| effect of vaccination of boars against porcine circovirus type 2 on ejaculate characteristics, serum antibody titers, viremia, and semen virus shedding. | the objective of this research was to determine the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on ejaculate characteristics, pcv2-specific antibody titers in serum, viremia, and viral shedding in the semen of pcv2-positive boars. before vaccination, all boars were confirmed by pcr to be naturally infected with pcv2. the boars were vaccinated with a commercial killed vaccine against pcv2 (n = 5) or served as controls and received 2 ml of 0.9% saline (n = 5). semen and blood sa ... | 2010 | 21169515 |
| cytokine and chemokine mrna expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected or coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo). | the objective of this study was to determine cytokine and chemokine mrna expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo), or coinfected with both. twenty-eight pigs were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) negative controls (neg), (2) inoculated with mhyo (imhyo), (3) inoculated with mhyo and pcv2 (coi), and (4) inoculated with pcv2 (ipcv2). mhyo infection significantly (p<0.05) stim ... | 2010 | 21176971 |
| global genetic diversity and geographical and host-species distribution of beak and feather disease virus isolates. | psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) has a broad host range and is widespread in wild and captive psittacine populations in asia, africa, the americas, europe and australasia. beak and feather disease circovirus (bfdv) is the causative agent. bfdv has an ∼2 kb single stranded circular dna genome encoding just two proteins (rep and cp). in this study we provide support for demarcation of bfdv strains by phylogenetic analysis of 65 complete genomes from databases and 22 new bfdv sequences is ... | 2010 | 21177924 |
| possible cross-species transmission of circoviruses and cycloviruses among farm animals. | circoviruses consist of highly prevalent and genetically diverse porcine and avian pathogens. the genomes of cycloviruses, a proposed new genus in the family circoviridae, were recently identified in human and chimpanzee faeces. here, six cyclovirus and four circovirus genomes from the tissues of chickens, goats, cows, and a bat were amplified and sequenced using rolling-circle amplification and inverse pcr. a goat cyclovirus was nearly identical to a cyclovirus from a cow. usa beef contained ci ... | 2010 | 21177928 |
| observations of variable inter-observer agreement for clinical evaluation of faecal consistency in grow-finishing pigs. | inter-observer agreement for assessment of faecal consistency in pigs was evaluated using a scoring system with 3 categories. in a pilot study, 3 observers performed an examination of faecal samples post-collection. the samples were obtained from pigs (12-13 weeks old) in 4 herds with a history of diarrhoea associated with lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira spp. and/or porcine circovirus type 2. observer 1 examined all the faecal samples from the 4 herds. observer 2 only examined the faecal s ... | 2010 | 21183234 |
| spread of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in ontario (canada) swine herds: part ii. matched case-control study. | the emergence of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) was associated with high mortality in swine populations worldwide. studies performed in different regions identified spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal trends as factors contributing to patterns of the disease spread. patterns consistent with spatial trend and spatio-temporal clustering were already identified in this dataset. on the basis of these results, we have further investigated the nature of local spread in this report. t ... | 2010 | 21190586 |
| spread of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in ontario (canada) swine herds: part i. exploratory spatial analysis. | the systemic form of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), also known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was initially detected in the early 1990s. starting in 2004, the canadian swine industry experienced considerable losses due to pcvad, concurrent with a shift in genotype of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). objectives of the current study were to explore spatial characteristics of self-reported pcvad distribution in ontario between 2004 and 2008, and to investigate ... | 2010 | 21190587 |
| rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using a taqman-based real-time pcr. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and the associated disease postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) have caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws. to establish a sensitive, specific assay for the detection and quantitation of pcv2, we designed and synthesized specific primers and a probe in the open reading frame 2. the assay had a wide dynamic range with excellent linearit ... | 2010 | 21192832 |
| post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) clinical expression under field conditions is modulated by the pig genetic background. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a worldwide distributed disease of multifactorial origin and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been identified as its essential infectious aetiology. pig genetic background has been pointed to influence disease expression. in the present study, three different boar lines, namely a (100% pietrain), b (50% large white × 50% pietrain) and c (25% large white × 75% duroc), were used to inseminate sows from the same genetic line (37.5% large whi ... | 2010 | 21215535 |
| [vaccination schedule of the spanish association of paediatrics: recommendations 2011]. | the advisory committee on vaccines of the spanish paediatric association updates annually the immunization schedule, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. this vaccination schedule includes grades of recommendation. the committee has graded as universal vaccines those that all children should receive, as recommended, those with a profile of universal vaccines of childhood and as are desirable those that all children may rece ... | 2011 | 21215719 |
| one dose of a porcine circovirus 2 subunit vaccine induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protects against porcine circovirus-associated disease under field conditions. | this study investigated the efficacy of a one-dose porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) subunit vaccine based on the pcv2 cap protein expressed in a baculovirus system on two different farms at which a history of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvd) was present. morbidity, mortality, average daily weight gain, carcass weight, pcv2 load in serum and vaccine immunogenicity were assessed. serology to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was perform ... | 2010 | 21216540 |
| investigations on the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of intestinal trichomonads in pigs using in situ hybridization. | in pigs, three different trichomonad species (tritrichomonas foetus, tetratrichomonas buttreyi and tritrichomonas rotunda) have been described as commensals in the large intestine. the aim of this study was to gain further knowledge on the prevalence and pathogenicity of trichomonads in pigs by using a morphology-based approach. chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) is a technique which allows direct localization of the protozoa in the intestinal tissue and correlation of the infection with pa ... | 2010 | 21236578 |
| a meta-analysis comparing the effect of pcv2 vaccines on average daily weight gain and mortality rate in pigs from weaning to slaughter. | the aim of this investigation was, through a meta-analysis, to review the published literature concerning the effect of pcv2 vaccination on the average daily weight gain (adg) and on the mortality rate in pigs from weaning to slaughter. the review was restricted to studies investigating the effect of vaccines against pcv2 published from 2006 to 2008, identified using computerised literature databases. only studies that met the following criteria were included: commercial vaccines were used, pigs ... | 2011 | 21239076 |
| a candidate inactivated chimeric vaccine pcv1-2 constructed based on pcv1 and pcv2 isolates originating in china and its evaluation in conventional pigs in regard to protective efficacy against pcv2 infection. | a chimeric pcv1-2 clone containing the pcv2 capsid gene cloned into the backbone of the nonpathogenic pcv1 genome was recently generated based on pcv2 and pcv1 strains isolated in china. the efficacy of this available candidate inactivated vaccine was evaluated by subjecting conventional pigs to intramuscular immunization with the inactivated chimeric pcv1-2 virus, followed by challenge with wild-type pcv2 strain. by 35 days post-vaccination (dpv), all vaccinated pigs had developed seroconversio ... | 2011 | 21244470 |
| development of an in situ assay for simultaneous detection of the genomic and replicative form of pcv2 using padlock probes and rolling circle amplification. | in this study we utilized padlock probes and rolling circle amplification as a mean to detect and study the replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in cultured cells and in infected tissue. porcine circovirus type 2 is a single-stranded circular dna virus associated with several severe diseases, porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) in pigs, such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. the exact reason and mechanisms behind the trigger of pcv2 replication that is associated with thes ... | 2011 | 21261961 |
| utility of a panviral microarray for detection of swine respiratory viruses in clinical samples. | several factors have recently converged, elevating the need for highly parallel diagnostic platforms that have the ability to detect many known, novel, and emerging pathogenic agents simultaneously. panviral dna microarrays represent the most robust approach for massively parallel viral surveillance and detection. the virochip is a panviral dna microarray that is capable of detecting all known viruses, as well as novel viruses related to known viral families, in a single assay and has been used ... | 2011 | 21270231 |
| commercially produced spray-dried porcine plasma contains increased concentrations of porcine circovirus type 2 dna but does not transmit porcine circovirus type 2 when fed to naive pigs. | the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antibody and dna status of porcine plasma products collected during the commercial spray-drying process were evaluated. samples evaluated included 52 pooled liquid plasma (fresh) samples collected at 14 regional abattoirs before transport to 1 of 2 spray-drying facilities, 32 pooled liquid plasma (concentrated) samples collected after arrival at the spray-drying facilities at different stages before the spray-drying process, and 32 samples in powdered form (s ... | 2011 | 21278103 |
| viral distribution and lesions in kunming mice experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2b. | the viral distribution and lesions in kunming mice experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2b (pcv-2b) were investigated. seventy special pathogen free mice were divided into 2 groups with 35 mice in each group. the test group (tg) was infected with pcv-2b, the control group (cg) was inoculated with sterile cell cultures. five mice in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 dpi (day post infection), respectively. necropsies were performed on all mice and tissues we ... | 2011 | 21287271 |
| the porcine circovirus type 1 capsid gene promoter improves antigen expression and immunogenicity in a hiv-1 plasmid vaccine. | one of the promising avenues for development of vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other human pathogens is the use of plasmid-based dna vaccines. however, relatively large doses of plasmid must be injected for a relatively weak response. we investigated whether genome elements from porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv-1), an apathogenic small ssdna-containing virus, had useful expression-enhancing properties that could allow dose-sparing in a plasmid vaccine. | 2011 | 21299896 |
| the nuclear localization signal sequence of porcine circovirus type 2 orf2 enhances intracellular delivery of plasmid dna. | the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is a natural barrier that prevents large molecules from entering the cell. cationic liposomes are commonly used for transfection of plasmid dna but they have high cost and toxicity. many reports have shown that cell-penetrating peptides (cpp) are able to translocate across the cell membrane efficiently. the vp22 peptide of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was synthesized as a cpp. two fusion protein candidates, containing binding/condensing protein (vp22-t ... | 2011 | 21305328 |
| chimeric porcine circoviruses (pcv) containing amino acid epitope tags in the c terminus of the capsid gene are infectious and elicit both anti-epitope tag antibodies and anti-pcv type 2 neutralizing antibodies in pigs. | a chimeric porcine circovirus (pcv1-2) with the capsid gene of pathogenic pcv2 cloned into the genomic backbone of nonpathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in pigs but elicits protective immunity against pcv2. in this study, short epitope tags were inserted into the c terminus of the capsid protein of the chimeric pcv1-2 vaccine virus, resulting in a tractable marker virus that is infectious both in vitro and in vivo. pigs experimentally infected with the epitope-tagged pcv1-2 vaccine viruses produced t ... | 2011 | 21307200 |
| pathological observations of an experimental infection of geese with goose circovirus. | there is so far no report describing the pathogenicity of goose circovirus (gocv) following experimental infection. we report here an experimental inoculation of 21-day-old geese with a gocv polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-positive sample of bursa of fabricius (bf) homogenate, and the results of clinicopathological changes. forty geese were randomly assigned to two groups: the inoculated group (n=30) receiving tissue homogenate and the uninoculated group (n=10) receiving a placebo (physiological ... | 2011 | 21331948 |
| experimental reproduction of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in pigs infected with pcv2 alone or concurrently with lawsonia intracellularis or salmonella typhimurium. | porcine circovirus (pcv)-associated disease (pcvad) has emerged to become one of the most economically important pig diseases globally. one of the less commonly recognized clinical manifestations of pcvad is pcv2 type 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in growing pigs; however, experimental confirmation of the ability of pcv2 alone or pcv2 coinfection with other agent(s) to induce enteritis is lacking. in this study, 120 specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were divided randomly into six groups: control ... | 2011 | 21334002 |
| characterization of a new disease syndrome associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in previously vaccinated herds. | porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad) encompasses a group of wasting syndromes linked to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). this paper describes a new pcv2 disease syndrome, called acute pulmonary edema (ape), which, unlike other pcvad syndromes, has a peracute onset and is associated with herds vaccinated for pcv2. | 2011 | 21346043 |
| absence of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and high prevalence of pcv 2 exposure and infection in swine finisher herds. | porcine circovirus (pcv) appeared in 1974 as an unidentified, innocuous viral inhabitant of cell cultures and pigs. today pcv1 is a contaminant of some human vaccines, and pcv2 is a major pathogen of swine. pcv1 is reportedly ubiquitous in swine but nonpathogenic. since the interplay of pcv1 and pcv2 in swine might explain variable disease results and shed light on the potential for human exposure, we analyzed in depth the prevalence of pcv1 and pcv2 infection and exposure in the u.s. finishing ... | 2011 | 21352865 |
| comparative efficacy of commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with m. hyopneumoniae and pcv2. | the efficacies of two commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) vaccines were compared in conventional pigs immunized at different ages based on humoral response, pathological observation, and growth performance from birth to finishing (175 days of age) using a m. hyopneumoniae and pcv2 co-infection challenge model. one-week-old pigs (n=110) were randomly assigned to five groups: three vaccinated and challenged (vc), and one each of non-vaccinated and challeng ... | 2011 | 21354247 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets from pmws-affected and -negative farms in thailand. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the major swine pathogen associated with porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). currently, there are 4 subtypes of pcv2 (pcv2a, b, c and d) and some epidemiological evidences demonstrated that virulence of pcv2 may relate to its subtypes. recently, pmws was observed more frequently in swine farms in thailand; however, the information regarding to pcv2 subtype involved was limited. therefore, ... | 2011 | 21356069 |
| reproductive losses associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in a japanese herd of seronegative sows. | from april to july 2009, there was a high rate of reproductive losses in a 30-sow, farrow-to-finish swine herd in yamagata prefecture, japan. histopathological examinations of heart tissue from stillborn and preweaning piglets showed nonsuppurative, necrotizing lesions. immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis of myocardial lesions revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigens and dna in these tissues. indirect immunofluorescence also showed that t ... | 2011 | 21358147 |
| epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in jeju island, korea. | epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary pneumocystis (p.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on jeju island, korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the department of veterinary medicine, jeju national university. the submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, pcr/rt-pcr, and bacteriology. p. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lym ... | 2011 | 21368558 |
| interlaboratory comparison of porcine circovirus-2 indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on experimentally infected pigs. | a blinded interlaboratory assessment of the diagnostic agreement and accuracy of serologic tests for routine detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2), including indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifats) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) was conducted in 7 north american laboratories. serum samples were collected weekly, on trial days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49, from the following groups of animals: 1) negative controls (n ôçè=ôçè 7), 2) pcv-2a (n ôçè=ôçè ... | 2011 | 21398438 |
| theoretical and experimental approaches to estimate the usefulness of pooled serum samples for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | classical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) diagnosis is based on postmortem findings (histopathology plus viral detection in lymphoid tissues). because one of the major differences between pmws-affected and nonaffected pigs is porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) load in serum and tissues, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic technique for the disease. the objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of qp ... | 2011 | 21398441 |
| detection of influenza a virus in porcine oral fluid samples. | porcine oral fluids have been used for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2. the objective of the present study was to determine whether influenza a virus (fluav) is present in porcine oral fluids at detectable levels and to validate a standard fluav molecular diagnostic test for porcine oral fluids. pen-based oral fluid samples were collected on 3, 4, 5, and 6 days postinfection (dpi) from 4 groups of 6 pigs each that were inoculated intr ... | 2011 | 21398442 |
| porcine teschovirus polioencephalomyelitis in western canada. | beginning in 2002, a small number of pig farms in western canada began reporting 4-7-week-old pigs with bilateral hind-end paresis or paralysis. low numbers of pigs were affected, some died, most had to be euthanized, and those that survived had reduced weight gains and neurological deficits. necropsies revealed no gross lesions, but microscopic lesions consisted of a nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis, most severe in the brain stem and spinal cord. the lesions were most consistent with a vir ... | 2011 | 21398466 |
| specific, simple and rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). it has caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws. | 2011 | 21414233 |
| porcine circovirus-associated disease in weaner pigs in western australia. | to report the occurrence and pathology of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) of postweaning pigs in two australian pig herds. | 2011 | 21418168 |
| antibody recognition of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein epitopes after vaccination, infection, and disease. | open reading frame 2 (orf2) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) codes for the 233-amino-acid capsid protein (cp). baculovirus-based vaccines that express only orf2 are protective against clinical disease following experimental challenge or natural infection. the goal of this study was to identify regions in cp preferentially recognized by sera from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs and to compare these responses to those of pigs diagnosed with porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcv ... | 2011 | 21430122 |
| modification of pcv-2 virulence by substitution of the genogroup motif of the capsid protein. | abstract: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is the causal agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pcv-2 are small single-stranded circular dna viruses clustered into two main genogroups: pcv-2a and pcv-2b. each genogroup present a specific highly-conserved motif of six amino acids (between amino acids 86 and 91) in the pcv-2 capsid protein. the aim of this study was to verify whether the motif located in the capsid protein and specific to each pcv-2 genogroup contributes ... | 2011 | 21435235 |
| expression of the putative orf1 capsid protein of torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2) and development of western blot and elisa serodiagnostic assays: correlation between ttsuv2 viral load and igg antibody level in pigs. | porcine torque teno virus (ttv) has a single-stranded circular dna genome and is currently classified into a new genus iotatorquevirus with two species in a newly established family anelloviridae. viral dna of both porcine ttv species (ttsuv1 and ttsuv2) has a high prevalence in both healthy and diseased pigs worldwide and multiple infections of ttsuv with distinct genotypes or subtypes of the same species has been documented in the united states and in europe. however, the prevalence of specifi ... | 2011 | 21439334 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the romanian wild boar population. | in this study, we have analyzed 23 pcv2 orf2 sequences recovered from wild boar population in romania. the pcv2 sequences were originated from different geographical regions in romania, and collected between 2008 and 2009 during the classical swine fever virus (csfv) surveillance campaign. complete open reading frame 2 (orf2) nucleotide sequences were obtained and compared with sequences mainly from european and asian isolates. the romanian sequences were identified as belonging to previously de ... | 2011 | 21453946 |
| commercial spray-dried porcine plasma does not transmit porcine circovirus type 2 in weaned pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate if spray dried porcine plasma (sdpp) containing porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome supplemented in feed could transmit pcv2 to pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). twenty-three prrsv-free pigs, non-viraemic for pcv2, were housed in bio-safety level 3 facilities and assigned to four groups in a 2×2 factorial design consisting of prrsv challenge and a negative control. the diet contained 0 or 8kg sdpp per ... | 2011 | 21458335 |
| natural recombinants derived from different patterns of recombination between two pcv2b parental strains. | porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) are globally emerging diseases that have huge economic impacts on swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered to be the essential primary causative agent of pcvd. in the present study, recombination analyses of pcv2 identified two possible recombination events with high confidence using recombination detection program, phylogenetic analysis and base-by-base comparison. these recombination events occurred between strains 09cq (hq395024) and zh ... | 2011 | 21458511 |
| expression and antigenicity characterization for truncated capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify f2-1, f2-2, and xf2-2 truncated capsid protein genes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). amplified sequences were subcloned to pet-32a(+) vectors and expressed in rosetta (de3) escherichia coli by induction of isopropy-ß-d-thiogalactoside (iptg). all of the fusion proteins had positive reactions to pcv-2 antiserum and his-xf2-2 showed the best reactivity. proteins were used to immunize balb/c mice to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs), ... | 2011 | 21461197 |
| patterns of condemnation rates in swine from a federally inspected abattoir in relation to disease outbreak information in ontario (2005-2007). | strong correlations between clinical signs on farms and the presence of lesions at slaughter have been reported. the objective of this study was to determine if changes in condemnation rates provide a data source for surveillance of disease outbreaks in pigs. the data were obtained from 1 abattoir in ontario (2005-2007). the epidemiological relevance of the results was based on an outbreak of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in ontario in 2005. the total condemnations and condemnati ... | 2011 | 21461204 |
| [investigation of the prevalence of swine torque teno virus in austria]. | in the present retrospective study, serum samples from a total of 253 pigs of different age groups from 83 farms collected in the year 2008 were included.the sera were analysed for the presence of torque teno virus (ttv) genogroups 1 and 2. furthermore, the correlation between ttv and pcv-2 was investigated. 62.1% of the pigs were positive for ttv1 and/or ttv2 by pcr. 21.7% of the samples were positive for ttv1 and ttv2, 16.2% only for ttv1 and 23.3% only for ttv2. in 80.7% of the investigated f ... | 2011 | 21465770 |
| [coinfection effects of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in vivo on phagocytosis and interferon mrna expression of porcine alveolar macrophages]. | our study is to analyse the coinfection effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in vivo on phagocytosis and interferon mrna expression level of porcine alveolar macrophages (pam). | 2011 | 21465796 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination is effective in reducing disease and pcv2 shedding in semen of boars concurrently infected with pcv2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | the objectives were to determine whether the amount of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in semen increased in boars experimentally coinfected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo), and whether pcv2 vaccination of boars prior to pcv2 exposure reduced pcv2 viremia and virus shedding in semen. twelve specific-pathogen-free pcv2- and mhyo-naïve boars were randomly and equally assigned to one of four groups. six boars were vaccinated against pcv2 (vac) on day 0; three pcv2 vaccinated and three no ... | 2011 | 21496897 |
| the studies on the transfection of egfp-fused porcine circovirus type 2 genome. | the study described the construction and transfection of egfp-fused porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome and the recovery of the virus. post-transfection, pcv2 (orf1)-egfp/psk, pcv2 (orf3)-egfp/psk, pcv2 (orf4)-egfp/psk, and pcv2(orf5)-egfp/psk showed no fluorescent signals in transfected cells, while green fluorescent signals were observed in the nucleus of pk-15 cells after pcv2 (orf2)-egfp/psk transfection. the presence of orf2-egfp fusion protein was demonstrated by dual signals of green ... | 2011 | 21502729 |
| phylogenetic networks to study the origin and evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in cuba. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential etiological infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is considered one of the most economically important swine diseases worldwide. in this study, a comparison between methodologies based on classical phylogenetic trees and networks to infer the origin of pcv2 in cuba was performed. in addition, the mechanisms supporting the genetic variability of cuban pcv2 populations were investigated. a retrospective study, ... | 2011 | 21507587 |
| vitamin e and selenium levels are within normal range in pigs diagnosed with mulberry heart disease and evidence for viral involvement in the syndrome is lacking. | mulberry heart disease (mhd) in pigs is characterized by lesions of acute haemorrhagic myocarditis and myocardial necrosis. the objectives of this study were to determine the levels of vitamin e and selenium and 13 other trace minerals in heart and liver tissues and to determine the prevalence of certain viral infections in heart tissues from mhd-affected and mhd-unaffected pigs and the vitamin e and selenium concentration in feed samples from selected farms with mhd. based on the pathological e ... | 2011 | 21518323 |
| first detection and analysis of a fish circovirus. | circoviruses are present worldwide in birds and pigs but their occurrence in fish has not been reported yet. recently, increased mortality was observed in barbel fry (barbus barbus) in hungary. the paper reports the detection of previously unknown circular viral dna genomes in barbels by the use of a circovirus specific wide range nested polymerase chain reaction. the analysis of two complete genomes (barbel circovirus, bacv1 and bacv2) indicated that they belonged into a new genetic group withi ... | 2011 | 21525210 |
| natural co-infection of torque teno virus and porcine circovirus 2 in the reproductive apparatus of swine. | this work aimed to detect and study natural co-infection of circoviridae torque teno virus (ttv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in the swine reproductive apparatus. semen and organs from 17 boars were tested by nested and real-time pcr. pcv2 was amplified from semen (47%), lymph nodes (84.6%) and testicles (35.3%). ttv2 was amplified from 16/17 testis and 13/13 lymph nodes. ttv1 dna was detected in fewer testicle samples (2/17), which were also ttv2 positive. analyzed ovaries, follicular fluid ... | 2011 | 21529865 |
| association of porcine circovirus type 2 with vascular lesions in porcine pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the vasculature in porcine circovirus type 2-infected (pcv2-infected) lungs and to identify the pcv2 subtypes involved in porcine pneumonia. pulmonary samples from 140 pigs, 2 weeks to 7 months of age, from 36 hungarian commercial herds with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory pathogens, with bacterial culture, pathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for pcv2, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome v ... | 2011 | 21551427 |
| molecular and infectivity studies of porcine circovirus in vaccines. | this report describes fda's laboratory response to the 2010 reports that porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv-1) dna was present in u.s.-licensed rotavirus vaccines and in cells used to produce inactivated poliovirus vaccines. in the present study, rotarix(®) (glaxosmithkline, rixenxart, belgium) was found to contain full-length pcv-1 genomes that are particle-associated, and cell culture assays in swine testis (st) and pcv-free porcine kidney (pk-15) cells confirmed that pcv-1 sequences in this vacci ... | 2011 | 21569811 |
| removal of virus from boar semen spiked with porcine circovirus type 2. | the virus porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with different disease entities, including reproductive failure. the objective of this study was to investigate the use of a semen processing technique for the elimination of infectious pcv2 in semen. pcv2 was chosen as a model virus because of its small size, high resistance to inactivation and as a known risk factor for boar semen contamination. aliquots of ejaculates were spiked with pcv2 and processed by a double processing technique, ... | 2011 | 21592690 |
| intestinal gene expression in pigs experimentally co-infected with pcv2 and ppv. | the objective of the present study was to characterize the local immune reaction in the intestine of pigs experimentally infected with pcv2 and ppv. archived intestinal material from an experimental study in which pigs were co-infected with a swedish isolate of pcv2 (s-pcv2) and ppv, or a reference isolate of pcv2 (pcv2-1010) and ppv, were used. the intestinal samples were analysed by qpcr for expression of a number of selected cytokines and the overall gene expression in the intestine was scree ... | 2011 | 21605916 |
| estimates of the seroprevalence of production-limiting diseases in wild pigs. | | 2011 | 21610003 |
| effects of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on pcv2 virus shedding in semen from experimentally infected boars. | the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on pcv2b virus shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars by measuring the immunological response and the pcv2b dna load in blood and semen. twelve boars were randomly divided into three groups. the boars in group 1 (n = 4) were immunized with an inactivated pcv2 vaccine and were challenged with pcv2b.the boars in group 2 (n = 4) were only challenged with pcv2b.th ... | 2011 | 21613465 |
| effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | the objective of this study was to investigate whether supplemental dietary arginine increases reproductive performance in mice infected with porcine circovirus type2 (pcv2). a total of 50km female mice were allotted randomly to the arginine group (0.6% arginine + gestation diet) and control group (1.22% alanine + gestation diet). all the mice began to mate after 14 days of treatment with our prepared feed and challenged with pcv2 at the dose of 100 tcid(50) (50% tissue culture infection dose, t ... | 2011 | 21617969 |
| co-expression of ubiquitin gene and capsid protein gene enhances the potency of dna immunization of pcv2 in mice. | abstract: a recombinant plasmid that co-expressed ubiquitin and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) virus capsid protein (cap), denoted as pc-ub-cap, and a plasmid encoding pcv2 virus cap alone, denoted as pc-cap, were transfected into 293t cells. indirect immunofluorescence (iif) and confocal microscopy were performed to measure the cellular expression of cap. three groups of mice were then vaccinated once every three weeks for a total of three doses with pc-ub-cap, pc-cap or the empty vector pcag ... | 2011 | 21624113 |
| diagnostic performance measures of elisa and quantitative pcr tests for porcine circovirus type 2 exposure using bayesian latent class analysis. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is believed to be a necessary but not sufficient underlying cause of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in swine (opriessnig et al., 2007). since the potential threat of pcvad is dependent on the prevalence of pcv2 in swine populations, accurate diagnostic tests are important for epidemiologic surveillance. therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of a new indirect elisa and two quantitative pcr tests for pcv2 in a series ... | 2011 | 21632130 |
| the 2.3 a structure of porcine circovirus 2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is a t=1 non-enveloped icosahedral virus that has had severe impact on the swine industry. here we report the crystal structure of an n-terminally truncated pcv2 virus-like particle at 2.3 å resolution, and the cryo-em image reconstruction of a full length pcv2 virus-like particle at 9.6 å resolution. this is the first atomic structure of a circovirus. the crystal structure revealed that the capsid protein fold is a canonical viral jelly-roll. the loops connecting the ... | 2011 | 21632760 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) influences infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) subtypes pcv2a and pcv2b by prolonging pcv2 viremia and shedding. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) subtypes a (pcv2a) or b (pcv2b) viremia and shedding characteristics in oral, nasal and fecal samples in experimentally infected pigs. twenty-three, 2- to 6-week-old pigs were randomly divided into five groups: negative control (n=3), pcv2a-i (n=5), pcv2a-prrsv-coi (n=5), pcv2b-i (n=5), and pcv2b-prrsv-coi (n=5). blood, oral, nasal a ... | 2011 | 21641124 |
| construction and biological characterisation of recombinant porcine circovirus type 2 expressing the v5 epitope tag. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a major causal agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in piglets. to investigate the feasibility of pcv2 expressing an exogenous epitope, a 14-amino-acid v5 epitope derived from simian parainfluenza virus type 5, was inserted into the c terminus of the capsid protein. recombinant pcv2 expressing the v5 epitope, recpcv2/cl-v5, was rescued by transfecting an infectious clone into pk-15 cells and was characterised by an immunoperoxidase monolayer as ... | 2011 | 21641944 |
| a live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine is transmitted to contact pigs but is not upregulated by concurrent infection with porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and is efficacious in a pcv2b-prrsv-ppv challenge model. | the live chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine with the capsid gene of the emerging subtype 2b cloned in the genomic backbone of the nonpathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective immunity against pcv2. to further determine the safety and efficacy of this experimental vaccine, we tested for evidence of pig-to-pig transmission by commingling nonvaccinated and vaccinated pigs, determined potential upregulation by simultaneous vaccination and infection with porcine parv ... | 2011 | 21653745 |
| first construction of infectious clone for newly emerging mutation porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) followed by comparison with pcv2a and pcv2b genotypes in biological characteristics in vitro. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), is a serious economic problem in the swine industry. different genotypes (pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d) of the virus are present in the clinical cases in china, and it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenic difference among different genotypes of pcv2. in this study, four strains of different genotypes were isolated, two were ordinary strains and another two were mutation strains, which there ... | 2011 | 21658280 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for porcine circovirus type 2. | in this study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method was used to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). according to the pcv2 sequences published in genbank, multiple lamp primers were designed targeting conserved sequences of pcv2. using the dna extracted from pcv2 isolates hun-09 and sd-09 as the template, lamp reactions in a pcv2 lamp system was performed, the amplification products were detected by adding sybr green i and could be ... | 2011 | 21667342 |
| fatal bronchopneumonia in a metastrongylus elongatus and porcine circovirus type 2 co-infected pig. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is distributed worldwide and pcv2-associated disease (pcvad) is considered among the most economically relevant ones to the global swine industry. pcv2 is known to play a causal role in the porcine respiratory disease complex, usually in close association with a large plethora of other biologic agents. we describe herein a case of fatal parasitic bronchopneumonia by metastrongylus elongatus in a pcv2-infected pig. metastrongylosis may still represent a ... | 2011 | 21669448 |
| genetic diversity of novel circular ssdna viruses in bats in china. | novel circular ssdna genomes have recently been detected in animals and in the environment by using metagenomic and high throughput sequencing approaches. in this study, 5 full-length circular ssdna genomes were recovered from bat faecal samples using inverse pcr with sequences designed based on circovirus-related sequences obtained from solexa sequencing data. these 5 sequences shared a similar genomic organisation with circovirus or recently proposed cyclovirus of the circoviridae family. the ... | 2011 | 21795473 |
| genetic diversity and genotype analysis of duck circovirus. | to investigate the genetic diversity and genotype of duck circovirus (ducv), nine full-length ducv genomes were determined from clinical samples. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed on the nine viral genome sequences as well as on 27 genome sequences retrieved from the genbank database. pairwise analysis showed that the determined genome sequences have a genome organization identical to the 27 sequences and share 83.3%-99.8% identity among themselves and 82.6%-99 ... | 2011 | 21793450 |
| leukogram abnormalities in gnotobiotic pigs infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a single-stranded circular dna virus that is the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), a disease complex affecting swine around the world. although this virus is believed to negatively affect the host's immune system, the mechanism by which pcv2 induces disease is not completely understood. this report describes a series of pcv2 experiments using the gnotobiotic pig model in which a relationship was demonstrated between abnormal leu ... | 2011 | 21784586 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 potentiates morbidity of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs. | problem addressed: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. although s. choleraesuis infection occurs concurrently with pcv2-associated disease in many swine herds, the pathogenesis of concurrent infection with pcv2 and s. choleraesuis remains largely undefined. objective: we investigated the interactions between pcv2 and s. choleraesuis in 20 cesarean-derived ... | 2011 | 21782358 |
| quantitative proteomics by 2-de, (16) o/(18) o labelling and linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis of lymph nodes from piglets inoculated by porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been identified as the essential causal agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. however, little is known regarding the mechanism(s) underlying the pathogenesis of pcv2-induced disease and the interaction of the virus with the host immune system. here, we present a proteomics study on inguinal lymph nodes of piglets inoculated with pcv2, in order to better understand the pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and the pathways m ... | 2011 | 21751353 |
| functional exchangeability of the nuclear localization signal (nls) of capsid protein between pcv1 and pcv2 in vitro: implications for the role of nls in viral replication. | abstract: | 2011 | 21733152 |
| torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 viral loads in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) affected pigs. | torque teno viruses (ttv) are small, non-enveloped viruses with a circular single-stranded dna genome, which are considered non-pathogenic. however, ttvs have been eventually linked to human diseases. ttvs infecting pigs, torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1) and 2 (ttsuv2), have been recently associated to porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). to get more insights into such potential disease association, the aim of this study was to quantify ttsuv1 and ttsuv2 viral loads in serum of pigs affected by t ... | 2011 | 21719215 |
| microbiological identification and analysis of swine tonsils collected from carcasses at slaughter. | the primary objective of this 7-month study was to determine the prevalence of porcine pathogens of the tonsil of the soft palate of swine at slaughter. additional objectives were to determine if sampling the carcasses of normal or abnormal hogs provided different microbiological profiles and if the slaughter plant provides a feasible sampling frame and environment for detecting and monitoring important pathogens in tonsils that have health implications for both swine and humans. a total of 395 ... | 2011 | 21731180 |
| multiplex method for simultaneous serological detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are major contributors to the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). routine serological diagnosis and surveillance play an important role in the prevention of prdc, as it is a leading cause of economic losses to the swine industry. we herein describe an advanced microsphere-based immunoassay that permits the simultaneous detection of antibodies to pcv2 and prrsv, thereby reducing the time and e ... | 2011 | 21734031 |
| investigations of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in vaccine-related and other cell lines. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is highly prevalent in swine and was recently reported in u.s. licensed rotavirus vaccines. since animal-derived raw materials, such as cells, trypsin, and serum, can be a major source of introducing virus contamination in biological products, we have investigated pcv1 in several cell lines obtained from atcc that have broad use in research, diagnostics, or vaccine development. it is expected that these cell lines have been exposed to bovine and porcine viruses d ... | 2011 | 21835219 |
| unusual central nervous system lesions in slaughter-weight pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 systemic infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 systemic infection was diagnosed in 2 slaughter-weight pigs based on postmortem examination. the infection was associated with unusual central nervous system lesions characterized by a multifocal lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis with giant cell formation. the role of these nervous system lesions in the development of the clinical signs in these pigs remains uncertain. | 2011 | 21731092 |
| farm level risk factors associated with severity of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome. | a cross-sectional study involving 147 pig farms across england was conducted in 2008-2009. farm severity of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was estimated through the use of an algorithm that combined data on post-weaning mortality, pmws morbidity and proportion of porcine circovirus type 2 pcr positive pigs. farms were classified as non/slightly, moderately or highly affected by pmws. data on potential pmws risk factors were collected through interviews, on-farm assessment an ... | 2011 | 21741715 |
| circovirus and impact of temporary withdrawal of rotavirus vaccines in spain. | at the beginning of 2010 dna fragments of a porcine circovirus 1 (pcv-1) were detected in the monovalent rotavirus vaccine, rotarix-« (glaxosmithkline), and later also of pcv-1 and pcv-2 in the rotateq-« (msd) vaccine. these viruses are frequently found in meat and other products for normal human consumption and have not been shown to cause disease in humans. although the world health organization (who) and the european medicines agency (ema) did not recommended discontinuation of vaccination ag ... | 2011 | 21715979 |
| porcine bocaviruses: genetic analysis and prevalence in chinese swine population. | summaryin members of the bocavirus genus, that contain three open reading frames (orfs) of the parvovirinae subfamily, porcine bocaviruses (pobovs) exhibit the most genetic diversity. based on the orf2-encoded viral protein (vp1) classification, the six reported porcine bocaviruses were grouped into four species: pobov1 (porcine boca-like virus or pbolv), pobov2 (porcine parvovirus 4 or ppv4), pobov3 (pbov1/pbov2) and pobov4 (6v/7v), with pobov3 and pobov4 each having two genotype viruses. all f ... | 2011 | 21676363 |
| microarray and cytokine analyses of field cases of pigs with diarrhoea. | this field study explored the cytokine expression in intestinal tissue and serum from 19 diarrhoeic and 9 healthy pigs in herds with a long-time history of lawsonia intracellularis-infection. the disease, proliferative enteropathy (pe), is associated with diarrhoea and poor performance in growers and haemorrhagic diarrhoea and sudden death in finisher pigs, but the immunopathology is poorly understood. histopathology, demonstration of l. intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in in ... | 2011 | 21741782 |
| Effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection on reproduction: disease, vertical transmission, diagnostics and vaccination. | Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes great economic losses in growing pigs and there are several reviews on disease manifestations and lesions associated with PCV2 in growing pigs. Reproductive failure in breeding herds, predominately associated with increased numbers of mummies and non-viable piglets at parturition, is one of the disease manifestations of PCV2 infection. Boars shed low amounts of infectious PCV2 in semen for extended time periods, and vertical transmission of PCV2 to fetuses ... | 2011 | 21676340 |
| Productive infection of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by porcine circovirus type 1. | Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), a small DNA virus in pigs, recently gained its notoriety when commercial human rotavirus vaccines were discovered to be contaminated by infectious PCV1. Here we report, for the first time, definitive evidence of productive PCV1 infection in a subclone of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh-7, subclone 10-3). Infectious virus was detected in the lysates of infected Huh-7 cells by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and can be serially passaged in Huh-7-S10-3 ... | 2011 | 21742002 |
| Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome produced in gnotobiotic pigs following exposure to various amounts of porcine circovirus type 2a or type 2b. | In late 2005, a postweaning, high mortality syndrome spread rapidly through finishing barns in swine dense areas of the United States. Diagnostic investigations consistently detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from diseased tissues. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the infectious agent was a PCV2 type termed "PCV2b". Prior to late 2004, only the PCV2a type, but not PCV2b, had been reported in North America. In this communication, we produce severe postweaning multisystemic wasting ... | 2011 | 21684696 |
| seroprevalence evolution of selected pathogens in iberian wild boar. | a total of 1279 eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) sera were collected from 2000 to 2011 in the iberian peninsula to reveal time changes in serum antibody prevalences against selected infectious agents (porcine circovirus type 2, pcv2; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, prrsv; hepatitis e virus, hev; and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) and to identify putative individual or population factors driving such changes. overall seroprevalences were 48%, 26%, 2% and 15% for pcv2, hev, prrs ... | 2011 | 22168900 |
| Coreplication of the major genotype group members of porcine circovirus type 2 as a prerequisite to coevolution may explain the variable disease manifestations. | A member of the family Circoviridae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a recent emerging disease worldwide. PCV2 is also found in clinically asymptomatic animals. This paradoxical finding makes the syndrome etiology challenging. We developed new assays to study PCV2 with links to syndrome etiology. For analysis, we used PCV2-infected tissues from subclinically infected and diseased piglets. We compared antigen- and PCV2 DNA-de ... | 2011 | 21865380 |
| detection of circoviruses and porcine adenoviruses in water samples collected from swine manure treatment systems. | samples collected from two swine manure treatment systems including: swine manure treatment system and demonstrative unit (smts and du), were analyzed by qpcr to quantify the amount of porcine adenovirus (padv) and porcine circovirus (pcv2) present. positive samples were tested for virus integrity using dnase assay. fifty-six water samples were collected monthly from march 2009 to may 2010. padv genome was found 66% of the samples in the smts and in 78% of the samples in the du system. pcv2 was ... | 2011 | 21872287 |
| Porcine circovirus genotype 2a (PCV2a) and genotype 2b (PCV2b) recombinant mutants showed significantly enhanced viral replication and altered antigenicity in vitro. | Two recombinant mutants of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which resulted from replacement of a genomic fragment containing the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of genotype PCV2b with that of genotype PCV2a, were obtained initially from co-infection with PCV2a and 2b genotype viruses in vitro. The two mutant viruses contained the ORF1 sequence from genotype PCV2b and the ORF2 sequence from genotype PCV2a. They were designated according to the nomenclature proposed by Grau et al., indicating the ori ... | 2011 | 21890163 |
| Rapid and sensitive detection of PRRSV by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | A real-time monitoring reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of prototypic, prevalent North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains. As a higher sensitivity and specificity method than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP method only used a turbidimeter, exhibited a detection limit corresponding to a 10(-4) dilution of template RNA ex ... | 2011 | 21847756 |
| A multiple SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR system for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus and Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in pigs. | Multiple viral infections are common in pigs under intensive production conditions. All five of the viruses included in this study are associated with multifactorial diseases that cause significant economic losses in swine farming worldwide. The development is described of a novel multiple real-time PCR system based on the use of SYBR Green I that allows the simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Torque t ... | 2012 | 22119629 |
| Prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 infection in pig population in Slovakia. | The prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection in the pig population in Slovakia was investigated. Sera from pigs suspected for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) as well as clinically healthy pigs were tested for viral DNA and specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Pigs (n = 198) were categorized to weaning, grower and fattening ones and sows. The results showed that PCV-2 antibodies were present in 53.4% of PMWS-suspects, in 50.0% of healthy pigs and in 69.0% of sows. In PM ... | 2011 | 21978161 |
| deletion of the single putative n-glycosylation site of the porcine circovirus type 2 cap protein enhances specific immune responses by dna immunisation in mice. | the immunogenicity of a putative n-linked glycosylation site located at amino acids 143-145 (n143ys) of the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) cap protein was investigated. eukaryotic vectors expressing wild-type pcv2 cap (pcap) and n-linked glycosylation site mutant cap (pcap-m) were constructed and the immunogenicity of these proteins was determined following dna vaccination in balb/c mice. pcap-m elicited significantly higher cap-specific t lymphocyte proliferative activity, percentage of cd8(+) t c ... | 2011 | 22015141 |
| The potential risk of infectious disease dissemination via artificial insemination in swine. | Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most widely used assisted reproductive technologies in swine. To maintain a healthy semen trade, it is crucial that diligence be given to managing and minimizing the chance of extended semen playing an epidemiological role in the transmission of infectious disease. In swine, pathogens of primary importance, which may be transmitted through semen include Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, chlamydophilosis, porcine circovirus type 2, classical swine fever, ... | 2011 | 21884281 |
| the development of a rapid sybr green i-based quantitative pcr for detection of duck circovirus. | this report describes a one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on sybr green i for detection of a broad range of duck circovirus (ducv). align with all ducv complete genome sequences and other genus circovirus download from the genbank (such as goose circovirus, pigeon circovirus), the primers targets to the replicate gene of ducv were designed. the detection assay was linear in the range of 1.31 × 102-1.31 × 107 copies/μl. the reaction efficiency of the assay using the slope ( ... | 2011 | 21978576 |
| Cell tropism and entry of porcine circovirus 2. | Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) may induce reproductive failure (return to oestrus, embryonic death, mummification, weak- and stillborn piglets) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Furthermore, it may modulate the immunity in such a way that it aggravates the outcome of many bacterial and viral infections. In the present paper, the cellular tropism and entry of PCV2 are described and linked with the pathological and clinical consequences. | 2011 | 22100402 |
| Development of a Plexor real-time PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2. | A novel, real-time PCR system for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was developed. The system employed Plexor technology and detected 10(8)-10(1) copies per reaction of PCV2 DNA within a recombinant plasmid. The examination of clinical material showed consistent diagnostic sensitivity when samples contained more than 10(3) viral copies per reaction. Specificity of Plexor real-time PCR was confirmed using the porcine viruses PCV1, PRRSV, CSFV, TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 employing the melti ... | 2011 | 22155430 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of porcine boca-like virus. | the porcine boca-like virus (pbo-likev) was recently discovered in swedish pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pbo-likev. a set of four primers specific for six regions of pbo-likev vp1/2 genes was designed with the online software. the reaction temperature and time were optimized to 65°c and 60min, respectively. lamp products were detected b ... | 2011 | 22172971 |
| Co-existence of multiple strains of porcine circovirus type 2 in the same pig from China. | ABSTRACT: Pigs are often co-infected by different viral strains from the same virus. Up to now, there are few reports about co-existence of different porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate it in Chinese swine herds. 118 PCV2 positive DNAs isolated from diseased pigs identified by classic PCR were re-detected using a modified differential PCR assay. The results indicated that co-existence rates of PCV2 were 32.2 % (38/118) in diseased pigs and 0 % ... | 2011 | 22078868 |
| Outcome of experimental porcine circovirus type 1 infections in mid-gestational porcine foetuses. | Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) has been described as a non-cytopathic contaminant of the PK-15 cell line. Several experimental infections with PCV1 failed to reproduce disease in pigs. Therefore, PCV1 is generally accepted as non-pathogenic to pigs. To our knowledge, nothing is known about the outcome of PCV1 infections in porcine foetuses. This was examined in the present study. | 2011 | 22018436 |