| isolation, characterization and nucleotide sequences of the aroc genes encoding chorismate synthase from salmonella typhi and escherichia coli. | the aroc genes from salmonella typhi and escherichia coli, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate phospholyase (chorismate synthase) were cloned in e. coli and their dna sequences were determined. the aroc gene from s. typhi was isolated from a cosmid gene bank by complementation of an e. coli aroc mutant. the corresponding e. coli gene was isolated from a pbr322 gene bank by colony hybridization using dna encoding the aroc gene from s. typhi as a hybridization probe. analysis of the nucleo ... | 1990 | 2182772 |
| cluster of antibiotic-resistant salmonella enteritidis infections in the central african republic. | salmonella enteritidis strains which are multiply resistant to antimicrobial agents were isolated from the blood of 12 patients hospitalized at the institut pasteur of bangui, central african republic, during a 4.5-month period. the lack of gas production in kligler-hajna medium initially suggested salmonella typhi, but isolates were confirmed as unusual s. enteritidis strains. the occurrence of these unique strains in an unusual site of infection may indicate an epidemic due to an unusually inv ... | 1990 | 2185263 |
| inhibition of the growth of enteropathogenic bacilli by bacteriocins produced by micro-organisms from the sediment of wells. | the bacterial flora of the sediment of 20 wells of water for human consumption in the rural area of the vii region in chile was examined. fourteen strains of bacteria, from different wells, produced bacteriocins which inhibited the growth of salmonella typhi, salm. typhimurium, shigella sonnei and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. about 50% of these strains contained plasmids of different molecular weight and a large number of these codified for bacteriocins. the results suggest what is required ... | 1990 | 2187848 |
| expression of host resistance to salmonella typhi and salmonella typhimurium: bacterial survival within macrophages of murine and human origin. | cell-association of various strains of salmonella typhi and salmonella typhimurium with different populations of macrophages was studied. macrophages were infected, exposed to gentamicin, washed, and counts of viable bacteria protected from gentamicin killing were made. j774a.1 cells, a continuous macrophage-like cell line, were the most permissive, all strains tested achieving similar high recoveries. virulent s. typhimurium 779c-sms, but not avirulent s. typhimurium 779c-smd, survived well in ... | 1990 | 2190062 |
| construction of a bivalent oral vaccine for prevention of typhoid fever and cholera diarrhea. | a recombinant plasmid pmm-ctb containing the gene for production of the nontoxic b subunit of vibrio cholera was transferred into a safe, effective and attenuated oral vaccine ty21a strain of salmonella typhi. the resulting ty21a (pmm-ctb) could steadily produce ct-b subunit that was secreted extracellularly and had the same antigenicity as ct-b produced by v. cholera. furthermore, the characteristics of the antigenicity, the persistance in mice and the galactose sensitivity possessed in the str ... | 1990 | 2190570 |
| clinico-bacteriological study of salmonella meningitis. | | 1990 | 2193885 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequences of livb and livc, the structural genes encoding binding proteins of the high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport in salmonella typhimurium. | the liv gene cluster responsible for encoding the high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport proteins in salmonella typhimurium was mapped in the 7.6-kilobase hindiii-saci segment of plasmid pmn12 by utilizing the gene dosage effect. by subcloning and biochemical analysis, the livb and livc structural genes encoding the leucine-, isoleucine-, valine-, threonine-binding protein (livt-bp) and the leucine-specific binding protein (l-bp), respectively, were localized within the 3,617-base hin ... | 1990 | 2193932 |
| stable salmonella live vaccine strains with two or more attenuating mutations and any desired level of attenuation. | mutants optimally attenuated for highly susceptible hosts and protecting after a single oral vaccination are often overattenuated for host species being less susceptible. therefore, to select vaccine strains optimally attenuated for the particular host species it is essential that a range of mutants with graded levels of attenuation be provided so as to permit lesser susceptibility to be compensated for by a correspondingly lower level of attenuation. this, while guaranteeing the stability throu ... | 1990 | 2194381 |
| specific inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in murine macrophages mediated by salmonella typhimurium infection. | phagosome-lysosome fusion in murine macrophages infected with s. typhimurium lt2 or s. typhi 1079 was investigated. fusion of phagosome containing s. typhimurium lt2 with lysosome was markedly impaired, whereas s. typhi 1079 did not inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in murine macrophages. a similar inhibition of fusion was observed with lps-deficient mutants of s. typhimurium lt2, suggesting that o-antigens do not contribute to the inhibition of fusion. phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages a ... | 1990 | 2196071 |
| molecular cloning and physical and functional characterization of the salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhi galactose utilization operons. | the chromosomally encoded galactose utilization (gal) operons of salmonella typhimurium and s. typhi were each cloned on similar 5.5-kilobase hindiii fragments into pbr322 and were identified by complementation of gal- escherichia coli strains. restriction endonuclease analyses indicated that these salmonellae operons share considerable homology, but some heterogeneities in restriction sites were observed. subcloning and exonuclease mapping experiments showed that both operons have the same gene ... | 1990 | 2198256 |
| detection of salmonella typhi carriers in food handlers by vi serology in lima, peru. | the work described here sought to assess the merits of using an indirect hemagglutination test employing highly purified vi antigen to screen a high-risk population for chronic s. typhi carriers in lima, peru. a total of 1,931 female food handlers over 30 years old were enrolled in the study. indirect hemagglutination tests performed on these subjects' sera, taking a titer of 1:40 or more as positive, yielded 29 positive results. subsequent bacteriologic testing performed on 26 of these 29 subje ... | 1990 | 2198973 |
| [a simple method for the isolation of immunoglobulin (y) from the eggs of immunized hens]. | hens were vaccinated with salmonella typhi-murium and with serum-igg from a goat. antibodies (igy) were isolated from the eggs by ammonium sulphate precipitation. the concentration of egg antibodies was equal or superior to the concentration of serum antibodies of the hen. the longlasting antibody plateau of 9 and 28 weeks, respectively, provides evidence of the high yields of specific igy which can be collected from a single immunized hen. | 1990 | 2200226 |
| [morphological changes caused by the dermonecrosis factor of the causative agents of cholera and various other intestinal infections]. | intra- or subepithelial focal purulent inflammation with necrosis of exudating leucocytes during 1-2 days is developed in consequence of intradermal injection of the living cholera vibrios, cultured on membrane agar, or their supernatants. sometimes coagulative necrosis of cover epithelium arises without preliminary purulent inflammation stage from the very beginning. intradermal injection of living cholera vibrios leads to the development of coagulative necrotic foci in derma too. the vascular ... | 1990 | 2201411 |
| studies in volunteers to evaluate candidate shigella vaccines: further experience with a bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine and protection conferred by previous shigella sonnei disease. | a bivalent vaccine consisting of salmonella typhi strain ty21a containing the 120 mda plasmid of shigella sonnei and expressing both s. typhi and s. sonnei lipopolysaccharides (lps) on its surface was previously shown to protect significantly against s. sonnei disease in experimental challenge studies. however, protective efficacy could not be reconfirmed in volunteers with five subsequent lots of vaccine. one vaccine lot which resembled the initial protective lots of vaccine in biochemical and ... | 1990 | 2204243 |
| plants used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. | gastrointestinal disorders are important causes of morbidity in developing countries. natural healing is the traditional way of treating these diseases in guatemala. ethnobotanical surveys and literature reviews showed that 385 plants from 95 families are used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. the activity of 84 of the most commonly used plants was screened in vitro against five enterobacteria pathogenic to man (enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidi ... | 1990 | 2214824 |
| [the similarity of the biological effects from the parenteral administration of ascarid antigenic complexes and salmonella typhi endotoxins]. | the experiment with rabbits showed that it was basically possible to develop local and generalized shwartzman's phenomenon under the combined effect of ascaris antigens and typhoid bacterial endotoxins. intracutaneous (0.2 ml.) or intravenous (0.1 ml/kg) sensitization of animals by ascaris antigens or microbe endotoxins after repeated intravenous crossover, intravenous injection of the antigens used to result in the development of classical local and generalized shwartzman's phenomenon. | 1990 | 2215371 |
| successful aztreonam treatment of acute typhoid fever after chloramphenicol failure. | aztreonam treatment was successful in 4 cases of typhoid fever. the patients were seriously ill with growth of salmonella typhi in blood cultures despite treatment with chloramphenicol. aztreonam appears to be a useful alternative to standard therapy of typhoid fever. | 1990 | 2218413 |
| [diarrhea acquired abroad--traveller's diarrhea. admissions to medical department c, odense hospital, during the period 1977-1988]. | a total of 106 out of 267 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis to medical department c, odense hospital, during the period 1977-1988 had acquired the condition abroad. this group was investigated retrospectively. during the period of investigation, the number of patients with "traveller's diarrhoea" increased but compurized constantly approximately 40% of the patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis. the patients were investigated routinely for pathogenic intestinal bacteria and para ... | 1990 | 2219516 |
| comparison of methods for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. | over five years the bactec radiometric blood culture method yielded salmonella typhi in 41 of 45 confirmed cases of typhoid fever, 90% of which were from the first culture set taken. blood clot culture was positive in 18 (41%) of 44 confirmed cases and stool culture in 24 (59%) of 41. the yield from 2189 widal clot cultures was only 0.03%. there were 68 positive results in 2258 unpaired widal tests: 23 of them were falsely positive and 13 falsely negative, but in 11 out of 68 cases the widal was ... | 1990 | 2229436 |
| undetectable anti-bacterial activity of andrographis paniculata (burma) wall. ex ness. | andrographis paniculata (burma) wall. ex ness (ap) is a herbal medicine and has been used for therapy of upper respiratory tract infection (uri) as well as acute diarrhea with reported efficacy of 75-100 per cent. to investigate whether anti-bacterial activity was responsible for the reported therapeutic success of ap, we carried out a number of studies. the first study was a direct assay of anti-bacterial activity of ap suspended in water. the tested pathogens included salmonella, shigella, e.c ... | 1990 | 2230623 |
| [cross-reacting antigens of opisthorchis felineus and salmonella typhi and their possible effect on the clinical course of typhoid fever]. | the experiments on rabbits immunized with a complex o. felineus antigen and spirit abdominal typhoid vaccine enriched with vi-antigen, as well as studies on patients with chronic opisthorchiasis and bacterial carriers of s. typhi have established the presence of cross-reacting antigens in abdominal typhoid and opisthorchiasis pathogens. it is suggested that these antigens play an essential role in the development and outcome of abdominal typhoid secondary to chronic opisthorchiasis invasion. | 1990 | 2233535 |
| antimicrobial activity of naphthoquinones from fusaria. | twenty-two naphthoquinone compounds isolated or derived synthetically from culture extracts of fusarium solani and f. oxysporum were examined for antimicrobial activity. fifteen exhibited antibiotic activity against staphylococcus aureus, and 12 were active against streptococcus pyogenes, but none were active at the highest rate of 128 micrograms/ml against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhi, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. of 8 plant path ... | 1990 | 2233983 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the aroa gene from salmonella typhi encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase. | | 1990 | 2235501 |
| quinolone antibiotics in the treatment of salmonella infections. | the 4-fluoroquinolones are a new class of antimicrobial agents that possess broad in vitro antibacterial activity, including efficacy against enteric pathogens such as salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, yersinia, and vibrio species. these drugs are clinically effective against both drug-sensitive and multiresistant strains of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi that cause enteric fever. in salmonella enterocolitis, the quinolones--unlike older antimicrobial agents that may have little im ... | 1990 | 2237130 |
| the use of a coagglutination test to presumptively identify salmonella typhi in bone marrow-oxgall medium cultures from typhoid fever patients. | a study was conducted to test a coagglutination procedure for detection of salmonella typhi in bone marrow cultures from suspected typhoid patients admitted to friendship hospital, jakarta, indonesia. the results of the coagglutination tests were compared to the results from standard cultural isolation and identification. bone marrow aspirates (356) were cultured in oxgall medium and aliquots subcultured daily for 7 days while simultaneously testing for the presence of salmonella group d and vi ... | 1990 | 2237587 |
| the monitoring of foodhandlers in papua new guinea. | in early 1987 guidelines were re-enforced for pre-employment medicals and 6-monthly health checks on foodhandlers in the ok tedi mining project in papua new guinea. the health monitoring program was stepped up as a result of two typhoid cases imported from the highlands and catering subcontractors failing to comply with the necessary pre-placement medicals for foodhandlers. highlanders made up 28% (49/174) of the ok tedi catering department's workforce in 1987. the initial screen of 155 foodhand ... | 1990 | 2238835 |
| [a comprehensive evaluation of the biological properties of the causative agents of typhoid fever isolated from patients and carriers]. | the biological properties of 106 s. typhi cultures were studied; of these, 59 cultures were isolated from 45 chronic carriers and 47 cultures, from 23 typhoid fever patients. according to the degree of their virulence (cpd50 in the continuous cell-line culture hep-2), the strains isolated from the patients were more virulent than those isolated from the chronic carriers. the mean value of lg cpd50 was 5.76 +/- 0.04 for the patients and 6.86 +/- 0.03 for the chronic carriers. the strains isolated ... | 1990 | 2251886 |
| [correlation between iga from colostrum and serum and iga is closer than between salivary iga and total iga]. | colostrum, serum and saliva were simultaneously obtained from 50 normal mothers. 19-45 years old, 36-72 hours post-delivery. total iga level and class-iga antibodies against 3 common food antigens (lactoglobulin, gliadin and ovalbumin) and 4 types of salmonella (typhi, paratyphi a, b and c) were determined in all samples. the 7 antibodies (ab) were detected in colostrum, by elisa, in a higher percentage of samples (88-62%), than in serum (82-34%) and saliva (77-27%). these percentages were highe ... | 1990 | 2252283 |
| the efficacy and safety of pefloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever in algeria. | the efficacy and safety of pefloxacin 400 mg twice daily for seven days in the treatment of typhoid fever was investigated in an open, non-comparative study involving 37 patients infected with salmonella typhi. between day 5 and the end of treatment, all patients showed clinical improvement. the clinical cure rate at the end of the treatment period was 89.2%. one month after the end of treatment, the final assessment showed a clinical cure rate of 94.6% with relapses occurring in only two patien ... | 1990 | 2258347 |
| [typhoid fever with intestinal hemorrhage, drug-induced fever, dic, ards and psychiatric disorder (a case report)]. | a 40-year-old poor nutritional japanese male was admitted to our hospital on june 5, 1989, with a 31-day history of fever. he had been working as a crew member of a ship in south east asia. salmonella typhi was isolated from his blood culture. in the course of the disease, intestinal hemorrhage, drug-induced fever and liver dysfunction, dic, ards, and psychiatric disorder were identified. intestinal hemorrhage occurred after the coagulation test became normal, so it was thought that the intestin ... | 1990 | 2258653 |
| high efficiency transformation of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhi by electroporation. | salmonella typhimurium and s. typhi were transformed with high efficiency by electroporation. transformation efficiencies of up to 10(10) transformants per microgram of pbr322 were obtained. in contrast to chemical transformation methods, neither the smooth lipopolysaccharide of s. typhimurium nor the vi capsular polysaccharide of s. typhi greatly affected transformation efficiency. the introduction of a ga1e mutation slightly improved transformation efficiency in s. typhimurium (less than tenfo ... | 1990 | 2259337 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children from alabang, metro manila. | the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) was identified in 235 (43.8%) of 537 hospitalized children less than 5 years of age. clinical evidence of measles was found in 258 (48.0%) patients, of whom 59 had a second viral infection. a viral agent was identified in an additional 121 patients, so that a total of 379 (70.6%) had viral infections. after measles, respiratory syncytial virus was the most common respiratory virus. bacteremia was noted in 72 children (13.4%), occurri ... | 1990 | 2270415 |
| a one-step two-particle latex immunoassay for the detection of salmonella typhi endotoxin. | a simple and rapid test (limm, short for latex immunoassay) is described for detecting salmonella typhi endotoxin. it involves the simultaneous binding of the antigen by two types of reagent particles contained in a micro-tube: an indicator latex particle coated with a monoclonal antibody specific for the o-9 determinant on the endotoxin, and a magnetic bead coated with another monoclonal antibody specific for a different o-determinant. at the end of-the test, the magnetic beads are sedimented b ... | 1990 | 2273260 |
| bacterial isolates involved in cases of septicaemia in a nigerian hospital. | of the nine hundred and twenty patients clinically diagnosed of having septicaemia at the obafemi awolowo university teaching hospital complex, ile-ife, nigeria between 1980-1987, 233 (25.3%) had blood samples positive by culture. thirteen different bacterial species were identified from positive blood cultures of which six predominated: staphylococcus aureus (30.5%), coliforms (17.6%), klebsiella spp. (14.2%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.2%), escherichia coli (7.9%) and salmonella typhi (5.9%). t ... | 1990 | 2279469 |
| clinical isolate of a porinless salmonella typhi resistant to high levels of chloramphenicol. | we studied a clinical isolate of salmonella typhi (strain 1895) characterized by resistance to 200 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml despite the absence of chloramphenicol-inactivating activity. the outer membrane protein profile analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a deficiency of one of the major protein species which may serve as a porin for entry of chloramphenicol. when the strain was transformed with a plasmid encoding chloramphenicol acetyltra ... | 1990 | 2285283 |
| [treatment of typhoid fever for three days with ceftriaxone]. | due to mass tourism and the exodus of refugees from africa and asia, typhoid fever, common in the tropics, has reappeared in the more temperate climates. the clinical signs of prolonged fever, headache, general malaise, anorexia and abdominal pain are not specific enough to allow diagnosis and only a blood culture will prove the presence of the disease. unless there is resistance, which is in fact rare in southeast asia, chloramphenicol, an effective, well tolerated and cheap antibiotic, remains ... | 1990 | 2286000 |
| treatment of typhoid fever and infectious diarrhoea with ciprofloxacin. | ciprofloxacin and other related fluorinated 4-quinolones have microbiological and pharmacokinetic properties that suggest they could be useful agents in the management of typhoid fever and bacterial gastroenteritis. initial studies confirm that this is the case. against fully sensitive salmonella typhi ciprofloxacin is clinically as effective as chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole. it is also effective treatment for antibiotic-resistant strains which cause epidemic and endemic infection throughout ... | 1990 | 2292545 |
| typhoid fever in the adult and paediatric indian population of durban. | the features of typhoid fever in indian south africans are described. in children the illness was usually uncomplicated. however, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and hypo-albuminaemia were found in both adults and children. the initial symptoms on presentation of diarrhoea and vomiting frequently led to a misdiagnosis of gastro-enteritis. the previous administration of antibiotics also resulted in failure to isolate salmonella typhi in 41% of patients studied. typhoid acquired in the microbiology labo ... | 1990 | 2294605 |
| production of specific monoclonal antibodies to salmonella typhi flagellin and possible application to immunodiagnosis of typhoid fever. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to salmonella typhi flagellin were produced. these mabs did not react with eight other enterobacterial strains tested: salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella paratyphi a, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, yersinia enterocolitica, and campylobacter jejuni. all four mabs cross-reacted with salmonella muenchen flagellin indicating specificity for d antigenic flagellar epitope. one mab (c4) was selected to develop a dou ... | 1990 | 2295860 |
| salmonella osteomyelitis in a hemoglobin sc patient. | | 1990 | 2302908 |
| rheumatoid factor induction in the mouse: sex differences and the effect of the sex steroids. | female cba mice produced a significantly higher plasma rheumatoid factor (rf) response to salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide than did male mice. the peak level in females was observed on day 5-6 after injection and in males on day 7-8. elevated rf levels continued to be detected more than 30 days later. a second injection of lps, 38 days after the first, to assess the secondary response, had no more than an additive effect on plasma rf concentration, although the day of peak response was earl ... | 1990 | 2307579 |
| typhoid fever in pregnancy. a case report. | a pregnant woman was treated for typhoid fever. a consideration of geographic risks and serologic clues helped determine the diagnosis. | 1990 | 2325041 |
| the activation of c3h/hej cells by certain types of lipopolysaccharides. | | 1990 | 2327293 |
| anti-lps region antibody responses and cellular immune responsiveness in typhoid patients. | | 1990 | 2327302 |
| in vivo selection for transmissible drug resistance in salmonella typhi during antimicrobial therapy. | we report the recovery of salmonella typhi that acquired resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin subsequent to multiple antibiotic therapy. escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates which were recovered from the same stool sample displayed identical resistance patterns. agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that s. typhi and laboratory-derived transconjugants contained a high-molecular-weight plasmid present in the resistant intestinal ba ... | 1990 | 2327754 |
| ofloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever unresponsive to chloramphenicol. | chloramphenicol was used to treat confirmed typhoid fever in 50 patients, but 14 patients did not respond to treatment. when their treatment was changed to ofloxacin (400 mg twice daily for six days, followed by 200 mg for eight days, administered orally), all responded. ofloxacin was well tolerated and appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of typhoid fever. | 1990 | 2328527 |
| rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever through identification of salmonella typhi within 18 hours of specimen acquisition by culture of the mononuclear cell-platelet fraction of blood. | detection of salmonella typhi in blood by culture of the mononuclear cell-platelet layer was compared with other methods currently used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. colonies of s. typhi were present in all mononuclear cell-platelet layer-positive cultures within 18 h of plating and were identified within an additional 10 min by a coagglutination technique. in contrast, identification of all positive cultures by conventional blood culture required 3 days. | 1990 | 2332479 |
| [phagocytic capacity of peritoneal exudate cells from rats immunized with a ribosomal preparation of ty2 salmonella typhi]. | it was compared the activity of exudate peritoneal cells (epc) obtained from cfw mice immunized either with salmonella typhi ty2 ribosomal fraction or whole-cell heat inactivated vaccine, both in comparison with epc from sham-immunized. in the group which received ribosomal preparation, a subcutaneous dose equivalent to 100 micrograms of rna in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) was initially used and 14 days after a booster of the same dose in ifa was given. a single dose of whole-cell heat ina ... | 1990 | 2337459 |
| abolished net output of lymphocytes from the spleen after immunization with salmonella typhi h. | cell release from the spleen was studied by comparing the content of mono- and polynuclear leucocytes in splenic afferent and efferent blood. a difference in the content of mononuclear cells was registered in normal animals, indicating a release of such cells from the spleen. immunization with salmonella typhi h antigen reduced this veno-arterial difference and abolished it totally after 11 days. normal values were obtained again 28 days after immunization. the results indicate that the antigen ... | 1990 | 2341201 |
| specific immune responses in typhoid fever & after tab vaccination. | the specific immune responses to salmonella typhi were investigated in 131 patients suffering from typhoid fever and 34 healthy individuals after tab vaccination. a proportion of individuals failed to develop either specific humoral or cell mediated immune responses. about 5 per cent of the patients with natural infection and nearly 9 per cent of the vaccine recipients failed to develop both the responses. frequent reinfection and carrier state, and lack of absolute protection following tab vacc ... | 1990 | 2345018 |
| [an increase in the incidence of tritium-induced leukoses with the repeated administration of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide]. | the incidence of leukoses upon long-term administration of tritium oxide to wistar rats increased by 15.6% as compared to 2.1% in controls. the repeated injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide caused a 2.3-fold increase in the occurrence of hemoblastosis induced by the radionuclide mainly due to the increase in the proliferative activity of haemopoietic precursors because of the increased demand for mature cells. | 1990 | 2349378 |
| prevalence of salmonella typhi o and h antibodies in the serum of infants and preschool children. | | 1990 | 2351452 |
| typhoid fever below five years. | during a seven year period (1981-87), 53 cases of typhoid fever in children below five years were seen. this accounted for 13.5% of all typhoid admission in pediatrics during the above period. predominant symptoms were fever (100%), vomiting (52.8%), diarrhea (30.2%) and anorexia (24.5%). chills and rigor associated with fever was noticed in 38% of the children. salmonella typhi was isolated from blood in 22 of 53 (41.7%) cases. a significant finding on peripheral smear was eosinopenia (86.8%). ... | 1990 | 2361759 |
| hemolytic--uremic syndrome associated with salmonella typhi. | | 1990 | 2361768 |
| specific immune response in humans following rectal delivery of live typhoid vaccine. | the specific immune responses to the live vaccine salmonella typhi ty21a following rectal administration were determined in serum, peripheral blood lymphocytes, saliva and in jejunal fluid of adult human subjects. following vaccination, all seven subjects had a detectable anti-typhoid iga antibody response using their peripheral blood lymphocytes (p = 0.009). significant rises in postvaccination anti-typhoid iga antibody were observed in the jejunal fluid (p = 0.033), serum (p = 0.010) and saliv ... | 1990 | 2363299 |
| in vitro characterization of salmonella typhi mutant strains for live oral vaccines. | several salmonella typhi attenuated mutant strains, suggested as candidates for live oral vaccine, were examined for their characteristics in vitro in comparison with parental strains ty2 and cdc10-80. three methods were used: interaction of bacteria with the human monocyte-macrophage u937 cell line evaluated by microscopic examination, bacterial growth in the cell culture medium estimated by absorbance and bacterial resistance to human plasma assessed by the viable count technique. the most inf ... | 1990 | 2363303 |
| [the effect of immunostimulants on the resistance of white mice to the causative agent of typhoid fever]. | the influence of prodigiosan, salmosan, polyribonate and levamisole on the body nonspecific and specific resistance to s. typhi strain 4446 has been studied. prodigiosan and salmosan have proved to be the most effective. the injection of these compounds simultaneously with typhoid vaccine (both chemical adsorbed vaccine and alcohol-treated vaccine, enriched with vi-antigen) significantly increases the survival rate of immunized animals (by 35-45%), elevates the resistance index (1.5- to 2.3-fold ... | 1990 | 2385993 |
| [the relationship of antibody formation in immunization against typhoid fever to the acetylation phenotype]. | the study of the dynamics of specific antibody formation in response to immunization against typhoid fever with adsorbed chemical vaccine t in its relationship to the phenotype of acetylation has yielded results characterizing a considerable variability of immune response simultaneously with the definite type of modification of parameter a. | 1990 | 2385994 |
| heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharide phenotype among salmonella typhi strains. | comparison of the vi antigen, lipopolysaccharide, and protein components of the cell surface of three strains of salmonella typhi showed that differences in lipopolysaccharide contributed most to distinctions in serum survival, whereas differences in vi antigen content had no apparent effect. | 1990 | 2388001 |
| s. typhi infection of hydatid cyst. | | 1990 | 2394478 |
| antibody-secreting cells in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of an oral vaccine. | the immune response to different dosage schedules of oral live salmonella typhi ty21a vaccines was studied by enumeration of specific antibody-secreting cells (asc) in the peripheral blood believed to have been stimulated by the vaccine antigen on mucosal surfaces and to be on their way back to those sites for local antibody secretion. four groups of subjects were vaccinated with either three (3 x s), two (2 x s) or one (1 x s) dose of a suspension-formulated vaccine, or with three doses of vacc ... | 1990 | 2396471 |
| an unusual late manifestation of a salmonella typhi infection. | we report the case history of a patient in whom we diagnosed purulent lymphadenitis due to salmonella typhi, a late complication of a febris typhoidea that occurred 11 yr previously. we also review the literature concerning complications of salmonella infections, and particularly discuss their hematogenous spread and lodgment. | 1990 | 2404407 |
| comparative efficacies of aztreonam and chloramphenicol in children with typhoid fever. | we compared aztreonam with chloramphenicol in a randomized trial involving the treatment of 36 children with typhoid fever. eighteen children were randomized to receive aztreonam, 150 mg/kg/day intravenously, and 18 to receive chloramphenicol, 100 mg/kg/day orally. on entry in the study the clinical characteristics of the two treatment groups were comparable. the duration of therapy was 14.9 +/- 3.6 days for the aztreonam group and 12.8 +/- 2.6 days for the chloramphenicol group. the mean durati ... | 1990 | 2405349 |
| [antigenic structure of salmonella l forms studied by an immunoferritin method]. | the antigenic structure of the l-forms of salmonellae (s. typhimurium and s. typhi) in comparison with that of the initial bacterial cultures and revertant cultures was studied with the use of the immunoferritin method. the l-forms of salmonellae were found to retain an insignificant amount of o-antigen, as well as to have k-antigen on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane, but in a lesser amount than the initial strains. in the cultures reverting from the l-forms of s. typhimurium and s. typh ... | 1985 | 2409718 |
| selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. xx. typhoid fever. | the incidence of typhoid fever remains unacceptably high in developing countries. because salmonella typhi is disseminated by carriers, there is an urgent need to increase the rate of detection of carriers and to decrease the risk they pose to their communities. in urban areas where sewage disposal is lacking or inadequate, public water supplies are contaminated and typhoid fever is common. the contamination of food by carriers is the second commonest route of infection. water purification proce ... | 1985 | 2412272 |
| immunological study of pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular slime. | crude extracellular slime (c-es) was isolated from 15 laboratory strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. glycolypoprotein (glp) was prepared from partially purified c-es by the phenol treatment method. lipopolysaccharides (lps) were isolated from p. aeruginosa and salmonella typhi-murium. some correlation has been found between the quantity of the produced c-es and virulence of p. aeruginosa for mice. toxicity (ld50 value) and the yield of glp did not correlate with the strain virulence. c-es and glp ... | 1985 | 2412390 |
| diagnostic value of a single widal test. | the widal test was performed on 90 blood specimens from typhoid fever patients, on 21 blood specimens from nontyphoid salmonellosis patients and on 46 nontyphoid febrile patients. of 90 typhoid fever patients, 58 (64.4%) had h agglutinin titer of 1:160 or more and 55 (61.1%) had o agglutinin titer of 1:160 or more. salmonella typhi h and/or o titer of 1:160 or more occurred in 70 (77.8%) of 90 typhoid fever patients and in 5 (23.8%) of 21 nontyphoid salmonellosis. only one of the 46 (2.2%) nonty ... | 1985 | 2417786 |
| native and chemically modified porin channels from salmonella typhi ty2 in planar lipid bilayers. | native porins, from salmonella typhi ty2 outer membrane, and porins alkylated with pyridoxal phosphate (plp) were studied in planar lipid bilayers. the conductance of bilayers exposed to native or chemically modified porins increases in discrete jumps. conductance histograms for native porins displayed two major peaks at 1.7 and 6.7 ns (in 0.5 m kcl). on the other hand, plp-treated porins exhibited a single major peak at 1 ns. the relation between bilayer conductance and native porin concentrati ... | 1986 | 2419162 |
| comparison of passive haemagglutination test with widal agglutination test for serological diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area. | a passive haemagglutination test, using sheep red blood cells sensitised with salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide, was compared with the widal test for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area. the results obtained on sera from 152 patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid and 183 patients who did not have typhoid were analysed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and rapidity of the respective tests. the passive haemagglutination test was found to be mo ... | 1986 | 2424936 |
| safety and immunogenicity of two salmonella typhi vi capsular polysaccharide vaccines. | | 1986 | 2425009 |
| [macrophage participation in the polyclonal and specific response to t-independent antigen in vitro]. | effect of adherent cells (macrophages on synthesis of total immunoglobulins (ig) and specific antibody (ab) in mice spleen cell culture stimulated by vi-antigen salmonella typhi has been studied. ig and ab in culture medium were determined by elisa technique 96 hours after introducing the antigen into cell culture. the adsorption of analysed samples and reference antiserum on antigen coated microplates at ph 3.5 results in reducing nonspecific protein adsorption and promotes quantitative analysi ... | 1986 | 2429714 |
| serological diagnosis of typhoid fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | serum sample from 22 bacteriologically proved cases of typhoid fever, 41 febrile cases who were culture negative and 70 sick and healthy age-matched controls were tested for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) igg and igm antibodies using salmonella typhi lps antigen. igg and igm antibodies were present in 72.7% and 81.8% respectively as against widal test which was positive in 40.9% in proved cases. in febrile controls igg and igm elisa antibodies were present in 80.4% and 60.9% respectiv ... | 1986 | 2430509 |
| prevention of shigellosis by a salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei bivalent vaccine. | we genetically modified attenuated salmonella typhi strain ty21a to express the form i o polysaccharide antigen of shigella sonnei. three doses of this bivalent, live oral vaccine strain (1-8 x 10(9) organisms/dose) were given to young adults who, along with unvaccinated controls, were challenged one month later with pathogenic s. sonnei. the vaccinees had 40% protection against diarrhea and 56% against hematest-positive diarrhea. two of three vaccine lots provided higher levels of protection (5 ... | 1987 | 2437220 |
| an ultrastructural study of hela cell invasion with salmonella typhi gifu 10007. | scanning electron micrograph of hela s3 monolayered cells, inoculated with viable bacteria of a salmonella typhi strain gifu 10007, revealed that the extended microvilli tangled the bacteria within 10 min after inoculation. the micrographs of hela cells, at 1 hr after inoculation, indicate the following: shortening of bacterium-attached microvilli, subsiding of tangled bacteria into microvilli bush, and then attachment of bacterial soma to cell surface making the cell membrane depressed. the tra ... | 1987 | 2438540 |
| [changes in the sorption of the antigens of the causative agent of typhoid on erythrocytes in the dynamic immune response]. | the study of the adsorption capacity of erythrocytes in 4 strains of mice was made. according to the results of the determination of the background capacity of erythrocytes, the strains of mice, opposite with respect to the sorption of s. typhi vi- and o-antigens, were selected. after the immunization of these mice with the killed culture of s. typhi, the process of the sorption of the antigen on erythrocytes showed a characteristic kinetics. the course of immune response was characterized by sp ... | 1987 | 2438866 |
| systemic and intestinal immunities after natural typhoid infection. | a 2-year study of systemic and intestinal immunity to salmonella typhi was performed in 14 patients who were suffering from typhoid fever in an attempt to extrapolate the mechanism of immune responses in this disease. the methods employed were the leukocyte migration inhibition agarose test for the measurement of systemic cell-mediated immunity. the systemic immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm that were specific to s. typhi and anti-o and anti-h agglutinins were measured by indirect enzyme-linked imm ... | 1987 | 2439536 |
| detection of salmonella typhi 'o' antigen by counter-immuno-electrophoresis. | | 1987 | 2441039 |
| [effect of pha on immune response of rabbits to s. typhoid "o" antigen]. | | 1987 | 2442090 |
| a sulfhydryl-rich igm protein with multiple serological specificities. | a monoclonal igm lambda protein from a patient (e.t.) suffering from a lymphocytic lymphoma agglutinated salmonella typhi bacteria and uncoated acryl particles. the antigenic determinant on salmonella typhi bacteria was found to be 0-12 (alpha-d-galp-(1-2)-alpha-d-manp) while the structure on acryl particles recognized by igm et has not been defined. both binding sites for bacteria and acryl particle determinants are localized on the same igm molecule. the uncommon affinity of this igm protein f ... | 1987 | 2443287 |
| immunoblot analysis of salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (lps) using typhoid sera. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella typhi has been analyzed by immunoblotting with pooled sera from typhoid patients. pooled typhoid sera have recognized all the antigenic determinants of s. typhi lps, giving a strong reaction with the repeating units on the o-side chains as well as with the core region. cross-reacting antigens have been observed with the lps of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis, while no heterologous reactions were seen with the lps of e. coli strains. | 1987 | 2444235 |
| repression of alpha 2-macroglobulin and stimulation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor synthesis in human mononuclear phagocytes by endotoxin. | mononuclear phagocytes are a bone-marrow-derived subgroup of white blood cells which circulate as monocytes and, after differentiation into macrophages, become resident in many tissues. by synthesizing the important proteinase inhibitors alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor mononuclear phagocytes contribute to the control of proteolysis both in blood and tissues. applying a culture system which enables human blood monocytes to differentiate into macrophages in vitro, synthesis ... | 1987 | 2445565 |
| [solid-phase method of immunoradiometric determination of the o antigen of salmonella typhi]. | the solid-phase variant of radioimmunoassay for the determination of s. typhi o-antigen has been developed. the sensitivity of this method is 0.1 microgram/ml of the antigen in the blood serum of patients. the study of a number of blood serum samples collected from patients with typhoid fever has confirmed the possibility of using this method in clinical practice. | 1987 | 2446446 |
| [isolation and study of active peptides in salmonella h antigens]. | the monomer forms of salmonella h-antigens a, b, d, i, 1, 2 have both specific antigenic determinants, characteristic of each h-antigen, and common determinants. the presence of two types of determinant groups leads to the appearance of cross reactions in the enzyme immunoassay. in this work the method for the isolation of peptides carrying only specific antigenic determinants is proposed. | 1987 | 2446454 |
| o-antigen variation in salmonella spp.: rfb gene clusters of three strains. | the o antigens of salmonella serogroups a, b, and d differ structurally in their side-chain sugar residue. these genes encoding o-antigen biosynthesis are clustered in the rfb operon. we report here the molecular cloning and analysis of the rfb operons of salmonella paratyphi a (serogroup a) and s. typhi (serogroup d). the regions of dna nonhomology between the rfb operons of these serogroup a, b, and d representatives are identified, and the evolutionary derivation of serogroup a from a serogro ... | 1988 | 2447059 |
| [development and use of an immunoenzyme test system for determining s. typhi antigens in the blood of patients with typhoid fever]. | | 1988 | 2451077 |
| [determination of o and vi antigens in typhoid fever in the slide coagglutination reaction]. | investigations with a view to the development and trial of a slide coagglutination test system for the detection of specific salmonella typhi antigens have been made. as a result, diagnostic agents with sensitivity to group d salmonella lipopolysaccharides and vi-antigen, equal to 1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-6) g/l, have been obtained. specimens of saliva, urine and fecal filtrates from 61 adult patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever and 54 practically healthy persons have been studie ... | 1988 | 2452530 |
| [immunomodulating activity of rna mononucleotides]. | the immunological action of rna mononucleotides was studied in animal experiments. the most pronounced activation of macrophagal glycolysis urea cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, lysosomal hydrolases was induced by uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-ump) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-gmp); 5'-gmp also induced the maximum increase of the expression of fc gamma receptors. 5'-ump ensured cell activation comparable with the total action of all mononucleotides. 5'-ump and 5'-gmp, used in combination, ... | 1988 | 2452537 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of the 36 kdal salmonella typhi porin gene in escherichia coli. | a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for the 36 kdal porin of salmonella typhi has been identified in a cosmid library of s. typhi propagated in escherichia coli. the recombinant clone was identified by its ability to endow e. coli with susceptibility to porin specific phages, and by the appearance in the outer membrane of e. coli containing the clone of a new protein of 36 kdal. while the porin confers upon a porinless mutant of e. coli an increased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotic ... | 1987 | 2462154 |
| [latent persistence of specific antigens of the causative agent in the composition of circulating immune complexes in typhoid fever]. | this study revealed the presence of o-antigen of group d salmonellae and vi-antigen in circulating immune complexes in patients with typhoid fever, bacteriologically confirmed (56 +/- 5.6% and 65 +/- 5.4% of cases, respectively) and not confirmed (15.5 +/- 5% and 39 +/- 7% of cases, respectively), in patients with diarrhea of nontyphoid etiology in the presence of negative results of the coagglutination test and in healthy persons. the level and dynamics of circulating immune complexes were esta ... | 1988 | 2462771 |
| the development of a bivalent vaccine against diarrhoeal disease. | the live oral typhoid vaccine salmonella typhi ty2la has been successfully used as an effective public health tool for the control of typhoid fever. this paper reviews the progress of one vaccine development programme, which uses this organism as a carrier of the o-antigens of vibrio cholerae. it is already known that antibodies directed against the o-antigens have been previously demonstrated in animals to be protective against subsequent challenge with virulent organisms. this paper reports th ... | 1988 | 2464195 |
| monoclonal antibodies delineate multiple epitopes on the o antigens of salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide. | fifteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against salmonella typhi were produced and characterized. the specificities of the antibodies were determined by their binding patterns in an enzyme immunoassay, with a panel of lipopolysaccharides isolated from different bacteria. seven mabs reacted with s. typhi, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella dublin (all belonging to serogroup d). one mab also reacted with salmonella paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b. five mabs reacted with s. typhi, s. enter ... | 1988 | 2466868 |
| [diagnostic importance of various methods of determining infectious o-antigenemia in patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fevers a and b]. | altogether 181 patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever (54 with typhoid fever, 50 with paratyphoid fever type a, and 77 with paratyphoid fever type b) were investigated. of them 108 (59.7%) patients were examined during the 1st week of disease. serum specific o-antigens of typhoid and paratyphoid fever agents were determined by enzyme immunoassay (eia), radioimmunoassay (ria), and o-aggregate hemagglutination reaction (o-aha), serum specific o-antibodies were determined by rdha, eia, ria or ... | 1988 | 2467391 |
| [protective properties of vi-antigen preparations as dependent on their adhesin content]. | adhesins contained in the preparation of vi-antigen have been found to enhance its immunogenic and protective properties. in the preparations of vi-antigen obtained from salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii the presence of two antigenic determinants has been revealed. one of them is associated with the vi-receptor and the other determinant, with adhesin. both determinants take part in the protection of mice from salmonella infection. | 1988 | 2469269 |
| feeding by mucin and intestinal growth of some enteric bacterial pathogens. | enteroinvasive escherichia coli, salmonella typhi-murium, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, as well as e. coli k-12 show dose dependent growth in minimal medium completed with purified hog gastric "granular mucin". this ability is based on alpha-galactosidase production: defective, melibiose (and galactose) non-fermenting k-12 mutant were unable to utilize mucin. the viability of the parent k-12 strain in the cecal content of mice is significantly higher than that of its mel- mutant phenotype. ... | 1988 | 2469280 |
| endotoxin abolishes the induction of alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis in cultured human monocytes indicating inhibition of the terminal monocyte maturation into macrophages. | monocytes were prepared from human blood and allowed to differentiate into macrophages in vitro. synthesis and secretion of the potent proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin is strongly induced during maturation of monocytes into macrophages establishing alpha 2-macroglobulin as a differentiation marker protein. when the monocytes were incubated with endotoxin (s. typhi) in a concentration as low as 100 ng/ml, induction of alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis was completely abolished indicating i ... | 1988 | 2469307 |
| ribosomal rna gene restriction patterns provide increased sensitivity for typing salmonella typhi strains. | to date, epidemiologic associations among strains of salmonella typhi are based exclusively on phage typing, which may be of limited value if a common phage type is involved. analysis of ribosomal rna gene restriction patterns allows separation of most independently isolated strains of identical phage types. the sensitivity of the method is dependent on the restriction enzymes used to digest chromosomal dna. it was highest for psti, which separated 16 of 20 strains that belonged to 8 phage types ... | 1989 | 2471748 |
| a simple adherence test for detection of igm antibodies in typhoid. | a simple adherence test to detect igm antibodies in patients with typhoid is described. the test utilises the igm-"capture" approach, in which the test serum is applied to microtitration plate wells previously coated with anti-human igm, followed by application of a stained salmonella typhi antigen suspension which shows adherence in positive cases. by this test, 58 (95%) of 61 sera from confirmed cases of typhoid possessed igm antibodies to the h or o or both antigens of s. typhi. in patients f ... | 1989 | 2473209 |
| [the neutrophil receptor apparatus in typhoid fever]. | in 157 typhoid fever patients and 36 practically healthy persons the content of neutrophils forming complement-dependent rosettes (neac rosette-forming cells), as well as rosettes with sheep red blood cells (ne rosette-forming cells) and with typhoid erythrocyte diagnosticum (ns rosette-forming cells), has been studied. the data obtained in this investigation indicate that antigen-binding neutrophils play an active functional role in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever at its acute stage. the valu ... | 1989 | 2476899 |
| detection of typhoid fever by widal and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests. a comparative study. | widal test is a conventional method for the detection of typhoid fever. however, it takes 18-24 hours to complete the test. in the present study indirect fluorescent antibody test has been compared with the widal test using single serum specimens and was found to be rapid, sensitive and specific. serum specimens from 41 culture proven cases of typhoid fever, 14 clinically suspected cases and 22 normal individuals were collected. whereas widal test detected 63.41% positive cases, ifa test detecte ... | 1989 | 2478615 |
| an evaluation of the widal test in the diagnosis of enteric fever. | there are no universally applicable criteria for the serological diagnosis of enteric fever. limited statistical analysis of the widal test could not confirm its usefulness as a diagnostic tool in the gambia. | 1989 | 2478724 |