| increasing rates of salmonella paratyphi a and the current status of its vaccine development. | enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi is still a major disease burden mainly in developing countries. previously, s. typhi was believed to be the major cause of enteric fever. the real situation is now becoming clear with reports emerging from many asian countries of s. paratyphi, mostly s. paratyphi a, causing a substantial number of cases of enteric fever. although there have been advances in the use of the currently available typho ... | 2013 | 24053396 |
| isolation and characterization of a rare waterborne lytic phage of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b. | a lytic phage of salmonella serovar paratyphi b, named φspb, was isolated from surface waters of the pavana river in india. phage φspb is a member of the podoviridae family and is morphologically similar to the 7-11 phages of the c3 morphotype of tailed phages, characterized by a very long, cigar-shaped head. the head measured approximately 153 × 57 nm, and the tail size was 12 × 7 nm. the phage was stable over a wide range of ph (4-9) and temperature (4-40 °c). the adsorption rate constant was ... | 2013 | 23647344 |
| o:2-crm(197) conjugates against salmonella paratyphi a. | enteric fevers remain a common and serious disease, affecting mainly children and adolescents in developing countries. salmonella enterica serovar typhi was believed to cause most enteric fever episodes, but several recent reports have shown an increasing incidence of s. paratyphi a, encouraging the development of a bivalent vaccine to protect against both serovars, especially considering that at present there is no vaccine against s. paratyphi a. the o-specific polysaccharide (o:2) of s. paraty ... | 2012 | 23144798 |
| cross-reactive gut-directed immune response against salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a and b in typhoid fever and after oral ty21a typhoid vaccination. | there are no vaccines against paratyphoid fever in clinical use. the disease has become more wide-spread and there is a growing problem of antibiotic resistance among the strains. previous reports suggest that the oral live salmonella typhi ty21a-vaccine confers protection against paratyphoid b fever. data on efficacy against paratyphoid a fever are somewhat contentious. the present study investigated the immunological basis for such efficacy reports at a single-cell level: plasmablasts (identif ... | 2012 | 22858557 |
| optimization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for salmonella paratyphi a subtyping. | salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a infection has caused public health problems in some countries in recent years. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) has been used for the subtyping and epidemiological investigations of some serotypes of salmonella, mainly in outbreaks caused by non-typhoidal salmonella. in this study, different restriction endonucleases and electrophoresis parameters were compared for the pfge subtyping by using salmonella paratyphi a strain panels. two protocols for t ... | 2012 | 22443482 |
| antimicrobial effects of psidium guajava extract as one mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal action. | a morphine-like spasmolytic action (not naloxone reversible; involving the inhibition of acetylcholine release) and also effects on the transmural transport of electrolytes (na(+) and k(+)) and water have been reported as possible modes of the antidiarrhoeal action of polar fractions of psidium guajava leaf extractives. the objective for this study was to verify if the reported modes of the antidiarrhoeal action should be broadened to include direct antimicrobial actions on some of the more comm ... | 1999 | 22589684 |
| analysis of anti-bacterial and anti oxidative activity of azadirachta indica bark using various solvents extracts. | herbal medications have been used for relief of symptoms of disease. regardless of the great advances observed in current medicine in recent decades, plants still make a significant contribution to health care. an alarming increase in bacterial strains resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents demands that a renewed effort be made to seek antibacterial agents effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to or less sensitive to current antibiotics. anti-bacterial activity of azadirachta in ... | 2017 | 28053565 |
| salmonella on raw poultry in retail markets in guatemala: levels, antibiotic susceptibility, and serovar distribution. | the objective of this study was to determine salmonella numbers on retail raw chicken carcasses in guatemala and to phenotypically characterize the isolates (serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility). in total, 300 chicken carcasses were collected from seven departments in guatemala. salmonella numbers were determined using the most-probable-number method following the u. s. department of agriculture's food safety and inspection service protocol. in total, 103 isolates were obtained, all of whic ... | 2015 | 26319717 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella paratyphi b dt+ and salmonella heidelberg from poultry and retail chicken meat in colombia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | salmonella paratyphi b dt+ variant (also termed salmonella java) and salmonella heidelberg are pathogens of public health importance that are frequently isolated from poultry. as a step toward implementing the colombian integrated program for antimicrobial resistant surveillance, this study characterized molecular patterns of salmonella paratyphi b dt+ and salmonella heidelberg isolated from poultry farms, fecal samples, and retail chicken meat using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the ... | 2015 | 25836408 |
| comparative efficacy of chloramphenicol loaded chondroitin sulfate and dextran sulfate nanoparticles to treat intracellular salmonella infections. | salmonella paratyphi a is a food-borne gram-negative pathogen and a major public health challenge in the developing world. upon reaching the intestine, s. paratyphi a penetrates the intestinal epithelial barrier; and infects phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells. s. paratyphi a surviving within macrophages is protected from the lethal action of antibiotics due to their poor penetration into the intracellular compartments. hence we have developed chloramphenicol loaded chondroitin su ... | 2015 | 25645750 |
| counts, serovars, and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of salmonella on raw chicken meat at retail in colombia. | the objective of this study was to determine salmonella counts, serovars, and antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes on retail raw chicken carcasses in colombia. a total of 301 chicken carcasses were collected from six departments (one city per department) in colombia. samples were analyzed for salmonella counts using the most-probable-number method as recommended by the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety inspection service protocol. a total of 378 isolates (268 from our previous study) wer ... | 2014 | 24490916 |
| antibacterial activity and synergistic effect of biosynthesized agnps with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical samples. | silver nanoparticles form promising template for designing antimicrobial agents against drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms. thus, the development of a reliable green approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. in the present investigation, silver nanoparticles synthesized by a soil bacillus sp. were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, sem, and eds. the antibacterial potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, stand ... | 2014 | 24699812 |
| microcontact imprinted plasmonic nanosensors: powerful tools in the detection of salmonella paratyphi. | identification of pathogenic microorganisms by traditional methods is slow and cumbersome. therefore, the focus today is on developing new and quicker analytical methods. in this study, a surface plasmon resonance (spr) sensor with a microcontact imprinted sensor chip was developed for detecting salmonella paratyphi. for this purpose, the stamps of the target microorganism were prepared and then, microcontact s. paratyphi-imprinted spr chips were prepared with the functional monomer n-methacrylo ... | 2017 | 28608810 |
| what were the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever in london 2005-2012? | a study was undertaken to determine the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever. | 2017 | 28590238 |
| the strataa study protocol: a programme to assess the burden of enteric fever in bangladesh, malawi and nepal using prospective population census, passive surveillance, serological studies and healthcare utilisation surveys. | invasive infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi a are estimated to account for 12-27 million febrile illness episodes worldwide annually. determining the true burden of typhoidal salmonellae infections is hindered by lack of population-based studies and adequate laboratory diagnostics.the strategic typhoid alliance across africa and asia study takes a systematic approach to measuring the age-stratified burden of clinical and subclinical disease caused by typhoidal s ... | 2017 | 28674145 |
| the distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in gram-negative bacteria from the tamil nadu region in india. | the occurrence of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance among gram-negative bacteria is increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to understand the distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in two areas in tamil nadu, india. | 2017 | 28671537 |
| a colonisation-inhibition culture consisting of salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium δhilassraflig strains protects against infection by strains of both serotypes in broilers. | consumption of contaminated poultry meat is still an important cause of salmonella infections in humans and there is a need for control methods that protect broilers from day-of-hatch until slaughter age against infection with salmonella. colonisation-inhibition, a concept in which a live salmonella strain is orally administered to day-old chickens and protects against subsequent challenge, can potentially be used as control method. in this study, the efficacy of a salmonella typhimurium δhilass ... | 2014 | 24975814 |
| literature review and clinical presentation of cervical spondylitis due to salmonella enteritidis in immunocompetent. | a 48-year-old woman was presented to our clinic with some fever and neck pains for about one month. based on the symptoms and results of image, an empirical diagnosis of tuberculous cervical spondylitis was made. the pain was not significantly decreased after anti-tuberculosis therapy. and, 3 weeks later, she was re-admitted to our hospital for the unbearable pain. an exploration of the c4/5 by the anterior medial approach was recommended to evaluate the germ and debridement. bacteriological tes ... | 2014 | 24761205 |
| salmonella spp. in patients suffering from enteric fever and food poisoning in thamar city, yemen. | salmonella remains a public health concern around the world, including yemen although data on its incidence are few. this study determined the incidence of salmonella infection in 250 enteric fever and 210 food poisoning cases attending thamar general hospital and dar alshafaa medical clinic in 2008. in total, 773 clinical specimens were taken: 250 blood, 187 urine and 336 stool samples. of the patients with enteric fever and food poisoning, 16.4% and 15.2% respectively were infected with salmon ... | 2013 | 23520911 |
| infection dynamics and antimicrobial resistance profile of salmonella paratyphi b d-tartrate positive (java) in a persistently infected broiler barn. | the infection dynamics of s. java were examined in three consecutive rearing periods on a broiler farm in northwestern germany which had been persistently infected with s. java for more than five years. the barn was investigated for salmonella occurrence after cleaning and disinfection to verify the persistent contamination of the broiler house with s. java before the start of the first rearing cycle. confirmation of salmonella absence in day-old chicks (time-point 1) as well as early establishm ... | 2017 | 28117713 |
| serotyping and antimicrobial drug resistance of salmonella isolated from lettuce and human diarrhea samples in burkina faso. | in burkina faso dirty water in particular those of the stoppings and the gutter ones are used for vegetables irrigation in the gardens. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella serotypes from humans and lettuce samples inburkina faso. materials and methods:salmonella strains isolated from patients in 2009 to 2015 and lettuce samples in 2014 in burkina faso were serotyped using specific antisera. all strains were subjected to a set of 14 an ... | 2017 | 28670637 |
| hepatitis a with superadded salmonella paratyphi a infection presenting with exudative pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis. | | 2017 | 28667735 |
| rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever. | differentiating both typhoid (salmonella typhi) and paratyphoid (salmonella paratyphi a) infection from other causes of fever in endemic areas is a diagnostic challenge. although commercial point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for enteric fever are available as alternatives to the current reference standard test of blood or bone marrow culture, or to the widely used widal test, their diagnostic accuracy is unclear. if accurate, they could potentially replace blood culture as the world hea ... | 2017 | 28545155 |
| overview of the impact of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. utility of ty21a vaccine (vivotif®). | cases of diarrhoeal disease number from 1.7 to 5 billion per year worldwide. one of the main causes of diarrhoeal disease is typhoid fever, which is a potentially life-threatening multi-systemic illness. according to the most recent estimates, a total of 26.9 million typhoid fever episodes occurred in 2010. the geographical distribution of the disease differs widely; in developed countries, the incidence rate per 100,000 per year varies from < 0.1 to 0.3, and the disease mainly affects people wh ... | 2017 | 28515625 |
| treatment response in enteric fever in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: an individual patient data analysis of 2092 participants enrolled into 4 randomized, controlled trials in nepal. | enteric fever, caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, is the leading cause of bacterial febrile disease in south asia. | 2017 | 28329181 |
| pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance of salmonella typhi and paratyphi a in a teaching hospital in islamabad. | to see the pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance among salmonella serovars. | 2017 | 28303985 |
| characterisation of antimicrobial resistance in salmonellae during 2014-2015 from four centres across india: an icmr antimicrobial resistance surveillance network report. | the main purpose of this study was to establish 'antimicrobial resistance surveillance network' in india and to monitor the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of clinical isolates to establish a national network across the country for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in salmonella. | 2017 | 28303820 |
| [an outbreak of paratyphoid fever in a county of yunnan province, 2010-2011]. | objective: to identify the source and to comment on control program regarding an outbreak of paratyphoid a fever in a county, through field studies. methods: descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, which occurred in yuanjiang county, yunan province between 2010-2011, china. case-control study with environmental investigation was performed to identify related risk factors and pathogens while isolation and susceptibility on ... | 2017 | 28231666 |
| enteric fever in barcelona: changing patterns of importation and antibiotic resistance. | enteric fever's incidence is decreasing among residents of high-income countries, although it's rising in travelers coming from low-resource endemic settings. the study's aim is to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of patients with enteric fever. | 2017 | 27890811 |
| blood culture isolates and antibiogram of salmonella: experience of a tertiary care hospital. | enteric fevers contribute majorly to the burden of morbidity from infectious diseases in the developing world. due to growing antibiotic resistance seen in their management, salmonella and its various species are required to be periodically tested for sensitivity and resistance patterns, to guide the clinical management at the local level. this will also enable planning of antibiotic recycling wherever feasible. | 2016 | 27546970 |
| enteric fever in a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective six-year review. | enteric fever is a multisystemic infection which largely affects children. this study aimed to analyse the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of paediatric enteric fever in singapore. | 2016 | 27523510 |
| outbreak of enteric fever due to salmonella paratyphi a variety durazzo (2,12:a:-) in a hilly region of north india: a report of 43 cases. | enteric fever due to salmonella paratyphi a (spa) is a global problem occurring as outbreaks at times. an unusual spa (2,12:a:-) variety durazzo has been reported rarely. we report an outbreak of enteric fever due to this variety affecting 43 individuals. the blood samples grew unusual mucoid, lactose non-fermenting colonies with atypical biochemical reactions in sugar fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation. isolates had sensitivity to ceftriaxone, chloramphenical, cotrimoxazole, intermedia ... | 2017 | 27514969 |
| antibiogram of salmonella isolates: time to consider antibiotic salvage. | enteric fever is a major problem especially in developing countries. timely and appropriate treatment plays a very important role in reducing the mortality. fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins are the treatment options for enteric fever. recent studies have shown that it is time to reconsider the use of earlier antibiotics. | 2016 | 27437211 |
| [drug tolerance and pfge molecular typing of salmonella paratyphi a isolated in dengfeng, henan province, 2009-2015]. | to investigate the drug tolerance and pfge patterns of salmonella(s.)paratyphi a strains isolated from sentinel hospitals in dengfeng, henan province, during 2009-2015. | 2016 | 27188369 |
| case series of imported enteric fever at a referral center in tokyo, japan: antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors for relapse. | owing to the increase in salmonella strains with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in the endemic areas, we have been treating enteric fever with intravenous ceftriaxone empirically since 2007. in this study, we reevaluated our treatment protocol. this retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institute in tokyo, japan, between january 2006 and december 2013. enteric fever was defined as isolation of salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a, b, and c from the blood and/or sto ... | 2016 | 27162265 |
| production of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps)-dependent siderophore by aeromonas isolates. | aeromonas species are gram-negative ubiquitous bacteria, facultative anaerobic rods that infect both invertebrates and vertebrates. various fish species develop hemorrhagic disease and furunculosis due to aeromonas spp. aeromonas strains generate certain active compounds such as siderophores, which are the final products of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) activity. the present study attempted to investigate the prevalence of aeromonas isolates in marketed fish sources. we also examined t ... | 2016 | 27155016 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends in blood culture positive salmonella paratyphi a isolates from pondicherry, india. | enteric fever is a public health problem with the upsurge in the occurrence of salmonella isolates that are resistant to ciprofloxacin. in this study, a total of 284 blood culture isolates of s. paratyphi a were investigated. of these isolates, 281 (98.9%) were nalidixic acid resistant. a high rate (6.3%) of high-level resistance (≥ 4 μg/ml) was found to ciprofloxacin. the isolates with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ≥ 12 μg/ml had 4 mutations, 2 mutations within the q ... | 2016 | 27080779 |
| enteric fever in a multicultural canadian tertiary care pediatric setting: a 28-year review. | we undertook a 28-year review of enteric fever at a large tertiary care pediatric center. most cases occurred in children who visited friends and relatives in the indian subcontinent, and there was significant antibiotic resistance. documented vaccination rates were low, and many cases also had evidence of delays in diagnosis and treatment. | 2017 | 26952095 |
| development and evaluation of a blood culture pcr assay for rapid detection of salmonella paratyphi a in clinical samples. | enteric fever remains an important cause of morbidity in many low-income countries and salmonella paratyphi a has emerged as the aetiological agent in an increasing proportion of cases. lack of adequate diagnostics hinders early diagnosis and prompt treatment of both typhoid and paratyphoid but development of assays to identify paratyphoid has been particularly neglected. here we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive blood culture pcr method for detection of salmonella paratyphi a fr ... | 2016 | 26930553 |
| azithromycin and ceftriaxone combination treatment for relapsed salmonella paratyphi a bacteraemia. | | 2016 | 26858276 |
| [characteristics of drug resistance and molecular type of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi isolated in henan province, 2009-2011]. | to investigate the antibiotic resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns of clinical isolates of salmonella (s.) typhi and s. paratyphi in henan province during 2009-2011. | 2016 | 26822656 |
| salmonella burden in lebanon. | salmonellosis is a disease that represents a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. the aim of this article is to evaluate the public health burden of salmonella illness in lebanon. the current scope of the salmonella infection problem was assessed in relation to disease incidence and distribution with respect to age, gender and district. factors that provide a better understanding of the magnitude of the problem were explored and highlighted. data reported to th ... | 2016 | 26743045 |
| the ecological dynamics of fecal contamination and salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a in municipal kathmandu drinking water. | one of the un sustainable development goals is to achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030. it is locations like kathmandu, nepal, a densely populated city in south asia with endemic typhoid fever, where this goal is most pertinent. aiming to understand the public health implications of water quality in kathmandu we subjected weekly water samples from 10 sources for one year to a range of chemical and bacteriological analyses. we additionally aimed to detect the eti ... | 2016 | 26735696 |
| [distribution in different salmonella serovars and integration sites of salmonella paratyphi c phage spc-p1]. | to determine the prevalence of salmonella paratyphi c phage (spc-p1) in different salmonella serovars and to identify the integration sites in host genome. | 2015 | 26679650 |
| elevated guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate level inhibits bacterial growth and interferes with ftsz assembly. | ftsz, a protein essential for prokaryotic cell division, forms a ring structure known as the z-ring at the division site. ftsz has a gtp binding site and is assembled into linear structures in a gtp-dependent manner in vitro. we assessed whether guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppgpp), a global regulator of gene expression in starved bacteria, affects cell division in salmonella paratyphi a. elevation of intracellular ppgpp levels by using the rela expression vector induced repression of ... | 2015 | 26449557 |
| management of children with travel-related illness evaluated in a pediatric emergency room. | children travelling are potentially exposed to a wide spectrum of illness, which includes not only mild self-limiting disease but also severe illness requiring hospitalization. risk factors for hospitalization need to be analyzed to inform prevention and treatment strategies for travel-related disease, to make travelling for children-from a medical perspective-more secure. | 2015 | 26368057 |
| a large-scale community-based outbreak of paratyphoid fever caused by hospital-derived transmission in southern china. | since the 1990s, paratyphoid fever caused by salmonella paratyphi a has emerged in southeast asia and china. in 2010, a large-scale outbreak involving 601 cases of paratyphoid fever occurred in the whole of yuanjiang county in china. epidemiological and laboratory investigations were conducted to determine the etiology, source and transmission factors of the outbreak. | 2015 | 26186586 |
| increase in paratyphoid fever cases in japanese travellers returning from cambodia in 2013. | in 2013, an unusual increase of paratyphoid fever cases in travellers returning from cambodia was reported in japan. from december 2012 to september 2013, 18 cases of salmonella paratyphi a infection were identified. microbiological analyses revealed that most isolates had the same clonal identity, although the epidemiological link between these cases remains unclear. it was inferred that the outbreak was caused by a common and persistent source in cambodia that was likely to have continued duri ... | 2016 | 26169980 |
| evaluation of the clinical and microbiological response to salmonella paratyphi a infection in the first paratyphoid human challenge model. | to expedite the evaluation of vaccines against paratyphoid fever, we aimed to develop the first human challenge model of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a infection. | 2017 | 28158395 |
| regional transmission of salmonella paratyphi a, china, 1998-2012. | to explore transmission patterns and genetic relationships of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a in china, we conducted a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis on the strains in the 4 provinces in which incidence was highest during 1998-2012. markedly phylogeographic clustering suggested regional virus circulation after introduction from areas in southeastern china. | 2017 | 28418315 |
| prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella from commercial broiler farms in two important poultry-producing regions of colombia. | salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens associated with diarrheal disease in humans. food animals, especially poultry, are important direct and indirect sources of human salmonellosis, and antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem of public health concern. the use of antimicrobials benefits producers but contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. as a step toward implementing the colombian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance, ... | 2012 | 22564936 |
| salmonella paratyphi b mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in an hiv-infected patient: a case report. | an hiv-infected 49-year-old man was admitted with polyuria, fever, chills and a dull left lumbar pain. laboratory tests showed increased c-reactive protein while urine analysis and abdomen ultrasound scan were negative. blood cultures revealed a salmonella paratyphi b, identified through maldi-tof mass spectrometry. targeted antibiotic therapy with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam was started and a multi-phase contrast-enhanced abdomen ct-scan was performed at 24 hours from admission showing ... | 2015 | 26110299 |
| typhidot - a blessing or a menace. | typhoid remain an increasing problem in third world countries like pakistan. a reliable, easy and affordable rapid diagnostic test is a need for our clinicians, many of whom consider typhidot to be promising. typhidot has been used as the only tool to diagnose typhoid fever by general practitioners and consultants despite its low sensitivity and specificity causing misdiagnosis and treatment. we therefore conducted this study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of typhidot in patients wi ... | 2017 | 26101507 |
| antimicrobial resistance and management of invasive salmonella disease. | invasive salmonella infections (typhoidal and non-typhoidal) cause a huge burden of illness estimated at nearly 3.4 million cases and over 600,000 deaths annually especially in resource-limited settings. invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) infections are particularly important in immunosuppressed populations especially in sub-saharan africa, causing a mortality of 20-30% in vulnerable children below 5 years of age. in these settings, where routine surveillance for antimicrobial resistance i ... | 2015 | 25912288 |
| towards sustainable public health surveillance for enteric fever. | enteric fever that results from infection by the typhoidal salmonellas (salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, b and c) is a life-threatening preventable illness. surveillance of enteric fever is important to understand current burden of disease, to track changes in human health burden from increasing antimicrobial resistance and to assess the impact of efforts to reduce disease burden. since enteric fever occurs predominantly in low income communities, expensive surveillance is not sustai ... | 2015 | 25912287 |
| acute pancreatitis and aseptic meningitis: rare complications of salmonella paratyphi infection. | | 2015 | 25817826 |
| salmonella l-forms: formation in human bile in vitro and isolation culture from patients' gallbladder samples by a non-high osmotic isolation technique. | bacterial l-forms have always been considered as osmotic-pressure-sensitive cell-wall-deficient bacteria and isolation culture of l-forms must use media with high osmotic pressure. however, isolation culture of stable l-forms formed in humans and animals is very difficult because they have adapted to the physiological osmotic pressure condition of the host. we use a non-high osmotic isolation technique to isolate stable l-forms of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a from bile-inducer cul ... | 2015 | 25703211 |
| should close contacts of returning travellers with typhoid fever be protected by vaccination? | increasing international travel to areas endemic for typhoid fever correlates with increased risk for travellers to contract the disease. at home, the acutely ill/convalescent patients may pose some risk to their close contacts. in finland an unofficial guideline suggests vaccination for close contacts of patients with acute typhoid fever; in other developed countries, routine typhoid vaccinations are only recommended to contacts of chronic carriers. this paper discusses the possibilities and li ... | 2015 | 25678244 |
| structural analysis of the o-acetylated o-polysaccharide isolated from salmonella paratyphi a and used for vaccine preparation. | salmonella paratyphi a is increasingly recognized as a common cause of enteric fever cases and there are no licensed vaccines against this infection. antibodies directed against the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella are protective and conjugation of the o-polysaccharide to a carrier protein represents a promising strategy for vaccine development. o-acetylation of s. paratyphi a o-polysaccharide is considered important for the immunogenicity of s. paratyphi a conjugate vacc ... | 2015 | 25665787 |
| successful endoscopic hemoclipping of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding from paratyphoid a fever. | paratyphoid fever can be complicated by massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding with ileocolonic ulcerations, which are commonly localized using colonoscopy. the most common manifestations include multiple, variable-sized, round or oval-shaped, punched-out ulcers. occasionally, massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding can occur from erosion of blood vessels. we present a rare case of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to paratyphoid a fever that was successfully controlled with hemoclippi ... | 2015 | 25624745 |
| detection of salmonella in blood by pcr using irob gene. | salmonella, a genus of more than 2500 serological variants (serovars), includes many organisms that can cause human disease. enteric fever remains an important public health problem in developing countries. non typhoidal salmonella generally produce a self limited gastroenteritis in healthy individuals whereas in extremes of age and immunocompromised cause severe fatal disease. the protean manifestations make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. | 2014 | 25584214 |
| separation, purification, and identification of flagellin, and preparation of its antisera. | the aim of this study was to separate, purify, and identify salmonella paratyphi a flagellin, and to prepare its antisera. primary flagellin was isolated from s. paratyphi a using the acid lysis method. the flagellin was purified with weak anion exchange chromatography and the protein was identified with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), western blot, and negative staining with phosphotungstic acid with scanning electron microscopy (sem). the production of the ... | 2014 | 25501138 |
| re-emergence of susceptibility to conventional first line drugs in salmonella isolates from enteric fever patients in nepal. | enteric fever is endemic in nepal and poses a significant public health burden. the first-line drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole have not been part of empirical therapy for two decades due to the development of multidrug-resistant salmonella strains. the objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of salmonella serovars isolated from the blood of clinically suspected enteric fever patients. | 2014 | 25390062 |
| a novel tool for capture and detection of typhoid fever using ag-labeled nanocomposites. | this work investigated a simple and versatile modification to a solid substrate to develop antibody recognition using nanoparticles. the new immobilized metal ion affinity adsorbent containing nanoparticles and hydrophilic resins is proposed here to improve the binding of antigen on its surface. the light-scattering properties of submicroscopic metal particles ranging from 100 to 120 nm in diameter were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. we found that synthesized nanoparticles have an in ... | 2014 | 25338205 |
| salmonella paratyphi a-infected ovarian cyst in returning traveller--an unusual complication of enteric fever. | we report a case of salmonella paratyphi a enteric fever in a returned new zealand traveller complicated by an infected ovarian cyst, which resulted in clinical and microbiological relapse despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. extraintestinal manifestations of enteric fever are infrequent but should be considered in situations where treatment response to first-line antibiotics for adequate duration is suboptimal. | 2014 | 25225762 |
| extra-intestinal salmonellosis in a tertiary care center in south india. | the present study is a retrospective analysis of a total of 36 cases of bacteriologically proven extra-intestinal salmonellosis, managed at nizam's institute of medical sciences, between 1987 and 2012 (25 years). the extra-intestinal sites involved were the skin, cerebrum, spleen, ovary, synovium, and the skeletal muscle. | 2014 | 25022292 |
| comparative evaluation of various tests for diagnosis of concurrent malaria and typhoid fever in a tertiary care hospital of northern india. | malaria and typhoid are two major infectious diseases, still prevalent in most of the tropical countries including india. millions of individuals residing in these endemic cases contact these diseases either concurrently or as acute infection superimposed on a chronic one. | 2014 | 24995183 |
| honing in on enteric fever. | the use of metabolomics could lead to improved diagnostics for enteric fever. | 2014 | 24986861 |
| salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a elaborate distinct systemic metabolite signatures during enteric fever. | the host-pathogen interactions induced by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a during enteric fever are poorly understood. this knowledge gap, and the human restricted nature of these bacteria, limit our understanding of the disease and impede the development of new diagnostic approaches. to investigate metabolite signals associated with enteric fever we performed two dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gcxgc/tofms) on plasma from patients with s. typhi a ... | 2014 | 24902583 |
| detection of tem-, shv- and ctx-m-type β-lactamase production among clinical isolates of salmonella species. | enteric fever is a major public health problem in developing countries. due to the problem of resistance to first-line drugs and fluoroquinolone, cephalosporins are currently used for treatment of enteric fever. cephalosporin resistance in salmonella spp. is mainly due to production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). the majority of esbls in salmonella are derivatives of the tem and shv β-lactamase families. the objectives of this study were to detect antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ... | 2014 | 24866367 |
| effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in us travelers. | typhoid vaccination is recommended in the united states before travel to countries where typhoid fever is endemic, though little information is available on its effectiveness in travelers. we estimated typhoid vaccination effectiveness (ve) by comparing vaccination status in cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever (salmonella paratyphi a infection, against which typhoid vaccine offers no protection) reported in the united states. we included travelers to southern asia and excluded persons < ... | 2014 | 24837780 |
| psychosis in paratyphoid fever - a case report from australia. | neuropsychiatric presentation in paratyphoid fever is not a well-known entity. in countries such as australia, where the prevalence of enteric fever is one of the lowest, this presentation seems to be unlikely. | 2014 | 24820292 |
| high specific dnazyme-aptamer sensor for salmonella paratyphi a using single-walled nanotubes-based dual fluorescence-spectrophotometric methods. | in this work, single-stranded dna aptamers that are highly specific to enterotoxigenic salmonella paratyphi a were obtained from an enriched oligonucleotide pool using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) to target the flagellin protein. the selected aptamers were confirmed to have high sensitivity and specificity to the flagellin. in addition, a probe (p0) containing the dnazyme and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled aptamer3 sequences was employed as a dual probe f ... | 2014 | 24652971 |
| the core proteome and pan proteome of salmonella paratyphi a epidemic strains. | comparative proteomics of the multiple strains within the same species can reveal the genetic variation and relationships among strains without the need to assess the genomic data. similar to comparative genomics, core proteome and pan proteome can also be obtained within multiple strains under the same culture conditions. in this study we present the core proteome and pan proteome of four epidemic salmonella paratyphi a strains cultured under laboratory culture conditions. the proteomic informa ... | 2014 | 24586590 |
| antibiogram of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a in a tertiary care hospital in 2012. | | 2014 | 24441263 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in typhoidal salmonellae: a preliminary report from south india. | fluoroquinolones are the drugs extensively employed for the treatment of salmonella infections. over the couple of decades that have elapsed since the introduction of fluoroquinolones, resistance to these agents by enterobacteriaceae family members has become common and widespread. although fluoroquinolone resistance is mediated by genomic dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) as well as plasmid dna, the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) facilitates higher level resistance by interacting with g ... | 2014 | 24399384 |
| cross-reactive immune response induced by the vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine against salmonella paratyphi strains. | there are no vaccines in clinical use against paratyphoid fever, caused by salmonella paratyphi a and b or, rarely, c. oral salmonella typhi ty21a typhoid vaccine elicits a significant cross-reactive immune response against s. paratyphi a and b, and some reports suggest cross-protective efficacy against the disease. these findings are ascribed to the o-12 antigen shared between the strains. the vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine has been shown to elicit antibodies reactive with o-9,12. twenty-fi ... | 2014 | 24383914 |
| co-infection: weil's syndrome with hepatitis b infection- a diagnostic and therapeutic hitch. | undifferentiated acute febrile illness (afi) is a common clinical syndrome among patients seeking hospital care. detection of co-infections at the time of presentation is a diagnostic challenge, especially with limited laboratory support. even if detected, early treatment and cure of these co-infections can be difficult for the clinicians. we are presenting a rare case of hepatitis b and leptospirosis co-infection with high titres of salmonella paratyphi a and scrub typhus. there are a few repor ... | 2013 | 24298495 |
| a large outbreak of salmonella paratyphi a infection among israeli travelers to nepal. | in asia, salmonella paratyphi a is an emerging infection, and travelers are increasingly at risk. during october 2009-november 2009, an outbreak in s. paratyphi a infection was noted in israeli travelers returning from nepal. | 2014 | 24198224 |
| unusual increase in reported cases of paratyphoid a fever among travellers returning from cambodia, january to september 2013. | from january to september 2013, a marked increase in notifications of salmonella paratyphi a infections among travellers returning from cambodia occurred in france. an investigation revealed 35 cases without a common source: 21 in france, five in germany, three in the netherlands, one in norway, one in the united kingdom, four in new-zealand. data suggest an ongoing event that should trigger further investigation. travellers to cambodia should observe preventive measures including good personal ... | 2013 | 24094059 |
| salmonella paratyphi b septicemia in a neonate. | septicemia is a major cause of death in neonates especially in developing countries. we report a case of septicemia in a neonate due to salmonella paratyphi b. the baby responded well to therapy and recovered completely. | 2013 | 24049752 |
| differential epidemiology of salmonella typhi and paratyphi a in kathmandu, nepal: a matched case control investigation in a highly endemic enteric fever setting. | enteric fever, a systemic infection caused by the bacteria salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, is endemic in kathmandu, nepal. previous work identified proximity to poor quality water sources as a community-level risk for infection. here, we sought to examine individual-level risk factors related to hygiene and sanitation to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of enteric fever in this setting. | 2013 | 23991240 |
| salmonella paratyphi b meningitis in an infant. | we report a case of salmonella paratyphi b meningitis in a 90 day-old male infant who was admitted with complaints of fever, vomiting and one episode of vacant stare. clinically, the infant was found to be toxic and dull with a bulging anterior fontanelle. subsequently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures demonstrated the presence of salmonella paratyphi b organism. | 2013 | 23940494 |
| highly specific and cost-efficient detection of salmonella paratyphi a combining aptamers with single-walled carbon nanotubes. | in this paper, a panel of single-stranded dna aptamers with high affinity and specificity against salmonella paratyphi a was selected from an enriched oligonucleotide pool by a whole-cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) procedure, during which four other salmonella serovars were used as counter-selection targets. it was determined through a fluorescence assay that the selected aptamers had high binding ability and specificity to this pathogen. the dissociation c ... | 2013 | 23698275 |
| [distribution of salmonella paratyphi a pagc gene and immunoprotective effect of its recombinant expressed products]. | to determine the distribution and sequence conservation of pagc gene in salmonella paratyphi a isolates, and the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of its recombinant expression products (rpagc). | 2013 | 23585003 |
| a case report of acute acalculous cholecystitis due to salmonella paratyphi b complicated by biliary peritonitis. | non-typhoidal salmonella are a rare case of acute acalculouscholecystitis (aac). salmonella paratyphi b, which accounts for one of the less invasive nts serotypes, has rarely been reported to cause cholecystitis. we describe a case of 65-year old previously healthy man, who present with signs of acute abdomen, due to biliary peritonitis as a complication of acute acalculouscholecystitis caused by salmonella paratyphi b. our case illustrates the potential severity of infection with salmonella par ... | 2013 | 24839535 |
| invasive african nontyphoidal salmonella requires high levels of complement for cell-free antibody-dependent killing. | nontyphoidal isolates of salmonella (nts), particularly salmonella typhimurium, are a major cause of invasive bacteremia in africa. despite this, no vaccine against nts is currently available for use in humans. if a nts vaccine is to be developed in a timely manner, there is a need to develop assays to assess its in vivo efficacy. assessment of potential efficacy of candidate vaccines in preclinical models is important for proof-of-concept and reduces attrition of vaccines in clinical trials. se ... | 2013 | 23085530 |
| pan-genomic analysis provides insights into the genomic variation and evolution of salmonella paratyphi a. | salmonella paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) is a highly adapted, human-specific pathogen that causes paratyphoid fever. cases of paratyphoid fever have recently been increasing, and the disease is becoming a major public health concern, especially in eastern and southern asia. to investigate the genomic variation and evolution of s. paratyphi a, a pan-genomic analysis was performed on five newly sequenced s. paratyphi a strains and two other reference strains. a whole genome comparison revealed that ... | 2012 | 23028950 |
| computed tomography features in enteric fever. | enteric fever is a common infection in endemic areas; however, there are few reports describing the computed tomography (ct) manifestations of enteric fever. we aim to describe and illustrate ct findings in enteric fever in this study. | 2012 | 22892604 |
| the discrimination of d-tartrate positive and d-tartrate negative s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b isolated in malaysia by phenotypic and genotypic methods. | serotyping is not sufficient to differentiate between salmonella species that cause paratyphoid fever from the strains that cause milder gastroenteritis as these organisms share the same serotype salmonella paratyphi b (s. paratyphi b). strains causing paratyphoid fever do not ferment d-tartrate and this key feature was used in this study to determine the prevalence of these strains among the collection of s. paratyphi b strains isolated from patients in malaysia. a total of 105 isolates of s. p ... | 2012 | 22870596 |
| salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella litchfield outbreaks associated with pet turtle exposure in spain. | salmonellosis is an important public health problem. turtles are increasingly involved in the role of transmitters of this infection to humans. | 2013 | 22795887 |
| salmonella paratyphi b var java infections associated with exposure to turtles in bizkaia, spain, september 2010 to october 2011. | between september 2010 and october 2011, the unit of epidemiology in the department of public health in bizkaia, spain identified eight cases of salmonella paratyphi b var java infection and three cases of infection with its possible monophasic variant 4,5,12:b:- dt+. six cases reported contact with turtles and s. java was isolated from three of these turtles' habitats. the isolates from the patients and their respective turtles were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). ... | 2012 | 22748004 |
| study of clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity in paratyphoid fever cases admitted at teaching hospital in south india. | globally, there has been an increase in incidence of paratyphoid fever, including paratyphoid fever caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains. studying the clinical profile and antimicrobial sensitivity of paratyphoid fever would help in early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, rational use of antibiotics and prevent drug resistance. | 2012 | 24479019 |
| [establishment of protein fingerprint database of salmonella paratyphi a using seldi-tof-ms]. | to establish a protein fingerprint database of salmonella paratyphi a by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof-ms). | 2012 | 22691346 |
| profile of travel-associated illness in children, zürich, switzerland. | the number of families traveling with their children to their country of origin and/or to tropical destinations has increased in switzerland and includes a changing profile and multinational range of patients. defining the profile of reported travel-associated illnesses will help to improve the prevention and treatment of such illnesses in children. | 2012 | 22530822 |
| salmonella paratyphi neck abscess. | | 2012 | 22529636 |
| [disintoxication effect of levomycin and synthomycin]. | | 2014 | 24544743 |