| in vivo activity of paromomycin against susceptible and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium complex strains. | encouraged by in vitro results, we have assessed the in vivo activity of paromomycin (prm) against mycobacterium tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant (mdr) m. tuberculosis (resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin), and mycobacterium avium complex in c57bl/6 mice and their beige counterparts. in all these experiments, prm was effective in preventing mortality from a mycobacterial infection and was significantly more active than the drug-free control (p < 0.0005) in reducing the cfu relati ... | 1994 | 8192437 |
| comparative in vivo activities of rifabutin and rifapentine against mycobacterium avium complex. | the dose-response activity of rifabutin and the comparative activities of rifabutin and rifapentine were evaluated in the beige mouse model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. in the dose-response study, mice were infected intravenously with approximately 10(7) viable m. avium atcc 49601. treatment with rifabutin at 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg of body weight was started 7 days postinfection and was administered daily for 10 days. the mice were sacrificed 3 to 5 days after the la ... | 1994 | 8192449 |
| identification of mutations in 23s rrna gene of clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium intracellulare. | clarithromycin is a potent macrolide that has been used for treating infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. pairs of susceptible and resistant mycobacterium intracellulare strains were obtained from patients with chronic pulmonary m. intracellulare infections undergoing monotherapy with clarithromycin. nucleotide sequence comparisons of the peptidyltransferase region in 23s rrnas from parental and resistant strains revealed that in three of six resistant strains, for which the mic was > 32 ... | 1994 | 8192472 |
| inhibitory effect of the isolator blood culture system on growth of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare in bactec 12b bottles. | the examination of 6,938 clinical specimens collected during the period january 1991 through december 1992 suggested that the isolator blood culture system (wampole) inhibited growth of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) in bactec 12b medium. of 162 mac blood culture isolates, 94% were recovered from lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium, while only 50% were recovered from 12b medium. the time to detection with lj medium was 18 days, while that with 12b medium was 24 days. in contrast, ... | 1994 | 8195374 |
| bias of culture techniques for diagnosing mixed mycobacterium genavense and mycobacterium avium infection in aids. | disseminated mycobacterium avium infection is a common complication in late-stage aids. we describe a patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus with a disseminated infection caused by mycobacteria. acid-fast rods were visible by microscopy in stool and bone marrow and in specimens from skin, liver, spleen, lung, and lymph nodes. using molecular biology techniques and standard culture techniques, we found evidence of a mixed mycobacterial infection with m. genavense and m. avium. we s ... | 1994 | 8195400 |
| utility of paired blood cultures and smears in diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infections in aids patients. | for 273 patients evaluated for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection, a total of 1,047 mycobacterial blood cultures (mbcs) were submitted; the m. avium complex was recovered from 140 (13%) of the specimens. results for the paired mbcs were highly concordant: in 392 of 462 (85%) culture sets, both mbcs were negative, in 53 of 462 (11%) sets, both mbcs were positive, and in only 17 of 462 (4%) sets was one culture positive and the other negative. acid-fast smears were done on sediment ... | 1994 | 8195404 |
| efficacies of liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin and ofloxacin against mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex in human macrophages. | the therapeutic efficacies of liposome-encapsulated ofloxacin and clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare (mai) were evaluated in a model of intramacrophage infection. liposome encapsulation was found to markedly enhance the uptake of each of the drugs by human macrophages. the human blood-derived macrophages were infected at day 7 of culture with mai. treatment was initiated 24 h after the infection, and the number of intracellular bacteria was determined at days 2, 3, and ... | 1994 | 8203849 |
| effect of ethanol on the interaction between the macrophage and mycobacterium avium. | chronic ethanol ingestion predisposes to tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia. mycobacterium avium complex organisms cause bacteremia in patients with aids. human macrophages and murine kupffer cells exposed to ethanol are more permissive towards intracellular growth of m. avium than control mononuclear phagocytes. ethanol also has been shown to impair the ability of human macrophages and murine kupffer cells to respond to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and granulocyte macrophage c ... | 1994 | 8204205 |
| pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium serovar 1 isolated from swine in japan for the first time. | a total of 116 strains of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex were isolated from swine with tuberculous lesions at meat inspection, during 1982-1983. of them, one strain isolated from the lesion in the mesenteric lymph nodes was identified as m. avium serovar 1 (swine strain). the pathogenicity of the swine strain in chickens was compared with that of a reference strain (m. avium serovar 1). chickens were inoculated intravenously with each strain (2 x 10(6) colony forming units: cfu) and ... | 1994 | 8204765 |
| disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids: epidemiology and clinical syndrome. | infection due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic disease of bacterial origin among patients with aids in the united states. the incidence of disseminated disease due to mac (dmac) has risen dramatically in recent years. the risk of developing dmac increases as the cd4+ lymphocyte count declines to < 100/mm3. preliminary analyses of several studies suggest that gender, racial or ethnic group, and individual risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infec ... | 1994 | 8204773 |
| prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in patients with aids. | prevention of opportunistic infections is an integral part of caring for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia can cause severe morbidity and excess mortality among these patients. controlled trials of rifabutin for the prophylaxis of mac bacteremia have been completed. rifabutin reduced the incidence of mac bacteremia by approximately one-half and, when disseminated disease due to mac (dmac) did develop, reduced the frequency of associ ... | 1994 | 8204774 |
| assessment of new therapies for infection due to the mycobacterium avium complex: appropriate use of in vitro and in vivo testing. | laboratory testing is a prerequisite to predictions about the potential value of human clinical trials--the gold standard for the assessment of new therapies for infection with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). these laboratory assessments must be made in the proper sequence, with appropriate models and methodology used to obtain data valid in determining whether clinical trials are warranted. in vitro testing permits measurements of minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration ... | 1994 | 8204775 |
| treatment of disseminated disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids. | perhaps the most important recent advance in the field of infections due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the identification and development of more effective agents for the treatment and prevention of disseminated disease. these agents include clarithromycin, azithromycin, rifabutin and other rifamycins, ethambutol, clofazimine, fluoroquinolones, amikacin, and liposome-encapsulated gentamicin. most clinicians currently use multidrug therapy to maximize efficacy and to minimize the em ... | 1994 | 8204776 |
| [disseminated infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex and stereotaxic cerebral biopsy. diagnosis and treatment in a patient with aids]. | | 1994 | 8208028 |
| evaluation of the use of 5-mycoloyl-beta-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-5-mycoloyl- alpha-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->1')-glycerol in serodiagnosis of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection. | 5-mycoloyl-beta-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-5-mycoloyl-alpha-ar abinofuranosyl-(1-->1')-glycerol, an antigenic glycolipid from the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) was examined for its applicability to the serodiagnosis of mac infection by elisa. serum igm antibody titres against this glycolipid in healthy controls, pulmonary tuberculosis patients and sputum-mac-culture-negative mac patients were generally below the cut-off point (elisa-negative), whereas most of the mac-culture-pos ... | 1993 | 8210680 |
| immunity to mycobacteria. | recent progress in the field of immunity to mycobacteria has centered on t cell subset responses and the cytokines these cells secrete. in addition, there has been steady progress in identifying and characterizing several classes of major mycobacterial proteins; included amongst these are the secreted/export proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis, which several laboratories now believe may represent the key protective immunity-inducing antigens of the bacillus. | 1993 | 8216924 |
| [retrospective study of mycobacterium avium complex infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | we discuss here our experience with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in 446 hiv-positive patients. mac was found in 13 cases (2.9%): 10 males, 3 females, age range 21-47 years. infection was disseminated in 10 cases and limited to the lung in 3. cd4+ cells were, on average, 48 per microliters. at clinical onset, all patients suffered from fever and weight loss, 10 from anemia, and 5 from diarrhea. mac was found in its disseminated form in cultures of blood (10 patients), stool (5 pati ... | 1993 | 8217480 |
| mycobacterium simiae infection in israeli patients with aids. | mycobacterium simiae is an environmental organism that has rarely been associated with human disease. in israel m. simiae is frequently isolated from clinical specimens, and it usually colonizes damaged lungs. until now, only two cases of aids patients with m. simiae infection have been reported, and these patients were coinfected with mycobacterium avium complex. two israeli patients with aids complicating hemophilia developed prolonged fever that was unresponsive to therapy with broad-spectrum ... | 1993 | 8218698 |
| a clinical comparison between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare infections. | susceptibility, clinical features, and response to treatment were compared between 29 cases of mycobacterium avium infection and 43 cases of mycobacterium intracellulare infection detected in the nagasaki (japan) area and identified by a dna probe method. in vitro susceptibility of two species to antituberculous agents was determined by a microdilution method, and m avium was more resistant to enviomycin at 25 mg/l than m intracellulare, while m intracellulare was more resistant to isoniazid at ... | 1993 | 8222796 |
| interleukin-6 production during chronic experimental infection. | the appearance of interleukin-6 (il-6) in serum of mice was monitored during the course of chronic infection with either brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 or a virulent mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolate. serum il-6 during brucella infection was higher than during infection with mac, despite similar numbers of bacteria. furthermore, il-6 titres decreased after the peak of infection, falling to baseline levels before these chronic infections were eradicated. the ability of peritoneal cell ... | 1993 | 8225396 |
| immunomodulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell functions by defined lipid fractions of mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterial fractions, some of which are associated with the cell envelope of mycobacterium avium serovar 4, were assessed for their ability to affect various immunological functions of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm). treatment of pbm with a total lipid fraction derived from m. avium serovar 4 resulted in a significant suppression of lymphoproliferative responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin stimulation at concentrations not affecting cell viability. although a similar suppressio ... | 1993 | 8225602 |
| il-10 neutralization augments mouse resistance to systemic mycobacterium avium infections. | in this contribution, we examined the involvement of the cytokine il-10 in the progression of experimental murine mycobacterium avium infections in susceptible balb/c mice. addition of anti-il-10 antibodies in the supernatants of peritoneal macrophages infected with virulent m. avium resulted in a significantly enhanced mycobacteriostatic activity of macrophages. in balb/c mice infected with the b101 or b102 virulent m. avium strains, examination of the cytokine release profile in splenocytes fr ... | 1993 | 8228235 |
| rapid identification of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex strains: clinical practice evaluation of dt6 and dt1 probes. | | 1993 | 8228383 |
| suppressive activity of splenic macrophages induced by transparent and opaque colonial variants of mycobacterium avium complex against lymphoproliferative response. | splenic macrophages (m phi s) induced by the two colonial variants of mycobacterium avium complex, smt variant (smooth, transparent, flat) and smd variant (smooth, opaque, domeshaped), were studied for their suppressive activity against mitogenic response of splenic t cells to concanavalin a (cona). the smt variant is much more virulent than the smd variant and causes more severe infection in host mice. moreover, suppressed state of cona mitogenic response of host spleen cells persisted much lon ... | 1993 | 8231963 |
| anti-mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: in vitro activities. | the mics of 88 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellular complex were determined. agents tested included ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin (pd 131501), and 86 other experimental quinolones. test strains were selected to represent various susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and other drug resistance profiles. mics were determined by the microdilution method in 7hsf broth, with incubation for 14 days at 35 degrees c. the results showed 25 of the ... | 1993 | 8239587 |
| anti-mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: structure-activity relationship studies. | the structures and inhibitory activities of 88 quinolones, previously studied as potential in vitro inhibitors of 14 selected strains of mycobacterium avium complex, were examined in an effort to identify a quinolone with optimal activity towards all strains. a multicase structure-activity relationship analysis of the inhibitory activities of these 88 quinolones against 14 strains of m. avium was performed and led to the identification of a number of structural constraints required to overcome t ... | 1993 | 8239588 |
| liposome-encapsulated gentamicin treatment of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex bacteremia in aids patients. | tlc g-65, a liposome-encapsulated gentamicin, was given intravenously twice weekly for 4 weeks to aids patients with mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) bacteremia at 1.7 mg of gentamicin per kg of body weight per infusion (4 patients), 3.4 mg/kg (10 patients), and 5.1 mg/kg (7 patients). mac colony counts in blood fell by 75% or more in all three groups (p < 0.005). drug resistance did not emerge during the study period. transient renal insufficiency developed in one patient; no ... | 1993 | 8239598 |
| evidence of previous infection with mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex among healthy subjects: an international study of dominant mycobacterial skin test reactions. | skin tests with 0.1 ml of intermediate-strength mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (ppd) and 0.1 ml of mycobacterium avium sensitin were conducted on 484 healthy subjects from diverse geographic sites. reactions of > or = 5 mm to one antigen that exceeded the reaction to the other by > or = 3 mm were considered m. avium- or ppd-dominant. ppd-dominant reactions were more frequent at sites where routine bacille calmette-guérin immunization is done or where there are high rates ... | 1993 | 8245545 |
| low serum levels of oral antimycobacterial agents in patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease. | twenty-seven human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease who were treated with oral antimycobacterial agents (clofazimine, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, and rifampin) were studied to evaluate the usefulness of monitoring serum drug concentrations and testing in vitro susceptibility of m. avium complex (mac) isolates. twenty patients tolerated treatment with three or four antimycobacterial agents for at least 8 weeks; mycobacteremia was eradic ... | 1993 | 8245546 |
| detection and species identification of mycobacteria in paraffin sections of lung biopsy specimens by the polymerase chain reaction. | the authors analyzed 25 paraffin-embedded lung biopsy specimens for mycobacterial dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from patients with pulmonary mycobacterial infection demonstrated by acid-fast stain, culture, or both. dna was extracted from 4 microm unstained paraffin sections by proteinase k digestion followed by freeze-fracturing and amplified by nested pcr with primers for the mycobacterial 65-kda antigen gene. mycobacterial dna was detected in 7 of 7 wedge and 9 of 18 transbronchi ... | 1993 | 8249911 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene for alpha antigen from mycobacterium intracellulare and use of pcr for the rapid identification of mycobacterium intracellulare. | the complete nucleotide sequence of alpha antigen secreted from mycobacterium intracellulare (atcc13950) was determined. the gene encoded 330 amino acids including 40 amino acids for signal peptide, followed by 290 amino acids for a mature protein with molecular mass 30,645 da. the cloned gene was expressed in escherichia coli by using an e. coli expression vector. based on these results, the feasibility of rapid identification of m. intracellulare by two step polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was ... | 1993 | 8250904 |
| macrophage-natural killer cell interactions in resistance to mycobacteria. | | 1994 | 8251570 |
| monocyte-mycobacterium avium complex interactions: studies of potential virulence factors for humans. | | 1994 | 8251573 |
| monoarthritis caused by mycobacterium avium complex in a liver transplant recipient. | a 38-yr-old liver transplant recipient presented with a monoarthritis caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac). diagnosis was not obtained with repeated microscopy and culture of sf aspirate, and required synovial biopsy. | 1993 | 8252322 |
| comparison of the septi-chek afb and bactec systems and conventional culture for recovery of mycobacteria. | the performance of the septi-chek afb system was compared with that of the bactec radiometric system and that of lowenstein-jensen agar slants (lj) for detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens. a total of 642 specimens were cultured; 61 (9.5%) yielded mycobacteria. mycobacterium tuberculosis (34 isolates) and mycobacterium avium complex (25 isolates) were the predominant species isolated. of the 61 culture-positive specimens, 30 were smear positive and 31 were smear negative. overall, 95% ... | 1993 | 8253967 |
| isolation of mycobacteria from patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in south east england: 1984-92. | tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections are well recognised complications of hiv infection and surveillance is thus required. | 1993 | 8256246 |
| superoxide dismutase activity of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from aids patients. | to explore whether mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from aids patients produce and secrete superoxide dismutase (sod). | 1993 | 8260663 |
| comparative study of a biphasic culture system (roche mb check system) with a conventional egg medium for recovery of mycobacteria. aichi mycobacteriosis research group. | the clinical utility of a new biphasic culture system (roche mb check system) for the recovery of mycobacteria was evaluated in comparison with a conventional egg based medium. | 1993 | 8260667 |
| polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium avium. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was performed using dna purified from 15 mycobacterial type strains and from 21 specimens isolated from patients suspected to have non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. using a primer set of mtb1-mtb2, 11 specimens out of 21 were mycobacterium avium and 8 were m. intracellulare, which were verified by the gen probe rapid diagnostic system for the m. avium complex (mac). one of the remaining 2 specimens which did not hybridize with the probe for the ... | 1993 | 8260668 |
| [detection of mycobacterium intracellulare by pcr]. | pcr products amplified with the primers ynp-1 and ynp-2 and template dna from various mycobacterial species showed differences in molecular sizes. by sequencing the pcr products, we found that the dna fragment from m. tuberculosis and that of m. intracellulare have different dna sequences. the former was 164 bp, composed of 27 a, 54 c, 57 g, and 26 t, while the latter was 109 bp, composed of 22 a, 37 c, 34 g, and 16 t. we compared these sequences and selected a nucleotide sequence unique to m. i ... | 1993 | 8264124 |
| [expectation of new antituberculous drugs and targeting therapy for treatment of mycobacterial infections]. | recent aids endemic causes the worldwide increase in intractable mycobacterial infections including extrapulmonary tuberculosis due to drug resistant organisms and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infections. therefore, new antituberculous (antimycobacterial) drugs and development of regimens and protocols for clinical treatment of such mycobacterial infections are urgently needed. here, i described the present situations of new antituberculous agents, in particular new rifamycin derivat ... | 1993 | 8264129 |
| rapid identification of mycobacteria by the gen-probe accuprobe system. | chemiluminescent acridinium ester-labelled (ae)-dna probes (gen-probe, inc., san diego, calif.) for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and the m. avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) were evaluated using 184 mycobacterial isolates cultured in bactec 12b vials (becton dickinson and co., towson, md.). a 1.5 ml aliquot from bactec 12b vials containing acid-fast bacilli and a growth index of > 200 was concentrated 15-fold using a centrifugation step prior to performing ... | 1993 | 8265255 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in hiv-infected children. | | 1993 | 8267282 |
| [two cases of m. avium complex infection presenting as solitary pulmonary nodule]. | case 1 was a 75-year-old woman. her chest x-ray showed a 3 cm solitary nodule in the right s4, and biopsy obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed epithelioid cell granuloma. four weeks later, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was detected on culture of the bronchial lavage fluid. she was treated with inh, rfp and eb for 12 months and recovered with no relapse. case 2 was a 75-year-old man with mild diabetes mellitus and hypertension. chest x-ray showed a 4 cm solitary nodule in the right s9 ... | 1993 | 8271667 |
| mycobacterial diseases and the compromised host. | tuberculosis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria should be considered in the diagnostic approach to febrile immunocompromised patients. in patients with aids, organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are the most common bacterial causes of disseminated infection. effective means of both treating and preventing disseminated mac infections have been developed that use regimens including the new macrolides, aminoglycosides, and rifamycins. antimicrobial agents active ... | 1993 | 8274609 |
| computed tomographic diagnosis of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in patients with bronchiectasis. | we tested the hypothesis that bronchiectasis and multiple small lung nodules seen on chest computed tomography (ct) are indicative of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection or colonization by reviewing ct scans and histories of 100 outpatients with ct diagnosis of bronchiectasis. of the 24 patients with multiple pulmonary nodules, 19 had lung nodules and bronchiectasis in the same lobe. mycobacterial cultures were performed on 63 of the 100 patients, including 15 of the 24 pa ... | 1994 | 8275782 |
| mycobacterium avium complex lung disease and women. now an equal opportunity disease. | | 1994 | 8275785 |
| [a case of minimal size small cell carcinoma arising in abnormal branching bronchus with mycobacteriosis]. | a 73-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of mycobacteriosis. bronchoscopic examination revealed a depressed lesion with white pseudomembrane located between the orifice of b2 and b3 of the right upper lobe. from this pseudomembrane, mycobacterium avium complex was cultured, and the patient was treated with antituberculous drugs. four months later, a small white polypoid tumor was found at the same site, growing gradually. biopsy specimens showed invasion of small cell carcinoma, s ... | 1993 | 8277620 |
| mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with hiv. | since the beginning of the aids epidemic, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections have been reported with increasing frequency in hiv-infected patients. although mycobacterium avium complex has been responsible for the majority of these infections, an increasing number of other nontuberculous mycobacteria have been reported to cause clinical disease. in spite of initial questions about the clinical significance of disseminated m avium complex infection, it now appears that this infection contrib ... | 1993 | 8278680 |
| inhibition of mycobacterium avium complex isolates from aids patients by garlic (allium sativum). | | 1993 | 8288504 |
| [changes in the spectrum of the diseases in patients hospitalized with hiv infection]. | infections in subjects with hiv-1 infection are a frequent cause of hospital admission. knowledge of the entities which most often motivate hospitalization may aid in designing the most appropriate diagnostic and prophylactic strategies. the causes of hospital admission in individuals with risk practices for hiv-1 infection attended in a department of infectious diseases in madrid over a period of 4 years were analyzed. | 1993 | 8289522 |
| [two cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection]. | two cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection are reported. both patients had hemophilia and were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) by antihemophilic factor infusion. in case 1, a 44-year-old male, mycobacterium marinum, which ordinarily causes cutaneous infection, was isolated from sputum before death and from the lung, spleen, bone marrow, liver and lymph node at autopsy. this is the first report of disse ... | 1993 | 8294774 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 8-1994. an 84-year-old woman with lymphomas, fever, and pulmonary infiltrate. | | 1994 | 8302324 |
| mycobacterial infections. | infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to plague humanity. in the united states, conditions have taken a decided turn for the worse, with an increasing frequency of infection and the spread of multiple-drug-resistant strains. a number of strategies are available to improve the management of this epidemic. mycobacterium avium is now recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. therapy is limited due to relativ ... | 1993 | 8302690 |
| cutaneous manifestations of mycobacterial infection in patients with aids. | | 1994 | 8305299 |
| [bacteremia caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or mycobacterium avium detected by the non-radiometric bactec system]. | to assess the utility of bactec non-radiometric system in detecting disseminated mycobacteremia. | 1993 | 8305558 |
| rapid species identification of wild mycobacterial isolates by monoclonal antibodies in elisa. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the identification of cultured mycobacteria belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and mycobacterium kansasii originally described by r. schöningh, c. p. j. h. verstijnen, s. kuijper and a. h. j. kolk (1) was used for identification of mycobacteria from three week old primary cultures. a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (moabs) was used: two were specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) complex, one for m. kansasii, ... | 1993 | 8305885 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from water in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. | disseminated infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common complication of aids in the united states and other developing countries, but it is rare or absent in sub-saharan africa. to assess the comparative likelihood of exposure to mac in these geographic areas, we used a standard protocol to culture 91 water samples from environmental sites and piped water supply systems in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. mac was isolated from all geographic areas ... | 1993 | 8308115 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium complex strains belonging to serovars 21-28 by three commercial dna probe tests. | various reference strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) belonging to serovars 21-28 were identified by three dna probe tests, i.e., gen-probe, accuprobe and snap tests. all of these dna probe tests were in agreement for strains identified as m. avium or m. intracellulare. the tested serovar strains involved m. avium, m. intracellulare, mac reactive only with probe x of snap test ('probe x-reactive mac'), m. scrofulaceum reactive with probe x of snap test ('probe x-reactive m. scrofulaceum ... | 1993 | 8324213 |
| comparative effects of mycobacterium avium glycopeptidolipid and lipopeptide fragment on the function and ultrastructure of mononuclear cells. | among the various lipids associated with the cell envelope of the mycobacterium avium complex, the species-specific glycopeptidolipids (gpl) are responsible for distinguishing one serovar from another. in a continuing effort to study the immunomodulatory capabilities of these mycobacterial lipids, we have examined and compared the effects of the gpl and its lipopeptide fragment (beta-lipid) on mononuclear cell function. it was observed that the lymphoproliferative response of murine splenic mono ... | 1993 | 8324905 |
| potential role of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of pediatric mycobacterium avium complex infections. | | 1993 | 8327308 |
| [activity of defensins from human neutrophils against mycobacterium avium complex]. | we examined the activity of defensins from human neutrophils against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). mac were cultured in the presence of defensins at 37 degrees c for 4-48 hours. after incubation, colony counts were enumerated by colony-forming units (cfu). human neutrophil peptide-1 (hnp-1) at 5 micrograms/ml had the ability to kill mac. we tested 8 strains of mac. hnp-1 was successful in killing every strain, although the degree of killing varied from strain to strain. we also found that h ... | 1993 | 8331844 |
| [antimicrobial activity of new quinolones against mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare determined by the dilution methods using 7h11 agar and ogawa egg media]. | various new quinolones were measured for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare by the two-fold dilution methods using two types of media, 7h11 agar medium and 1% ogawa egg medium. the mic90s of test quinolones determined on 7h11 agar medium and ogawa egg medium were as follows. m. avium (20 strains): ofloxacin (oflx), 50 and 50 micrograms/ml; ciprofloxacin (cpfx), 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml; sparfloxacin (spfx), 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml; fler ... | 1993 | 8331881 |
| [identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex by using nonisotopic dna probes]. | a total of 31 clinical isolates of mycobacteria consisting of 21 strains of m. avium-intracellulare complex (ten strains each of m. avium and m. intracellulare identified by specific 125i-labeled dna probes and one strain of m. avium-intracellulare complex identified by conventional biochemical tests) and 10 strains of m. tuberculosis (identified by a specific 125i-labeled dna probe) were subjected to identification by hybridization protection assay (hpa) with an acridinium-ester (ae) labeled dn ... | 1993 | 8331882 |
| concurrent infection of human macrophages with hiv-1 and mycobacterium avium results in decreased cell viability, increased m. avium multiplication and altered cytokine production. | the effects of a concurrent hiv-1 and mycobacterium avium infection in vitro were assessed in human peripheral blood-derived macrophages (m phi). m phi were infected with hiv-1ba-l strain for 14 days then infected with m. avium (hiv/m. avium) or treated with lps (hiv/lps). at various times after m. avium or lps treatment, mo phi cultures were harvested for quantitation of hiv and m. avium replication, as well as m phi cellular viability. in addition, mrna and supernatants were collected for asse ... | 1993 | 8345208 |
| mycobacterium avium complex parotid lymphadenitis: successful therapy with clarithromycin and ethambutol. | | 1993 | 8346008 |
| serovar determination and molecular taxonomic correlation in mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum: a cooperative study of the international working group on mycobacterial taxonomy. | a cooperative study was conducted by the international working group on mycobacterial taxonomy to correlate the agglutination serovar designations of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum strains with the species ascriptions of these organisms according to molecular criteria and cultural properties and to assess the reproducibility of serovar determinations for a set of 63 reference strains of these species. among the molecular criteria, the level of a ... | 1993 | 8347508 |
| [drug sensitivity of bacillus strains m. avium-intracellulare (maic), m. kansasii cultured from patients with mycobacteriosis before treatment]. | the aim of study was to evaluate a drug sensitivity of m. avium-intracellulare, m. xenopi and m. kansasii cultured from 55 patients with mycobacterioses. the identification of strains was performed with morphological and biochemical tests and thin-layer chromatography. resistance tests were done on egg l-j and agar media for selected drugs. it was documented that maic strains were non-sensitive on isoniazid and rifampicin, and other ones. the most active drug was cycloserine inhibiting growth of ... | 1993 | 8348088 |
| reproducibility of lysis-centrifugation cultures for quantification of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. | while quantitative mycobacterial blood cultures have been accepted as the standard for evaluating response to various mycobacterium avium complex (mac) treatment regimens, variability in this methodology has not been evaluated in a rigorous fashion. we thus studied the reproducibility of quantitative mac cultures by a lysis-centrifugation culture system within and among five institutions. to measure the intralaboratory variation in mycobacterial colony counts, colony counts from duplicate blood ... | 1993 | 8349755 |
| diagnosis of mycobacterium avium bacteremia by polymerase chain reaction. | we describe a rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test for diagnosing mycobacterium avium directly from blood specimens. blood was collected in anticoagulant (edta) from patients who also had blood cultures performed by the lysis-centrifugation method. blood samples were centrifuged on a ficoll-hypaque gradient to purify peripheral blood mononuclear cells. the purified cells were washed and incubated in the presence of chelex-100 (a divalent cation-binding resin), boiled to release mycob ... | 1993 | 8349758 |
| comparison of the virulence for mice of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare identified by dna probe test. | the virulence of various serovars of mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare identified by dna probe test was compared with each other. we found species- and serovar-dependencies of m. avium complex (mac) virulence to mice in terms of mortality, incidence of lung lesions and bacterial load in the visceral organs, as follows. first, human- or environment-derived m. intracellulare was more virulent for mice, as compared to m. avium isolated from patients or environmental sources. second, the vir ... | 1993 | 8350768 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection and aids: advances in theory and practice. | the role of disseminated infection with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in the natural history of aids has been controversial. it is now clear that this complication of immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) has a major impact upon the quality of life and duration of survival of patients with advanced hiv-1 infection. progress has been made in our understanding of the bacteriology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of mac infection. drs. constance be ... | 1993 | 8353249 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from bone marrow aspirates of aids patients in brazil. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has not been reported as a major opportunistic infection among patients with aids in latin america or africa. in this study, 125 aids patients who had persistent fever, anemia, and leukopenia were examined among 2628 aids patients admitted to instituto de infectologia emilio ribas between may 1990 and april 1992. from the bone marrow aspirates of the 125 patients, mac was isolated from 23 (18.4%) and mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from 9 (7.2% ... | 1993 | 8354922 |
| the mycobacterium avium complex. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease emerged early in the epidemic of aids as one of the common opportunistic infections afflicting human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. however, only over the past few years has a consensus developed about its significance to the morbidity and mortality of aids. m. avium was well known to mycobacteriologists decades before aids, and the mac was known to cause disease, albeit uncommon, in humans and animals. the early interest in the mac provided a ... | 1993 | 8358707 |
| ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing by mic and disk elution of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | the ability to provide susceptibility data for certain species of mycobacteria can be clinically useful. in this study, the disk elution method for susceptibility testing was adapted for testing ciprofloxacin against mycobacterial isolates. of the 75 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates tested, including 23 multiply drug-resistant isolates, 96% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin at a breakpoint concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. | 1993 | 8363391 |
| in vitro activity of roxithromycin against 16 species of atypical mycobacteria and effect of ph on its radiometric mics. | the antimycobacterial spectrum of roxithromycin, a semisynthetic 14-membered ring macrolide, was determined against 28 strains belonging to 16 species of atypical mycobacteria by measuring radiometric mics by bactec methodology at two different ph values, i.e., 6.8 and 7.4. the mics obtained at ph 7.4 were 1 to 2 dilutions lower or more than those obtained at ph 6.8 for some of the species. roxithromycin possessed promising mics against such potential pathogens as the mycobacterium avium complex ... | 1993 | 8363393 |
| kussmaul respiration and abdominal pain secondary to metabolic acidosis in aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection receiving clofazimine. | | 1993 | 8363767 |
| controversies in the management of mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids patients. | to update readers on the clinical management of infections secondary to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids. a general description of the organism, culture and susceptibility testing, and clinical manifestations of the disease is provided. several aspects of the treatment of the disease, including an historical perspective, current approaches, and future research opportunities, are described. | 1993 | 8364280 |
| value of a mycobacterium avium complex respiratory tract isolate as a predictor of disseminated infection. | | 1993 | 8365345 |
| a prospective evaluation of mycobacterium avium complex colonization of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to describe the natural history of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, 67 hiv-infected patients with cd4+ cell counts < 200/mm3 and initial negative mac blood cultures were followed prospectively. patients were screened every 3 months with cultures and smears of sputum, rectal swab, and blood for mycobacteria. fourteen patients (20.9%) developed positive blood cultures for mac (23.4%/year). s ... | 1993 | 8376818 |
| exposure to ethanol up-regulates the expression of mycobacterium avium complex proteins associated with bacterial virulence. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms are the most common bacterial cause of disseminated infection in patients with aids. mac, facultative intracellular bacteria, invade and multiply within macrophages. treatment of mac-infected macrophages with ethanol (10-100 micrograms/dl) is associated with increased intracellular multiplication of mac. to investigate whether this enhanced growth is due to a stress-related response induced by nonlethal concentrations of ethanol, strain 101 (serovar 1) ... | 1993 | 8376842 |
| [determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs with various methods against mycobacterium avium]. | the mic's were determined for 11 antibiotics by the radiometric method, photometrically with the liquid medium lockemann and conventionally with löwenstein-jensen-medium against mycobacterium avium complex. both liquid media (bactec and lockemann) agreed, whereas the conventional method gave higher mic's. tween 80 should be avoided in all media and diluent fluids, because tween 80 changes the cell-wall-structure and therefore the minimal inhibition concentrations could be changed. the reporting ... | 1993 | 8378297 |
| efficacy of triple drug regimen of amikacin, ethambutol and rifabutin in aids patients with symptomatic mycobacterium avium complex infection. | treatment with ethambutol 15 mg/kg, rifabutin 6 mg/kg and amikacin 15 mg/kg (iv for 2-4 weeks) in 31 hiv infected patients with severe immunodeficiency and infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was evaluated in a retrospective study. the patients had one or more of the following clinical features: fever 31, weight loss 13, cough 10, pleurisy i, pericarditis 2, diarrhoea 12, peritonitis i. mac was cultured from blood in 29, bone marrow in six, sputum in nine, faeces in 15, bowel b ... | 1993 | 8384230 |
| azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine for treatment and prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium complex in rats treated with cyclosporine. | azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine were used to treat or prevent disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections produced in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. animals with bacteremic infections were treated 1 week after intravenous inoculation with 10(7) cfu of mac with azithromycin, 100 mg/kg of body weight administered subcutaneously for 5 days and then 75 mg/kg on monday, wednesday, and friday, or with rifabutin or rifapentine, 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally on ... | 1993 | 8384809 |
| resistance to nitric oxide in mycobacterium avium complex and its implication in pathogenesis. | susceptibility of three different strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), i.e., one strain of m. avium (mino) and two strains of m. intracellulare (31f093t and kums 9007), to nitric oxide (no) generated by rat alveolar macrophages (m phi) or no generated chemically by acidification of no2- was examined in vitro. we also investigated the effects of no on phagocytosis and superoxide anion (o2-) generation by m phi. the intracellular growth of m. avium mino was significantly suppressed by no ... | 1993 | 8386705 |
| in-vitro evaluation of clarithromycin, temafloxacin, and ethambutol in combination against mycobacterium avium complex. | the in-vitro activity of clarithromycin, temafloxacin, and ethambutol were assessed by mic, fic and intra-macrophage killing determinations alone and in various combinations against ten pigmented and ten non-pigmented strains of mycobacterium avium complex bacteria. alone, either clarithromycin or temafloxacin were found to be active against m. avium, but the best results were obtained from combinations of drugs. clarithromycin and temafloxacin together were found to have an additive effect agai ... | 1993 | 8392998 |
| recommendations on prophylaxis and therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex for adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. u.s. public health service task force on prophylaxis and therapy for mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1993 | 8393134 |
| recommendations on prophylaxis and therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. public health service task force on prophylaxis and therapy for mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1993 | 8395019 |
| long-term follow-up of pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium in a previously healthy patient. | a 64-year-old white male with cavitary lung disease is presented. mycobacterium avium was isolated from sputa and gastric lavage and the american thoracic society criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial disease were met. seven years follow-up and treatment regimens are discussed. this case illustrates that medical treatment of m. avium pulmonary disease can be disappointing and requires regular clinical, radiological, microbiological and haematological reassessment to evaluate efficacy and tox ... | 1993 | 8396302 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection presenting as acute hepatitis in an aids patient: clinical and ethical problems encountered. | | 1993 | 8399508 |
| rapid broth macrodilution method for determination of mics for mycobacterium avium isolates. | a multicenter study was done to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of a method for determining the mics of antimicrobial agents against the mycobacterium avium complex in 7h12 broth with the bactec system. in phase i, with eight drugs and 10 strains, intralaboratory reproducibility was 95.7 to 100%, allowing a 1-dilution difference upon repeat testing. the results of phase ii testing with 41 additional strains were consistent with those obtained in phase i, with good interlaboratory re ... | 1993 | 8408551 |
| chylous ascites caused by mycobacterium avium complex and mesenteric lymphadenitis in a child with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1993 | 8417435 |
| ultrasound findings in hepatic mycobacterial infections in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | ultrasound findings in 12 aids patients with abdominal mycobacterial infections were reviewed and correlated with liver histology. liver ultrasound abnormalities were common--present in 4/5 patients with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) and 7/7 patients with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection. the commonest ultrasound abnormality of the liver was a generally 'bright' liver, seen in 7/12 patients. focal liver lesions were seen in 5/7 patients with mtb but were not seen in any pati ... | 1993 | 8428415 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and handling of mycobacteria. | | 1993 | 8428527 |
| mics and mbcs of clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium within human macrophages. | the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of clarithromycin were determined quantitatively against the intracellular populations of five mycobacterium avium strains growing in monocyte-derived human macrophages. the mics were 1.0 microgram/ml, and the mbcs ranged from 16.0 to 64.0 micrograms/ml; these values were similar to the mics and mbcs found in broth cultures at ph 7.4 and were substantially lower than those found in broth cultures at phs 6.8 and 5.0. since the intracellular environment h ... | 1993 | 8431006 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, against mycobacterium avium complex, determined by the radiometric method. | mics of a newly developed benzoxazinorifamycin derivative, krm-1648, for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were determined by the bactec 460 tb system and compared with those of other known antimicrobial agents. the radiometric method gave a fast, accurate, and reproducible mic for each antimicrobial agent. mics of krm-1648 for 30 strains of mac (10 strains each of m. avium isolated from aids and non-aids patients and of mycobacterium intracellulare isolated from non-aids patients) were measured ... | 1993 | 8431020 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and serologic characterization of a 27-kilodalton mycobacterium intracellulare lipoprotein. | disseminated mycobacteremia resulting from mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) infections frequently contribute to the morbidity and mortality seen in aids patients. to better understand the immunopathology of mac disease and to identify molecules that may have potential diagnostic and vaccine utility, an immunoreactive m. intracellulare protein (mi43) and the gene encoding this antigen were characterized. southern blot hybridizations demonstrated that mi43 gene probes ... | 1993 | 8432589 |
| comparison of four decontamination methods for recovery of mycobacterium avium complex from stools. | the presence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in stool specimens may be a predictor of disseminated mac infection, yet the methods for decontaminating stools have not been evaluated for their usefulness in recovering mac organisms. in the present study, four decontamination methods commonly used to recover acid-fast bacteria from respiratory specimens were compared for their utility in recovering mac from stool specimens. ten strains of mac were used at a level of 10(4) to 10(6) cfu to seed ... | 1993 | 8432816 |
| preventive health care for adults with hiv infection. | to assess the level of evidence for preventive health interventions for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1993 | 8433470 |
| in vitro activity of thalidomide against mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1993 | 8435034 |