| comparison of torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) viral load in porcine circovirus type 2 vaccinated and non-vaccinated pig herds. | torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) viral load in accordance with the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection and age of two pig herds was determined. a total of 100 and 155 piglets from two farms were divided into two groups. half of the piglets from each farm were given a commercial vaccine against pcv2 (vaccinated group), and the remaining piglets were used as a control group (non-vaccinated group). an early onset and a chronic viremic state of ttsuv genogroups were present regardless of the pcv ... | 2011 | 22112638 |
| profiles of seroconversion to porcine circovirus type 2 in herds affected and not affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of serological methods in the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the study was carried out in 4 pmws-affected and 6 control farms. based on the serological profiles, infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was determined to take place at 3-7 weeks of age in the pmws-affected and at 3-11 weeks of age in the control farms. to compare the dynamics of seroconversion to pcv2 among farms, cross-sectional se ... | 2011 | 22079711 |
| microbial ecology of swine farms and prrs vaccine vaccination strategies. | the present study investigated the microbial ecology and vaccination strategies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in field condition. four representative farms with a history of prrs were included in this study. over the almost 3-year period, the average detection rate was 68.9%, making prrsv the first most frequently detected virus, followed by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) (64.2%), pseudorabies virus (prv) (11.03%) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) (4.41%). s ... | 2011 | 22014373 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and its associated diseases in china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been recognized as an important vial pathogen for global swine industry. the virus is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and other syndrome diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). pcv2 infection and pmws have caused great impact on the pig production in china during the past 10 years. this review will involve in the history of pcvad, serological epidemiology of pcv2 infection, and clinical a ... | 2011 | 22023739 |
| effects of porcine circovirus type 2 on expression of mrna associated with endogenous antigen processing and presentation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and circulating t lymphocytes in piglets. | pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams) are the major target cells of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). this study examined cellular immunity and expression of molecules associated with endogenous antigen processing and presentation in porcine pams for 28days following infection with pcv2. the numbers of total t cells and t lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry (fcm). the expression of mrna of large multifunctional peptidase 7 (lmp7), ubiquitin-specific protease (ubp), heat sho ... | 2011 | 22104506 |
| a nine-base nucleotide sequence in the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) nucleocapsid gene determines viral replication and virulence. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was retrospectively identified by serology in swine populations as an asymptomatic infection at least 25 years prior to the first reported case of pcv2-associated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to investigate the sudden emergence of pmws, viral sequences were amplified from frozen archived (1970-1971) porcine tissues and the complete genome of archival pcv2 was determined. the orf1 gene product (viral dna replicase) was homologous to contempor ... | 2011 | 22100341 |
| acquisition and transmission of peanut clump virus by polymyxa graminis on cereal species. | the objective of this study was to investigate the specificity of the interactions between polymyxa graminis, peanut clump virus (pcv), and cereals, particularly the acquisition and the transmission of the virus by three p. graminis formae speciales. a new strategy has been developed: it involves using sugarcane as the common host for both the virus and its vector in order to produce the viruliferous zoospores of p. graminis f. sp. subtropicalis, temperata, and tropicalis that were then inoculat ... | 2011 | 21916623 |
| genetic variation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and its relevance to vaccination, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad) encompasses a group of complex, multi-factorial syndromes, which are dependent on infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). current strains of pcv2 circulating in the field are classified into two groups, termed pcv2a and pcv2b. outbreaks of severe pcvad in north america and other countries are often linked to a shift from pcv2a to pcv2b as the predominant genotype. therefore, genotype-specific differences in pathogenesis and antigenicity have ... | 2011 | 22198217 |
| Low levels of diversity among genomes of Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) points to differential adaptive selection between Porcine circoviruses. | Several features related with the evolutionary patterns among all the PCV1 genomes available at GenBank have been analyzed in the present work (diversity, number of genotypes, recombination, saturation, selection, evolutionary rate). The reported results point to low levels of nucleotide and amino acid diversity, low number of positively selected codons and a slow evolution rate. Compared with the other species of the Circoviridae family, the diversity is the lowest reported. This can be related ... | 2012 | 22088213 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection decreases the efficacy of an attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine. | abstract: the lapinized philippines coronel (lpc) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv), is an important tool for the prevention and control of csfv infection and is widely and routinely used in most csf endemic areas, including taiwan. the aim of this study was to investigate whether pcv2 infection affects the efficacy of the lpc vaccine. eighteen 6-week-old, cesarean-derived and colostrum-deprived (cdcd), crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four groups. a tot ... | 2011 | 22129109 |
| Use of PCR-based assays for the detection of the adventitious agent porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in vaccines, and for confirming the identity of cell substrates and viruses used in vaccine production. | Safety and quality are important issues for vaccines. Whereas reversion to virulence poses a safety risk with live attenuated vaccines, the potential for the presence of adventitious agents is also an issue of vaccine quality. The recent detection or porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in human vaccines has further highlighted the importance of quality control in vaccine production. The purpose of this study was to use a novel conventional PCR to detect PCV1, and subsequently screen materials used ... | 2012 | 22079617 |
| [detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and torque-teno-sus-virus 1 and 2 in semen of boars from an austrian artificial insemination centre]. | objective: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and torque-teno-sus- viruses (ttsuv) are ubiquitous in all pig-producing countries. both pathogens are transmitted horizontally as well as vertically, and semen could be an important means of transmission. aim of this study was the investigation of the prevalence of these two viruses in boar semen. material and methods: single semen samples from 100 boars from an artificial insemination centre were analysed by quantitative real time pcr for pcv2 an ... | 2011 | 22138827 |
| Epidemiology and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). | PCV2 has been highly prevalent in the pig population for decades, prior to the emergence of associated clinical disease manifestations that severely affected the pig production worldwide in the late 90s. PCV2 can be further subdivided into several genotypes. From descriptive epidemiologic data, there is evidence of a global shift of the main PCV2 genotypes in different countries from PCV2a to PCV2b, which is generally associated with more severe disease. In addition, from analytic epidemiologic ... | 2011 | 22178804 |
| Vaccination of dams increases antibody titer and improves growth parameters in finisher pigs subclinically infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the obligate infectious agent in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) of pigs. To control PMWS, we vaccinated dams at 4 and 2 weeks before pregnancy and again in the 12th week of gestation with an inactivated PCV2 vaccine (Circovac). Two producer farms run under the control of Swiss Swine Health Organization were selected for the experiment. Previously, in one farm PMWS was diagnosed on pigs after weaning, whereas in the other farm, pigs wasted du ... | 2011 | 21852549 |
| concurrent infections are important for expression of porcine circovirus associated disease. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential component of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd) as the disease syndrome is referred to in europe and porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) as it is referred to in north america. singular pcv2 infection rarely results in clinical disease; however, pcvad is often accelerated in onset, enhanced in severity and prolonged in duration by concurrent viral or bacterial infections. due to its effect on the immune system, pcv2 has also been shown to ... | 2011 | 21959087 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 explores the autophagic machinery for replication in pk-15 cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an important pathogen of pigs, causes lymphoid depletion in infected tissues most probably by inducing apoptosis although the precise pathogenesis of pcv2-associated diseases remains unknown. we speculate whether autophagy, another cellular response to stress or infections by bacterial or viral pathogens, is involved in pcv2 infection. here, we provide the first evidence that pcv2 could trigger autophagosome formation and enhance autophagic flux in pk-15 cells, ... | 2011 | 22134092 |
| prevalence of antibodies to selected viral pathogens in wild boars (sus scrofa) in croatia in 2005-06 and 2009-10. | we determined prevalence of antibody to selected viral pathogens important for domestic pigs and livestock in 556 wild boar (sus scrofa) sera collected during 2005-06 and 2009-10 in four counties in croatia. these counties account for an important part of the croatian commercial pig production and have a high density of wild boars. samples were tested for antibodies to porcine parvovirus (ppv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus, porcine respi ... | 2012 | 22247381 |
| emerging and re-emerging swine viruses. | in the past two decades or so, a number of viruses have emerged in the global swine population. some, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), cause economically important diseases in pigs, whereas others such as porcine torque teno virus (ttv), now known as torque teno sus virus (ttsuv), porcine bocavirus (pbov) and related novel parvoviruses, porcine kobuvirus, porcine toroviruses (ptov) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (pl ... | 2012 | 22225855 |
| monocyte-derived dendritic cells enhance cell proliferation and porcine circovirus type 2 replication in concanavalin a-stimulated swine peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. | dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen presenting cells cooperating with other immune cells for the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. the objective of the present study was to investigate the replication activity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in dcs and/or lymphocytes during their cross talk and its possible mechanism. two models were set, herein. swine blood monocyte (mo)-derived dcs (modcs) or peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) were inoculated with pcv2 prior t ... | 2011 | 22245116 |
| the porcine circovirus type 2 nonstructural protein orf3 induces apoptosis in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases in pigs. to analyze whether the pcv2 nonstructural protein orf3 is able to induce apoptosis in nature target cells, transient expression of orf3 in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was performed, and apoptosis was confirmed by terminal dexoynucleotidyl transferase (tdt)-mediated brdutp-nick end labeling (tunel) assay. the apoptotic responses induced by the full length or the ... | 2011 | 22216074 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 infections in wild boar (sus scrofa) in southwestern germany. | samples were collected from 203 wild boars (sus scrofa) hunted in baden-wurtemburg, germany from november-january 2008 and 2009. samples from the lung and tonsil were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) type 1 (european type) and type 2 (american type). a qpcr to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-specific genome was performed on tissue homogenates including lung, tonsils, and inguinal lymph nodes. serum s ... | 2012 | 22247377 |
| suitability and limitations of portion-specific abattoir data as part of an early warning system for emerging diseases of swine in ontario. | abstract: background: abattoir data have the potential to provide information for geospatial disease surveillance applications, but the quality of the data and utility for detecting disease outbreaks is not well understood. the objectives of this study were to 1) identify non-disease factors that may bias these data for disease surveillance and 2) determine if major disease events that took place during the study period would be captured using multi-level modelling and scan statistics. we analy ... | 2012 | 22225910 |
| increased prevalence of torque teno viruses in porcine respiratory disease complex affected pigs. | the role of swine torque teno sus viruses (ttsuvs) as co-factors in disease syndromes involving porcine circovirus strain 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (prrsv) has been a debatable subject. in this study, the prevalence of ttsuvs in iowa, the leading pork producing state in the u.s., was estimated by a duplex pcr. the pcr is capable of simultaneously detecting both teno sus viruses 1 and 2 (ttsuv1 and 2). based on an analysis of 300 random samples repre ... | 2011 | 22227415 |
| inactivated pcv2 one shot vaccine applied in 3-week-old piglets: improvement of production parameters and interaction with maternally derived immunity. | the present study describes the effects of a commercially available vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on clinical, pathological and virological outcomes of 3-week-old piglets from two farms with a clinical history of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the study was a controlled, double-blinded, parallel group (1:1) and randomized trial (with a negative control) involving a total of 1239 animals. the study period comprised from weaning age (time of vaccination or pb ... | 2012 | 22245604 |
| porcine circovirus diseases: a review of pmws. | this article is a review on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), the first described disease among the porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome has, since its appearance in canada in 1991, been seen in all major pig producing countries. to diagnose pmws at herd level typical clinical appearance consisting of wasting and increased mortality must be combined with finding at autopsy of diseased pigs, where typical microscopic findings in the lym ... | 2012 | 22252114 |
| modern pig farming in the people's republic of china: growth and veterinary challenges. | cyclical oversupply and non-profitability situations have led to pig industry consolidations in the people's republic of china, with many smaller farmers leaving the industry. in 2007, pork supply worsened due to outbreaks of 'high fever blue-ear disease', a complex disease issue that includes highly virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine circovirus and classical swine fever. best estimates suggest that 50 million pigs were affected. more recent natural disasters (earthq ... | 2011 | 22435207 |
| diagnostic investigation of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome: lack of compelling evidence linking to common porcine pathogens. | porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (pfts), an increasingly recognized syndrome in the swine industry of north america, is characterized by the anorexia of nursery pigs noticeable within 1 week of weaning, and progressive loss of body condition and lethargy during the next 1-2 weeks. morbidity caused by pfts is moderate, but case fatality is high. the etiology of pfts is presently unknown and may include infectious agent(s), noninfectious factors, or both. pfts was identified in a hig ... | 2011 | 22362939 |
| experimental co-infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and porcine circovirus-2. | the role of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in the development of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2)-associated disease (pcvad) was investigated in 2 experimental studies. in the first, separate groups of germ-free pigs were inoculated with filtered tissue homogenate (from diseased pigs) containing pcv-2b + bvdv-1-like virus (group 1), pcv-2a + bvdv-1-like virus (group 4), bvdv-1-like virus only (group 3), or pcv-2b + bvdv-1-like virus following a bvdv vaccination protocol (group 2). this last grou ... | 2011 | 22362935 |
| influence of prolonged formalin fixation of tissue samples on the sensitivity of chromogenic in situ hybridization. | chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) is a commonly used tool in diagnostic pathology to detect pathogens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissue sections. prolonged formalin fixation time was identified to be a limiting factor for the successful detection of nucleic acid from different pathogens, most probably due to the cross-linking activity of formalin between rna, dna, and proteins. therefore, in the current study, the influence of formalin fixation time on ish signal intensity ... | 2011 | 22362804 |
| effects of dna extraction method on porcine circovirus-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification in swine lymph node samples. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has become an important tool for porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) research and diagnosis. however, significant differences in detection limit and quantification data, among laboratories and quantitative real-time pcr methods, have been demonstrated. new efforts are required for providing more accurate and comparable results. the current study is an evaluation of the effects of dna extraction procedures on pcv-2 quantification in lymph node sampl ... | 2011 | 22362800 |
| comparative evaluation of a competitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a sybr green-based real-time pcr to quantify porcine circovirus-2 dna in swine tissue samples. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is considered the major etiological agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. the clinical manifestations of the disease are correlated with moderate to high amounts of pcv-2 dna in biological samples of affected pigs. a threshold of 10(7) dna copies/ml is suggested as the trigger factor for symptoms. a comparative study was conducted to determine which quantitative method would be more suitable to estimate the pcv-2 dna load. two polymeras ... | 2011 | 22362797 |
| contamination by porcine circovirus type 1: findings, investigations, and learnings. | conference proceeding proceedings of the pda/fda adventitious viruses in biologics: detection and mitigation strategies workshop in bethesda, md, usa; december 1-3, 2010 guest editors: arifa khan (bethesda, md), patricia hughes (bethesda, md) and michael wiebe (san francisco, ca). | 2011 | 22294584 |
| regulatory approaches for control of viral contamination of vaccines. | conference proceeding proceedings of the pda/fda adventitious viruses in biologics: detection and mitigation strategies workshop in bethesda, md, usa; december 1-3, 2010 guest editors: arifa khan (bethesda, md), patricia hughes (bethesda, md) and michael wiebe (san francisco, ca) improved assurance that vaccines do not contain harmful adventitious agents is expected to enhance public confidence and promote vaccine benefit. the recent discovery of porcine circovirus 1 in some rotavirus vaccines u ... | 2011 | 22294577 |
| infectious agents associated with respiratory diseases in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds: a cross-sectional study. | a study was carried out in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds to assess the relationships between pathogens involved in respiratory disorders and to relate these findings to clinical signs of respiratory diseases and pneumonia and pleuritis at slaughter. clinical examination and sampling were carried out on four different batches in each herd (pigs aged 4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks). mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine influenza viruses (siv), porcine reproductive and respirat ... | 2011 | 22226820 |
| immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of carboxymethylpachymaran on the mice infected with pcv2. | the objective of the current study is to investigate the protective effect of carboxymethylpachymaran (cmp) on the immune system of mice via multiple infections with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the in vivo results showed that cmp administration significantly improved the spleen or thymus index, promoted the proliferation activities of t or b lymphocytes, and increased the production of glutathione, the superoxidase dismutase capacity, and the total antioxidant capacity in the spleen or thy ... | 2011 | 22214825 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs with porcine circovirus associated diseases in argentina. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) has been associated with syndromes grouped by the term porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad). the pcv-2 isolates have been grouped into two major groups or genotypes according to their nucleotide sequence of whole genomes and/or orf-2: pcv-2b, which have, in turn, been subdivided into three clusters (1a-1c), and pcv-2a, which has been subdivided into five clusters (2a-2e). in the present study, we obtained 16 sequences of pcv-2 from different farms from ... | 2011 | 23738099 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 viremia and seroconversion in pigs from a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of real-time pcr and serological methods as indicators of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence. significantly higher level of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) viral load in serum and significantly lower titre of specific antibodies in pmws-affected pigs indicated that combination of quantitative pcr and serological methods may support diagnosis of pmws. | 2011 | 22439342 |
| a comparison of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs. | the aim of this study was to develop and to optimize an immunohistochemistry (ihc) method for pcv2 identification and to compare it with an in situ hybridization (ish) technique. the results demonstrated that both ish and ihc successfully detected pcv2 viral antigens or nucleic acid in the examined tissues. most of the slides identified previously in ish as pcv2-positive were also positive in ihc. in the case of nearly half of the slides the results of ihc examination revealed an increase in the ... | 2011 | 22439326 |
| efficacy of parenteral vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in seropositive piglets. | this study investigated if parenteral administration of a prototype adjuvanted vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) could override maternally derived antibodies and induce acquired immunity in young piglets. piglets with high levels of maternal pcv2 antibodies at 1 wk of age were randomly grouped into vaccinates and controls on the basis of body weight and inoculated with the vaccine or a control preparation twice, with an interval of 3 wk. both groups were challenged 3 wk after the ... | 2012 | 23543956 |
| half-life of porcine antibodies absorbed from a colostrum supplement containing porcine immunoglobulins. | absorption of immunoglobulins (ig) at birth from colostrum is essential for piglet survival. the objective was to evaluate the half-life of antibodies absorbed in the bloodstream of newborn piglets orally fed a colostrum supplement (cs) containing energy (fat and carbohydrates) and igg from porcine plasma. viable piglets (n = 23; 900 to 1,800 g bw) from 6 sows were colostrum deprived and blood sampled and within the next 2 h of life randomly allocated to either control group (n = 9) providing 30 ... | 2012 | 23365363 |
| emergence of a novel mutant pcv2b variant associated with clinical pcvad in two vaccinated pig farms in the u.s. concurrently infected with ppv2. | porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2b (pcv2b) emerged in north america in 2005-2006. during may of 2012, pcvad occurred in 10-18-week-old pigs in two farms within a production system that routinely vaccinated against pcv2. both farms received replacement gilts from the same multiplier. a mutant pcv2b strain not previously present in north america was identified. the strain was found to be 99.9% identical to a recently described mutant pcv2 isolate reported in china in 2010 and thought to be more viru ... | 2012 | 23305615 |
| construction and immunogenicity of recombinant porcine circovirus-like particles displaying somatostatin. | in order to obtain a virus-like particles (vlps) vaccine both for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) prevention and growth-promotion, somatostatin (ss) gene was fused to the 3'-terminal of orf2 gene of pcv2 with pcr, and a recombinant baculovirus (rac-cap-ss) was constructed. the expression of fusion protein cap-ss (rcap-ss) with molecular weight of approximately 32kda was identified by western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay in sf9 cells. the self-assembled vlps were observed under ele ... | 2012 | 23294858 |
| innate pro-inflammatory and adaptive immune cytokines in pbmc of vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs naturally exposed to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection vary with the occurrence of the disease and the viral burden. | pro-inflammatory (il-8, tnf-α, il-1β) and immune (ifn-γ, il-10) cytokines were evaluated in pcv2-vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs exposed to natural pcv2 infection retrospectively selected according to the time of the onset of viremia and the viral burden, and the presence of pmws clinical signs. in a farrow-to-finish herd with a history of pmws in animals aged older than 15 weeks, at weaning (21 ± 3 days of age), vaccinated pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with one dose of porcilis(®) pcv v ... | 2012 | 23290117 |
| a cucumber mosaic virus based expression system for the production of porcine circovirus specific vaccines. | potential porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) capsid protein epitopes, suitable for expression on the surface of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) particles were determined by a thorough analysis of the predicted pcv capsid protein structure. the ab initio protein structure prediction was carried out with fold recognition and threading methods. the putative pcv epitopes were selected on the basis of pcv virion models and integrated into the plant virus coat protein, after amino acid position 131. the rec ... | 2012 | 23285149 |
| comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection in light and heavy pigs of market age on farms with routine pcv2 vaccination. | commercial vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are widely used on swine farms. marked body weight variation at marketing age is a problem on conventional pig farms using all-in/all-out barn management. the aim of this study was to investigate whether pcv2 infection could be a factor influencing body weight variation. seven conventional farms that routinely used pcv2 vaccination were selected, and 60 serum samples from light and heavy pigs at each site were tested for pcv2 antibody ... | 2012 | 23277702 |
| preliminary study of porcine circovirus type 2 and torque teno sus virus coinfection frequencies in brazilian pig herds. | torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) is emergent in swine herds. recent studies have shown an increased frequency of ttsuv2 in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases (pcvad), which are endemic in many swine-producing countries, including brazil. coinfection with several other viral and bacterial agents results in an increased incidence of more severe pcvad. given the limited information on ttsuv and pcv2 coinfection, especially in brazilian swine herds, this study made a preliminary estim ... | 2012 | 23277695 |
| increased viral load and prevalence of torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2) in pigs experimentally infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). | torque teno sus viruses (ttsuvs) are considered non-pathogenic viruses, although lately they have been linked to porcine circovirus diseases, mainly with post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). these associations point out a possible pathogenic role of ttsuvs or, alternatively, that ttsuv replication is up-regulated under disease conditions. in order to further explore the association of ttsuvs with disease occurrence, ttsuvs prevalence and viral load were assessed before and after a ... | 2012 | 23274109 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method to rapidly detect porcine circovirus genotypes 2a and 2b. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), is nowadays associated with a number of diseases known as porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad), especially postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the epidemiological investigation of pcv2 infection was usually conducted by pcr, nested pcr, pcr-rflp, taqman-based assay and nucleotide sequencing. however, there is still no rapid, sensitive and practical method for detecting pcv2 genotypes. as a novel nucleic acid amplification method, the loo ... | 2012 | 23270577 |
| association between average daily gain, faecal dry matter content and concentration of lawsonia intracellularis in faeces. | the objective of this study was to investigate the association between average daily gain and the number of lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in faeces of growing pigs with different levels of diarrhoea. | 2012 | 23013807 |
| the effect of infection order of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on dually infected swine alveolar macrophages. | concurrent infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is known as one of the major causes for porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). dual infection with pcv2 and prrsv is consistently to have more severe clinical presentations and pulmonary lesions than infection with pcv2 alone or prrsv alone. however, it is not known if dual infections with pcv2 and prrsv in different infection order may lead to different clinical sympto ... | 2012 | 23009687 |
| use of h-index and other bibliometric indicators to evaluate research productivity outcome on swine diseases. | h-index is the most commonly applied tool to evaluate scientific productivity. in this study, the use of the h-index to evaluate scientific production in swine veterinary medicine was explored. a database of 137 pig infectious agents was constructed, including its taxonomic division, zoonotic potential, status as emerging pathogen and whether it was oie-listed. the h-index and the total number of citations were calculated for those pathogens, the location of the affiliation of the first author o ... | 2016 | 26930283 |
| severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with co-infection with common pathogens in wild boar. | co-infections with parasites or viruses drive tuberculosis dynamics in humans, but little is known about their effects in other non-human hosts. this work aims to investigate the relationship between mycobacterium bovis infection and other pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa), a recognized reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in mediterranean ecosystems. for this purpose, it has been assessed whether contacts with common concomitant pathogens are associated with the development of severe btb le ... | 2014 | 25350002 |
| retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral co-infections in pneumocystis spp. positive lung samples of austrian pigs with pneumonia. | aim of this study was the retrospective investigation of viral (porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), torque teno sus virus type 1 and 2 (ttsuv1, ttsuv2)) and bacterial (bordetella bronchiseptica (b. b.), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. h.), and pasteurella multocida (p. m.)) co-infections in 110 pneumocystis spp. positive lung samples of austrian pigs with pneumonia. fifty-one % were positive for pcv2, 7% for prrsv, 22% for ttsuv1, 48% for t ... | 2016 | 27428002 |
| recent vaccine technology in industrial animals. | various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and rna particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped). although vlp is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original virus, it can induce long-term and cell-mediated immunity. the rna particle vaccine used a venezuela e ... | 2016 | 26866019 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus using real-time pcr and high resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is the important causative agent for infectious infertility, which is a fairly tough virus that multiplies normally in the intestine of pigs without causing clinical signs in the world. | 2015 | 25879634 |
| prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in korea. | in 2008, 102 rodents and 24 stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast south korea were used to determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies ... | 2013 | 23892461 |
| calculation of evolutionary correlation between individual genes and full-length genome: a method useful for choosing phylogenetic markers for molecular epidemiology. | individual genes or regions are still commonly used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among viral isolates. the genomic regions that can faithfully provide assessments consistent with those predicted with full-length genome sequences would be preferable to serve as good candidates of the phylogenetic markers for molecular epidemiological studies of many viruses. here we employed a statistical method to evaluate the evolutionary relationships between individual viral genes and full-lengt ... | 2013 | 24312527 |
| coincidental detection of genomes of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 infecting pigs in japan. | the infection status of 15 viruses in 120 pigs aged about 6 months was investigated based on tonsil specimens collected from a slaughterhouse. only 5 species of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were detected at high frequencies; 67% for porcine parvovirus (ppv) (ppv-kr or -nadl2 as the new abbreviation), 58% for ppv2 (cnp-parv4), 39% for ppv3 (p-parv4), 33% for ppv4 (ppv4), 55% for pbo-likev (pbov7) and 80% for pcv2. a phylogenetic analysis of ppv3 suggested that japanes ... | 2015 | 26166811 |
| activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt signaling pathway during porcine circovirus type 2 infection facilitates cell survival and viral replication. | virus infection activates host cellular signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt pathway, which regulates diverse cellular activities related to cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. the present study demonstrated for the first time that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which is an emerging and important swine disease, can transiently induce the pi3k/akt pathway in cultured cells at an early ... | 2012 | 23035228 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 in china: an update on and insights to its prevalence and control. | currently, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered the major pathogen of porcine circovirus associated-diseases (pcvad) that causes large economic losses for the swine industry in the world annually, including china. since the first report of pcv2 in 1998, it has been drawing tremendous attention for the government, farming enterprises, farmers, and veterinary practitioners. chinese researchers have conducted a number of molecular epidemiological work on pcv2 by molecular approaches in th ... | 2014 | 24885983 |
| porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) increases the expression of endothelial adhesion/junction molecules. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus disease, a complex multisystem syndrome in domestic pigs. despite the significant economic losses caused by porcine circovirus disease, the mechanisms of pathogenesis underlying the clinical findings remain largely unclear. as various reports have highlighted the potential key role of vascular lesions in the pathogenesis of porcine circovirus disease, the aim of this work was to investigate effects of pcv2 infe ... | 2016 | 27522934 |
| recombinant flagellin-porcine circovirus type 2 cap fusion protein promotes protective immune responses in mice. | the cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) that serves as a major host-protective immunogen was used to develop recombinant vaccines for control of pcv2-associated diseases. growing research data have demonstrated the high effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant for humoral and cellular immune responses. here, a recombinant protein was designed by fusing a modified version of bacterial flagellin to pcv2 cap protein and expressed in a baculovirus system. when administered without adjuv ... | 2015 | 26070075 |
| detection of a novel circovirus pcv3 in pigs with cardiac and multi-systemic inflammation. | porcine circovirus 2 causes different clinical syndromes resulting in a significant economic loss in the pork industry. three pigs with unexplained cardiac and multi-organ inflammation that tested negative for pcv2 and other known porcine pathogens were further analyzed. | 2016 | 27835942 |
| immunity elicited by an experimental vaccine based on recombinant flagellin-porcine circovirus type 2 cap fusion protein in piglets. | in a recent study, we reported that a recombinant protein from fusion expression of flagellin to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) cap induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immunity that afforded full protection for pcv2 infection using balb/c mice. here, we further evaluated the immunogenicity and protection of the recombinant protein using specific pathogen free (spf) pigs. twenty-five 3-week-old piglets without passively acquired immunity were divided into 5 groups. all piglets except negat ... | 2016 | 26848967 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 activates cammkβ to initiate autophagy in pk-15 cells by increasing cytosolic calcium. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) induces autophagy via the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (ampk)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (tsc2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) pathway in pig kidney pk-15 cells. however, the underlying mechanisms of ampk activation in autophagy induction remain unknown. with specific inhibitors and rna interference (rnai), we show that pcv2 infection upregulated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ... | 2016 | 27213427 |
| glutamine starvation enhances pcv2 replication via the phosphorylation of p38 mapk, as promoted by reducing glutathione levels. | glutamine has a positive effect on ameliorating reproductive failure caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). however, the mechanism by which glutamine affects pcv2 replication remains unclear. this study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamine on pcv2 replication and its underlying mechanisms in vitro. the results show that glutamine promoted pk-15 cell viability. surprisingly, glutamine starvation significantly increased pcv2 replication. the promotion of pcv2 replication by g ... | 2015 | 25879878 |
| global gene expression profiling of myeloid immune cell subsets in response to in vitro challenge with porcine circovirus 2b. | compelling evidence suggests that the early interaction between porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) and the innate immune system is the key event in the pathogenesis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). furthermore, pcv2 has been detected in bone-marrow samples, potentially enabling an easy spread and reservoir for the virus. to assess the gene-expression differences induced by an in-vitro pcv2b infection in different three different myeloid innate immune cell subsets generated from t ... | 2014 | 24618842 |
| pcv2-dna in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded lymph nodes of wild boar (sus scrofa ssp. scrofa): one sampling approach for two laboratory techniques. | superficial inguinal lymph nodes from 72 wild boars examined in a previous immunohistochemical (ihc) study on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were selected for a pcv2 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. four of these lymph nodes were pcv2-ihc strongly positive with pmws histological lesions (outcome 1), 6 weak to mild pcv2-ihc positive without pmws histological lesions (outcome 2) and 62 pcv2-ihc negative. considering ihc the gold standard for diagnosis, the aims of the study were to eval ... | 2012 | 22448643 |
| complex links between natural tuberculosis and porcine circovirus type 2 infection in wild boar. | individuals in natural populations are exposed to a diversity of pathogens which results in coinfections. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between natural infection with tuberculosis (tb) due to infection by bacteria of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in free-ranging eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa). apparent prevalence for tb lesions and pcv2 infection was extremely high in all age classes, including piglets (51% for tb; 85.7% for ... | 2014 | 24991567 |
| exposure of feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states to selected pathogens. | feral swine (sus scrofa) are widely distributed in the united states. in 2011 and 2012, serum samples and tonsils were recovered from 162 and 37 feral swine, respectively, in the us to evaluate exposure to important swine endemic pathogens. antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were found in 2.5% and 25.3% of tested sera, respectively. positive serological reactions against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus p ... | 0 | 25673913 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) evolution before and after the vaccination introduction: a large scale epidemiological study. | since their commercialization, vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been the cornerstone control strategy. nevertheless, the periodic emergence of new genotype waves and the recent reports of vaccine failure outbreaks have raised the question if widespread vaccination strategies could have driven viral evolution and affected different genotype fitness. to investigate this issue an in-deep analysis, based on a bioinformatics and biostatistics approach, has been implemented. orf2 ... | 2016 | 27991573 |
| identification of putative orf5 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 and functional analysis of gfp-fused orf5 protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent responsible for causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases in pigs. to date, eleven rnas and five viral proteins of pcv2 have been detected. here, we identified a novel viral gene within the pcv2 genome, termed orf5, that exists at both the transcriptional and translational level during productive infection of pcv2 in porcine alveolar macrophages 3d4/2 (pams). northern blot analysis was used to demonstrate that the orf5 gene ... | 2015 | 26035722 |
| evaluation of the capability of the pcv2 genome to encode mirnas: lack of viral mirna expression in an experimental infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a ssdna virus causing pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd), one of the most important diseases in swine. micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of small non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. viral mirnas have recently been described and the number of viral mirnas has been increasing in the past few years. in this study, small rna libraries were constructed from two tissues of subclinically pcv2 infected pigs to explore if pcv2 can encode ... | 2015 | 25934266 |
| a serosurvey for selected pathogens in greek european wild boar. | serum samples, collected from 94 european wild boar (sus scrofa) during the hunting seasons 2006 -2010 from different regions of greece, were examined in order to estimate the role of these wildlife species as reservoir of pathogens important for livestock and/or public health. | 2015 | 26392908 |
| involvement of mir-15a in g0/g1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by porcine circovirus type 2 replication. | many viruses exploit the host cell division cycle to favour their own growth. here we demonstrated that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which is a major causative agent of an emerging and important swine disease complex, pcv2-associated diseases, caused g0/g1 cell cycle arrest through degradation of cyclin d1 and e followed by reduction of retinoblastoma phosphorylation in synchronized pcv2-infected cells dependent upon virus replication. this induction of g0/g1 cell cycle arrest promoted pcv2 ... | 2016 | 27302568 |
| rna-seq analysis reveals genes underlying different disease responses to porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an economically important pathogen, causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and other syndrome diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). previous studies revealed breed-dependent differences in porcine susceptibility to pcv2; however, the genetic mechanism underlying different resistance to pcv2 infection remains largely unknown. in this study, we found that yorkshire × landrace (yl) pigs exhibited serious cli ... | 2016 | 27171165 |
| overexpression of pig selenoprotein s blocks ota-induced promotion of pcv2 replication by inhibiting oxidative stress and p38 phosphorylation in pk15 cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary cause of porcine circovirus disease, and ochratoxin a (ota)-induced oxidative stress promotes pcv2 replication. in humans, selenoprotein s (sels) has antioxidant ability, but it is unclear whether sels affects viral infection. here, we stably transfected pk15 cells with pig pcdna3.1-sels to overexpress sels. selenium (se) at 2 or 4 μm and sels overexpression blocked the ota-induced increases of pcv2 dna copy number and infected cell numbers. sels o ... | 0 | 26943035 |
| no clear effect of initiating vaccination against common endemic infections on the amounts of prescribed antimicrobials for danish weaner and finishing pigs during 2007-2013. | it is often stated that vaccines may help reduce antimicrobial use in swine production. however, limited evidence is available outside clinical trials. we studied the change in amounts of antimicrobials prescribed for weaners and finishers in herds following initiation of vaccination against five common endemic infections: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, porcine circovirus type ii, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and lawsonia intracellularis. compa ... | 2016 | 28138438 |
| a survey of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) associated pathogens among commercial pig farms of korea via oral fluid method. | oral fluid analysis for monitoring herd is an interest in commercial pig farms in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the positive rates and correlation of eight pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) by analyzing oral fluid samples from 214 pig groups from 56 commercial farms. the samples collected by rope-chewing method were analyzed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or standard pcr depending on microorganisms. the pathogens ... | 2016 | 27586468 |
| erythema multiforme associated with respiratory disease in a commercial breeding pig herd. | this study describes an erythema multiforme (em) in breeding sows, after their mixing in the group housing system. sows at 30-35 days of gestation showed red and raised skin areas, depression, anorexia, fever, respiratory problems, and increased return to estrus. blood and nasal samples from diseased sows were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for respiratory pathogens. hematological and biochemical analyses were performed on the blood sampl ... | 2015 | 26266696 |
| association of swine influenza h1n1 pandemic virus (siv-h1n1p) with porcine respiratory disease complex in sows from commercial pig farms in colombia. | porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. prdc is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (myh), actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app), pasteurella multocida and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). to characterize the specific role of swine influenza virus in prdc presentation in colombia, 1 ... | 2014 | 25160760 |
| occurrence and severity of lung lesions in slaughter pigs vaccinated against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with different strategies. | different vaccination strategies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been adopted worldwide. reports from the field indicate varying levels of protection among currently available vaccines. the goal of the present study was to compare the efficacies of three widespread commercial vaccination strategies against m. hyopneumoniae under field conditions. 20 farms were included. 14 farms used different single dose vaccines (vaccine 1 [v1], 8 herds; vaccine 2 [v2], 6 herds); another 6 farms (v3) use ... | 2014 | 24485705 |
| improvement of technical results following use of ingelvac circoflex in a dutch organic breeding and fattening farm: a case report. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a ubiquitous infection and major cause of production loss for the pig industry. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination against pcv2 on technical results of pigs on an organic breeding and fattening farm, focussing on growth and mortality of weaned piglets and fattening pigs. the study was based on retrospective data between january 2009 and may 2011. during the study period, three subsequent vaccination strategies were used: 1. stellam ... | 2013 | 23923656 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| simultaneous typing of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr with a gexp analyser. | a novel high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr based on a genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyser. the pathogens included in this study were pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). sev ... | 2016 | 26706731 |
| insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) for rapid and sensitive detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is an oie-listed disease that can have a severe impact on the swine industry. user-friendly, sensitive, rapid diagnostic tests that utilize low-cost field-deployable instruments for csf diagnosis can be useful for disease surveillance and outbreak monitoring. in this study, we describe validation of a new probe-based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on a compact, user-friendly dev ... | 2016 | 25644051 |
| a new nanopcr molecular assay for detection of porcine bocavirus. | nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) is a novel method for the rapid amplification of dna and has been used for the detection of virus. for detection of porcine bocavirus (pbov), a sensitive and specific nanopcr assay was developed with a pair of primers that were designed based on ns1 gene sequences available in genbank. under the optimized conditions of the pbov nanopcr assay, the nanopcr assay was 100-fold more sensitive than a conventional pcr assay. the lower detection ... | 2014 | 24642242 |
| a nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay to improve the sensitivity for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies virus and gene-deleted vaccine strains. | nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) is a novel method for the rapid amplification of dna and has been adopted for the detection of virus because of its simplicity, rapidity, and specificity. a nanopcr assay was developed to detect and differentiate wild-type and gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (prv). three pairs of primers for nanopcr developed in this study were selected from conserved regions of prv, producing specific amplicons of 431 bp (gb), 316 bp (ge), and 202 bp (gg ... | 2013 | 23872268 |
| optimization of virus detection in cells using massively parallel sequencing. | massively parallel sequencing (mps)-based virus detection has potential regulatory applications. we studied the ability of one of these approaches, based on degenerate oligonucleotide primer (dop)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), to detect viral sequences in cell lines known to express viral genes or particles. dop-pcr was highly sensitive for the detection of small quantities of isolated viral sequences. detected viral sequences included nodavirus, bracovirus, and endogenous retroviruses in hig ... | 2014 | 24309095 |
| microbiome associations in pigs with the best and worst clinical outcomes following co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | on a world-wide basis, co-infections involving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are common and contribute to a range of polymicrobial disease syndromes in swine. both viruses compromise host defenses, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections by primary and secondary pathogens that can affect growth performance as well as increased morbidity and mortality. an experimental population of 95 pigs was co-infected with prrsv an ... | 2016 | 27139023 |
| discovery and complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus-like virus in the endangered rowi kiwi, apteryx rowi. | circoviruses are circular, non-enveloped, single-stranded dna viruses around 2000 nucleotides (nt) in length and include the pathogenic species, porcine circovirus 1 and beak and feather disease virus, capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality. this group of viruses may be robust to degradation by external environments, and avian circoviruses are known to move between closely related hosts. using a de novo metagenomic approach, followed by confirmatory pcr, we identify for the first ... | 2016 | 27115421 |
| orbivirus infections in collared peccaries (tayassu tajacu) in southeastern brazil. | we surveyed 49 free-living collared peccaries (pecari tajacu) in brazil for antibodies against bluetongue virus (btv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). antibodies against btv were detected in 19/49 (39%) samples. all samples were negative for pcv2. the importance of antibodies to btv in collared peccaries remains to be determined. | 2012 | 22247399 |
| swine infectious agents in tayassu pecari and pecari tajacu tissue samples from brazil. | peccaries and pigs, tayassuidae and suidae respectively, diverged approximately one million years ago from a common ancestor. because these families share some pathogens, peccaries can act as reservoirs of infectious pathogens for domestic and wild swine. we evaluated the presence of swine infectious agents in the spleen and lung tissues of white-lipped peccaries (wlp; tayassu pecari) and collared peccaries (cp; pecari tajacu) in brazil. samples from 10 adult cp and three wlp, which had been hun ... | 2014 | 24484498 |
| detection of contaminants in cell cultures, sera and trypsin. | the aim of this study was standardization and application of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of contaminants in cell cultures, sera and trypsin. five pcr protocols were standardized to assess the presence of genetic material from mycoplasma, porcine circovirus 1 (pcv1), bovine leukemia virus (blv) or bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cell culture samples. pcr reactions for the genes gapdh and beta-actin were used to evaluate the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction. the pc ... | 2013 | 24071554 |
| unbiased analysis by high throughput sequencing of the viral diversity in fetal bovine serum and trypsin used in cell culture. | fetal bovine serum (fbs) and trypsin are reagents used in cell culture and have been the source of viral contamination of pharmaceutical products. we performed high throughput sequencing (hts) of two pools of commercial batches of fbs and three commercial batches of trypsin. taxonomies were assigned by comparing sequences of contigs and singletons to the entire ncbi nucleic acid and protein databases. the same major viral species were evidenced between batches of a given reagent but the proporti ... | 2014 | 24661556 |
| evaluation of cells and biological reagents for adventitious agents using degenerate primer pcr and massively parallel sequencing. | we employed a massively parallel sequencing (mps)-based approach to test reagents and model cell substrates including chinese hamster ovary (cho), madin-darby canine kidney (mdck), african green monkey kidney (vero), and high five insect cell lines for adventitious agents. rna and dna were extracted either directly from the samples or from viral capsid-enriched preparations, and then subjected to mps-based non-specific virus detection with degenerate oligonucleotide primer (dop) pcr. mps by 454, ... | 2014 | 25454874 |
| development and characterization of two porcine monocyte-derived macrophage cell lines. | cell lines cδ2+ and cδ2- were developed from monocytes obtained from a 10-month-old, crossbred, female pig. these cells morphologically resembled macrophages, stained positively for α-naphthyl esterase and negatively for peroxidase. the cell lines were bactericidal and highly phagocytic. both cell lines expressed the porcine cell-surface molecules mhci, cd11b, cd14, cd16, cd172, and small amounts of cd2; however, only minimal amounts of cd163 were measured. the lines were negative for the mouse ... | 2013 | 23610747 |
| diagnostic performance of fecal quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteropathy in nursery pigs. | quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) tests for detection and quantification of lawsonia intracellularis in feces from pigs have been developed. the objective of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a fecal qpcr test for detection of nursery pigs with l. intracellularis-associated proliferative enteropathy (pe) under field conditions. furthermore, the diagnostic performance for different subpopulations of pigs was investigated, including pigs infected or noninf ... | 2013 | 23536614 |
| a serosurvey for brucella suis, classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and pseudorabies virus in feral swine (sus scrofa) of eastern north carolina. | as feral swine (sus scrofa) populations expand their range and the opportunity for feral swine hunting increases, there is increased potential for disease transmission that may impact humans, domestic swine, and wildlife. from september 2007 to march 2010, in 13 north carolina, usa, counties and at howell woods environmental learning center, we conducted a serosurvey of feral swine for brucella suis, pseudorabies virus (prv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); the samples obtained at howell ... | 2012 | 22493123 |
| comparative clinical sample preparation of dna and rna viral nucleic acids for a commercial deep sequencing system (illumina miseq(®)). | sequence-independent methods for viral discovery have been widely used for whole genome sequencing of viruses. different protocols for viral enrichment, library preparation and sequencing have increasingly been more available and at lower costs. however, no study to date has focused on optimization of viral sample preparation for commercial deep sequencing. accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate an in-house enzymatic protocol for double-stranded dna (dsdna) synthesis and also ... | 2015 | 25901649 |