| three strains of wolbachia pipientis and high rates of infection in iranian sandfly species. | individual wild-caught sandflies from iran were examined for infections of wolbachia pipientis by targeting the major surface protein gene wsp of this intracellular α-proteobacterium. in total, 638 male and female sandflies were screened, of which 241 were found to be positive for one of three wsp haplotypes. regardless of geographical origins and habitats, phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi and other sandfly species were found to be infected with one common, widespread strain of a-group w. pipi ... | 2014 | 24484966 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the gst family in anopheles (nyssorhynchus) darlingi. | anopheles darlingi root, 1926 and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) are the most important human malaria vectors in south america and africa, respectively. the two species are estimated to have diverged 100 million years ago. studies on the phylogenetics and evolution of gene sequences, such as glutathione s-transferase (gst) in disease-transmitting mosquitoes are scarce. the sigma class gst (kc890767) from the transcriptome of an. darlingi captured in the brazilian amazon was studied by in ... | 2014 | 24713199 |
| blood-feeding behaviors of anopheles stephensi but not phlebotomus papatasi are influenced by actively warming guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) under general anesthesia. | animal models are often used to study hematophagous insect feeding behavior and evaluate products such as topical repellents. however, when these models are used the study animals often experience significant drops in core body temperature because of the effects of anesthesia. this study used a guinea pig model to investigate whether maintaining a normothermic core body temperature during anesthesia influenced the rate of anopheles stephensi and phlebotomus papatasi blood feeding. experiments we ... | 2015 | 26181690 |
| identification and expression of a new member of the pyrokinin/pban gene family in the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi. | the major family of neuropeptides (nps) derived from the pk (pyrokinin)/pban (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide) gene are defined by a common fxprl-nh2 or similar sequence at the c-termini. this family of peptides has been found in all insect groups investigated to date and is implicated in regulating various physiological functions, including pheromone biosynthesis and diapause, but other functions are still largely unknown in specific life stages. here we identify two isoforms of ... | 2015 | 26050919 |
| phlebotomine sand fly survey in the focus of leishmaniasis in madrid, spain (2012-2014): seasonal dynamics, leishmania infantum infection rates and blood meal preferences. | an unusual increase of human leishmaniasis cases due to leishmania infantum is occurring in an urban area of southwestern madrid, spain, since 2010. entomological surveys have shown that phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. direct xenodiagnosis in hares (lepus granatensis) and rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in the focus area proved that they can transmit parasites to colonized p. perniciosus. isolates were characterized as l. infantum. the aim of the present work was ... | 2017 | 28764772 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in saudi arabia: a comprehensive overview. | despite the great efforts by health authorities in kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa), cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) continues to be a major public health problem in the country. many risk factors make ksa prone to outbreaks and epidemics; among these, rapid urbanization and the huge population movement are the most important. the disease is endemic in many parts of ksa, with the majority of cases concentrated in six regions, including al-qaseem, riyadh, al-hassa, aseer, ha'il, and al-madinah. leishma ... | 2017 | 28806141 |
| epidemiological study on cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area, of qom province, central iran. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is one of the most important health problems in many areas of iran. there are two forms of the disease in iran, anthroponotic and zoonotic cl. this study conducted to assess the epidemiological situation of cl in an endemic area of qom province, central iran from apr to nov 2015. | 2017 | 29322057 |
| sand-fly phlebotomus papatasi (phlebotominae): a general review with special reference to zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in egypt. | leishmania are digenetic protozoa which inhabit two hosts, the sandfly where they grow as promastigotes in the gut, and the mammalian macrophage where they grow as amastigotes. sandfly (or sand fly) is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran encountered in sandy areas. in the united states, sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family tabanidae), or to members of the family ceratopogonidae, also known in florida ... | 2015 | 26939230 |
| lipophosphoglycan polymorphisms do not affect leishmania amazonensis development in the permissive vectors lutzomyia migonei and lutzomyia longipalpis. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is a dominant surface molecule of leishmania promastigotes. its species-specific polymorphisms are found mainly in the sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po4 backbone of repeat units. leishmania amazonensis is one of the most important species causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. here, we describe lpg intraspecific polymorphisms in two le. amazonensis reference strains and their role during the development in three sand fly species. | 2017 | 29246180 |
| the characterization of the fat bodies and oenocytes in the adult females of the sand fly vectors lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi. | the fat body (fb) is responsible for the storage and synthesis of the majority of proteins and metabolites secreted into the hemolymph. oenocytes are responsible for lipid processing and detoxification. the fb is distributed throughout the insect body cavity and organized as peripheral and perivisceral portions in the abdomen, with trophocytes and oenocytes attached to the peripheral portion. here, we investigated the morphology and the subcellular changes in the peripheral and perivisceral fbs ... | 2014 | 24863740 |
| orientation of colonized sand flies phlebotomus papatasi, p. duboscqi, and lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) to diverse honeys using a 3-chamber in-line olfactometer. | a 3-chamber in-line olfactometer designed for use with sand flies is described and tested as a high-throughput method to screen honeys for attractiveness to phlebotomus papatasi (four geographic isolates), p. duboscqi (two geographic isolates), and lutzomyia longipalpis maintained in colonies at the walter reed army institute of research. a diversity of unifloral honey odors were evaluated as a proxy for the natural floral odors that sand flies may use in orientation to floral sugar sources in t ... | 2014 | 24820561 |
| species composition of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and modeling the spatial distribution of main vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hormozgan province, southern iran. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is one of the main neglected vector-borne diseases in the middle east, including iran. this study aimed to map the spatial distribution and species composition of sand flies in hormozgan province and to predict the best ecological niches for main cl vectors in this area. a database that included all earlier studies on sand flies in hormozgan province was established. sand flies were also collected from some localities across the province. prediction maps for main vec ... | 2017 | 29244144 |
| distribution, species composition and relative abundances of sandflies in north waziristan agency, pakistan. | this study was conducted to investigate the diversity of sandflies (psychodidae: phlebotominae) and the incidence of leishmaniasis in three villages of north waziristan agency, pakistan. sandflies were sampled monthly during 2012, at dusk and dawn, in selected indoor habitats including both bedrooms and animal sheds using a knock-down spray catch method. a total of 3687 sandflies were collected, including 1444 individuals in drezanda, 1193 in damdil and 1050 in dattakhel. this study revealed 14 ... | 2016 | 26582763 |
| species diversity of sand flies and ecological niche model of phlebotomus papatasi in central iran. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is the most important vector-borne disease in iran. qom province is a very important area in the case of cl transmission, because of high traffic population from other parts of the country, or even other countries, as well as existence of confirmed foci of the disease. the aim of this study was to determine the ecology of sand flies in two different climates of this province and model the distribution of the main vector. sand flies were collected monthly during april ... | 2015 | 26071647 |
| diversity and incrimination of sandflies (psychodidae: phlebotominae) captured in city and suburbs of hamadan, hamadan province, west of iran. | to investigate phlebotomus sand fly fauna and their vectorial capacity in hamadan, iran. | 2014 | 25312116 |
| diversity of sand flies (diptera, psychodidae) in southwest iran with emphasis on synanthropy of phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus alexandri. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is still a serious health problem in iran. the objective of the study was to determine the differences in sand fly biodiversity in shush (plain) and khorramshahr (littoral) counties, khuzestan province, southwest iran. sand flies were collected using sticky paper traps from urban, semi urban, agricultural and natural ecotypes. alpha and beta diversity were calculated using shannon-weiner index and jaccard's and sorensen's coefficients, respectively. synanth ... | 2014 | 25159535 |
| phlebotomus halepensis (diptera: psychodidae) vectorial capacity in afyon and nigde province, turkey. | leishmaniasis is a one of the vector-borne diseases and has two clinical forms in turkey: cutaneous and visceral. the aim of this study was to determine the sand fly fauna in afyon and nigde provinces where endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in turkey. in afyon, 2,259 sand flies were collected in 73 locations in august 2009 and august 2010, using cdc light traps. in total, eight phlebotomus species were identified; phlebotomus halepensis (47.41%), phlebotomus papatasi (31.42%), phlebot ... | 2017 | 29202202 |
| sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in white nile, sudan. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) has been known to occur since the 1980s on the western bank of the white nile river (central sudan), 150 km south of khartoum, and has resulted in high mortality. the most recent outbreak of the disease in this area began in 2006. entomological surveys were carried out during may 2008, june 2010 and may and july 2011 in the white nile area. sandflies were collected using centers for disease control light traps and sticky oil traps in the village of kadaba and the near ... | 2012 | 22666856 |
| morphometrics and protein profiles of the salivary glands of phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus langeroni sand flies. | sand fly salivary fluid contains numerous proteins that modulate host immune responses to infection and facilitate blood-feeding and establishing leishmania infection. salivary proteins are differentially expressed in adaptation to the host, the meal type and ecological factors. we report on the morphometrics and protein composition of salivary glands of colonised phlebotomus papatasi and p. langeroni sand flies from egypt. female glands were dissected at day 1 (d1, unfed), day 2 (d2, sugar-fed) ... | 2012 | 22341687 |
| entomological survey for sand fly fauna in imamoglu province (cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic region) of adana, turkey. | leishmaniasis, presenting in two clinical forms, cutaneous and visceral in turkey, is widespread in most of the countries in the mediterranean basin. an average of 10 to 13% of cases are reported from adana every year. this paper presents the results of an entomological survey in an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in imamoglu province of adana in turkey.we collected 654 sand fly specimen using 100 light traps in 20 nights in august 2013 and july 2014. several keys and previous drawings ... | 2015 | 26336206 |
| rotation of male genitalia in various species of phlebotomine sandfly. | phlebotomine sandflies, vectors of leishmania (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) parasites that affect millions of people worldwide, breed in terrestrial biotopes. as immature stages are rarely accessible, the detection of their natural breeding sites is primarily based on findings of juvenile males with unrotated external genitalia. in males, permanent 180° rotation on the longitudinal body axis occurs soon after eclosion; however, no study has as yet addressed this aspect in detail. the presen ... | 2015 | 26171684 |
| diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay as a field molecular tool for rapid mass screening of old world leishmania infections in sand flies and in vitro culture. | we employed a highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) by targeting 18s rrna gene to identify the rapid mass screening of leishmania infections in captured sand flies of southwest iran and in vitro culture. | 2018 | 29317875 |
| isolation and sequencing of dashli virus, a novel sicilian-like virus in sandflies from iran; genetic and phylogenetic evidence for the creation of one novel species within the phlebovirus genus in the phenuiviridae family. | phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health. although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in iran in the late 1970's, there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study. entomological investigations performed in 2009 and 2011 in iran collected 4,770 sandflies from 10 different regions. based on morphological identification, they were sorted into 315 pools ac ... | 2017 | 29281639 |
| sequence and structure insights of kazal type thrombin inhibitor protein: studied with phylogeny, homology modeling and dynamic mm/gbsa studies. | despite the wide medical importance of serine protease inhibitors, many of kazal type proteins are still to be explored. these thrombin inhibiting proteins are found in the digestive system of hematophagous organisms mainly arthropods. we studied one of such protein i.e. kazal type-1 protein from sand-fly phlebotomus papatasi as its structure and interaction with thrombin is unclear. initially, dipetalin a kazal-follistasin domain protein was run through psi-blast to retrieve related sequences. ... | 2018 | 29129633 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in northwestern saudi arabia: identification of sand fly fauna and parasites. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of an infected sand fly. this disease is highly prevalent in saudi arabia where leishmania major and l. tropica are the etiological agents. in the region of hail, northwestern of saudi arabia, the incidence is about 183 cases/year. however, the epidemiology of the disease in this area is not well understood. thus, an epidemiological survey was conducted in 2015-2016 to identify the circulating parasite and the sand fl ... | 2017 | 29096693 |
| phlebotomus papatasi yellow-related and apyrase salivary proteins are candidates for vaccination against human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | nowadays, there is no available vaccine for human leishmaniasis. animal experiments demonstrate that pre-exposure to sand fly saliva confers protection against leishmaniasis. our preceding work in humans indicates that phlebotomus (p) papatasi saliva, induce the production of il-10 by cd8+ t lymphocytes. the neutralization of il-10 enhanced the activation of a t cells cd4+ population producing ifn-γ. herein, we used a biochemical and functional genomics approach to identify the sand fly salivary ... | 2017 | 29054598 |
| eustigmaeus johnstoni zhang - gerson (acari: stigmaeidae) a parasitic mite species detected in phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) specimens collected from aydın, turkey. | we aimed to report the presence of the parasitic mite eustigmaeus johnstoni zhang - gerson (e. johnstoni) on the sand fly species phlebotomus papatasi (p. papatasi) collected in aydın province, turkey. | 2017 | 29035241 |
| assessing the ovarian accessory glands to determine the parity of phlebotomus papatasi, vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, under laboratory condition. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is a neglected tropical disease prevailed in many rural areas of 17 out of 31 provinces in iran. the main vector of the disease is phlebotomus papatasi and the causative agent is leishmania major in zcl foci of iran. in the current study we investigated the validity of accessory glands secretions as an indicator to recognize parous from nulliparous ph. papatasi females under laboratory conditions. | 2017 | 29026863 |
| human cellular and humoral immune responses to phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in endemic areas differing in prevalence of leishmania major infection. | sand fly saliva compounds are able to elicit specific immune responses that have a significant role in leishmania parasite establishment and disease outcome. characterizing anti-saliva immune responses in individuals living in well defined leishmaniasis endemic areas would provide valuable insights regarding their effect on parasite transmission and establishment in humans. | 2017 | 29023574 |
| assessing the insecticide susceptibility status of field population of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in a hyperendemic area of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in esfahan province, central iran. | leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (ntd) and emerging parasitic infection that affect mainly poor regions around the world. this study aimed to determine the baseline susceptibility of phlebotomus papatasi to commonly used insecticides in a hyper endemic area using who standard procedure in central iran. a total of 4-5 replicates containing 120-200 sand flies were used for each insecticide. baseline susceptibility to ddt and pyrethroids was assessed on 5326 specimens collected from th ... | 2017 | 28870534 |
| environmental risk modelling and potential sand fly vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in chitral district: a leishmanial focal point of mount tirich mir, pakistan. | to provide baseline information about suspected vectors and the incidence, distribution and an active zone of transmission for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in chitral, pakistan, using gis tools; and to investigate the role of environmental factors in the disease dynamics. | 2017 | 28653450 |
| control of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis vector, phlebotomus papatasi, using attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb). | attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) is a new vector control method that meets integrated vector management (ivm) goals. in an experimental design, this study aimed to determine effects of atsb on control of phlebotomus papatasi, as a main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl), in qom province, center of iran. | 2017 | 28426679 |
| molecular characterization of leishmania parasites isolated from sandflies species of a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in musiyan south west iran. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is vector borne parasitic disease, considered as public health problem especially in border of iran and iraq, dehloran county (musian district). the aim of this study was molecular identification of leishmania parasites in sandfly as vectors of leishmaniasis. totally 280 female sandflies were trapped by sticky traps from 7 rural areas of musiyan in september-november 2012. all sandflies were identified using morphological characters of the head and abdominal terminal ... | 2017 | 28316425 |
| bioassay evaluation of residual activity of attractive toxic sugar-treated barrier fence in the control of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in qom province and many other provinces of iran. attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) treated barrier fence is one of the new methods for controlling the vectors such as sandflies. the present study was designed to evaluate the residual activity of atsb-treated barrier fence that was used in control of p. papatasi. | 2017 | 28035110 |
| predicting the distribution of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae), the primary vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, in golestan province of iran using ecological niche modeling: comparison of maxent and garp models. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is a prevalent vector-borne disease in the golestan province of iran, with phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli, 1786) serving as the main vector. the aim of this study was to model the probability of presence of this species in the study area, and to determine the underlying factors affecting its distribution. three villages were selected from each county of the province and visited monthly for investigating zcl. sticky paper traps were used for collecting the sa ... | 2017 | 28025245 |
| ecoepidemiological characteristics of a hypoendemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in north iran (southeast of caspian sea). | leishmaniasis is an endemic parasitic disease reported sporadically throughout iran. golestan province is one of the 17 zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) foci. in this study, ecoepidemiological characteristics of zcl were investigated in gonbad-e kavus county, golestan province of iran. | 2017 | 27681548 |
| comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for blood feeding of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in the laboratory. | phlebotomus papatasi scopoli is a medically important insect that has been successfully colonized in the laboratory, and blood feeding is critical for colony propagation. there has been much interest in developing established protocols for in vitro blood-feeding systems. the objective of this study was to determine if a parafilm membrane and a hog's gut membrane could be successfully used with in vitro feeding systems. we evaluated percentages of p. papatasi females that blood fed on different b ... | 2016 | 27297215 |
| hyaluronidase activity in the salivary glands of tabanid flies. | tabanids are haematophagous insects that act as biological and mechanical vectors of various diseases, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. the saliva of these insects contains strong anticoagulant and vasodilatory activities as well as immunoregulatory peptides. here we demonstrate pronounced hyaluronidase (hyase) activity in ten tabanid species of the genera chrysops, haematopota, hybomitra and tabanus. compared to other haematophagous insects, the ability of tabanid hyases to hydrolyze ... | 2016 | 27045753 |
| effects of specific antisera targeting peritrophic matrix-associated proteins in the sand fly vector phlebotomus papatasi. | in many hematophagous insects, the peritrophic matrix (pm) is formed soon after a blood meal (pbm) to compartmentalize the food bolus. the pm is an important component of vector competence, functioning as a barrier to the development of many pathogens including parasites of the genus leishmania transmitted by sand flies. pm morphology and permeability are associated with the proteins that are part of the pm scaffolding, including several peritrophins, and chitin fibers. here, we assessed the eff ... | 2016 | 27012717 |
| effect of different blood sources on the feeding time of sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi. | the feeding time for sand fly females was determined experimentally by feeding of thirty females (3-5 days-old) sand fly phlebotomus papatasi on different blood sources (human, pigeon, hamster and blab c mice). mean feeding time was longest on blab c mice, 8.55 minutes, followed by hamster, 7.05 minutes, then pigeon, 4.84minutes, and finally human, 4.69 minutes. significant difference was observed in the feeding time between females fed on hamster and balb c mice but there is no significant diff ... | 2015 | 26939232 |
| pyrethroid insecticide resistance mechanisms in the adult phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus papatasi is one of the most medically important sand fly species in the old world, serving as a vector of leishmania parasites and phleboviruses. chemical control is still considered the most effective method for rapidly reducing populations of flying insects involved in vector-borne disease transmission, but is increasingly threatened by insecticide resistance in the target insect posing significant problems for entomologists responsible for control programs. this study was conducte ... | 2016 | 26810731 |
| entomological studies of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in al rabta, north west of libya. | al rabta in the north-west of libya is a rural area where cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic for long time. few reports are available on sand flies in this area which is an important focus of cl. therefore, this study aimed at updating the species composition, and monthly fluctuation of sand flies in this area. sand flies were biweekly collected by cdc light traps from june to november 2012 and april to november 2013 in two villages, al rabta east (re) and al rabta west (rw). nine species ( ... | 2016 | 26589378 |
| modeling the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis vectors (psychodidae: phlebotominae) in iran: a potential transmission in disease prone areas. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is now the main vector-borne disease in iran. two forms of the disease exist in the country, transmitted by phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus sergenti s.l. modeling distribution of the vector species is beneficial for preparedness and planning to interrupt the transmission cycle. data on sand fly distribution during 1990-2013 were used to predict the niche suitability. maxent algorithm model was used for prediction using bioclimatic and environmental variables (pr ... | 2015 | 26335462 |
| surface polar lipids differ in male and female phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | the polar lipids on the surface of the old world sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. blood-fed females and nonblood-fed females and males were separately analyzed and compared. the major polar lipids were found to be long-chain diols and fatty acids. relatively high levels of diacylglycerols were found in blood-fed females and in males. a wide variety of lipids were found at low levels, including esters, sterols, monoacylglycerols, and hy ... | 2014 | 26309312 |
| baseline susceptibility to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides in two old world sand fly species (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomine sand flies are blood-feeding insects that transmit leishmania parasites that cause various forms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and sand fly fever viruses (phlebovirus; bunyaviridae) in humans. sand flies pose a significant threat to us military personnel deployed to leishmania-endemic and sand fly fever endemic regions which include europe, the mediterranean basin, middle east, central asia, southwest asia, and africa. a research project supported by the department of defe ... | 2015 | 26276940 |
| field evaluation of phostoxin and zinc phosphide for the control of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in a hyperendemic area, central iran. | zcl is a growing threat in many rural areas of iran which involves 17 out of 31 provinces. this study was conducted from april to november 2011 for evaluation of the efficacy of phostoxin and zinc phosphide against rodents. | 2014 | 25540963 |
| response of the sand fly phlebotomuspapatasi to visual, physical and chemical attraction features in the field. | in this study, 27 cdc traps were modified with various attractive features and compared with a cdc trap with no light source or baits to evaluate the effects on attraction to phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) north of the dead sea near jericho. attractive features included co2, lights, colored trap bodies, heat, moisture, chemical lures and different combinations of the same. traps were placed 20m apart and rotated from one trap location to the next after 24h trapping periods. the most significant ... | 2015 | 24976070 |
| molecular variation in leishmania parasites from sandflies species of a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast of iran. | in the well-known zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) focus in turkmen sahara, border of iran and turkmenistan, zcl has increased among humans in the past five years. the present study was undertaken to incriminate vectors of zcl in the region, and to find molecular variation in leishmania parasites. | 2014 | 24717197 |
| baseline insecticide susceptibility data of phlebotomus papatasi in iran. | phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) play main role in the transmission of different forms of leishmaniasis in the world. phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in iran. there are several control measures for vector control using different classes of insecticides. the aim of this study was to breed the sandflies which were collected from a hyperendemic focus of the disease in central iran in the laboratory condition and to determine its baselin ... | 2013 | 23703441 |
| withdrawn: epidemiological role of phlebotomus papatasi and p. sergenti populations in morocco: what we know and what can we learn from the field? | this article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. | 2013 | 23632213 |
| efficacy and duration of three residual insecticides on cotton duck and vinyl tent surfaces for control of the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | this study evaluated the toxicity and duration of 3 residual insecticides against the old world sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi, an important vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, on 2 types of tent material used by the us military in afghanistan and the middle east. vinyl and cotton duck tent surfaces were treated at maximum labeled rates of lambda-cyhalothrin (demand cs, zeneca inc, wilmington, de), bifenthrin (talstar p professional, fmc corporation, philadelphia, pa) and permethrin (insect repel ... | 2013 | 23584911 |
| the potential distribution of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in libya based on ecological niche model. | the increased cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis vectored by phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) in libya have driven considerable effort to develop a predictive model for the potential geographical distribution of this disease. we collected adult p. papatasi from 17 sites in musrata and yefern regions of libya using four different attraction traps. our trap results and literature records describing the distribution of p. papatasi were incorporated into a maxent algorithm prediction model that used 22 ... | 2012 | 22679884 |
| morphological and anatomical variations among phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi sensu lato (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi (scopoli) collected in human dwellings from an agricultural villages chaura, located in gaya district, bihar, india, showed morphological and anatomical variations. male sand flies of this species exhibited variations in the genital structures, while females showed differences in the spermathecae and antenna segment three (a3). when the mitochondrial dna of both male and female p. (p.) papatasi sensu lato population subjected to dna barcoding, both the sexes of ... | 2012 | 22679848 |
| controlling and sampling adult sand flies with a fumigant containing permethrin and deltamethrin. | the efficacy of a new smoke-generating formulation (fumigant, midmos solutions ltd., gb), containing the active ingredients permethrin and deltamethrin, was evaluated against adult sand flies in an apartment (280 m(3)), a semi-open large animal shelter (enclosing an area of 300 m(2)), a closed bedouin animal tent (104 m(3)), and a garden (141 m(2)) enclosed by a stone wall. in each location, four cages with approx. 100 phlebotomus papatasi were exposed to the fumigant 0.5 m and 2.0 m above groun ... | 2012 | 22548562 |
| seasonal abundance, number of annual generations, and effect of an entomopathogenic fungus on phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | the monthly density of the sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera: psychodidae), was monitored during 2009 at burg el-arab, a rural district located close to the mediterranean coast of egypt. the number of annual generations and the efficacy of microbial control by the entomopathogenic fungus, metrahizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok (ma79), were determined in the laboratory under atmospheric conditions, simulating those of the animal shelters in the study area. we used two collecting tec ... | 2012 | 22525055 |
| baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) to ddt and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | phelebotumus papatsi is considered to be the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis as well as sand fly fever in iran. there are several measures for vector control, with emphasis on insecticides. the objective of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of this vector to the commonly used insecticides in an endemic focus of the disease in central iran. p. papatasi collected from the field were used for susceptibility status. its baseline susceptibility to ddt and pyrethr ... | 2012 | 22351603 |
| laboratory evaluation of rubidium as a long-lasting marker for bloodfeeding sand flies (diptera: psychodidae). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the trace element rubidium (rb) as a long-lasting systemic biomarker for bloodfeeding females of the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi scopoli. baits containing rb chloride were found to be palatable to hamsters in this study. we were able to detect rb using a portable x-ray fluorescence analyzer in all sand flies that fed on rb-treated hamsters for at least 14 d postbloodmeal. we also detected rb in sand flies that took a bloodmeal from hamster ... | 2012 | 22308794 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis: therapeutic efficacy of dapsone in the commonly existing sub-types. | in india, contaneous leishmaniasis is confined to the western thar desert. epidemiologically, two different forms are seen, viz the rural and the urban forms. the vectors responsible for the transmission in this region are the phlebotomus papatasi and the sergentomyia clydei. the efficacy of oral dapsone was evaluated in the commonly existing sub-types of cutaneous leishmaniasis. ten patients each of the nodular and ulcerative forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis were selected by strict 'clinical an ... | 2017 | 28128121 |