| characterization and 1.57 å resolution structure of the key fire blight phosphatase amsi from erwinia amylovora. | amsi is a low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates the production of amylovoran in the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora, a specific pathogen of rosaceous plants such as apple, pear and quince. amylovoran is an exopolysaccharide that is necessary for successful infection. in order to shed light on amsi, its structure was solved at 1.57 å resolution at the same ph as its highest measured activity (ph 5.5). in the active site, a water molecule, bridging between the ... | 2016 | 27917839 |
| transcriptional response of erwinia amylovora to copper shock: in vivo role of the copa gene. | fire blight is a devastating plant disease caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora, and its control is frequently based on the use of copper-based compounds whose mechanisms of action are not well known. consequently, in this article, we investigate the response of e. amylovora to copper shock by a whole-genome microarray approach. transcriptional analyses showed that, in the presence of copper, 23 genes were increased in expression; these genes were classified mainly into the transport and st ... | 2016 | 27862834 |
| the in planta proteome of wild type strains of the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative plant pathogen that causes fire blight. this disease affects most members of the rosaceae family including apple and pear. here, an infection model is introduced to study proteomic changes in a highly virulent e. amylovora strain upon interaction with its host as compared to a lower virulent strain. for this purpose separate shoots of apple rootstocks were wound-infected and when infection became systemic, bacterial cells were isolated and processed for analy ... | 2016 | 26924300 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pr genes in some pome fruit species with the emphasis on transcriptional analysis and ros response under erwinia amylovora inoculation in apple. | attempts were made to identify eight pathogenesis related (pr) genes (i.e., pr-1a, pr3-ch1, pr3-ch2, pr3-ch3, pr3-ch4, pr3-ch5, pr-5 and pr-8) from 27 genotypes of apple, quince and pear, which are induced in response to inoculation with the pathogen erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. totally, 32 pr genes of different families were obtained, excepting pr3-ch2 (amplified only in apple) and pr3-ch4 (amplified only in apple and pear), the others were successfully amplified in all t ... | 2016 | 26589211 |
| characterization of streptomycin resistance in isolates of erwinia amylovora in california. | in surveys from 2006 to 2014, streptomycin resistance in erwinia amylovora from pear-growing areas in california declined from very high incidence in 2006 and 2007 to very low incidence in 2013 and 2014. the majority of resistant strains were designated as moderately resistant-low (mr-l), and were almost exclusively found in sacramento county, whereas highly resistant (hr) strains were only recovered in sutter-yuba and san joaquin counties. resistance of hr strains was associated with a mutation ... | 2015 | 26413887 |
| integration host factor is required for rpon-dependent hrpl gene expression and controls motility by positively regulating rsmb srna in erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora requires an hrp-type iii secretion system (t3ss) to cause disease. it has been reported that hrpl, the master regulator of t3ss, is transcriptionally regulated by sigma factor 54 (rpon), yhbh, and hrps. in this study, the role of integration host factor (ihf) in regulating hrpl and t3ss gene expression was investigated. ihf is a nucleoid-associated protein that regulates gene expression by influencing nucleoid structure and dna bending. our results showed that both ihfa and ihf ... | 2016 | 26368515 |
| a comparative proteome analysis reveals flagellin, chemotaxis regulated proteins and amylovoran to be involved in virulence differences between erwinia amylovora strains. | erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the destructive disease fire blight affecting most members of the rosaceae family, of which apple and pear are economically the most important hosts. e. amylovora has been considered as a homogeneous species in whole, although significant differences in virulence patterns have been observed. however, the underlying causes of the differences in virulence remain to be discovered. in a first-time comparative proteomic approach using e. amyl ... | 2015 | 25849252 |
| role of electron transport chain of chloroplasts in oxidative burst of interaction between erwinia amylovora and host cells. | erwinia amylovora is a necrogenic bacterium, causing the fire blight disease on many rosaceous plants. triggering oxidative burst by e. amylovora is a key response by which host plants try to restrain pathogen spread. electron transport chain (etc) of chloroplasts is known as an inducible source of reactive oxygen species generation in various stresses. this research was performed to assess the role of this etc in e. amylovora-host interaction using several inhibitors of this chain in susceptibl ... | 2015 | 25820489 |
| erwinia amylovora pyrc mutant causes fire blight despite pyrimidine auxotrophy. | erwinia amylovora bacteria cause fire blight disease, which affects apple and pear production worldwide. the erw. amylovora pyrc gene encodes a predicted dihydroorotase enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. here, we discovered that the erw. amylovora pyrc244::tn5 mutant was a uracil auxotroph. unexpectedly, the erw. amylovora pyrc244::tn5 mutant grew as well as the wild-type in detached immature apple and pear fruits. fire blight symptoms caused by the pyrc244::tn5 mutant in immature apple ... | 2015 | 25789570 |
| exploring new roles for the rpos gene in the survival and virulence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight in economically important plants of the family rosaceae. this bacterial pathogen spends part of its life cycle coping with starvation and other fluctuating environmental conditions. in many gram-negative bacteria, starvation and other stress responses are regulated by the sigma factor rpos. we obtained an e. amylovora rpos mutant to explore the role of this gene in starvation responses and its potential implication in other processes not yet studied in this p ... | 2014 | 25331301 |
| improvement of a dry formulation of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e for fire blight disease biocontrol by combination of culture osmoadaptation with a freeze-drying lyoprotectant. | to study the effect of lyoprotectants and osmoadaptation on viability of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e during freeze-drying and storage and to evaluate the formulation in terms of efficacy in biocontrol and fitness on pear flowers. | 2014 | 24947806 |
| [electron microscopy and restriction analysis of bacteriophages isolated from quince and pear with symptoms of fire blight]. | phage populations of isolates from quince and pear affected with fire blight disease were studied using electron microscopy, restriction analysis and both agarose gel electrophoresis of particles and host range scoping method. the isolate from quince (pma1) comprises at least three phage populations and two phage variants that can be detected on different bacterial indicators. after titration of this isolate on erwinia amylovora the bacteriophage key of b1 morphotype with the genome size of 82.4 ... | 2014 | 24479316 |
| control of plant defense mechanisms and fire blight pathogenesis through the regulation of 6-thioguanine biosynthesis in erwinia amylovora. | fire blight is a devastating disease of rosaceae plants, such as apple and pear trees. it is characterized by necrosis of plant tissue, caused by the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia amylovora. the plant pathogen produces the well-known antimetabolite 6-thioguanine (6tg), which plays a key role in fire blight pathogenesis. here we report that ycfr, a member of the lttr family, is a major regulator of 6tg biosynthesis in e. amylovora. inactivation of the regulator gene (ycfr) led to dramatically ... | 2014 | 24449489 |
| biomolecular characterization of the levansucrase of erwinia amylovora, a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides. | erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen that affects rosaceae, such as apple and pear. in e. amylovora the fructans, produced by the action of a levansucrase (ealsc), play a role in virulence and biofilm formation. fructans are bioactive compounds, displaying health-promoting properties in their own right. their use as food and feed supplements is increasing. in this study, we investigated the biomolecular properties of ealsc using hpaec-pad, maldi-tof ms, and spectrophotometric assays. the enzyme ... | 2013 | 24274651 |
| growth inhibition of erwinia amylovora and related erwinia species by neutralized short‑chain fatty acids. | short-chain fatty acids (scfas) are used to preserve food and could be a tool for control of fire blight caused by erwinia amylovora on apple, pear and related rosaceous plants. neutralized acids were added to buffered growth media at 0.5–75 mm and tested at phs ranging from 6.8 to 5.5. particularly at low ph, scfas with a chain length exceeding that of acetic acid such as propionic acid were effective growth inhibitors of e. amylovora possibly due to uptake of free acid and its intracellular ac ... | 2013 | 24077735 |
| alternative sigma factor rpon and its modulation protein yhbh are indispensable for erwinia amylovora virulence. | in erwinia amylovora, ecf (extracytoplasmic functions) alternative sigma factor hrpl regulates the transcription of hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity)-type iii secretion system (t3ss) genes by binding to a consensus sequence known as the hrp box in hrp gene promoters. in turn, the expression of hrpl has been proposed to be positively controlled by alternative sigma factor 54 (σ(54)) (rpon) and hrps, a member of the σ(54) enhancer-binding proteins (ebps). however, the function of rpo ... | 2014 | 23937726 |
| deep sequencing revealed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism and plasmid content of erwinia amylovora strains isolated in middle atlas, morocco. | erwinia amylovora causes economic losses that affect pear and apple production in morocco. here, we report comparative genomics of four moroccan e. amylovora strains with the european strain cfbp1430 and north-american strain atcc49946. analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) revealed genetic homogeneity of moroccan's strains and their proximity to the european strain cfbp1430. moreover, the collected sequences allowed the assembly of a 65 kpb plasmid, which is highly similar to the p ... | 2013 | 23770248 |
| [polyvalence of bacteriophages isolated from fruit trees, affected by bacterial fire blight]. | phage populations appearing as a result of a pathogenic process caused by erwinia amylovora have been discovered and described. they accompany bacterial fire blight development in the process of quince, pear and apple trees vegetation in zakarpattya region of ukraine. phage isolates of the affected pear and quince include polyvalent virulent phages able to develop on bacterial strains associated with plants--e. amylovora. e. "horticola" and pantoea agglomerans. e. amylovora isolated from the pla ... | 2013 | 23720968 |
| erwinia amylovora affects the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway in mature leaves of pyrus communis cv. conférence. | flavonoids, which are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway, not only contribute to fruit colour and photoprotection, they also may provide antimicrobial and structural components during interaction with micro-organisms. a possible response of this pathway was assessed in both mature and immature leaves of shoots of 2-year-old pear trees cv. conférence, which were inoculated with the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora strain sgb 225/12, were mock-inoculated or were left unt ... | 2013 | 23582642 |
| molecular analyses of erwinia amylovora strains isolated in russia, poland, slovenia and austria describing further spread of fire blight in europe. | fire blight, a bacteriosis of apple and pear, was assayed with molecular tools to associate its origin in russia, slovenia and south-eastern austria with neighboring countries. the identification of all investigated strains was confirmed by maldi-tof mass spectroscopy except one. independent isolation was verified by the level of amylovoran synthesis and by the number of short sequence dna repeats in plasmid pea29. dna of gently lysed e. amylovora strains from russia, slovenia, austria, hungary, ... | 2013 | 23570971 |
| mutational analysis of a predicted double β-propeller domain of the dspa/e effector of erwinia amylovora. | the bacterium erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an invasive disease that threatens apple trees, pear trees and other plants of the rosaceae family. erwinia amylovora pathogenicity relies on a type iii secretion system and on a single effector dspa/e. this effector belongs to the widespread avre family of effectors whose biological function is unknown. in this manuscript, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of dspa/e- and avre-related effectors. motif search identified nuclear localization ... | 2013 | 23421848 |
| erwinia amylovora loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for rapid pathogen detection and on-site diagnosis of fire blight. | several molecular methods have been developed for the detection of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pear and apple, but none are truly applicable for on-site use in the field. we developed a fast, reliable and field applicable detection method using a novel target on the e. amylovora chromosome that we identified by applying a comparative genomic pipeline. the target coding sequences (cdss) are both uniquely specific for and all-inclusive of e. amylovora genotypes. this avoi ... | 2013 | 23275135 |
| preliminary results on the ability of pentatomidae to transfer fire blight erwinia amylovora under controlled conditions. | with their piercing-sucking mouthparts stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae), a major pest in especially organic orchards, create wounds in fruit of pear trees. as erwinia amylovora (burrill, winslow et al.), a wide spread bacterial disease affecting many rosaceous plants including pome fruit trees and hawthorn, enters through openings in flowers, leaves, shoots and fruit, feeding punctures caused by these bugs might be inoculated with erwinia bacteria. in order to investigate the ability of th ... | 2013 | 25145257 |
| t3ss-dependent differential modulations of the jasmonic acid pathway in susceptible and resistant genotypes of malus spp. challenged with erwinia amylovora. | fire blight is a bacterial disease of maloideae caused by erwinia amylovora (ea). this necrogenic enterobacterium uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to inject type iii effectors into the plant cells to cause disease on its susceptible hosts, including economically important crops like apple and pear. the expressions of marker genes of the salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) defense regulation pathways were monitored by rt-qpcr in leaves of two apple genotypes, one susceptible and one ... | 2012 | 22525238 |
| controlled release of pantoea agglomerans e325 for biocontrol of fire blight disease of apple. | microencapsulation and controlled release of the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans strain e325 (e325), an antagonist to the bacterial plant pathogen erwinia amylovora that causes fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear, have been investigated. uniform core-shell alginate microcapsules (amcs), 60-300 μm in diameter, were fabricated to encapsulate e325 within the core, along with nutrients, to preserve viability and promote proliferation. controlled release of e325 was achieved by ... | 2012 | 22516094 |
| formation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins in the transition zones of fire blight-infected stems of malus domestica cv. 'holsteiner cox' and pyrus communis cv. 'conference'. | in the rosaceous subtribe pyrinae (formerly subfamily maloideae), pathogen attack leads to formation of biphenyls and dibenzofurans. accumulation of these phytoalexins was studied in greenhouse-grown grafted shoots of malus domestica cv. 'holsteiner cox' and pyrus communis cv. 'conference' after inoculation with the fire blight bacterium, erwinia amylovora. no phytoalexins were found in leaves. however, both classes of defence compounds were detected in the transition zone of stems. the flanking ... | 2012 | 22377689 |
| variations in the molecular masses of the capsular exopolysaccharides amylovoran, pyrifolan and stewartan. | erwinia amylovora, causing fire blight of apple, pear and some ornamentals, erwinia pyrifoliae, causing asian pear blight, and pantoea stewartii, causing stewart's wilt of sweet maize, synthesize capsular extracellular polysaccharides (epss) with a high molecular mass. the epss are virulence factors and form viscous aggregates, which participate in clogging vessels of infected plants and causing wilting. the sizes of epss produced under different environmental growth conditions were determined b ... | 2012 | 22266385 |
| the use of luciferase as a reporter for response of plant cells to the fireblight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | we have introduced the gene encoding luciferase from photinus pyralis into pear and tobacco cells in order to judge the reaction of plant tissue to damaging conditions such as incubation at high temperature or inoculation with a pathogen. the constitutive expression of the luciferase gene via a strong promoter slowly decreased during propagation of the transformed pear cell line. after various stress treatments the resulting luciferase activity and the atp content of the plant cells were determi ... | 1995 | 24185519 |
| evidence for quantitative responses during co-culture of pyrus communis protoplasts and erwinia amylovora. | mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from axenic shoot cultures of pear cultivars, exhibiting different degrees of susceptibility to fire blight infection at the whole plant level and they were co-cultured with the wild-type strain cfbp 1430 of erwinia amylovora, and with an avirulent transposon mutant of the former (pmv 6046). results, as assessed in terms of the effects of bacteria on protoplast viability, the time to the onset of divisions, the percentage of the originally cultivated protoplas ... | 1990 | 24226825 |
| characterisation of the stbd/e toxin-antitoxin system of pep36, a plasmid of the plant pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae. | pep36 is a plasmid ubiquitously present in erwinia pyrifoliae, a pathogen which causes black stem blight of asian pear. pep36 is highly stable in its host, even in the absence of selective pressure. the plasmid is closely related to pea29, which is widespread in e. amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight of apple and pear trees. here we report that pep36 possesses a functional hybrid toxin-antitoxin module, stbd/e(pep36), with the toxin showing homology to the rele/pare proteins and the an ... | 2013 | 23632277 |
| phylogenetic position and virulence apparatus of the pear flower necrosis pathogen erwinia piriflorinigrans cfbp 5888t as assessed by comparative genomics. | erwinia piriflorinigrans is a necrotrophic pathogen of pear reported from spain that destroys flowers but does not progress further into the host. we sequenced the complete genome of the type strain cfbp 5888(t) clarifying its phylogenetic position within the genus erwinia, and indicating a position between its closest relative, the epiphyte erwinia tasmaniensis and other plant pathogenic erwinia spp. (i.e., the fire blight pathogen e. amylovora and the asian pear pathogen e. pyrifoliae). common ... | 2013 | 23726521 |
| effect of ultrasound on survival and growth of escherichia coli in cactus pear juice during storage. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound as a conservation method for the inactivation of escherichia coli inoculated into cactus pear juices (green and purple). total soluble solids, ph, titratable acidity, and the kinetics of e. coli in cactus pear juices treated by ultrasound (60%, 70%, 80% and 90% amplitude levels for 1, 3 and 5min) were evaluated over 5 days. total inactivation was observed in both fruit juices after 5min of ultrasound treatment at most ampli ... | 2016 | 26991288 |
| molecular cloning and heterologous expression analysis of jrvte1 gene from walnut (juglans regia). | tocopherol cyclase (vte1) plays a key role in promoting the production of γ-tocopherol and improving total tocopherol content in photosynthetic organisms. walnut is an important source of tocopherols in the human diet, and γ-tocopherol is the major tocopherol compound in walnut kernels. in this study, a full-length cdna of the vte1 gene was isolated from walnut using rt-pcr and race, and designated as jrvte1. the full-length cdna of the jrvte1 gene contained a 1353-bp open-reading frame encoding ... | 2017 | 26612974 |
| immunoproteomic tools are used to identify masked allergens: ole e 12, an allergenic isoflavone reductase from olive (olea europaea) pollen. | proteins performing important biochemical activities in the olive tree (olea europaea) pollen have been identified as allergens. one novel 37-kda protein seems to be associated to the ige-binding profile of a group of patients suffering allergy to peach and olive pollen. three previously described olive pollen allergens exhibit very similar molecular mass. our objective was to identify this allergen by using immunoproteomic approaches. after 2d-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, peptide sequ ... | 2015 | 26391288 |
| enhanced tolerance and accumulation of heavy metal ions by engineered escherichia coli expressing pyrus calleryana phytochelatin synthase. | contamination by heavy metals is a major environmental problem worldwide and microbial bioremediation is an efficient method for removing this type of pollution. the plant enzymephytochelatin synthase (pcs, also known as glutathione g-glutamylcysteinyltransferase, ec2.3.2.15) involved in the synthesis of phytochelatins (pcs), which are metal-binding cysteine-rich peptides, has a major role in the detoxification of heavy metals in plants. expression of the pcpcs1 gene from the bean pear (pyrus ca ... | 2015 | 25727053 |
| hurdle technology applied to prickly pear beverages for inhibiting saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli. | the effect of ph reduction (from 6·30-6·45 to 4·22-4·46) and the addition of antimicrobial compounds (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) on the inhibition of saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli in prickly pear beverages formulated with the pulp and peel of villanueva (v, opuntia albicarpa) and rojo vigor (rv, opuntia ficus-indica) varieties during 14 days of storage at 25°c, was evaluated. rv variety presented the highest microbial inhibition. by combining ph reduction and preserva ... | 2015 | 25702901 |
| cloning and expression analysis of ppsut2 encoding a sucrose transporter in pear. | a 1794-bp cdna fragment was amplified from mrna isolated from pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai. cuiguan) leaves by using primers based on the sequences generated during the analysis of the pear transcriptome. the 597-amino acid sequence encoded by the cdna was compared with the sequences in genbank, and it was found to be similar to that of members of the sucrose-proton co-transporter family. the hydrophobic protein, which was predicted to have 11 transmembrane domains, was designated as ppsut2. real ... | 2014 | 25366784 |
| antimicrobial potential of sicilian honeys against commensal escherichia coli and pathogenic salmonella serovar infantis. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of 71 locally produced honeys from different botanical sources collected from apiarist's open markets in sicily. | 2013 | 24779285 |
| glucitol dehydrogenase from peach (prunus persica) fruits is regulated by thioredoxin h. | glucitol (gol) is a major photosynthetic product in plants from the rosaceae family. herein we report the molecular cloning, heterologous expression and characterization of gol dehydrogenase (goldhase, ec 1.1.1.14) from peach (prunus persica) fruits. the recombinant enzyme showed kinetic parameters similar to those reported for orthologous enzymes purified from apple and pear fruits. the activity of recombinant goldhase was strongly inhibited by cu(2+) and hg(2+), suggesting that it might have c ... | 2014 | 24747954 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activity of opuntia ficus-indica f. inermis (cactus pear) flowers. | opuntia ficus-indica f. inermis (cactus pear) flowers have wide application in folk medicine. however, there are few reports focusing on their biological activity and were no reports on their chemical composition. the nutrient composition and hexane extracts of opuntia flowers at 4 flowering stages and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated. the chemical composition showed considerable amounts of fiber, protein, and minerals. potassium (k) was the predominant mineral fol ... | 2014 | 24650181 |
| solution structure of subunit γ (γ(1-204)) of the mycobacterium tuberculosis f-atp synthase and the unique loop of γ(165-178), representing a novel tb drug target. | tuberculosis, caused by the strain mycobacterium tuberculosis, is in focus of interest due to the emergence of multi- and extensive drug-resistant tb strains. the f(1)f(o) atp synthase is one of the essential enzymes in energy requirement of both proliferating aerobic and hypoxic dormant stage of mycobacterium life cycle, and therefore a potential tb drug target. subunit γ of f-atp synthases plays an important role in coupling and catalysis via conformational transitions of its n- and c-termini ... | 2013 | 23104121 |
| bacteriological quality of foods and water sold by vendors and in restaurants in nsukka, enugu state, nigeria: a comparative study of three microbiological methods. | bacterial count in prepared food or water is a key factor in assessing the quality and safety of food. it also reveals the level of hygiene adopted by food handlers in the course of preparation of such foods. this comparative study evaluated the bacteriological quality of food and water consumed in nsukka, enugu state, nigeria, using three bacteria enumeration methods. data obtained are assumed to reflect the level of personal and environmental hygiene in the study population. ten types of foods ... | 2011 | 22283029 |
| proteomic and ultrastructural analysis of the effect of a new nitazoxanide-n-methyl-1h-benzimidazole hybrid against giardia intestinalis. | in an effort to develop alternative drugs for the treatment of giardiasis our research group has synthesized and evaluated a novel nitazoxanide and n-methyl-1h-benzimidazole hybrid molecule, named cmc-20. it showed an ic50 of 0.010 μm on giardia intestinalis, lower than the ic50 values of 0.015, 0.037 and 1.224 μm for nitazoxanide, albendazole and metronidazole, respectively. in addition, we report studies carried out on its mechanism of action and effect at the ultrastructural level on g. intes ... | 2016 | 27033928 |
| increased flavour diversity of chardonnay wines by spontaneous fermentation and co-fermentation with hanseniaspora vineae. | discovery, characterisation and use of novel yeast strains for winemaking is increasingly regarded as a way for improving quality and to provide variation, including subtle characteristic differences in fine wines. the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of a native apiculate strain, selected from grapes, hanseniaspora vineae (h. vineae) 02/5a. fermentations were done in triplicate, working with 225 l oak barrels, using a chardonnay grape must. three yeast fermentation strategies were ... | 2013 | 23870989 |
| syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) with simultaneous intestinal giardia sp., spironucleus sp., and trichomonad infections. | a commercial facility producing hamsters with a history of infection by dwarf tapeworm (hymenolepis nana) submitted 15 animals for necropsy and postmortem parasitological and microscopic examination. no tapeworms were detected grossly or microscopically. fecal examination including gastrointestinal mucosal smears demonstrated mixed intestinal bacteria and low numbers of giardia sp. histologic examination of small intestine demonstrated filling of the small intestinal crypts by large numbers of 7 ... | 2013 | 24081933 |
| susceptibility of ceratitis capitata wiedemann (diptera: tephritidae) to entomopathogenic fungi. | the mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) is one of the most serious pest of fruits in syria and present all year round. this fly is active on different host plants, such as mango, peach, fig, apple, pear, and citrus. the number of generations per year varies with local temperatures and host plant. the objective of this research was: to evaluate the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on adults of c. capitata under laboratory conditions. flies for experiments were obtained f ... | 2008 | 19226799 |
| protein enrichment of an opuntia ficus-indica cladode hydrolysate by cultivation of candida utilis and kluyveromyces marxianus. | the cladodes of opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear cactus) have a low protein content; for use as a balanced feed, supplementation with other protein sources is therefore desirable. we investigated protein enrichment by cultivation of the yeasts candida utilis and kluyveromyces marxianus in an enzymatic hydrolysate of the cladode biomass. | 2015 | 25371280 |
| opuntia ficus-indica cladodes as feedstock for ethanol production by kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the feasibility of ethanol production using an enzymatic hydrolysate of pretreated cladodes of opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear cactus) as carbohydrate feedstock was investigated, including a comprehensive chemical analysis of the cladode biomass and the effects of limited aeration on the fermentation profiles and sugar utilization. the low xylose and negligible mannose content of the cladode biomass used in this study suggested that the hemicellulose structure of the o. ficus-indica cladode w ... | 2014 | 25248867 |
| steam explosion treatment for ethanol production from branches pruned from pear trees by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. | this study investigated the production of ethanol from unutilized branches pruned from pear trees by steam explosion pretreatment. steam pressures of 25, 35, and 45 atm were applied for 5 min, followed by enzymatic saccharification of the extracted residues with cellulase (cellic ctec2). high glucose recoveries, of 93.3, 99.7, and 87.1%, of the total sugar derived from the cellulose were obtained from water- and methanol-extracted residues after steam explosion at 25, 35, and 45 tm, respectively ... | 2014 | 25036499 |
| evaluation of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm encapsulated using a novel impinging aerosol method in fruit food products. | this study investigated the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and their acidification in orange juice at 25°c for nine days and at 4°c over thirty five days of storage. alginate micro beads (10-40 μm) containing the probiotics were produced by a novel dual aerosol method of alginate and cacl(2) cross linking solution. unencapsulated l. rhamnosus gg was found to have excellent survivability in orange juice at both tempera ... | 2012 | 22633536 |
| lactic acid fermentation of cactus cladodes (opuntia ficus-indica l.) generates flavonoid derivatives with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. | cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica l.) is widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions throughout the world. in the last decades, the interest towards vegetative crop increased, and cladodes are exploited for nutraceutical and health-promoting properties. this study aimed at investigating the capacity of selected lactic acid bacteria to increase the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cactus cladodes pulp, with the perspective of producing a functional ingredient, dietary supp ... | 2016 | 27023062 |
| characterization of glucansucrase and dextran from weissella sp. tn610 with potential as safe food additives. | pear-derived weissella sp. tn610 produced extracellular glycosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of soluble exopolysaccharide from sucrose. acid and dextranase-catalyzed hydrolysis revealed that the synthesized polymer was a glucan. according to (1)h and (13)c nmr analysis, the glucan produced by tn610 was a linear dextran made of 96% α-(1→6) and 4% α-(1→3) linkages. zymogram analysis confirmed the presence of a unique glucansucrase of approximately 180 kda in the cell-free sup ... | 2013 | 23046923 |
| exploitation of leuconostoc mesenteroides strains to improve shelf life, rheological, sensory and functional features of prickly pear (opuntia ficus-indica l.) fruit puree. | strains of leuconostoc mesenteroides were identified from raw prickly pear (opuntia ficus-indica l.). five autochthonous strains were selected based on the kinetics of growth and acidification on prickly pear fruit juice, and the capacity to synthesize exo-polysaccharides. all selected leuc. mesenteroides strains showed an in vitro mucilage-degrading capability. a protocol for processing and storage of fermented prickly pear fruit puree (fp) was set up. unstarted fp and chemically acidified fp w ... | 2016 | 27375258 |
| preservation of pears in water in the presence of sinapis arvensis seeds: a greek tradition. | in this research, the microbiological and physicochemical changes during preservation of pears in water in the presence of sinapis arvensis seeds (pws fl) according to the traditional greek home food manufacture were studied. pears preserved in water served as control (pw fl). the growth of lactic acid bacteria (lab) coming from the pear surface was enhanced in the presence of sinapis seeds, while enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative bacteria declined coincidently with the lower (p<0.05) ph of t ... | 2012 | 23107505 |
| exposure to minimally processed pear and melon during shelf life could modify the pathogenic potential of listeria monocytogenes. | survival and virulence of foodborne pathogens can be influenced by environmental factors such as the intrinsic properties of food as well as the extrinsic properties that contribute to food shelf life (e.g., temperature and gas atmosphere). the direct contribution of food matrix characteristics on the survival of l. monocytogenes during fresh-cut fruit shelf life is not very well understood. in addition, the gastrointestinal tract is the primary route of listeriosis infection and penetration of ... | 2017 | 27889159 |
| the impact of a cold chain break on the survival of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed 'conference' pears during their shelf life. | in recent years, improved detection methods and increased fresh-cut processing of produce have led to an increased number of outbreaks associated with fresh fruits and vegetables. during fruit and vegetable processing, natural protective barriers are removed and tissues are cut, causing nutrient rich exudates and providing attachment sites for microbes. consequently, fresh-cut produce is more susceptible to microbial proliferation than whole produce. | 2016 | 27813092 |
| viable bacterial population and persistence of foodborne pathogens on the pear carpoplane. | knowledge on the culturable bacteria and foodborne pathogen presence on pears is important for understanding the impact of postharvest practices on food safety assurance. pear fruit bacteria were investigated from the point of harvest, following chlorine drenching and after controlled atmosphere (ca) storage to assess the impact on natural bacterial populations and potential foodborne pathogens. | 2017 | 27300139 |
| ultraviolet-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on organic fruit surfaces. | this study investigated uv-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of organic apples, pears, strawberries, red raspberries and cantaloupes. fruit surfaces spot inoculated with cocktail strains of e. coli o157:h7 and l. monocytogenes were exposed to uv-c doses up to 11.9 kj/m(2) at 23 °c. fruit surface roughness, contact angle, and surface energy were determined and correlated with uv-c inactivation kinetics. results demonstrate that bacterial pa ... | 2015 | 26122954 |
| effect of ripeness stage during processing on listeria monocytogenes growth on fresh-cut 'conference' pears. | there are several factors that affect the shelf life of fresh-cut fruit, including the cultivar, the ripeness stage of the fruit during processing and the fruit's storage atmosphere and temperature. the effect of fruit ripeness during processing on the survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut 'conference' pear slices at different temperatures (5, 10 and 20 °c) was studied. the four ripeness stages studied in this work (assessed by a fruit's firmness) were mature-green (54-60 n) ... | 2015 | 25846921 |
| effectiveness of a bacteriophage in reducing listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut fruits and fruit juices. | listeria monocytogenes is a serious foodborne pathogen and new strategies to control it in food are needed. among them, bacteriophages hold attributes that appear to be attractive. the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the bacteriophage listex p100 to control l. monocytogenes growth on melon, pear and apple products (juices and slices) stored at 10 °c. l. monocytogenes grew well in untreated fruit slices. in juices, the pathogen grew in untreated melon, survived in untre ... | 2014 | 24290636 |
| meloidogyne lusitanica n. sp. (nematoda: meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing olive tree (olea europaea l.). | a root-knot nematode from portugal, meloidogyne lusitanica n. sp., is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from olive trees (olea europaea l.). females of the new species have a characteristic perineal pattern with medium to high trapezoidal dorsal arch with distinct punctuations in the tail terminus area. the excretory pore is located posterior to the stylet, about 1.5-2.5 stylet lengths from the anterior end. the stylet is 17.1 mum long with pear-shaped knobs. males have a rounded ... | 1991 | 19283115 |
| a strategy to design efficient fermentation processes for traditional beverages production: prickly pear wine. | this paper describes a methodology to establish an optimal process design for prickly pear wine production that preserves the peculiar and unique traits of traditional products, generating at the same time, technical information for appropriate design of both bioreactor and overall process. the strategy includes alcoholic fermentation optimization by the mixed native culture composed by pichia fermentans and saccharomyces cerevisiae, followed by malolactic fermentation optimization by oenococcus ... | 2013 | 24032574 |
| effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on microbiological shelf-life and quality of fruits pretreated with ascorbic acid or sncl2. | in the current study, the processing conditions required for the inactivation of paenibacillus polymyxa and relevant spoilage microorganisms by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment on apricot, peach, and pear pieces in sucrose (22°brix) solution were assessed. accordingly, the shelf-life was determined by evaluating both the microbiological quality and the sensory characteristics (taste, odor, color, and texture) during refrigerated storage after hhp treatment. the microbiological shelf-lif ... | 2014 | 25295275 |
| immigrant pantoea agglomerans embedded within indigenous microbial aggregates: a novel spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria. | immigrant bacteria located on leaf surfaces are important to the health of plants as well as to people who consume fresh fruits and vegetables. however, the spatial distribution and organization of these immigrant bacteria on leaf surfaces are still poorly understood. to examine the spatial organization of these strains, two bacterial strains on tobacco leaves: (1) an indigenous strain, pseudomonas stutzeri nov. y2011 labeled with green fluorescent protein, and (2) an immigrant strain pantoea ag ... | 2014 | 25076531 |
| effect of pyrimethanil on cryptococcus laurentii, rhodosporidium paludigenum, and rhodotorula glutinis biocontrol of penicillium expansum infection in pear fruit. | the effect of biocontrol yeasts and pyrimethanil at low concentration on inhibition of blue mold rot caused by penicillium expansum in pear fruit was investigated. pyrimethanil at low concentration (40μg/ml) alone had little inhibitory activity against the p. expansum infection in pear fruit wounds although it was effective in inhibiting the survival of p. expansum on asp-agar medium. pyrimethanil at this low concentration significantly enhanced the efficacy of cryptococcus laurentii at 1×10(7)c ... | 2013 | 23673061 |
| molecular features of new peach latent mosaic viroid variants suggest that recombination may have contributed to the evolution of this infectious rna. | nucleotide sequences of a broad range of peach latent mosaic viroid (plmvd) variants were determined. the variants were isolated from peach, pear, and almond tree samples collected in tunisia. sequence analysis confirmed the high variability of plmvd, as no less than 119 new variants were identified. variations included new polymorphic positions, insertions of 11 to 14 nucleotides, and new mutations within the hammerhead self-cleavage motifs. we provide the first covariation-based evidence for c ... | 2007 | 17113618 |
| pcppi: a comprehensive database for the prediction of penicillium-crop protein-protein interactions. | penicillium expansum , the causal agent of blue mold, is one of the most prevalent post-harvest pathogens, infecting a wide range of crops after harvest. in response, crops have evolved various defense systems to protect themselves against this and other pathogens. penicillium -crop interaction is a multifaceted process and mediated by pathogen- and host-derived proteins. identification and characterization of the inter-species protein-protein interactions (ppis) are fundamental to elucidating t ... | 2017 | 28365721 |
| comparison of the effects of three types of aminobutyric acids on the control of penicillium expansum infection in pear fruit. | aminobutyric acids were reported to have inhibitory effects on postharvest fungal diseases. the effects of α-aminobutyric acid (aaba), β-aminobutyric acid (baba) and γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on the control of penicillium expansum infection in pear fruit were compared in the present study. | 2017 | 27392194 |
| the ability of a cold-adapted rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain from tibet to control blue mold in pear fruit. | cold-adapted yeasts were isolated from soil samples collected in tibet and evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against blue mold (penicillium expansum) of pear fruit in cold storage. yc1, an isolate identified as rhodotorula mucilaginosa, was found to exhibit the greatest biocontrol activity among the different isolates that were screened. a washed cell suspension of yc1 exhibited the best biocontrol activity among three different preparations that were used in the current study. a concentr ... | 2015 | 26454432 |
| antifungal effect of gamma irradiation and sodium dichloroisocyanurate against penicillium expansum on pears. | gamma irradiation (gi) was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against penicillium expansum on pear fruits. gi showed a complete inhibition of spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial of p. expansum, especially 1·8 kgy. gi affected the membrane integrity and cellular leakage of conidia in a dose-dependent manner. furthermore, the leakage of protein and sugar from mycelia increased along with the dose. gi was evaluated at lower doses in combination with a chlori ... | 2015 | 26174206 |
| evaluation of yeasts from tibetan fermented products as agents for biocontrol of blue mold of nashi pear fruits. | a total of 20 strains of yeast isolated from tibetan fermented products were screened for antagonism against blue mold of pear caused by penicillium expansum. six isolates that inhibited incidence of postharvest decay by 35% or more were selected for further screening. among them, the most effective was rhodotorula mucilaginosa. the results showed that washed cell suspensions of r. mucilaginosa yielded better antagonistic efficacy than unwashed cell-culture mixtures, cell-free culture filtrates, ... | 2015 | 25845361 |
| effect of the yeast rhodosporidium paludigenum on postharvest decay and patulin accumulation in apples and pears. | the effect of a strain of marine yeast rhodosporidium paludigenum on postharvest blue mold and patulin accumulation in apples and pears stored at 23°c was evaluated. the occurrence and severity of apple and pear decay caused by penicillium expansum were significantly inhibited by r. paludigenum. however, the application of the yeast at a high concentration (10(8) cells per ml) enhanced patulin accumulation after 7 days of storage; the amount of patulin increased 24.2 times and 12.6 times compare ... | 2015 | 25581191 |
| γ-aminobutyric acid induces resistance against penicillium expansum by priming of defence responses in pear fruit. | the results from this study showed that treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba), at 100-1000 μg/ml, induced strong resistance against blue mould rot caused by penicillium expansum in pear fruit. moreover, the activities of five defence-related enzymes (including chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalnine ammonialyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and the expression of these corresponding genes were markedly and/or promptly enhanced in the treatment with gaba and inoculation with p. expansu ... | 2014 | 24767023 |
| native pears of sardinia affect penicillium expansum pathogenesis. | penicillium expansum causes blue mould rot, a serious post-harvest disease of pome fruits and is the main producer of the mycotoxin patulin. the occurrence of natural resistance against different hostpathogens, has been evidenced in some pear accessions of the sardinian germoplasm. the aim of this research was to correlate p. expansum growth and patulin production on these indigenous pear accessions. in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out with seven accessions ('sarmentina', 'vacchesa ... | 2013 | 25151833 |
| occurrence of patulin and its dietary intake through pear, peach, and apricot juices in italy. | pear, peach, apricot, and mixed juices (125 samples) were purchased in italian supermarkets and organic food shops and analysed for patulin content. an overall incidence of 34.4% was observed in the fruit juices, with a mean contamination level of 3.6 µg kg(-1). no one sample exceeded 50 µg kg(-1), the maximum permitted limit according to european legislation. however, 19 positive samples contained more than 10 µg kg(-1) of patulin, which is the maximum level permitted for baby food. the inciden ... | 2008 | 24784810 |
| nucleotide sequence of seed- and pollen-transmitted double-stranded rna, which encodes a putative rna-dependent rna polymerase, detected from japanese pear. | the nucleotide sequence of the largest double-stranded (ds) rna (named dsrna1) of three species of seed- and pollen-transmitted dsrna species detected from japanese pear was analyzed, and one strand was found to contain a single long open reading frame (orf) of 1434 nucleotides that encoded a putative polypeptide containing 477 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 54.9 kda. this polypeptide contained amino acid sequence motifs conserved in putative rna-dependent rna polymerases of rna vi ... | 1998 | 9972231 |
| rhizopus soft rot on pear (pyrus serotina) caused by rhizopus stolonifer in korea. | rhizopus soft rot caused by rhizopus stolonifer occurred on pears (pyrus serotina) in the jinju city agricultural products wholesale market in korea from 2004 to 2005. the infection usually started from wounds due to cracking at harvest time. the lesions started as water-soaked, rapidly softened, then gradually expanded. the mycelia grew vigorously on the surface of the fruits and formed stolons. colonies on potato dextrose agar at 25℃ were white cottony to brownish black. sporangia were globose ... | 2006 | 24039490 |
| transcriptome analysis of bagging-treated red chinese sand pear peels reveals light-responsive pathway functions in anthocyanin accumulation. | bagging is an efficient method to improve fruit colour development. this work reported a transcriptome analysis using bagging-treated red chinese sand pear peels. in total, 8,870 differentially expressed genes were further analysed by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and early-, middle- and late light-responsive genes were identified. an annotation analysis revealed several pathways involved in the different responsive stages. the presence of long hypocotly 5, cry-dash and a consta ... | 2017 | 28246400 |
| extracts from two ubiquitous mediterranean plants ameliorate cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. | a signature feature of age-related neurodegenerative proteinopathies is the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, typically amyloid-β (aβ) in alzheimer's disease (ad) and α-synuclein (α-syn) in parkinson's disease (pd), into soluble oligomeric structures that are highly neurotoxic. cellular and animal models that faithfully replicate the hallmark features of these disorders are being increasing exploited to identify disease-modifying compounds. natural compounds have been identified as a usefu ... | 2017 | 27919712 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of a uv-b photoreceptor gene, mduvr8 (uv resistance locus 8), from apple. | uvr8 (uv resistance locus 8) is an ultraviolet-b (uv-b; 280-315nm) light receptor that is involved in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. uv-b irradiation can increase the development of flower and fruit coloration in many fruit trees, such as grape, pear and apple. previous investigations of the structure and functions of uvr8 in plants have largely focused on arabidopsis. here, we isolated the uvr8 gene from apple (malus domestica) and analyzed its function in transgenic a ... | 2016 | 27095405 |
| gene characterization and transcription analysis of two new ammonium transporters in pear rootstock (pyrus betulaefolia). | ammonium is the primarily nitrogen source for plant growth, but the molecular basis of ammonium acquisition in fruit species remains poorly understood. in this study, we report on the characterization of two new ammonium transporters (amt) in the perennial tree pyrus betulaefolia. in silico analyses and yeast complementation assays revealed that both pbamt1;3 and pbamt1;5 can be classified in the amt1 sub-family. the specific expression of pbamt1;3 in roots and of pbamt1;5 in leaves indicates th ... | 2016 | 26943161 |
| two myb transcription factors regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in pear fruit (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.). | flavonoid compounds play important roles in the modern diet, and pear fruits are an excellent dietary source of these metabolites. however, information on the regulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis in pear fruits is rare. in this work, 18 putative flavonoid-related myb transcription factors (tfs) were screened by phylogenetic analysis and four of them were correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis patterns in pear fruits. among these myb-like genes, the specific functions of two novel myb tfs ... | 2016 | 26687179 |
| dormancy-associated mads-box genes and micrornas jointly control dormancy transition in pear (pyrus pyrifolia white pear group) flower bud. | bud dormancy in perennial plants is indispensable to survival over winter and to regrowth and development in the following year. however, the molecular pathways of endo-dormancy induction, maintenance, and release are still unclear, especially in fruit crops. to identify genes with roles in regulating endo-dormancy, 30 mikc(c)-type mads-box genes were identified in the pear genome and characterized. the 30 genes were analysed to determine their phylogenetic relationships with homologous genes, g ... | 2016 | 26466664 |
| the red sport of 'zaosu' pear and its red-striped pigmentation pattern are associated with demethylation of the pymyb10 promoter. | 'zaosu' pear, a hybrid of pyrus pyrifolia and pyrus communis, is a popular cultivar developed in china. 'zaosu red' is a bud sport of 'zaosu' with red shoots, young leaves, and fruit. after grafting of 'zaosu red', reverse mutations in some branches lead to a loss of colour in leaves and stems. also, the mature fruit of 'zaosu red' exhibits two phenotypes; fully red and striped. the aim of this study was to establish the mechanism of the red colour mutation in 'zaosu' and the striped pigmentatio ... | 2014 | 25168359 |
| effect of different film packaging on microbial growth in minimally processed cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica). | microorganisms are natural contaminants of fresh produce and minimally processed products, and contamination arises from a number of sources, including the environment, postharvest handling and processing. fresh-cut products are particularly susceptible to microbial contaminations because of the changes occurring in the tissues during processing. in package gas composition of modified atmosphere packaging (map) in combination with low storage temperatures besides reducing physiological activity ... | 2013 | 25145227 |
| [isolation and characterization of thermopirellula anaerolimosa gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacterium of the phylum planctomycetes]. | to cultivate various yet-to-be cultured heterotrophs from anaerobic granule sludge, we used a selective culture medium with low concentrations of substrates supplemented a variety of antibiotics. | 2012 | 23173436 |
| hypolipidaemic foods in china. | with the changes in dietary pattern in china, in recent years, hyperlipidaemia has become an important problem in the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative diseases, especially the cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases. from studies on laboratory animals and people with hyperlipidaemia, a number of hypolipidaemic foods and beverages have been identified, of relevance to traditional chinese food culture. their absence from the diet may, in part account for the increasing prevalence of hyperlipidaemia i ... | 1996 | 24394619 |
| a comparison of yeast communities found in necrotic tissue of cladodes and fruits ofopuntia stricta on islands in the caribbean sea and where introduced into australia. | yeast communities growing in the decaying tissues (cladodes and fruits) ofopuntia stricta (prickly pear cactus) and associated yeast vectors (drosophila species) were compared in two geographic regions (caribbean and eastern australia). the australian yeast community provides an interesting comparison to the caribbean community, because the host planto. stricta was introduced to australia over 100 years ago. many of the yeasts found in the australian system also were introduced during a period o ... | 1987 | 24202645 |
| analysis of the community structure of yeasts associated with the decaying stems of cactus. iii.stenocereus thurberi. | yeast communities in necroses of organpipe cactus (stenocereus thurberi) were surveyed at 3 localities in arizona. quantitative analysis of random samples allows comparisons of the types and numbers of yeasts at 3 levels: within plants, between plants within a locality, and between localities. the analysis shows that the major source of variability is between plants. this pattern is identical with the pattern shown by agria cactus (stenocereus gummosus) and is thought to be due to sampling diffe ... | 1985 | 24221304 |
| the ecology of the yeast flora in necroticopuntia cacti and of associateddrosophila in australia. | a survey was made of the yeast communities isolated from necrotic tissue of 4 species of prickly-pear cacti (opuntia stricta, o. tomentosa, o. monacantha, ando. streptacantha) which have colonized in australia. yeast communities were sampled from a number of localities and at different times. cactus specific yeasts accounted for 80% of the total isolates, and the 3 most common species contributed 63% of the total. comparisons of the species compositions of the yeast communities indicated that th ... | 1984 | 24221180 |
| analysis of the community structure of yeasts associated with the decaying stems of cactus. ii.opuntia species. | a survey was made of yeast species associated with the decaying pads of 3 prickly pear cacti (opuntia phaeacantha, o. ficus-indica, ando. lindheimeri) in arizona and texas. yeast communities from 12 localities were compared among localities, amongopuntia species, and with previous data on yeast communities associated with columnar cacti. the results indicate thatopuntia necroses contain relatively more yeast species with broader physiological abilities in their communities than columnar necroses ... | 1983 | 24221704 |
| genome assembly of schlumbergera virus x infecting prickly pear (opuntia cochenillifera) in brazil. | potexviruses frequently infect plants from the family cactaceae. we report the complete genome sequence of a new schlumbergera virus x (schvx) isolate. the genome has 6,615 nucleotides and shares 94% nucleotide identity with schvx-k11 from schlumbergera. this is the first sequence of an isolate of schvx from the genus opuntia. | 2015 | 25792054 |
| iron-modulated pseudocyst formation in tritrichomonas foetus. | iron is an essential element for the survival of trichomonads during host-parasite interaction. the availability of this metal modulates several metabolic pathways of the parasites and regulates the expression of virulence factors such as adhesins and proteolytic enzymes. in this study, we investigated the effect of iron depletion on the morphology and life cycle of tritrichomonas foetus. scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that depletion of iron from the culture medi ... | 2016 | 27253439 |
| changes in the structural organization of the cytoskeleton of tritrichomonas foetus during trophozoite-pseudocyst transformation. | tritrichomonas foetus is a parasite that causes bovine trichomonosis, a major sexually transmitted disease in cattle. it grows in axenic media as a trophozoite with a pear-shaped body, three anterior flagella, and one recurrent flagellum. however, under some well-controlled experimental conditions in vitro, as well as in vivo in infected bulls, the parasite acquires a spherical or elliptical shape, and the flagella are internalized but the cells do not display a cyst wall. this form, known as th ... | 2015 | 25880467 |
| tritrichomonas foetus: characterisation of ecto-phosphatase activities in the endoflagelar form and their possible participation on the parasite's transformation and cytotoxicity. | the protist parasite tritrichomonas foetus displays a pear-shaped (ps) and a pseudocystic or endoflagellar form (eff). here, we characterised the ecto-phosphatase activity on the surface of eff and compare its biochemical properties to that of the ps regarding rate of substrate hydrolysis, ph activation profile and sensitivity to well-known phosphatases inhibitors. two strains exhibiting low- and high-cytotoxicity were used. the enzyme activities of ps and eff exhibited similar characteristics o ... | 2014 | 24793018 |
| cytotoxic effects exerted by tritrichomonas foetus pseudocysts. | the protozoan parasite tritrichomonas foetus displays a pear-shaped form and a pseudocyst stage. however, little is known about the biology of the pseudocyst. the aim of this work was to assess whether pseudocysts exert cytotoxic effects during their interaction with mdck cells (an epithelial kidney canine cell line) and compare their behavior to that of the pear-shaped parasites. pseudocysts and pear-shaped parasites from both cultured and freshly isolated t. foetus were used. electron microsco ... | 2012 | 22309685 |
| xylella taiwanensis sp. nov., causing pear leaf scorch disease. | a gram-stain-negative, nutritionally fastidious bacterium (pls229t) causing pear leaf scorch was identified in taiwan and previously grouped into xylella fastidiosa. yet, significant variations between pls229t and xylellafastidiosa were noted. in this study, pls229t was evaluated phenotypically and genotypically against representative strains of xylellafastidiosa, including strains of the currently known subspecies of xylellafastidiosa, xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and 'xylella fastidiosa ... | 2016 | 27530392 |
| draft genome sequence of xylella fastidiosa pear leaf scorch strain in taiwan. | the draft genome sequence of xylella fastidiosa pear leaf scorch strain pls229, isolated from the pear cultivar hengshan (pyrus pyrifolia) in taiwan, is reported here. the bacterium has a genome size of 2,733,013 bp, with a g+c content of 53.1%. the pls229 genome was annotated and has 3,259 open reading frames and 50 rna genes. | 2014 | 24652975 |
| development of an improved isolation approach and simple sequence repeat markers to characterize phytophthora capsici populations in irrigation ponds in southern georgia. | phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of phytophthora blight, is a major concern in vegetable production in georgia and many other states in the united states. contamination of irrigation water sources by p. capsici may be an important source of inoculum for the pathogen. a simple method was developed in this study to improve the efficiency of recovering p. capsici from fruits used as baits in irrigation ponds. in contrast to direct isolation on agar plates, infected fruit tissues were used to ... | 2009 | 19581483 |
| characterization of phytophthora capsici from michigan surface irrigation water. | abstract phytophthora capsici infects cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops worldwide. in free water, p. capsici sporangia release zoospores that may be disseminated by moving surface water. surface irrigation sources (river system, ponds, and ditches) in three michigan counties with a history of p. capsici-susceptible crop production were monitored for the pathogen during four growing seasons (2002 to 2005). pear and cucumber baits were suspended in water at monitoring sites for 3- to 7-day inte ... | 2007 | 18943282 |