| improved expression of porcine epidemic diarrhea antigen by fusion with cholera toxin b subunit and chloroplast transformation in nicotiana tabacum. | the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) belongs to the coronavirus family, which causes acute diarrhea in pigs with higher mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. the pedv is one of the major concerns of the pig industry around the world, including asian countries and noth america since first identified in europe. currently, there is no pedv licensed vaccine to effectively prevent this disease. this study was performed for the development of a mucosal pedv vaccine and b subunit of cholera ... | 2019 | 32214566 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates in eastern china. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is one of the most common viral pathogens causing swine diarrhea. | 2018 | 32027615 |
| effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs. | the effects of route of administration on systemic and gut mucosal immune responses induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection in suckling pigs were investigated. twenty-four conventional 5-day-old suckling piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were inoculated orally, intranasally (i.n.), intramuscularly (i.m.) with pedv or dmem (mock). pigs were monitored daily for clinical signs and fecal viral load. blood samples were collected at 7, 14, 21 days post infection (d ... | 2019 | 30593385 |
| the enhanced replication of an s-intact pedv during coinfection with an s1 ntd-del pedv in piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants having a large deletion in the n-terminal domain of the s1 subunit of spike (s) protein were designated as s1 ntd-del pedvs. they replicate well in experimentally infected pigs. however, on farms they often co-infect pigs with the pedv containing an intact s protein (s-intact pedv). we aimed to characterize viral replication and pathogenesis in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs infected simultaneously with the two types of pedv using two recombinant pedvs: ... | 2019 | 30593369 |
| limited shedding of an s-indel strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in semen and questions regarding the infectivity of the detected virus. | pedv is mainly transmitted by the oro-fecal route although pedv shedding in semen has already been shown for an s-non-indel pedv strain infection. the aim of this study was to determine if pedv can be shed in semen from spf (specific pathogens free) boars infected by a french s-indel pedv strain (pedv/fr/001/2014) and in case of positive semen to determine the infectivity of that semen. both infected boars had diarrhea after inoculation and shed virus in feces. pedv genome was also detected by r ... | 2019 | 30593368 |
| detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) igg and iga in muscle tissue exudate ("meat juice") specimens. | the diagnostic performance of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) igg and iga elisas was evaluated using paired serum and meat juice samples collected from pedv-negative (n = 50) and pedv-inoculated pigs (n = 87). serum samples were tested by pedv (igg, iga) elisas using a procedure performed routinely at the iowa state university-veterinary diagnostic laboratory (isu-vdl). serum samples were tested using pedv serum igg and iga elisa procedures as routinely performed at the iowa state univers ... | 2018 | 30574353 |
| gene variations in cis-acting elements between the taiwan and prototype strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus alter viral gene expression. | in 2013, the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) in taiwan caused serious economic losses. in this study, we examined whether the variations of the cis-acting elements between the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) taiwan (tw) strain and the prototype strain cv777 alter gene expression. for this aim, we analyzed the variations of the cis-acting elements in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) between the pedv tw, cv777, and other reference strains. we also determined the previou ... | 2018 | 30501108 |
| lack of ltβr increases susceptibility of ipec-j2 cells to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the essential requirement of the lymphotoxin beta receptor (ltβr) in the development and maintenance of peripheral lymphoid organs is well recognized. evidence shows that ltβr is involved in various cellular processes; however, whether it plays a role in maintaining the cellular function of intestinal porcine enterocytes (ipec-j2), specifically during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, remains unknown. in this study, we generated ltβr null ipec-j2 cells using crispr/cas9 to examin ... | 2018 | 30469426 |
| deletion of both the tyrosine-based endocytosis signal and the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal in the cytoplasmic tail of spike protein attenuates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes high mortality in neonatal piglets. the pedv spike (s) protein contains two intracellular sorting motifs, yxxφ (tyrosine-based motif yevf or yeaf) and kvhvq at the cytoplasmic tail, yet their functions have not been fully elucidated. some vero cell-adapted and/or attenuated pedv variants contain ablations in these two motifs. we hypothesized that these motifs contribute to viral pathogenicity. by transiently expressing pedv s proteins with mutations ... | 2019 | 30404797 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus s1 protein is the critical inducer of apoptosis. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease caused by ped virus (pedv), characterized by vomitting, watery diarrhea and fatal dehydration with high mortality in sucking piglets of one week of age. although pedv induced cell apoptosis has been established in vitro and in vivo, the functional protein that contributes to this event remains unclear. | 2018 | 30404647 |
| the natural compound homoharringtonine presents broad antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. | to complement traditional antivirals, natural compounds that act via host targets and present high barriers to resistance are of increasing interest. in the work reported here, we detected that homoharringtonine (hht) presents effective antiviral activity. hht completely inhibited infections of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 nm in cell cultures, respectively. treatment with hht at d ... | 2018 | 30388805 |
| microrna-221-5p inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting genomic viral rna and activating the nf-κb pathway. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of noncoding rnas involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and many critical roles in numerous biological processes. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, causes substantial economic loss in the swine industry worldwide. previous studies reported mirna involvement in viral infection; however, their role in regulating pedv infection remains unknown. in this study, we investigated the regulato ... | 2018 | 30380612 |
| a newly isolated chinese virulent genotype giib porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain: biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immune protective effects as an inactivated vaccine candidate. | since october 2010, severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) outbreaks caused by highly virulent ped virus (pedv) strains have occurred continuously in the chinese pig population and caused considerable economic losses. although pedv vaccines based on classical pedv strains have been widely used in china in recent years, the morbidity and mortality in piglets remain high. therefore, virulent genotype gii pedv strains that are prevalent in the field should be isolated and used to develop next-gener ... | 2019 | 30342075 |
| the characterization of immunoprotection induced by a cdna clone derived from the attenuated taiwan porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pintung 52 strain. | the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) poses a great threat to the global swine industries and the unreliable protection induced by the currently available vaccines remains a major challenge. we previously generated a genogroup 2b (g2b) pedv taiwan pintung 52 (pedvpt) strain, pedvpt-p96, and determined its promising host immune response against the virulent pedvpt-p5 strain. to study the attenuation determinants of pedvpt-p96 and establish a pedvpt-p96-based recombinant vector as a vaccine p ... | 2018 | 30287770 |
| correction to: oral administration of inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus activate dcs in porcine peyer's patches. | the original article [1] contained an error whereby the leftmost graph in fig. 1a mistakenly had its x-axis labelled as 'cfst'; this has now been corrected to 'cfse'. | 2018 | 30285740 |
| the influence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus on pig small intestine mucosal epithelial cell function. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious, acute enteric tract infectious disease of pigs (sus domesticus) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). ped is characterized by watery diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, vomiting and death. pedv damages pig intestinal epithelial tissue, causing intestinal hyperemia and atrophy of intestinal villi, with formation of intestinal epithelial cell cytoplasmic vacuoles. since pig small intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) are target cells ... | 2019 | 30284628 |
| detection of neutralizing antibody against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in subclinically infected finishing pigs. | the purpose of this study was to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) subclinically infected pigs shipped from non-case farms to slaughterhouses. systematic sampling was conducted at two slaughterhouses. a total of 1,556 blood samples were collected from 80 case and non-case farms from pigs over 6 months old. blood samples were centrifuged to obtain sera. serial serum dilutions were subjected to serological examination for pedv presence using neutralization test (nt). the cut-off titer ... | 2018 | 30282841 |
| oral administration of coated pedv-loaded microspheres elicited pedv-specific immunity in weaned piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infects pigs of all ages by invading villous epithelial cells of the small intestine causing severe diarrhea with high mortality rate in suckling piglets. mucosal immunity is believed to play an important role in pedv control and mucosal delivery of vaccines induces mucosal immunity more efficiently than parenteral vaccination. in this study, coated pedv-loaded microspheres with the size range of 700-900 μm in diameter were developed by centrifugal granulat ... | 2018 | 30243502 |
| an alternative pathway of enteric pedv dissemination from nasal cavity to intestinal mucosa in swine. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. although the fecal-oral route is generally accepted, an increased number of reports indicate that airborne transmission may contribute to pedv outbreak. here, we show that pedv could cause typical diarrhea in piglets through a nasal spray. firstly, pedv can develop a transient nasal epithelium infection. subsequently, pedv-carrying dendritic cells (dcs) allow the virus to be transferred to cd3+ t cells vi ... | 2018 | 30232333 |
| caerin1.1 suppresses the growth of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro via direct binding to the virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has re-emerged in recent years and has already caused huge economic losses to the porcine industry all over the world. therefore, it is urgent for us to find out efficient ways to prevent and control this disease. in this study, the antiviral activity of a cationic amphibian antimicrobial peptide caerin1.1 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was evaluated by an in vitro system using vero cells. we found that even at a very low concentration, caerin1.1 h ... | 2018 | 30231560 |
| the immunological functions of muramyl dipeptide compound adjuvant on humoral, cellular-mediated and mucosal immune responses to pedv inactivated vaccine in mice. | the muramyl dipeptide compound adjuvant, cvc1303, was one new resigned adjuvant to pedv inactivated vaccine. exploring the effects of cvc1303 on the immune induction to pedv vaccine was of vital importance to the clinical application. | 2018 | 30227812 |
| a convenient colorimetric assay for the quantification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and neutralizing antibodies. | neonatal enteritis caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an important cause of high mortality and economic losses to the swine industry. virus neutralization (v/n) assays are commonly requested in diagnostic laboratories for the assessment of protective antibodies. however, the visual assessment of viral cytopathic effects by operators to determine antibody titers or for viral quantification is a tedious, subjective and time-consuming process, especially when high volume testin ... | 2018 | 30218684 |
| the effect of chemical clarification of oral fluids on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus antibody responses. | routine testing of breeding herd oral fluid (of) samples for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) igg and/or iga is used to track levels of pedv immunity over time. however, ofs contain particles of feed, feces, and inorganic material that detract from the quality of the sample. we clarified swine of samples using lyophilized chitosan-based formulas (a-c) tested by pedv igg and iga elisas. to evaluate both the immediate and residual effects of treatment on antibody detection, samples were test ... | 2018 | 30204059 |
| s1 subunit of spike protein from a current highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is an important determinant of virulence in piglets. | base on the sequence of s genes, which encode spike proteins, we previously identified three different types (north american, s indel, and s large-del types) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) that have re-emerged in japan since 2013. based on experimental infections with the north american and s large-del types, we also hypothesized that pedv virulence may be linked to the s1 subunit of the s protein. to test this hypothesis, we have now assayed in gnotobiotic piglets various recombinant ... | 2018 | 30200258 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea: an emerging disease in tibetan pigs in tibet, china. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a devastating cause of diarrhea in pigs worldwide, and has caused enormous economic losses in the pork industry. to date, however, it is still unclear whether tibetan pigs from the tibetan plateau of china are exposed to ped. this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of ped in tibetan pigs in tibet, china. a total of 364 serum samples were collected from tibetan pigs in nyingchi in 2014 and 2015. each sample was assayed for ped antibodies by comme ... | 2019 | 30191422 |
| neutralizing antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus block virus attachment and internalization. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is emerging as a pathogenic coronavirus that causes a huge economic burden to the swine industry. interaction of the viral spike (s) surface glycoprotein with the host cell receptor is recognized as the first step of infection and is the main determinant of virus tropism. the mechanisms by which neutralizing antibodies inhibit pedv have not been defined. isolating pedv neutralizing antibodies are crucial to identifying the receptor-binding domains of the vi ... | 2018 | 30165871 |
| characterisation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates during the 2014-2015 outbreak in the philippines. | the viral agent of the porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) was investigated during the reported 2014-2015 outbreaks in commercial farms in central luzon, philippines. the study covered detection of ped virus (pedv) in fecal and intestinal samples through reverse transcription pcr and sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid (n) gene. results showed that 10 out of 34 fecal and intestinal samples examined were positive for pedv. the partial nucleotide sequence of the n gene of the field samples showed 98 ... | 2018 | 30159369 |
| impact of dietary spray-dried bovine plasma addition on pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | experimental data suggest that the addition of spray-dried plasma (sdp) to pig feed may enhance antibody responses against certain pathogens and negatively impact virus survival. the benefit of sdp on escherichia coli infection is well documented. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of bovine sdp (bovsdp) in the pig diet on acute porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection. a total of 16 3-wk-old conventional crossbred pigs were used and divided into three groups. treatments i ... | 2018 | 32289108 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus papain-like protease 2 can be noncompetitively inhibited by 6-thioguanine. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a coronavirus (cov) discovered in the 1970s that infects the intestinal tract of pigs, resulting in diarrhea and vomiting. it can cause extreme dehydration and death in neonatal piglets. in asia, modified live attenuated vaccines have been used to control pedv infection in recent years. however, a new strain of pedv that belongs to genogroup 2a appeared in the usa in 2013 and then quickly spread to canada and mexico as well as asian and european countrie ... | 2018 | 30138642 |
| characterization of influenza a virus pseudotyped with the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the coronavirus spike protein and the influenza virus hemagglutinin are class i viral membrane fusion proteins. while the two proteins display strong structural conservation and the mechanisms underlying membrane fusion are similar, they share no sequence similarity. whether they are functionally interchangeable is currently unknown. in this study, we constructed sciav-s, a single-cycle influenza a virus pseudotyped with the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and demonstrat ... | 2018 | 30136251 |
| development and application of an indirect elisa for the detection of antibodies to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus based on a recombinant spike protein. | as the major causative agent of swine viral diarrhea, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused massive losses to the economies of swine raising countries. accordingly, the serological detection of corresponding antibodies would be beneficial to diagnose pedv indirectly to control the disease. in this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the recombinant truncated spike (s) protein of pedv was developed and validated. | 2018 | 30126390 |
| determining the impact of commercial feed additives as potential porcine epidemic diarrhea virus mitigation strategies as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis and bioassay. | mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was assessed using two feed additives (0.5% inclusion of a benzoic acid [ba] product and 0.02% inclusion of an essential oil [eo] product; dsm nutritional products inc., parsippany, nj), and combination of both products (0.5% ba and 0.02% eo) in spray-dried porcine plasma (sdpp) and a swine gestation diet (feed) as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) and bioassay. viral rna quantificat ... | 2019 | 32289110 |
| oral administration of inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus activate dcs in porcine peyer's patches. | peyer's patches (pps) can be considered as the immune site of the intestine. within pps, dendritic cells (dcs) can uptake antigens from the gut lumen by extending dendrites into epithelium, and process it and then present to lymphocytes, which effectively antigen produces an immune response. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), an acute and highly contagious enteric viral disease. the interaction between inactivated porcine epidemic di ... | 2018 | 30115049 |
| evolutionary and genotypic analyses of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which re-emerged in china in october 2010, has spread rapidly worldwide. detailed analyses of the complete genomes of different pedv strains are essential to understand the relationships among re-emerging and historic strains worldwide. here, we analysed the complete genomes of 409 strains from different countries, which were classified into five subgroup strains (i.e., gi-a, gi-b, gii-a, gii-b, and gii-c). phylogenetic study of different genes in the pedv ... | 2019 | 30102851 |
| feed batch sequencing to decrease the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) cross-contamination during feed manufacturing. | feed has been identified as a vector of transmission for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the objective of this study was to determine if feed batch sequencing methods could minimize pedv cross-contamination. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-free swine feed was manufactured to represent the negative control. a 50 kg feed batch was mixed in a pilot scale feed mill for 5 min, sampled, then discharged for 10 min into a bucket elevator and sampled again upon exit. next, a pathogenic pedv isola ... | 2018 | 30099515 |
| different intestinal tropism of the g2b taiwan porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-pintung 52 strain in conventional 7-day-old piglets. | the group 2b (g2b) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) that emerged in 2013 has since caused devastating diseases and economic loss. the full-length genome of the g2b taiwan pedv-pintung 52 (pedv-pt) strain and its intestinal tropism by evaluating the pathological changes in the original pedv-pt infected field piglet and orally inoculation of either 10, 103, or 105 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml (tcid50/ml) of the plaque-purified pedv-pt-passage 5 (p5) in 7-day-old conventional piglets ... | 2018 | 30089548 |
| preparation and characterization of an attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain by serial passaging. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is prevalent in most parts of the world. owing to its antigenic variation, prevention of the diseases caused by this virus is difficult. in this study, two pedv isolates with similar growth kinetics were successfully propagated in vero cells. complete genome sequence analysis showed that they have a 49nt deletion in the orf3 gene and were classified into group 1, the same group that includes the classical cv777 strain. recombination analysis revealed that t ... | 2018 | 30062639 |
| the accessory protein orf3 contributes to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by direct binding to the spike protein. | the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an important swine pathogen responsible for severe watery diarrhea, particularly in neonatal piglets. despite extensive studies performed to elucidate the function of several viral proteins, the contribution of an accessory protein orf3 in pedv replication is still largely unknown. here, we constructed expression plasmids as well as recombinant pedv carrying myc-tagged orf3 to assess their expression and subcellular localization in both transfected a ... | 2018 | 30060558 |
| a simple and compact smartphone-based device for the quantitative readout of colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay strips. | colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay strips (aunps-lfis) have been widely applied as qualitative diagnostic tools for point-of-care tests (poct). if strip readers were incorporated, their use could be extended to quantitative analysis. however, their cost and non-portability render commercial strip readers unavailable for use in either home testing, community or rural hospital diagnosis. this is particularly true for on-site testing. here, a smartphone-based reader was designed and 3d-printed ... | 2018 | 32288251 |
| evaluation of the effects of flushing feed manufacturing equipment with chemically treated rice hulls on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cross-contamination during feed manufacturing. | various strategies have been proposed to mitigate potential risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) transmission via feed and feed ingredients. wet disinfection has been found to be the most effective decontamination of feed mill surfaces; however, this is not practical on a commercial feed production scale. another potential mitigation strategy would be using chemically treated rice hulls flushed through the feed manufacturing equipment. therefore, the objective of this study was to dete ... | 2018 | 30052979 |
| time-calibrated phylogenomics of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: genome-wide insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), has led to tremendous economic losses in the global swine industry. although the phylogeny of pedv has been investigated extensively at the molecular level, there was no time-calibrated phylogenomic study on the virus. to improve insight into this topic, we analyzed 138 published genome sequences using the bayesian coalescent analyses as well as bayesian inferences and maximum likelihood methods. all ... | 2018 | 30047110 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics and preliminary pharmacodynamics evaluation of piscidin 1 against prv and pedv in rats. | antimicrobial peptide (piscidin-1) is an effective natural polypeptide, which has great influence and potential on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and pseudorabies virus (prv). as an alternative antibiotic substitute, piscidin-1 was subjected for pharmacokinetics study with three administration routes (i.v, i.m, and p.o) after a single dose of 2 mg/kg in rats and preliminary pharmacodynamics including antiviral activity in cell against pedv and prv. based on 50 percent tissue culture infe ... | 2018 | 29988520 |
| n-terminal domain of the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus as a new candidate molecule for a mucosal vaccine. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a contagious coronavirus infecting pigs that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. given that pedv infection occurs in gut epithelial cells mainly via the fecal-oral route, induction of pedv-specific immune responses in the mucosal compartment is required for protective immunity against viral infection. however, an effective mucosal vaccine against the currently prevalent pedv strain is not available. in this study, we demonstrated ... | 2018 | 29984039 |
| isolation and characterization of chinese porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with novel mutations and deletions in the s gene. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (pedv) has raised growing concerns in the pig-breeding industry because it has caused significant economic losses. to better understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of pedv field isolates, in this study, the complete spike (s) and orf3 genes of 17 pedv variants in zhejiang, china during 2014 to 2017, were characterized and analyzed. phylogenetic analysis based on the s gene and orf3 gene of these 17 novel pedv strains and pedv reference strains indic ... | 2018 | 29981713 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine evaluation using a newly isolated strain from korea. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infects pigs and causes an enteric disease that is characterized by vomiting and watery diarrhea. pedv outbreaks have a tremendous financial impact on the worldwide pork industry. in south korea, the incidence of pedv has continued despite nationwide use of attenuated and inactivated vaccines, raising questions regarding the current vaccines' efficacy and the need for new vaccine development. in the present study, we isolated a new korean pedv epidemic stra ... | 2018 | 29981703 |
| nucleocapsid protein from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates can antagonize interferon-λ production by blocking the nuclear factor-κb nuclear translocation. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diseases in pigs and result in enormous economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. previous studies revealed that pedv exhibits an obvious capacity for modulating interferon (ifn) signaling or expression. the newly discovered type iii ifn, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, has strong antiviral activity against pedv proliferation in ipec-j2 cells. in this study, we aimed to investiga ... | 2018 | 29971995 |
| efficacy of heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit-adjuvanted parenteral porcine epidemic diarrhea virus trimeric spike subunit vaccine in piglets. | devastating outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) started in china in late 2010 and rapidly spread to north america and asia causing severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets, indicating that a new generation of vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is urgently needed. in the present study, to mimic the native spike (s) glycoprotein, a stable cell line producing the trimeric ectodomain of s glycoprotein of the pedv pintung-52 (pedv-pt) strain was successfully ... | 2018 | 29961099 |
| nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus. | enteric diseases in swine are often caused by different pathogens and thus metagenomics are a useful tool for diagnostics. the capacities of nanopore sequencing for viral diagnostics were investigated here. first, cell culture-grown porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and rotavirus a were pooled and sequenced on a minion. reads were already detected at 7 seconds after start of sequencing, resulting in high sequencing depths (19.2 to 103.5x) after 3 h. next, diarrheic feces of a one-week-old piglet w ... | 2018 | 29959349 |
| display of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein on baculovirus to improve immunogenicity and protective efficacy. | a new variant of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging swine disease, killing considerable numbers of neonatal piglets in north america and asia in recent years. to generate immunogens mimicking the complex spike (s) protein folding with proper posttranslational modification to mount a robust immune response against the highly virulent pedv, two baculoviruses displaying the full-length s protein (s-bac) and the s1 protein (s1-bac) of the virulent taiwan genotype 2b (g2b) pedv ... | 2018 | 29954081 |
| construction and characterization of thymidine auxotrophic (δthya) recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing bovine lactoferricin. | lactobacillus casei (l. casei) is well known for its probiotic property in human and animals. lactoferricin (lfcin) polypeptide can effectively modulate host immune responses and have antimicrobial activity in vivo and in vitro. in order to develop a food-grade l. casei system constitutively expressing bovine lfcin, this study constructed a thymidine auxotrophy (δthya) recombinant l. casei. | 2018 | 29945678 |
| epitope selection and their placement for increased virus neutralization in a novel vaccination strategy for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus utilizing the hepatitis b virus core antigen. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a member of the alphacoronaviridae genus within the coronaviridae family. it is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, a disease that can have mortality rates as high as 100% in suckling piglets. pedv causes severe economic loss, and has been in existence for decades. a panzootic starting in 2010 renewed interest in the development of a universal vaccine toward pedv. this report details several design changes made to a hepatitis b virus core a ... | 2018 | 29914846 |
| spillover of swine coronaviruses, united states. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, a pathogen first detected in us domestic swine in 2013, has rapidly spilled over into feral swine populations. a better understanding of the factors associated with pathogen emergence is needed to better manage, and ultimately prevent, future spillover events from domestic to nondomestic animals. | 2018 | 29912697 |
| immunohistochemical detection of the vomiting-inducing monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin and enterochromaffin cells in the intestines of conventional or gnotobiotic (gn) pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and serum cytokine responses of gn pigs to acute pedv infection. | serotonin is a critical monoamine neurotransmitter molecule stored and released from enterochromaffin (ec) cells into the gut submucosa, transmitting the vomiting signal to the brain. we studied one mechanism by which vomiting is induced in pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) by characterization of swine ec cells by immunohistochemistry. conventional or gnotobiotic (gn) 9-day-old pigs [pedv-inoculated (n = 12); mock (n = 14)] were inoculated orally (8.9-9.2 log10 genomic eq ... | 2018 | 29909130 |
| development of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in fecal samples. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in new-born piglets with subsequent economic losses to swine industry. in the current study, gene encoding of 381aa-792aa spike protein (s1) with the main epitope relative to virus neutralization of pedv was amplified by rt-pcr and inserted into vector pet-30a(+). the plasmid was transferred into escherichia coli bl21 (de3). meanwhile, recombinant protein expression was induced by isopropy1-β-galactopyranoside (iptg). a ... | 2018 | 29894809 |
| insights into recombination-like events leading to outbreaks in usa through a retrospective study of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates from china. | in april 2013, severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) outbreaks first appeared in usa, causing significant financial losses. to detect the geographic origin and timing of usa porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) isolates, we conducted a retrospective study to isolate 19 pedv strains from positive samples obtained prior to april 2013. the results of phylogenetic and recombination analyses showed that gds10 strain shared a common ancestor with co13 strain, which was obtained from a piglet with s ... | 2018 | 29879479 |
| probiotic supplementation improves reproductive performance of unvaccinated farmed sows infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | we investigated if probiotic supplementation could improve the health and reproductive performance of unvaccinated lactating sows infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) virus. twenty unvaccinated pregnant sows were equally allocated to probiotic-supplemented (p) and control (c) groups. for the experiment, 15 g/day of probiotic compound bio-three pz was given to p sows. reproductive performance was checked daily. the number of neonates fostered by each sow was maintained at eight throughou ... | 2018 | 29806133 |
| characterization of the interaction between recombinant porcine aminopeptidase n and spike glycoprotein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has caused huge economic losses to the global pork industry. infection by its causative agent ped virus (pedv), an alpha-coronavirus, was previously proven to be mediated by its spike (s) glycoprotein and a cellular receptor porcine aminopeptidase n (papn). interestingly, some recent studies have indicated that papn is not a functional receptor for pedv. to date, there is a lack of a direct evidence for the interaction between papn and pedv s protein in vitro. her ... | 2018 | 29802920 |
| metagenomic analysis of the rna fraction of the fecal virome indicates high diversity in pigs infected by porcine endemic diarrhea virus in the united states. | emergence and re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in north america, asia and europe has caused severe economic loss to the global swine industry. however, the virome of pedv infected pigs and its effect on disease severity remains unknown. the advancements of sequencing technology have made it possible to characterize the entire microbiome of different body sites for any host. | 2018 | 29801460 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus through p53-dependent pathway causes cell cycle arrest in the g0/g1 phase. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), an enteropathogenic alphacoronavirus, has caused enormous economic losses in the swine industry. p53 protein exists in a wide variety of animal cells, which is involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell differentiation and other biological functions. in this study, we investigated the effects of pedv infection on the cell cycle of vero cells and p53 activation. the results demonstrated that pedv infection induces cell cycle arrest at g0/g1 phase in ... | 2018 | 29800601 |
| new variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with large deletions in the spike protein, identified in the united states, 2016-2017. | four types of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants with a large deletion in the spike protein were detected, together with the original us pedv, from pig fecal and oral fluid samples collected during 2016-2017 in the us. two of the variants are similar to those identified in japan: one contains a 194-aa deletion, the same as pedv variant ttr-2/jpn/2014, while the other contains a 204-aa deletion, the same as pedv variant jka-292/cs1de204. two new s1 ntd-del pedv variants were found: o ... | 2018 | 29789941 |
| porcine rotavirus c in pigs with gastroenteritis on thai swine farms, 2011-2016. | swine are economically important food animals, but highly contagious porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and rotavirus can afflict pig herds and contribute significantly to piglet morbidity and mortality. while there have been studies on rotavirus group a (rva) in thailand, reports of rotavirus group c (rvc) are limited. here, we aimed to identify the prevalence of rvc circulating on thai commercial swine farms. we analyzed 769 feces and intestine mucosal contents of pigs affected with diarrh ... | 2018 | 29761045 |
| passive immunity to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus following immunization of pregnant gilts with a recombinant orf virus vector expressing the spike protein. | passive immunity is critical for protection of neonatal piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). here, we investigated the immunogenicity of an orf virus (orfv) vector expressing the full-length spike (s) protein of pedv (orfv-pedv-s) in pregnant gilts and its ability to confer passive immunity and protection in piglets. three doses of orfv-pedv-s were given to two groups of pedv-negative pregnant gilts, with the last dose being administered two weeks prior to farrowing. one of th ... | 2018 | 29725899 |
| the s gene is necessary but not sufficient for the virulence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus novel variant strain bj2011c. | the recently emerged highly virulent variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have caused colossal economic losses to the worldwide swine industry. in this study, we investigated the viral virulence determinants by constructing a series of chimeric mutants between the highly virulent strain bj2011c and the avirulent strain chm2013. when tested in the 2-day-old piglet model, wild-type (wt) bj2011c caused severe diarrhea and death of the piglets within 72 h. in contrast, its chimeric der ... | 2018 | 29695430 |
| role of animal movement and indirect contact among farms in transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | epidemiological models of the spread of pathogens in livestock populations primarily focus on direct contact between farms based on animal movement data, and in some cases, local spatial spread based on proximity between premises. the roles of other types of indirect contact among farms is rarely accounted for. in addition, data on animal movements is seldom available in the united states. however, the spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in u.s. swine represents one of the best docu ... | 2018 | 29673815 |
| development of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for detection of antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | an immunochromatographic test strip was developed for the detection of antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in porcine serum. in this test, the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of pedv was expressed in soluble form and purified by using ni-nta resin and gel filtration chromatography. the purified recombinant n protein conjugated with colloidal gold was dispensed on a conjugate pad as the detector. staphylococcal protein a and rabbit anti-n protein igg were blotted on a nitro ... | 2018 | 29624018 |
| inactivation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using heated water. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a very contagious swine pathogen that spreads easily via the fecal-oral route, notably from contaminated fomites. the present study investigated heated water as a method for rapid thermal inactivation of pedv. cell-culture adapted pedv was treated with water at varying temperatures and viral titers were measured at multiple time points post-treatment. viable pedv was not recovered after a ten second or longer treatment with water heated to ≥76 °c; howeve ... | 2016 | 32289093 |
| [identification and characterzation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) isolates]. | to explore the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(pedv)epidemiology in domestic pigs, virus isolation and identification were carried out in pig herds in shanghai and jiangsu province. based on sequences of pedv strains in genbank, a pair of primers targeting the m gene were designed for pedv detection. two clinical pig diarrhea samples were amplified and sequencing results confirmed that the fragments amplified were m gene. pedv-positive samples were inoculated in vero cells with different concent ... | 2016 | 30001583 |
| [microrna expression profiles of porcine kidney 15 cell line infected with porcine epidemic diahorrea virus]. | to explore the effect of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(pedv)on microrna expression profiles of porcine kidney 15cell(pk-15),total rna was isolated from pk-15 cells with or without pedv infection. then, we obtained the mirnas by using solexa sequencing technology and analyzed these differentially expressed mirnas. heatmap cluster analysis and go (ontology, go) (gene function, mf, molecular) analysis was performed on the significant differences in expression of the mirna, and 10 significant diff ... | 2016 | 29995369 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) infection, diagnosis and vaccination: a mini review. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a main etiology causing severe enteric disease in piglets with clinical signs of anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration resulting in loss of condition and death within a few days. historically, ped is one of major causes of loss in swine and remains prevalent in some parts of the world. even with increase in the available tests for ped diagnosis, which include histological diagnosis; virological diagnosis and serological diagnosis, there is no vacc ... | 2016 | 32226596 |
| immunogenicity of an s1d epitope from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and cholera toxin b subunit fusion protein transiently expressed in infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) belongs to the coronaviridae family and causes acute enteritis in pigs. a fragment of the large spike glycoprotein, termed the s1d epitope (aa 636-789), alone and fused with cholera toxin b subunit, were independently cloned into plant expression vectors, yielding plasmids pmyv717 and pmyv719, respectively. plant expression vectors were transformed into agrobacterium tumefaciens and subsequently infiltrated into nicotiana benthamiana leaves. the highest exp ... | 2016 | 32214565 |
| three new coumarins from saposhnikovia divaricata and their porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) inhibitory activity. | swine based agro-industries throughout the world are in big threat of new pedv infection due to lack of efficient prophylactic defenses as well as dependable curing agents. bioactivity-guided fractionation of a methanol soluble extract from radix of saposhnikovia divaricata led to the isolation of three new (1-3) together with 10 known coumarins (4-13). the structures of new isolates (1-3) were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and their absolute configurations were assigned based ... | 2015 | 32287428 |
| expression of the protective antigen for pedv in transgenic duckweed, lemna minor. | duckweeds are small, floating aquatic plants with a number of useful characteristics, including edibility, fast-growing, and a clonal proliferation. duckweed is also fed to animals as a diet complement because of its high nutritional value. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a major causative agent of fatal diarrhea in piglets and is a serious problem in the hog-raising industry. in this study, we assessed the feasibility of producing a protective antigen for the pedv spike protein 1 usin ... | 2011 | 32226733 |
| production of a heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-neutralizing epitope fusion protein in transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa). | plant-based vaccines have been produced in transgenic plants including tobacco, potatoes, corn, and rice. however, these plants are not suitable for administration without cooking. to overcome this obstacle, a fusion gene encoding the synthetic enterotoxigenic escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit genetically fused with a synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (sltb-scoe) was introduced into lettuce cells (lactuca sativa) by agrobacterium-mediated transfor ... | 2009 | 32218676 |
| surface displayed expression of a neutralizing epitope of spike protein from a korean strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the neutralizing epitope (k-coe) of the spike protein from a korean strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been shown to prevent and foster an immune response to ped, when orally adjusted. the cell surface of the budding yeast,saccharomyces cerevisiae, was engineered to anchor the k-coe on the outer layer of the cell, and consequently, the altered yeast was applied as a dietary complement for animal feed, with immunogenic functions. in this study, the k-coe gene (k-coe) of the kore ... | 2007 | 32218674 |
| gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus and alphacoronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus exploit a cell-survival strategy via upregulation of cfos to promote viral replication. | coronaviruses have evolved a variety of strategies to optimize cellular microenvironment for efficient replication. in this study, we report the induction of ap-1 transcription factors by coronavirus infection based on genome-wide analyses of differentially expressed genes in cells infected with avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). most members of the ap-1 transcription factors were subsequently found to be upregulated during the course of ibv and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ... | 2020 | 33239458 |
| a potential system for the isolation and propagation of porcine deltacoronavirus using embryonated chicken eggs. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that leads to acute diarrhea/vomiting, dehydration, and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. as widely known, attempts to culture porcine enteropathogenic coronaviruses, such as pdcov and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, in cells have been proven to be difficult. this study aimed to establish an efficient and cost-effective culture system for pdcov using embryonated chicken eggs (eces) to enable future vaccine ... | 2021 | 33460683 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces vero cell apoptosis via the p53-puma signaling pathway. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the causative agent of swine epidemic diarrhea. in order to study the pathogenic mechanism of pedv, pedv was inoculated into vero cells cultured in vitro, and the total rna of vero cells was extracted to construct a library for illumina high-throughput sequencing and screening of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05). five differentially expressed genes for qrt-pcr verification analysis were randomly selected, and the verification results were consis ... | 2021 | 34202551 |
| identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of sars-cov-2 and related viruses. | despite the discovery of animal coronaviruses related to sars-cov-2, the evolutionary origins of this virus are elusive. we describe a meta-transcriptomic study of 411 bat samples collected from a small geographical region in yunnan province, china, between may 2019 and november 2020. we identified 24 full-length coronavirus genomes, including four novel sars-cov-2-related and three sars-cov-related viruses. rhinolophus pusillus virus rpyn06 was the closest relative of sars-cov-2 in most of the ... | 2021 | 34147139 |