week of age su ... | 2008 | 18276089 |
| urine concentration and avian aquaporin water channels. | although birds and mammals have evolved from primitive tetrapods and advanced divergently, both can conserve water by producing hyperosmotic urine. unique aspects in the avian system include the presence of loopless and looped nephrons, lack of the thin ascending limb of henle's loop, a corticomedullary osmotic gradient primarily consisting of nacl without contribution of urea, and significant postrenal modification of final urine. the countercurrent multiplier mechanism operates between the des ... | 2008 | 18278509 |
| maternal antibodies reduce costs of an immune response during development. | young vertebrates are dependent primarily on innate immunity and maternally derived antibodies for immune defense. this reliance on innate immunity and the associated inflammatory response often leads to reduced growth rates after antigenic challenge. however, if offspring have maternal antibodies that recognize an antigen, these antibodies should block stimulation of the inflammatory response and reduce growth suppression. to determine whether maternal and/or offspring antigen exposure affect a ... | 2008 | 18281327 |
| recessive black is allelic to the yellow plumage locus in japanese quail and associated with a frameshift deletion in the asip gene. | the recessive black plumage mutation in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is controlled by an autosomal recessive gene (rb) and displays a blackish-brown phenotype in the recessive homozygous state (rb/rb). a similar black coat color phenotype in nonagouti mice is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation at the agouti locus. an allelism test showed that wild type and mutations for yellow, fawn-2, and recessive black in japanese quail were multiple alleles (*n, *y, *f2, and *rb) at the same ... | 2008 | 18287406 |
| characterization of japanese quail yellow as a genomic deletion upstream of the avian homolog of the mammalian asip (agouti) gene. | asip is an important pigmentation gene responsible for dorsoventral and hair-cycle-specific melanin-based color patterning in mammals. we report some of the first evidence that the avian asip gene has a role in pigmentation. we have characterized the genetic basis of the homozygous lethal japanese quail yellow mutation as a >90-kb deletion upstream of asip. this deletion encompasses almost the entire coding sequence of two upstream loci, raly and eif2b, and places asip expression under control o ... | 2008 | 18287407 |
| functional disorder of the retina in manganese-deficient japanese quail revealed by electroretinography using a contact lens electrode with built-in light source. | manganese deficiency results in neurological and skeletal defects, together with ultrastructural disarrangement of the retina in rats. wild birds show a range of mn concentrations in their tissues, including the liver, raising the possibility of mn-related disorders in the wild. electroretinography (erg) provides a useful noninvasive approach to evaluate visual function. this method is especially useful in birds, as objective analysis of them is very difficult, while they have well-developed vis ... | 2008 | 18319573 |
| thyrotrophin in the pars tuberalis triggers photoperiodic response. | molecular mechanisms regulating animal seasonal breeding in response to changing photoperiod are not well understood. rapid induction of gene expression of thyroid-hormone-activating enzyme (type 2 deiodinase, dio2) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh) of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is the earliest event yet recorded in the photoperiodic signal transduction pathway. here we show cascades of gene expression in the quail mbh associated with the initiation of photoinduced secretion of lu ... | 2008 | 18354476 |