| modification of morphological characters and cuticular compounds in worker ants leptothorax nylanderi induced by endoparasites anomotaenia brevis. | anomotaenia brevis (cestoda, cyclophyllidea) induces major changes in the morphological characters of the host ant, leptothorax nylanderi (hymenoptera, formicidae): alteration of pigmentation, lowering of adult mean size, reduction of legs, eyes and head, enlargement of petiole. the presence of parasites in adult ants also modifies the quantity of cuticular compounds but not their quality. the parasite induces some changes in the synthesis/release of 13 cuticular hydrocarbons. the higher the num ... | 2000 | 12770249 |
| partial identification of a peptide that stimulates the primary urine production of single isolated malpighian tubules of the forest ant, formica polyctena. | a peptide was purified from a 10% trifluoroacetic acid (tfa) head/thorax extract of 300,000 ants with high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). fluid secretion assay of single isolated malpighian tubules was used as a bioassay. the purity of f. polyctena diuretic peptide (fopdp) after a two step hplc protocol was confirmed by means of mass spectrometry and revealed a molecular mass of 7514 daltons. due to lack of material, no enzymatic digestion could be performed and the sequence of only t ... | 1999 | 12770305 |
| respiratory q10 varies between populations of two species of myrmica ants according to the latitude of their sites. | metabolic respiration by groups of resting myrmica ruginodis and m. scabrinodis worker ants from five sites representing a range of latitudes, have been compared by measuring rates of co(2) production-standardised by fat-free weight-at 5 and 25 degrees c. m. ruginodis which lives in cooler habitats than m. scabrinodis consistently produced more co(2). at 5 degrees c ants of both species from southern latitudes were metabolically more active than those from more northerly latitudes, whereas at 25 ... | 1999 | 12770340 |
| the control of mandible movements in the ant odontomachus. | ants use their mandibles to manipulate many different objects including food, brood and nestmates. different tasks require the modification of mandibular force and speed. besides normal mandible movements the trap-jaw ant odontomachus features a particularly fast mandible reflex during which both mandibles close synchronously within 3 ms. the mandibular muscles that govern mandible performance are controlled by four opener and eight closer motor neurons. during slow mandible movements different ... | 1999 | 12770370 |
| atypical vitellins in ponerine ants (formicidae: hymenoptera). | higher hymenopteran vitellogenin/vitellins have been characterized as containing one large apoprotein. we show that in the ant subfamily ponerinae, species in the tribes odontomachini, platythyrini, and amblyoponini, also have a vitellin with this simple structure, containing a single apoprotein of 180-190kda. species in tribes ponerini and ectatommini, however, have vitellins containing multiple subunits. the size and number of the subunits varies, with differences even among species within the ... | 1999 | 12770376 |
| uruguay: ants versus elephants. | | 2003 | 12773719 |
| when houseguests become parasites: sympatric speciation in ants. | | 2003 | 12782793 |
| fire ants represent an important risk for anaphylaxis among residents of an endemic region. | imported fire ants (ifa) represent a potential anaphylactic risk to ifa-sensitized individuals. | 2003 | 12789229 |
| effects of wolbachia on mtdna variation in two fire ant species. | wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria that infect arthropods. as they are maternally transmitted, the spread of wolbachia variants within host populations may affect host mtdna evolution. we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene from numerous individuals of two wolbachia-infected fire ant species, solenopsis invicta and s. richteri, to determine how these bacteria influence patterns of mtdna variation. as predicted, there was a strong association between wolbachia str ... | 2003 | 12803629 |
| determinants of intracolonial relatedness in pogonomyrmex rugosus (hymenoptera; formicidae): mating frequency and brood raids. | the genus pogonomyrmex is one of three ant genera with an effective mating frequency (me) > 2.0. we developed microsatellites to determine me for p. rugosus because mating frequency of p. rugosus was known only from observational data which do not allow an estimate of me. we genotyped 474 workers from 20 colonies for two microsatellite loci. observed mating frequencies ranged from 3 to 12 and me for p. rugosus was 4.71. observed patriline frequencies were significantly different from the expecte ... | 2003 | 12803642 |
| colony insularity through queen control on worker social motivation in ants. | we investigated the relative contribution of the queen and workers to colony nestmate recognition cues and on colony insularity in the carpenter ant camponotus fellah. workers were either individually isolated, preventing contact with both queen and workers (colonial deprived, cd), kept in queenless groups, allowing only worker-worker interactions (queen deprived, qd) or in queenright (qr) groups. two weeks post-separation qd and qr workers were amicable towards each other but both rejected thei ... | 2003 | 12803913 |
| cysticercoids of five species of raillietina fuhrmann, 1920 (cestoda: davaineidae) in ants, pheidole sp., from emu farms in australia. | cysticercoids of five species of raillietina, r. australis (krabbe, 1869) fuhrmann, 1924, r. beveridgei o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000, r. chiltoni o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000, r. dromaius o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000 and r. mitchelli o'callaghan, davies & andrews, 2000, parasitic in the emu dromaius novaehollandiae latham, are described. each species was identified on the basis of the number and size of the rostellar hooks, which correspond to those of adult worms. cysticerc ... | 2003 | 12815212 |
| size-correlated division of labour and spatial distribution of workers in the driver ant, dorylus molestus. | driver ants ( dorylus spp.) show a high degree of worker polymorphism. previous reports suggest that large dorylus workers are specialised for defensive tasks. in this study, we first quantitatively tested whether there is a size-correlated division of defensive labour among workers. second, we determined whether the spatial distribution of workers outside the nest can be predicted based on such size-specific differences in task allocation. we show that the division of defensive behaviour among ... | 2003 | 12835840 |
| [within-colony relatedness asymmetry and social conflicts in ants]. | the haplodiploïd sex-determining system of hymenoptera, whereby males usually develop from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilised eggs, results in relatedness coefficients that are not uniform among colony members. these asymmetries in relatedness are directly affected by the genetic architecture of the colony, which in turn depends on various factors such as queen number or queen mating frequency. relatedness asymmetries induce different fitness returns per unit investment and, as a resu ... | 2003 | 12836218 |
| informational constraints on optimal sex allocation in ants. | workers of the ant formica truncorum specialize in rearing females or males depending on the number of fathers of a colony. these split sex ratios increase inclusive fitness, but it has remained unknown how workers assess the number of patrilines in their colonies and to what extent their reproductive decisions are constrained by lack of information. by analysis of the quantitative variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of workers of multiply mated queens, we show that the heritable compone ... | 2003 | 12837935 |
| dominant meat ants affect only their specialist predator in an epigaeic arthropod community. | ants are thought to exert an important influence on the structure of arthropod assemblages through predation and competition. i examined the effect of a dominant ant, iridomyrmex purpureus, on epigaeic arthropod assemblages on rock outcrops using an exclusion experiment. i compared arthropod assemblages on four replicate outcrops allocated to each of the following treatments: i. purpureus present; i. purpureus absent; i. purpureus excluded; and procedural control. nests of i. purpureus were cage ... | 2003 | 12844254 |
| reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry for the analysis of negatively charged, derivatized glycans. | the significant complexity, similar polarity and lack of ionizable sites make the analysis of glycans an analytical challenge. these compounds are often derivatized and separated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) or capillary electrophoresis (ce) followed by uv or fluorescence detection. due to widespread use of reversed-phase chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry as an analytical tool, our laboratory has developed this methodology for the analysis ... | 2003 | 12845576 |
| united states department of agriculture-agricultural research service research on veterinary pests. | an overview of ars research in the field of veterinary pests is presented. results of research from the past three years on ticks, fire ants, nuisance flies, mosquitoes, sand flies and black flies, among others, are included. where applicable, significance of research is discussed. | 2003 | 12846334 |
| residual susceptibility of the red imported fire ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) to four agricultural insecticides. | the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta buren, is an abundant predator in cropping systems throughout its range. it has been documented to be an important predator of numerous crop pests, as well as being an agricultural pest itself. information on the impact of insecticides on natural enemies such as fire ants is necessary for the integration of biological and chemical control tactics in an effective pest management program. therefore, a residual vial bioassay was developed to determine t ... | 2003 | 12852600 |
| determining the foraging range and origin of resurgence after treatment of argentine ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) in urban areas. | the foraging range and distribution of argentine ant, linepithema humile (mayr), colonies in urban areas of southern california extended at least 61 m (200 feet) from feeding stations and structures. ants were fed at 25% sucrose feeding stations containing 0.01% fluorescent brighter (fb28). within 14 d, from 77-90% of the ants sampled next to the feeding stations were positive for fb28. the percentage of ants with fb28 declined gradually to approximately 55% 61 m away from the feeding station. t ... | 2003 | 12852625 |
| effect of aromatic cedar mulch on argentine ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) foraging activity and nest establishment. | in the laboratory, argentine ant, linepithema humile (mayr), mortality was positively correlated to the length of an aromatic cedar mulch section that had to be crossed before food could be reached. when ants could access food without crossing the mulch, mortality was not correlated to mulch section length. in the field, argentine ants showed a tendency to avoid aromatic cedar mulch as a nesting substrate. in plant beds alongside buildings the number of ant nests (pockets containing brood) found ... | 2003 | 12852626 |
| effects of boric acid, fipronil, hydramethylnon, and diflubenzuron baits on colonies of ghost ants (hymenoptera: formicidae). | laboratory colonies of the ghost ant, tapinoma melanocephalum (f.) were administered sugar solution (10%) baits containing the insecticides boric acid, fipronil (regent), hydramethylnon (siege), or diflubenzuron (dimiln). colonies were exposed to the baits for 21 d, and development of workers, queens, and brood (larvae and pupae) was observed for 4 wk. fipronil (0.05%) caused 100% mortality in all colonies the first week. with boric acid (0.5%), 100% mortality of workers, queens, and brood was r ... | 2003 | 12852627 |
| retrieval of granular bait by the argentine ant (hymenoptera: formicidae): effect of clumped versus scattered dispersion patterns. | argentine ants, linepithema humile (mayr), use mass recruitment foraging, with clumped prey items being retrieved more efficiently than dispersed prey. however, in prior field experiments, granular baits, whether dispensed in containers or broadly scattered, had a similar impact on argentine ant populations. in laboratory experiments, granular insecticide bait was encountered faster by argentine ant workers and more granules were initially returned to the colony when the granules were scattered ... | 2003 | 12852629 |
| history and the global ecology of squamate reptiles. | the structure of communities may be largely a result of evolutionary changes that occurred many millions of years ago. we explore the historical ecology of squamates (lizards and snakes), identify historically derived differences among clades, and examine how this history has affected present-day squamate assemblages globally. a dietary shift occurred in the evolutionary history of squamates. iguanian diets contain large proportions of ants, other hymenopterans, and beetles, whereas these are mi ... | 2003 | 12856236 |
| [ancient and modern studies on medicinal ants]. | textual study of historical and modern scientific studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of medicinal ants were carried out. the records in the ancient literatures conform to modern scientific research. rational utilization and development were suggested. | 2003 | 12858763 |
| leptogenys khammouanensis sp. nov. (hymenoptera: formicidae). a possible troglobitic species of laos, with a discussion on cave ants. | the new species leptogenys khammouanensis sp. nov. is described from two caves of the khammouan karst (laos). it is characterized by a set of striking morphological characters (reduced eyes, light pigmentation, slender body and very elongated legs and antennae), which recall the troglobiomorphic traits of cave arthropods. relations between caves and ants are discussed at this occasion, in the light of the recent biological explorations of caves in southeast asia. the classical view that ants are ... | 2003 | 12867722 |
| ants join online colony to boost conservation efforts. | | 2003 | 12867945 |
| complex hybrid origin of genetic caste determination in harvester ants. | caste differentiation and division of labour are the hallmarks of insect societies and at the root of their ecological success. kin selection predicts that caste determination should result from environmentally induced differences in gene expression, a prediction largely supported by empirical data. however, two exceptional cases of genetically determined caste differentiation have recently been found in harvester ants. here we show that genetic caste determination evolved in these populations a ... | 2003 | 12867980 |
| worker caste polymorphism has a genetic basis in acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants. | division of labor is fundamental to the success of all societies. the most striking examples are the physically polymorphic worker castes in social insects with clear morphological adaptations to different roles. these polymorphic worker castes have previously been thought to be a classic example of nongentically controlled polymorphism, being mediated entirely by environmental cues. here we show that worker caste development in the leaf-cutting ant acromyrmex echinatior has a significant geneti ... | 2003 | 12878720 |
| the energetic cost of reproductive conflicts in the ant pachycondyla obscuricornis. | in a variety of social animals, individuals can secure reproductive rights through aggressive dominance. direct individual benefits of aggression are widely recognized, but underlying costs affecting group productivity, and thus indirect benefits, are less clear. costs of aggressive regulation of reproduction are especially important in small social insect colonies, where individual workers could potentially dominate male production. we estimated the energetic costs associated with the regulatio ... | 2003 | 12880655 |
| sumo wrestling in ants: major workers fight over male production in acanthomyrmex ferox. | in the myrmicine ant acanthomyrmex ferox, major workers have the same number of ovarioles as queens, thrice that of minor workers, making them well suited for egg-laying. in the queen's presence, infrequent aggression allows ranking of majors but they lay only unviable trophic eggs. major workers engage each other, but not the minors, in antennal boxing and spectacular shaking contests, a novel interaction in ants. the absence of reversals allows a clear ranking of major workers. after queen rem ... | 2003 | 12883775 |
| the emergence of collective foraging in the arboreal gnamptogenys menadensis (hymenoptera: formicidae). | gnamptogenys menadensis is an arboreal nester that forages opportunistically almost exclusively on vegetation, sometimes recruiting others to participate in prey retrieval. the three-dimensional characteristics of vegetation suggest that functions describing recruitment decision thresholds or the pattern of recruitment in arboreal species may differ from those predicted by optimal foraging theory. to examine the effects of prey abundance and distance on the recruitment dynamics of g. menadensis, ... | 2003 | 12883778 |
| the genome sequence of blochmannia floridanus: comparative analysis of reduced genomes. | bacterial symbioses are widespread among insects, probably being one of the key factors of their evolutionary success. we present the complete genome sequence of blochmannia floridanus, the primary endosymbiont of carpenter ants. although these ants feed on a complex diet, this symbiosis very likely has a nutritional basis: blochmannia is able to supply nitrogen and sulfur compounds to the host while it takes advantage of the host metabolic machinery. remarkably, these bacteria lack all known ge ... | 2003 | 12886019 |
| disentangling a rainforest food web using stable isotopes: dietary diversity in a species-rich ant community. | for diverse communities of omnivorous insects such as ants, the extent of direct consumption of plant-derived resources vs. predation is largely unknown. however, determination of the extent of "herbivory" among ants may be crucial to understand the hyper-dominance of ants in tropical tree crowns, where prey organisms tend to occur scarcely and unpredictably. we therefore examined n and c stable isotope ratios (delta(15)n and delta(13)c) in 50 ant species and associated insects and plants from a ... | 2003 | 12898386 |
| regulation of ants' foraging to resource productivity. | we investigate the behavioural rule used by ant societies to adjust their foraging response to the honeydew productivity of aphids. when a scout finds a single food source, the decision to lay a recruitment trail is an all-or-none response based on the opportunity for this scout to ingest a desired volume acting as a threshold. here, we demonstrate, through experimental and theoretical approaches, the generic value of this recruitment rule that remains valid when ants have to forage on multiple ... | 2003 | 12908982 |
| optimality of collective choices: a stochastic approach. | amplifying communication is a characteristic of group-living animals. this study is concerned with food recruitment by chemical means, known to be associated with foraging in most ant colonies but also with defence or nest moving. a stochastic approach of collective choices made by ants faced with different sources is developed to account for the fluctuations inherent to the recruitment process. it has been established that ants are able to optimize their foraging by selecting the most rewarding ... | 2003 | 12909251 |
| colony structure in a plant-ant: behavioural, chemical and genetic study of polydomy in cataulacus mckeyi (myrmicinae). | social organisation of colonies of obligate plant-ants can affect their interaction with myrmecophyte hosts and with other ants competing for the resources they offer. an important parameter of social organisation is whether nest sites of a colony include one or several host individuals. we determined colony boundaries in a plant-ant associated with the rainforest understorey tree leonardoxa africana subsp. africana, found in coastal forests of cameroon (central africa). this myrmecophyte is str ... | 2003 | 12910408 |
| one case of dicrocoeliidae infection. | a 25 years old sergeant of dicrocoeliidae infection was studied. this patient was not a spurious infection case and diagnosis was based on rocovery of the characteristic eggs consistently in the feces for 2 month. this case had no history of ingestion of ingestion of ants, land snail of grasshopper. in this case with complaints of flatulence, nausea, loss of appetite and dizziness, physical examination reveald no pathological findings except pale cornea. liver function tests were observed to be ... | 1971 | 12913617 |
| colony behavior of atta sexdens rubropilosa (hymenoptera: formicidae) in the absence of the queen under laboratory conditions. | a colony of atta sexdens rubropilosa was studied in the presence and absence of the queen. the frequency of 23 previously defined behaviors was quantified in terms of average frequencies of act occurrence. colony behavioral activities such as foraging, fungal care, and refuse manipulation were not directly influenced by the queen's presence up to 30 days after the queen's death. the queen, which also seems to maintain colony cohesion aside from reproduction, indirectly affected brood care. | 2003 | 12914995 |
| cuticular hydrocarbons mediate discrimination of reproductives and nonreproductives in the ant myrmecia gulosa. | in many species of social insects, the cuticular hydrocarbons of adults vary with both colony identity and individual physiology (oogenesis). such variations have been shown in some ants and social wasps to function in nestmate recognition, but as yet there is no demonstration of their use by workers to recognize egg layers. we report that in the ant myrmecia gulosa, workers can discriminate queens and fertile workers from infertile individuals based on distinctive blends of long-chained hydroca ... | 2003 | 12920186 |
| collective specification of cellular development. | studies of chimeras and in vivo development demonstrate that cell lineages are often quite variable, apparently in response to chance perturbations. this points to an apparent contradiction: although individual cells are the units of genetic information and differentiation, not all cellular events need be precise for the development of functional organisms. the social organization of ants can serve as a metaphor that helps understand the mechanisms that underlie such development. ants suggest th ... | 2003 | 12938179 |
| inbreeding and sex-biased gene flow in the ant formica exsecta. | the objective of this study was to assess breeding and dispersal patterns of both males and females in a monogyne (a single queen per colony) population of ants. monogyny is commonly associated with extensive nuptial flights, presumably leading to considerable gene flow over large areas. opposite to these expectations we found evidence of both inbreeding and sex-biased gene flow in a monogyne population of formica exsecta. we found a significant degree of population subdivision at a local scale ... | 2003 | 12940360 |
| effects of decomposition on carcass attendance in a guild of carrion-breeding flies. | many forensically important calliphorids, sarcophagids and muscids (diptera) oviposit or larviposit on corpses only during the early stages of decomposition, yet individuals may attend bodies throughout decay. a field study was conducted to investigate how patterns of carcass use and attendance by some fly species are affected by decomposition. five fly traps were placed in the forest and baited with whole, fresh piglet carcasses. piglets decomposed in traps throughout the experiment, and all we ... | 2003 | 12941010 |
| auguste forel on ants and neurology. | auguste forel was born in 1848 in the french part of switzerland. he developed a lifelong passion for myrmecology in his childhood, but chose medicine and neuropsychiatry to earn his living. he first undertook a comparative study of the thalamus under theodor meynert in vienna and then, from 1872 to 1879, he worked as assistant physician to bernhard von gudden in munich. this led in 1877 to his seminal work on the organization of the tegmental region in which he provides the first description of ... | 2003 | 12945958 |
| morphological adaptation of the skull for various behaviors in the tree shrews. | skull size and shape were examined among 14 species of the tree shrews (tupaia montana, t. picta, t. splendidula, t. mulleri, t. longipes, t. glis, t. javanica, t. minor, t. gracilis, t. dorsalis, t. tana, dendrogale melanura, d. murina, and ptilocercus lowii). the bones of face were rostro-caudally longer in t. tana and t. dorsalis, contrasting with t. minor and t. gracilis, d. melanura, d. murina and p. lowii which have smaller facial length ratios. the arbo-terrestrial species (t. longipes an ... | 2003 | 12951419 |
| localized scalp hair shedding caused by pheidole ants and overwiew of similar case reports. | localized hair shedding caused by pheidole ants is reported as a newly recognized type of hair loss, mimicking alopecia areata. we report two cases from kerman, iran. this sudden hair loss demonstrates that ants such as the pheidole dimorphic species can cause hair shedding. fairly clean cutting of the scalp hair takes place just a few micrometers above the skin surface and simulates alopecia areata or mechanical shaving of scalp hair. this infestation has not been reported from other countries, ... | 2003 | 12952759 |
| investigation by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of trail pheromones in ants. | the dufour's gland content of workers of two ant species of the genus messor has been analyzed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the structures of the compounds in the pheromonal mixtures have been determined. in both cases only one intact gland, inserted in a properly dimensioned capillary vial, is sufficient to produce a clean and fully interpretable gc/ms profile. it is worth noting that, for the first time in messor ants, farnesol has been ... | 2003 | 12955735 |
| army ants: an evolutionary bestseller? | army ants are characterized by a complex combination of behavioral and morphological traits. molecular data now indicate that army ant behavior has a unique evolutionary origin and has been conserved for over more than 100 million years. | 2003 | 12956971 |
| coevolution between slave-making ants and their hosts: host specificity and geographical variation. | we explored the impact of a slave-making ant, protomognathus americanus, on two of its hosts, leptothorax longispinosus and l. ambiguus. we showed that, on average, slave-maker colonies conduct raids on 2.7 l. longispinosus and 1.4 l. ambiguus nests in a single year. the more common host, l. longispinosus, survives raiding and colony-founding events in a third of the cases, but the less common host rarely survives attacks from the slave-makers. we compare our results, collected in vermont, to a ... | 2003 | 12969483 |
| formicitylenchus oregonensis n. g., n. sp. (allantonematidae: nematoda), the first tylenchid parasite of ants, with a review of nematodes described from ants. | the first tylenchid parasite of ants, formicitylenchus oregonensis n. g., n. sp., is described from a queen carpenter ant camponotus vicinus mayr in western oregon, usa. the new genus is characterised by the excretory pore anterior to the nerve-ring and rounded tails in the free-living adults, a stylet bearing basal thickenings in the free-living female, a smaller stylet lacking basal thickenings in the male and a short, crenulate leptoderan bursa. the mature parasitic female is light yellow and ... | 2003 | 12975624 |
| [the solenopsis saevissima complex in south america (hymenoptera: formicidae)]. | | 1952 | 13012835 |
| [odorous secretions of ants]. | | 1952 | 13020006 |
| the origin and evolution of polymorphism in ants. | | 1953 | 13074471 |
| ants myrmica rubra l. and m. scabrinodis nylander as intermediate hosts of a cestode. | | 1954 | 13165623 |
| papular urticaria caused by red ants. | | 1959 | 13625442 |
| source and possible nature of the odor trail of fire ants. | experimental evidence shows that the odor trail of the fire ant solenopsis saevissima (fr. smith) is produced as a secretion of the accessory gland of the poison apparatus and released through the extruded sting. preliminary studies suggest that this substance may be chemically allied to or even identical with the toxic principle of the venom. | 1959 | 13635001 |
| isolation of a hemolytic component of fire ant venom. | a crystalline hemolytic principle, shown to be a constituent of fire ant venom and having the properties of an amine, was isolated from crude extracts of whole ants. the chromatographic procedure of isolation is described, and a preliminary report is given about some properties of the substance. | 1959 | 13675768 |
| snapshot memories and landmark guidance in wood ants. | insects are thought to pinpoint a place by using memorized "snapshots," i.e., two-dimensional retinotopic views of the surrounding landmarks recorded when at the place (reviewed in ). insects then reach the place by moving until their current view matches their snapshot. to determine when snapshots are recalled, and how differences between view and snapshot are translated into appropriate movements, we analyzed the approaches of wood ants to a feeding site that was located in the center of an ar ... | 2003 | 13678592 |
| [preliminary contribution to the study of the ants (brachycera) of ecuador]. | | 1960 | 13690318 |
| [the role of ants in the developmental process of the lancet-shaped fluke (dicrocoelium dendriticum)]. | | 1962 | 13961238 |
| [ants (formica rufa) as possible indicators of radioactive fallout]. | | 1963 | 14020426 |
| [stings and bites of bees, wasps, mosquitoes and ants]. | | 1962 | 14032140 |
| venom and venom apparatus of the bull ant, myrmecia gulosa (fabr.). | the venom of myrmecia gulosa (myrmeciinae, formicidae) is of a proteinaceous type and is separated by electrophoresis into eight components. the venom contains histamine, a hyaluronidase, and a direct hemolytic factor. it also shows kinin-like activity. in structure the venom apparatus is found to be massively formed internally as well as externally. it is distinguished from the apparatus of representatives of other ant subfamilies by characteristics of the free gland filaments, the reservoir wa ... | 1964 | 14173036 |
| genesis of social parasitism among ants. | | 1965 | 14308693 |
| biochemical polymorphism in ants. | ants of different sexes and castes produce different odorous compounds. in pheidole fallax mayr, soldier ants produce an indole base, probably skatole, whereas minor workers produce a trial substance, males of certain species of lasius and acanthomyops produce mixtures of terpenes and an indole base. these mixtures are discharged during mating pheromones. the terpene mixtures are qualitatively similar, but each species produces a blend of distinctive proportions. citronellol and 2,6-dimethyl-5-h ... | 1965 | 14325157 |
| [ants responsible for propagation of the "little fluke", dicrocoelium lanceolatum (rudolphi, 1803) of sheep in lorraine. observations on metacercarian larvae]. | | 1965 | 14341295 |
| [apprenticeship and the problem of conflict in ants. comparison with rats]. | | 1960 | 14443281 |
| ability of canine termite detectors to locate live termites and discriminate them from non-termite material. | dogs were trained to detect eastern subterranean termites, reticulitermes flavipes (kollar), using the united states customs method of scent detection dog training modified with a food reward. dogs were tested with various numbers of eastern subterranean termites placed in vented pvc containers. trained dogs were 95.93% accurate in finding > or = 40 eastern subterranean termite workers (positive indications) and incorrectly indicated the presence of termites in 2.69% of the containers without te ... | 2003 | 14503599 |
| the effect of metapleural gland secretion on the growth of a mutualistic bacterium on the cuticle of leaf-cutting ants. | in acromyrmex octospinosus leaf-cutting ants the metapleural glands produce an array of antibiotic compounds that serve as a general defence against unwanted microbes on the cuticle. leaf-cutting ants also grow mutualistic pseudonocardiaceae bacteria on their cuticle that produce antibiotics controlling a microfungal parasite of their fungus gardens. interaction between this bacterium and gland secretion therefore seems unavoidable. we document the typical development of bacterial growth on the ... | 2003 | 14504783 |
| purification, biochemical characterization, and cdna cloning of a glutathione s-transferase from the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta. | a glutathione s-transferase (gst) was purified 266-fold from adult workers of the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: formicidae) by affinity chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. the purified enzyme appeared as a single band on sds-page and had a mr of 25.5 kda. steady state kinetics assays of the enzyme with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate were conducted. the vmax, km cdnb, km gsh, kcat, kcat/km cdnb, and kcat/km gsh for the purified fire ant gst wer ... | 2003 | 14505691 |
| pathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from two species of acromyrmex (hymenoptera, formicidae). | the control of acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants is necessary due to the severe damage they cause to diverse crops. a possibility was to control them using the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) that characteristically produces insecticidal crystal proteins (icps). the icps have been effective in controlling lepidopterans, dipterans, and coleopterans, but their action against hymenopterans is unknown. this paper describes an attempt to isolate bt from ants of two acromyrmex species, to evaluate it ... | 2003 | 14509852 |
| insect faunal succession on decaying rabbit carcasses in punjab, india. | insect faunal succession on decaying rabbit carcasses was carried out at punjabi university, patiala (punjab), india, from march 1997 to december 1999. four stages of decomposition were recognized, i.e., fresh, bloated, decay, and dry. a total of 38 insect species belonging to four orders and 13 families were recorded. diptera, coleoptera, and hymenoptera dominated the carrion fauna. calliphorids were the first to arrive in all the seasons of the year. five species of calliphoridae, four of sarc ... | 2003 | 14535681 |
| multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs. | aposematism is the association, in a prey organism, of the presence of a warning signal with unprofitability to predators. the origin of aposematism is puzzling, because of its predicted low probability of establishment in a population due to the prey's increased conspicuousness. aposematism is a widespread trait in invertebrate taxa, but, in vertebrates, it is mostly evident in amphibians, reptiles, and fishes. poison frogs (dendrobatidae) are one of the most well known examples of the co-occur ... | 2003 | 14555763 |
| worker policing without genetic conflicts in a clonal ant. | in group-living animals, mutual policing to suppress reproduction is an important mechanism in the resolution of conflict between selfish group members and the group as a whole. in societies of bees, ants, and wasps, policing against the production of males by other workers is expected when egg laying by workers decreases the average inclusive fitness of individual group members. this may result (i) from the relatedness of workers being lower to worker than to queen-derived males or (ii) from a ... | 2003 | 14557542 |
| olfactive detection of fig wasps as prey by the ant crematogaster scutellaris (formicidae; myrmicinae). | in the species-specific and obligate mutualism between the fig (ficus carica) and its pollinator (the fig wasps blastophaga psenes), a third participant, the ant crematogaster scutellaris, is a predator of the wasps. here, we ask how ant workers can rapidly localise such prey, whose availability is limited in time and space. using a y-tube olfactometer, we tested ant response to odours emitted by different types of figs (receptive female, ripe female or male figs) and by fig wasps (pollinators o ... | 2003 | 14564404 |
| differential host use in two highly specialized ant-plant associations: evidence from stable isotopes. | carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to examine variation in ant use of plant resources in the cecropia obtusifolia / azteca spp. association in costa rica. tissue of ants, host plants and symbiotic pseudococcids were collected along three elevation transects on the pacific slope of costa rica's cordillera central, and were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. worker carbon and nitrogen signatures were found to vary with elevation and ant colony size, and between aztec ... | 2004 | 14564500 |
| colony-structure variation and interspecific competitive ability in the invasive argentine ant. | the success of some invasive species may depend on phenotypic changes that occur following introduction. in argentine ants (linepithema humile) introduced populations typically lack intraspecific aggression, but native populations display such behavior commonly. we employ three approaches to examine how this behavioral shift might influence interspecific competitive ability. in a laboratory experiment, we reared colonies of forelius mccooki with pairs of argentine ant colonies that either did or ... | 2004 | 14566557 |
| new observations of ant-dipping techniques in wild chimpanzees at bossou, guinea. | ant-dipping behavior is often cited as a clear example of chimpanzee culture, since different populations have apparently different dipping techniques (the one-handed method used by chimpanzees in bossou, guinea and taï, côte d'ivoire, and the two-handed method used in gombe, tanzania). here we report a new observation of ant-dipping behavior from bossou using the two-handed method, in addition to the first detailed description of the one-handed method. although the main dipping pattern was the ... | 2004 | 14566573 |
| queen size mediates queen survival and colony fitness in harvester ants. | we examined the effect of queen size on the probability of new colony establishment in the ant pogonomyrmex occidentalis. large queens are significantly more likely to survive than small queens through the initial stages of colony founding. these differences in individual fitness correlates have corresponding effects on colony fitness. in species in which individual queens vary in fitness, sexual allocation ratios should incorporate the individual fitness functions. | 2003 | 14575338 |
| chemical composition and biological activity of nepeta parnassica oils and isolated nepetalactones. | essential oils of nepeta parnassica, collected at different developmental stages, were analyzed by means of gc/ms. from the fifty-five identified constituents in samples a and b, representing 94.8% and 98.7% of the oils respectively, 4a(alpha),7alpha,7alpha(beta)-nepetalactone (22.0%), 1,8-cineole (21.1%), alpha-pinene (9.5%) and 4a(alpha),7,beta,7alpha(beta)-nepetalactone (7.9%) were the major components of sample a (vegetative stage), whereas in sample b (flowering stage) the main contributors ... | 2003 | 14577631 |
| patterns of venom synthesis and use in the fire ant, solenopsis invicta. | in the life of the fire ant, solenopsis invicta, venom plays several important roles, including prey capture, defense, and anti-microbial action. although this venom's chemistry, pharmacology, and effects on humans have been extensively studied, its patterns of synthesis and use have not. we determined the ability of different-aged workers to synthesize venom, and measured the amount of venom workers delivered per sting. newly eclosed workers contained little or no venom in their reservoirs. the ... | 2003 | 14602123 |
| prevention of anaphylaxis with ant venom immunotherapy. | worldwide, eight genera of ants have been associated with sting allergy. until recently only whole ant body extracts have been used for immunotherapy. the purpose of this review is to examine recent advances in the understanding of ant venom allergy and treatment using venom immunotherapy. | 2003 | 14612677 |
| the ant's estimation of distance travelled: experiments with desert ants, cataglyphis fortis. | foraging desert ants, cataglyphis fortis, monitor their position relative to the nest by path integration. they continually update the direction and distance to the nest by employing a celestial compass and an odometer. in the present account we addressed the question of how the precision of the ant's estimate of its homing distance depends on the distance travelled. we trained ants to forage at different distances in linear channels comprising a nest entrance and a feeder. for testing we caught ... | 2004 | 14614570 |
| use of ribosomal dna sequence data to characterize and detect a neogregarine pathogen of solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: formicidae). | a neogregarine parasite of the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta, was discovered recently in florida and tentatively placed in the mattesia genus based on morphological characterization. s. invicta infected with this mattesia species exhibited a characteristic yellowing of the cuticle which was designated mattesia "yellow-head disease" (yhd). the 18s rrna gene sequence from mattesia yhd was elucidated and compared with the neogregarine pathogens, mattesia geminata and ophriocystis elektr ... | 2003 | 14615220 |
| optimization, conflict, and nonoverlapping foraging ranges in ants. | an organism's foraging range depends on the behavior of neighbors, the dynamics of resources, and the availability of information. we use a well-studied population of the red harvester ant pogonomyrmex barbatus to develop and independently parameterize models that include these three factors. the models solve for an allocation of foraging ants in the area around the nest in response to other colonies. we compare formulations that optimize at the colony or individual level and those that do or do ... | 2003 | 14618533 |
| army ants trapped by their evolutionary history. | | 2003 | 14624241 |
| the distribution and evolutionary history of wolbachia infection in native and introduced populations of the invasive argentine ant (linepithema humile). | wolbachia pipientis is a maternally transmitted bacterium that often alters the life history of its insect host to maximize transmission to subsequent generations. here we report on the frequency and distribution of wolbachia infection in a widespread invasive species, the argentine ant (linepithema humile). we screened 1175 individual argentine ants from 89 nests on five continents and several islands, including numerous locations in both the native (south american) and introduced ranges. we de ... | 2003 | 14629385 |
| caste fate conflict in swarm-founding social hymenoptera: an inclusive fitness analysis. | a caste system in which females develop into morphologically distinct queens or workers has evolved independently in ants, wasps and bees. although such reproductive division of labour may benefit the colony it is also a source of conflict because individual immature females can benefit from developing into a queen in order to gain greater direct reproduction. here we present a formal inclusive fitness analysis of caste fate conflict appropriate for swarm-founding social hymenoptera. three major ... | 2003 | 14632228 |
| ecology, life history and resource allocation in the ant, leptothorax nylanderi. | we aimed at identifying the causal basis of previously shown interrelations between demographic and genetic colony structure, ecological factors and split sex ratios in the ant, leptothorax nylanderi. colony-level variation in sex allocation was only partly explained by annual fluctuations during eight study years and by resource availability as indicated by sexual production of colonies. allocation ratios were highly male-biased in dense populations with ephemeral nest sites and high frequencie ... | 2003 | 14632230 |
| biomechanics of ant adhesive pads: frictional forces are rate- and temperature-dependent. | tarsal adhesive pads enable insects to hold on to smooth plant surfaces. using a centrifuge technique, we tested whether a "wet adhesion" model of a thin film of liquid secreted between the pad and the surface can explain adhesive and frictional forces in asian weaver ants (oecophylla smaragdina). when forces are acting parallel to the surface, pads in contact with the surface can slide smoothly. force per unit pad contact area was strongly dependent on sliding velocity and temperature. seemingl ... | 2004 | 14638834 |
| behavioral analysis of polarization vision in tethered flying locusts. | for spatial navigation many insects rely on compass information derived from the polarization pattern of the sky. we demonstrate that tethered flying desert locusts (schistocerca gregaria) show e-vector-dependent yaw-torque responses to polarized light presented from above. a slowly rotating polarizer (5.3 degrees s(-1)) induced periodic changes in yaw torque corresponding to the 180 degrees periodicity of the stimulus. control experiments with a rotating diffuser, a weak intensity pattern, and ... | 2004 | 14648100 |
| the role of anthracyclines in second-line therapy of ovarian cancer. | anthracyclines (ants) have been in clinical practice since the 1960s and represent one of the most commonly used classes of anticancer drugs. in the 1990s, meta-analyses showed a favorable impact of doxorubicin (dox/a) on the survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer, when it was combined with cyclophosphamide and cisplatin (cap) and compared to cp alone. with the acceptance of paclitaxel-carboplatin (tcb) as the new reference arm for first-line treatment, testing the addition of ants to ... | 2003 | 14656277 |
| argentine ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) trail pheromone enhances consumption of liquid sucrose solution. | we investigated whether the argentine ant, linepithema humile (mayr), trail pheromone, z9-16:ald, could enhance recruitment to and consumption of liquid sucrose solutions. all tests were done as paired comparisons with a 10% sucrose solution as food. in the laboratory, mixing 20 microl of a 10-microg/ml solution of the pheromone with 50 microl of the 10% sucrose solution increased the number of ants feeding by >150%. in a field test, we combined the trail pheromone with a 10% sucrose solution in ... | 2000 | 14658521 |
| route learning by insects. | ants and other insects often follow fixed routes from their nest to a foraging site. the shape of an ant's route is set, initially, by navigational strategies, such as path integration and the ant's innate responses to landmarks, which depend minimally on memory. with increasing experience, these early routes are stabilised through the learning of views of landmarks and of associated actions. the substitution of memory-based strategies makes an insect's route more robust and precise. the ability ... | 2003 | 14662374 |
| speed versus accuracy in collective decision making. | we demonstrate a speed versus accuracy trade-off in collective decision making. house-hunting ant colonies choose a new nest more quickly in harsh conditions than in benign ones and are less discriminating. the errors that occur in a harsh environment are errors of judgement not errors of omission because the colonies have discovered all of the alternative nests before they initiate an emigration. leptothorax albipennis ants use quorum sensing in their house hunting. they only accept a nest, and ... | 2003 | 14667335 |
| forest edges and fire ants alter the seed shadow of an ant-dispersed plant. | exotic species invade fragmented, edge-rich habitats readily, yet the distinct impacts of habitat edges and invaders on native biota are rarely distinguished. both appear detrimental to ant-dispersed plants such as bloodroot, sanguinaria canadensis. working in northeastern georgia (usa), an area characterized by a rich ant-dispersed flora, fragmented forests, and invasions by the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta, i monitored the interactions between ants and s. canadensis seeds in uninv ... | 2004 | 14673638 |
| the infrabuccal pellet piles of fungus-growing ants. | fungus-growing ants (attini) live in an obligate mutualism with the fungi they cultivate for food. because of the obligate nature of this relationship, the success of the ants is directly dependent on their ability to grow healthy fungus gardens. attine ants have evolved complex disease management strategies to reduce their garden's exposure to potential parasitic microbes, to prevent the establishment of infection in their gardens, and to remove infected garden sections. the infrabuccal pocket, ... | 2003 | 14676952 |
| gnamptogenys hartmani wheeler (ponerinae: ectatommini): an agro-predator of trachymyrmex and sericomyrmex fungus-growing ants. | the fungus gardens of fungus-growing ants are a potentially valuable resource for exploitation by natural enemies, but few of these antagonistic interactions have been studied. here we describe key aspects of the behavioral ecology of gnamptogenys hartmani (ponerinae: ectatommini), a specialized "agro-predator" of trachymyrmex and sericomyrmex fungus-growing ants in panama. raiding columns of g. hartmani attack and usurp nests with remarkably little effort: a few intruding workers are sufficient ... | 2003 | 14676954 |
| synergistic effects of three piper amides on generalist and specialist herbivores. | the tropical rainforest shrub piper cenocladum, which is normally defended against herbivores by a mutualistic ant, contains three amides that have various defensive functions. while the ants are effective primarily against specialist herbivores, we hypothesized that these secondary compounds would be effective against a wider range of insects, thus providing a broad array of defenses against herbivores. we also tested whether a mixture of amides would be more effective against herbivores than i ... | 2003 | 14682530 |
| [anaphylatic reactions to ant stings] | objective: relate the occurrence of severe anaphylactic reactions caused by ant stings.methods: case report of severe anaphylactic reaction caused by multiple ant stings, and revision of the literature (medline and lilacs). results: a male patient, white, 2 years-old, suffered multiple stings of small red ants of the species solenopsis invictas, with the occurrence of severe anaphylactic reactions, and resulting in cortical blindness as a neurological sequel. conclusions: the occurrence of such ... | 1998 | 14685628 |