| discovery of an expanded set of avian leukosis subroup e proviruses in chickens using vermillion, a novel sequence capture and analysis pipeline. | transposable elements (tes), such as endogenous retroviruses (ervs), are common in the genomes of vertebrates. ervs result from retroviral infections of germ-line cells, and once integrated into host dna they become part of the host's heritable genetic material. ervs have been ascribed positive effects on host physiology such as the generation of novel, adaptive genetic variation and resistance to infection, as well as negative effects as agents of tumorigenesis and disease. the avian leukosis v ... | 2016 | 27354549 |
| infection of chicken bone marrow mononuclear cells with subgroup j avian leukosis virus inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and alters cytokine expression. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus known to induce tumor formation and immunosuppression in infected chickens. one of the organs susceptible to alv-j is the bone marrow, from which specialized antigen-presenting cells named dendritic cells (bm-dcs) are derived. notably, these cells possess the unique ability to induce primary immune responses. in the present study, a method of cultivating and purifying dcs from chicken bone marrow in vitro was established to inves ... | 2016 | 27349993 |
| evaluation of a chimeric multi-epitope-based dna vaccine against subgroup j avian leukosis virus in chickens. | the prokaryotic expressed recombinant chimeric multi-epitope protein x (rcmepx) had been evaluated with good immunogenicity and protective efficacy against subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) in our previous study. in the present research, we cloned the chimeric multi-epitope gene x into the eukaryotic expression vector pvax1 to evaluate its potency as a dna vaccine. the purified recombinant gp85 protein and rcmepx were used as positive controls and a dna prime-protein boost strategy was als ... | 2016 | 27318415 |
| [cross-species transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup j]. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an avian retrovirus that can induce myelocytomas. a high-frequency mutation in gene envelope endows alv-j with the potential for cross-species transmission. we wished to ascertain if the alv-j can spread across species under selection pressure in susceptible and resistant hosts. first, we inoculated (in turn) two susceptible host birds (specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens and turkeys). then, we inoculated three resistant hosts (pheasants, quails and d ... | 2016 | 27295883 |
| innate immune responses in alv-j infected chicks and chickens with hemangioma in vivo. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. since the precise mechanism of the innate immune response induced by alv-j is unknown, we investigated the antiviral innate immune responses induced by alv-j in chicks and chickens that had developed tumors. spleen levels of interleukin-6 (il-6), il-10, il-1β, and interferon-β (ifn-β) were not significantly different between the infected chick groups and the control groups from 1 day post hatch to 7 days po ... | 2016 | 27252695 |
| emergence of reticuloendotheliosis virus in pigeons in guangdong province, southern china. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an important immunosuppressive pathogen, has many hosts, including chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, and wild birds. clinically, rev may lead to increased susceptibility to other pathogens, resulting in serious tissue damage (especially tumors) and the death of its host. in this study, we encountered a disease outbreak resulting in a large number of deaths of pigeons in guangdong province, southern china. histopathological analysis revealed apparent tumor-like l ... | 2016 | 27120185 |
| identification of alv-j associated acutely transforming virus fu-j carrying complete v-fps oncogene. | transduction of oncogenes by alvs and generation of acute transforming viruses is common in natural viral infections. in order to understand the molecular basis for the rapid oncogenicity of fu-j, an acutely transforming avian leukosis virus isolated from fibrosarcomas in crossbreed broilers infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) in china, complete genomic structure of fu-j virus was determined by pcr amplification and compared with those of fu-j1, fu-j2, fu-j3, fu-j4, and fu-j5 r ... | 2016 | 27108997 |
| karyotype analysis of the acute fibrosarcoma from chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with v-src oncogene. | to understand the cytogenetic characteristics of acute fibrosarcoma in chickens infected with the subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with the v-src oncogene, we performed a karyotype analysis of fibrosarcoma cell cultures. twenty-nine of 50 qualified cell culture spreads demonstrated polyploidy of some macrochromosomes, 21 of which were trisomic for chromosome 7, and others were trisomic for chromosomes 3, 4, 5 (sex chromosome w), and 10. in addition, one of them was trisomic for both ch ... | 2016 | 27100152 |
| gene expression changes in chicken nlrc5 signal pathway associated with in vitro avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection. | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (nlrs) play a key role in the innate immune response as pattern-recognition receptors. however, the role of nlrc5, which is a member of the nlr family, in nf-κb activation and mhc-i expression remains debatable. infection with the j group avian leukosis virus (alv-j) can result in immunosuppression and a subsequent increase in susceptibility to secondary infection. this results in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. usi ... | 2016 | 27050957 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j induces its receptor--chnhe1 up-regulation. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus which causes immunosuppression and neoplasia in meat-type and egg-type chickens. alv-j infects host cells via specific interaction between the viral env and the cell surface receptor -chicken sodium hydrogen exchanger type 1 (chnhe1). nhe1 involved in altering the cellular ph and playing a critical role in tumorigenesis. however, little is known about the other relationship between alv-j and chnhe1. | 2016 | 27039379 |
| expression of the env gene from the avian endogenous retrovirus alve and regulation by mir-155. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are important retroelements that reside in host genomes. however, erv expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. in this study, chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) and msb1 cells infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) exhibited significantly increased expression of env from the endogenous retrovirus alve. in contrast, env expression was significantly lower in cef and msb1 cells infected with exogenous avian leukosis virus j (alvj) at the ... | 2016 | 27016933 |
| genetic diversity of nhe1, receptor for subgroup j avian leukosis virus, in domestic chicken and wild anseriform species. | j subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infects domestic chicken, jungle fowl, and turkey and enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by tvj locus and identified as na+/h+ exchanger 1 (nhe1). the resistance to alv-j in a great majority of examined galliform species was explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of nhe1, and genetic polymorphisms around this site predict the susceptibility or resistance of a given species or indiv ... | 2016 | 26978658 |
| isolation and pathogenic analysis of virulent marek's disease virus field strain in china. | marek's disease (md) has become increasingly common in china, resulting in considerable economic loss. the etiological agent is unclear. in this study, we isolated a field md virus (mdv) strain, designated sx1301, from cvi988/rispens-vaccinated chickens with tumors. co-infection of avian leukosis virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, and chicken infectious anemia virus was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, dna blotting hybridization, and indirect immunofluor ... | 2016 | 26976907 |
| natural unusual myeloblastosis in a budgerigar (melopsittacus undulatus): histopathologic diagnosis. | the subgroup j avian leukosis virus favors the myelocytic series cells and causes myeloid leukosis (myeloblastosis and myelocytomatosis). natural cases of myeloblastosis (myeloblastic myeloid leukosis) are uncommon and usually occur in adult chickens. this paper describes clinical signs and gross and histopathologic features of myeloblastosis in an adult female budgerigar (melopsittacus undulatus) that was infected naturally. at necropsy, the spleen was greatly enlarged (enlarged seven or eight ... | 2016 | 26953949 |
| identification of a variant antigenic neutralizing epitope in hypervariable region 1 of avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is a hypervariable oncogenic retrovirus that causes great economic loss in poultry. antigenic variations in the variable regions make the development of an effective vaccine a challenging task. in the present study, we identified a variant antigenic neutralizing epitope using reverse vaccinology methods. first, we predicted the b-cell epitopes in gp85 gene of alv-j strains by dnaman and bioinformatics. fourteen candidate epitopes were selected and linked i ... | 2016 | 26850757 |
| identification of avian leukosis virus subgroup j-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying the v-src oncogene in layer chickens. | to elucidate the molecular basis for the rapid oncogenicity of an acutely transforming avian leukosis virus (alv), isolated from fibrosarcomas in hy-line brown commercial layer chickens infected with alv subgroup j (alv-j), the complete genomic structure of the provirus was determined. in addition to alv-j replication-complete virus sdau1102, five proviral dna genomes, named sj-1, sj-2, sj-3, sj-4 and sj-5, carrying different lengths of the v-src oncogene were amplified from original tumours and ... | 2016 | 26842006 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection of chicken dendritic cells induces apoptosis via the aberrant expression of micrornas. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes immunosuppression and enhances susceptibility to secondary infection. the innate immune system is the first line of defense in preventing bacterial and viral infections, and dendritic cells (dcs) play important roles in innate immunity. because bone marrow is an organ that is susceptible to alv-j, the virus may influence the generation of bone marrow-derived dcs. in this study, dcs cultured in vitro were used to inves ... | 2016 | 26830017 |
| avian leukosis virus subgroup j triggers caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response in chick livers. | many pathogens trigger caspase-1-mediated innate immune responses. avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes serious immunosuppression and diverse tumors in chicks. the caspase-1 inflammasome mechanism of response to alv-j invading remains unclear. here we investigated the expression of caspase-1, the inflammasome adaptor nlrp3, il-1β and il-18 in response to alv-j infection in the liver of chick. we found caspase-1 mrna expression was elevated at 5 dpi and peaked at 7 dpi in alv-j infected ... | 2016 | 26811903 |
| exogenous avian leukosis virus-induced activation of the erk/ap1 pathway is required for virus replication and correlates with virus-induced tumorigenesis. | a proteomics approach was used to reveal the up-regulated proteins involved in the targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction pathway in df-1 cells after alv subgroup j (alv-j) infection. next, we found that alv-j chn06 strain infection of df-1 cells correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (erk2) activation, which was mainly induced within 15 min, a very early stage of infection, and at a late infection stage, from 108 h to 132 h post-infection. infectio ... | 2016 | 26754177 |
| avian leukosis virus in indigenous chicken breeds, china. | | 2015 | 26714782 |
| role of gga-mir-221 and gga-mir-222 during tumour formation in chickens infected by subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) causes a neoplastic disease in infected chickens. differential expression patterns of micrornas (mirnas) are closely related to the formation and growth of tumors. (1) background: this study was undertaken to understand how mirnas might be related to tumor growth during alv-j infection. we chose to characterize the effects of mir-221 and mir-222 on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis based on previous microarray data. (2) methods: in vivo, the exp ... | 2015 | 26690468 |
| common viral integration sites identified in avian leukosis virus-induced b-cell lymphomas. | avian leukosis virus (alv) induces b-cell lymphoma and other neoplasms in chickens by integrating within or near cancer genes and perturbing their expression. four genes--myc, myb, mir-155, and tert--have previously been identified as common integration sites in these virus-induced lymphomas and are thought to play a causal role in tumorigenesis. in this study, we employ high-throughput sequencing to identify additional genes driving tumorigenesis in alv-induced b-cell lymphomas. in addition to ... | 2015 | 26670384 |
| lamivudine inhibits the replication of alv-j associated acutely transforming virus and its helper virus and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. | to study the antiviral effects of lamivudine on avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) and its inhibitory effect on the growth of fibrosarcomas caused by acute transforming avian leukosis virus, a series of experiments were performed in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures and 1-day-old chickens inoculated with an acutely transforming viral stock fu-j (sdau1005). this stock was prepared from an acutely fibrosarcoma of field cases in chicken farms and contained both the replication-defective virus ... | 2015 | 26648914 |
| rapid detection of the common avian leukosis virus subgroups by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | subgroups a, b, e and j are the major subgroups of avian leukosis virus (alv) infecting chickens. alv infection has become endemic in china and has a significant negative effect on the poultry industry. consequently, there is an urgent need for a specific, sensitive and rapid method for diagnosis and eradication of alv. therefore, we developed a simple and rapid real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) reaction for the timely detection of the common alv subgroups, whereby the ampl ... | 2015 | 26596553 |
| genome-wide analysis reveals the extent of eav-hp integration in domestic chicken. | eav-hp is an ancient retrovirus pre-dating gallus speciation, which continues to circulate in modern chicken populations, and led to the emergence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. we mapped eav-hp integration sites in ethiopian village chickens, a silkie, taiwan country chicken, red junglefowl gallus gallus and several inbred experimental lines using whole-genome sequence data. | 2015 | 26466991 |
| influence of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat on biological activities of marek's disease virus. | gx0101 was the first reported field strain of recombinant marek's disease virus (mdv) that contained a long terminal repeat (ltr) from the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). it is a very virulent mdv strain, with relatively high horizontal transmission ability. the rev ltr in gx0101 genome was proved to decrease the pathogenicity but increase the potential for horizontal transmission of the virus. here we constructed a recombinant mdv gx0101-alv-ltr to study stability of avian leukosis virus (al ... | 2015 | 26274570 |
| efficient method to optimize antibodies using avian leukosis virus display and eukaryotic cells. | antibody-based therapeutics have now had success in the clinic. the affinity and specificity of the antibody for the target ligand determines the specificity of therapeutic delivery and off-target side effects. the discovery and optimization of high-affinity antibodies to important therapeutic targets could be significantly improved by the availability of a robust, eukaryotic display technology comparable to phage display that would overcome the protein translation limitations of microorganisms. ... | 2015 | 26216971 |
| evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chickens. | the intricate sequence and antigenic variability of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) have led to unprecedented difficulties in the development of vaccines. much experimental evidence demonstrates that alv-j mutants have caused immune evasion and pose a challenge for traditional efforts to develop effective vaccines. to investigate the potential of a multi-epitope vaccination strategy to prevent chickens against alv-j infections, a recombinant chimeric multi-epitope protein x (rcmepx) cont ... | 2015 | 26196055 |
| pathotyping of recent indian field isolates of marek's disease virus serotype 1. | a study was undertaken to assess the virulence of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 1 field isolates obtained from poultry flocks of southern part of india. five representative mdv serotype 1 strains were isolated from eighty-six blood samples collected from fifteen farms. three out of five isolates which were free from avian leukosis virus (alv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were adapted in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) culture and designated as ind/tn/11/01, ind/ka/12/02 and ind/t ... | 2015 | 26104332 |
| microrna-23b promotes avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) replication by targeting irf1. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) can cause several different leukemia-like proliferative diseases in the hemopoietic system of chickens. here, we investigated the transcriptome profiles and mirna expression profiles of alv-j-infected and uninfected chicken spleens to identify the genes and mirnas related to alv-j invasion. in total, 252 genes and 167 mirnas were differentially expressed in alv-j-infected spleens compared to control uninfected spleens. mir-23b expression was up-regulated i ... | 2015 | 25980475 |
| development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus. | a rapid immunochromatographic strip for detecting capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus was successfully developed based on two high-affinity monoclonal antibodies. the test strip could detect not only 600pg purified recombinant p27 protein but also quantified avian leukosis virus as low as 70 tcid50, which has comparative sensitivity to the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. for the evaluation of this test strip, 1100 samples consisting of cloacal swabs, meco ... | 2015 | 25977186 |
| development and application of sybr green i real-time pcr assay for the separate detection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and multiplex detection of avian leukosis virus subgroups a and b. | subgroup a, b, and j alvs are the most prevalent avian leukosis virus (alv). our study attempted to develop two sybr green i-based real-time pcr (rt-pcr) assays for specific detection of alv subgroup j (alv-j) and multiplex detection of alv subgroups a and b (alv-a/b), respectively. | 2015 | 25889925 |
| synergistic inhibition of avian leukosis virus subgroup j replication by mirna-embedded sirna interference of double-target. | the diseases caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) has become a serious problem in the poultry. due to largely ineffective vaccines, new control measures are needed to be developed. rna interference (rnai) has been developed a promising measure for antivirus in poultry. | 2015 | 25889403 |
| complete genome sequence of an american avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate that causes hemangiomas and myeloid leukosis. | we report the complete genome sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) isolate pdrc-59831, which causes myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas in chickens. this is an american alv-j isolate, which was found in a 38-week-old broiler breeder chicken on a farm in georgia in 2007. | 2015 | 25858851 |
| correction: a recombinant avian leukosis virus subgroup j for directly monitoring viral infection and the selection of neutralizing antibodies. | | 2015 | 25837589 |
| diagnosis and sequence analysis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolated from chinese partridge shank chickens. | the diagnosis of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in chinese partridge shank chickens was confirmed by necropsy, histopathological examinations, antibody tests, viral isolation, immunofluorescence assays, and sequence analysis. myelocytoma, myeloma, and fibrosarcoma were simultaneously found in partridge shank flock with alv-j infection. sequence analysis of the env genes of alv-j demonstrated that both gp85 and gp37 were highly homologous among the three strains from local chic ... | 2015 | 25713393 |
| the met gene is a common integration target in avian leukosis virus subgroup j-induced chicken hemangiomas. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is a simple retrovirus that can cause hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens and is currently a major economic problem in asia. here we characterize alv-j strain pdrc-59831, a newly studied u.s. isolate of alv-j. five-day-old chicken embryos were infected with this virus, and the chickens developed myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas within 2 months after hatching. to investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis, we employed high-throughput sequencing to ana ... | 2015 | 25673726 |
| identification of a novel b-cell epitope specific for avian leukosis virus subgroup j gp85 protein. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that has caused severe economic losses in china. gp85 protein is the main envelope protein and the most variable structural protein of alv-j. it is also involved in virus neutralization. in this study, a specific monoclonal antibody, 4a3, was produced against the alv-j gp85 protein. immunofluorescence assays showed that 4a3 could react with different strains of alv-j, including the british prototype isolate hprs103, the ame ... | 2015 | 25655260 |
| antibody responses induced by recombinant alv-a gp85 protein vaccine combining with cpg-odn adjuvant in breeder hens and the protection for their offspring against early infection. | to observe the antibody responses induced by recombinant a subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-a) gp85 protein vaccine plus cpg-odn adjuvant and the protection of maternal antibodies (mabs) for the hatched chickens against early infection, the gp85 gene was amplified from the proviral cdna of alv-a-sdau09c1 strain using pcr and the recombinant plasmid containing target gene was constructed and expressed in escherichiacoli. the expressed product was confirmed using sds-page and western blot that i ... | 2015 | 25637708 |
| quantitative itraq lc-ms/ms proteomics reveals the proteome profiles of df-1 cells after infection with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can induce various clinical tumors and has caused severe economic losses in china. to improve our understanding of the host cellular responses to virus infection and the pathogenesis of alv-j infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect the protein changes in df-1 cells infected and mo ... | 2015 | 25632391 |
| identification of novel viral receptors with cell line expressing viral receptor-binding protein. | the viral cell receptors and infection can be blocked by the expression of the viral receptor-binding protein. thus, the viral cell receptor is an attractive target for anti-viral strategies, and the identification of viral cell receptor is critical for better understanding and controlling viral disease. as a model system for viral entry and anti-retroviral approaches, avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (aslv, including the a-j ten subgroups) has been studied intensively and many milestone discoveries ... | 2015 | 25604889 |
| molecular characterization of 3'utrs of j subgroup avian leukosis virus in passerine birds in china. | to assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in passerine birds in china, 365 passerine birds collected from northeast china from 2011 to 2013 were tested, and two alv-j strains were isolated from yellow-browed warbler and marsh tit. the 3'untranslated regions (3'utrs) of the two strains were amplified, cloned, and sequenced, with the results showing that the 3'utrs of the two strains contained multiple mutations and deletions, which are similar to viral strains isol ... | 2015 | 25577165 |
| a recombinant avian leukosis virus subgroup j for directly monitoring viral infection and the selection of neutralizing antibodies. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) has induced serious clinical outbreaks and has become a serious infectious disease of chickens in china. we describe here the creation of a recombinant alv-j tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (named rhprs-103egfp). we successfully utilize the rhprs-103egfp to visualize viral infection and for development of a simplified serum-neutralization test. | 2014 | 25522008 |
| lack of evidence that avian oncogenic viruses are infectious for humans: a review. | chickens may be infected with three different oncogenic viruses: avian leukosis virus (alv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv). several epidemiological studies have suggested a link between these viruses and different types of cancer in people working in poultry processing plants and with multiple sclerosis. in this article, we analyze the epidemiological evidence that these viruses are causative agents for human cancer, followed by description of the relev ... | 2014 | 25518427 |
| synergistic pathogenic effects of co-infection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in broiler chickens. | to study interactions between avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and the effects of co-infection on pathogenicity of these viruses, 1-day-old broiler chicks were infected with alv-j, rev or both alv-j and rev. the results indicated that co-infection of alv-j and rev induced more growth retardation and higher mortality rate than alv-j or rev single infection (p < 0.05). chickens co-infected with alv-j and rev also showed more severe immunosuppression tha ... | 2015 | 25484188 |
| immunomodulatory effects of taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide and propolis on immunosuppressed chickens. | co-infection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), which can cause suppressed immunity and vaccination failure, frequently occurs in chicken flocks in china. taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (tppps) and propolis (pp) have been proven to possess immune modulatory effects and improve the immune effects of vaccines. this study aimed to investigate the immune modulatory ability of tppps and pp on chickens co-infected with immunosuppressive vi ... | 2015 | 25450885 |
| mutations in and expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in egg-type chickens infected with subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the oncogenic effects of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), we examined mutations in and the expression of p53 in the myelocytomas distributed in the liver, spleen, trachea, and bone marrow, as well as in fibrosarcomas in the abdominal cavity and hemangiomas in skin from chickens that were naturally or experimentally infected with alv-j. two types of mutations in the p53 gene were detected in myelocytomas of both the experimentally infected and th ... | 2015 | 25445321 |
| differential expression of immune-related cytokine genes in response to j group avian leukosis virus infection in vivo. | infection with j group avian leukosis virus (alv-j) can result in immunosuppression and subsequently increased susceptibility to secondary infection. the innate immune system is the first line defense system in prevention of further bacterial and viral infections. cytokines play key roles in the innate immune system. in this study, we used rt-qpcr technology to test the cytokine mrna expression levels in various immune tissues, including the spleen, bursa of fabricius and cecal tonsil, in the da ... | 2015 | 25438822 |
| further observations on serotype 2 marek's disease virus-induced enhancement of spontaneous avian leukosis virus-like bursal lymphomas in alva6 transgenic chickens. | breeders of the 2009 generation of avian disease and oncology laboratory transgenic chicken line alva6, known to be resistant to infection with subgroups a and e avian leukosis virus (alv), were vaccinated at hatch with a trivalent marek's disease (md) vaccine containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3 marek's disease virus (mdv) and were maintained under pathogen-free conditions from the day of hatch until 75 weeks of age. spontaneous alv-like bursal lymphomas, also termed lymphoid leukosis (ll)-like lym ... | 2015 | 25407937 |
| endogenous avian leukosis viral loci in the red jungle fowl genome assembly. | the current build (galgal4) of the genome of the ancestor of the modern chicken, the red jungle fowl, contains a single endogenous avian leukosis viral element (alve) on chromosome 1 (designated rsv-ltr; family ervk). the assembly shows the alve provirus juxtaposed with a member of a second family of avian endogenous retroviruses (designated ggerv20; family ervl); however, the status of the 3' end of the alve element as well as its flanking region remain unclear due to a gap in the reference gen ... | 2014 | 25306461 |
| avian oncogenic virus differential diagnosis in chickens using oligonucleotide microarray. | avian oncogenic viruses include the avian leukosis virus (alv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and marek's disease virus (mdv). multiple oncogenic viral infections are frequently seen, with even marek's disease vaccines reported to be contaminated with alv and rev. the gross lesions caused by avian oncogenic viruses often overlap, making differentiation diagnosis based on histopathology difficult. the objective of this study is to develop a rapid approach to simultaneously differentiate, subg ... | 2014 | 25286179 |
| cop9 signalosome subunit 6 binds and inhibits avian leukosis virus integrase. | the retroviral integrase plays an essential role in the integration of reverse-transcribed retroviral cdna into the host cell genome, and serves as an important target for anti-viral therapeutics. in this study, we identified the cop9 signalosome subunit 6 (csn6) as a novel avian leukosis virus (alv) integrase binding protein. co-immunoprecipitation and gst pull-down assays showed that csn6 bound to alv integrase likely through direct interaction of csn6 to the catalytic core of the integrase. w ... | 2014 | 25285639 |
| an avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate with a rous sarcoma virus-like 5'-ltr shows enhanced replication capability. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) was first isolated from meat-producing chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis. however, alv-j infections associated with hemangiomas have occurred in egg-producing (layer) flocks in china. in this study, we identified an alv-j layer isolate (hlj13sh01) as a recombinant of alv-j and a rous sarcoma virus schmidt-ruppin b strain (rsv-srb), which contained the rsv-srb 5'-ltr and the other genes of alv-j. replication kinetic testing indicated that the hlj ... | 2015 | 25274857 |
| the genome of the chicken dt40 bursal lymphoma cell line. | the chicken dt40 cell line is a widely used model system in the study of multiple cellular processes due to the efficiency of homologous gene targeting. the cell line was derived from a bursal lymphoma induced by avian leukosis virus infection. in this study we characterized the genome of the cell line using whole genome shotgun sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism array hybridization. the results indicate that wild-type dt40 has a relatively normal karyotype, except for whole chromosom ... | 2014 | 25227228 |
| first finding of subgroup-e avian leukosis virus from wild ducks in china. | to analyze the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup e (alv-e) in wild ducks in china, we collected 276 wild ducks, including 12 species, from four provinces of china. the pcr detection for alv-e identified four samples as positive samples and the detection rate was 1.45%. the env sequences of alv-e were cloned and sequenced. in gp85, genes of the four alv-e strains showed a high homology (98.1-99.5%) with ev-1, ev-3, and sd0501 and more than 90% homology with other subgroup-a and subgroup-b a ... | 2014 | 25213232 |
| genistein inhibits the replication of avian leucosis virus subgroup j in df-1 cells. | to investigate the antiviral effects of genistein on the replication of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) in df-1 cells, the cells were treated with genistein at different time points and the antiviral effects were examined by using a variety of assays. we determined that genistein strongly inhibited viral gene expression and decreased the viral protein level in the cell supernatant and the cytoplasm without alerting virus receptor expression and viral attachment. we also observed that gen ... | 2014 | 25197039 |
| single nucleotide polymorphism variants within tva and tvb receptor genes in chinese chickens. | avian leukosis is an immunosuppressive neoplastic disease caused by avian leukosis viruses (alv), which causes tremendous economic losses in the worldwide poultry industry. the susceptibility or resistance of chicken cells to subgroup a alv and subgroup b, d, and e alv are determined by the receptor genes tumor virus locus a (tva) and tumor virus locus b (tvb), respectively. four genetic resistant loci (tva(r1), tva(r2), tva(r3), and tva(r4)) in tva receptor gene and a genetic resistant locus tv ... | 2014 | 25125563 |
| astrocytic growth through the autocrine/paracrine production of il-1β in the early infectious phase of fowl glioma-inducing virus. | fowl glioma is characterized morphologically by multiple nodular astrocytic growth with disseminated non-suppurative encephalitis. the disease is caused by fowl glioma-inducing virus (fgv) and its variants, belonging to subgroup a of avian leukosis virus (alv-a). fifty-seven fgv variants have so far been isolated from japanese fowls and these variants have a variable degree of glioma inducibility. however, how these alvs induce glioma with different degrees and frequencies has not been fully elu ... | 2014 | 25117822 |
| synergetic effects of subgroup j avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus co-infection on growth retardation and immunosuppression in spf chickens. | to further understand the effect of co-infection of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chickens, the experiment was made to study the pathogenicity, the weight of body and immune organs, response to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus subtype h9 (aiv-h9) vaccination. chickens were randomly divided into four groups, which includes injection groups (rev, alv-j, rev plus alv-j), and negative ... | 2014 | 25042879 |
| genomic sequence analysis and biological characteristics of a rescued clone of avian leukosis virus strain js11c1, isolated from indigenous chickens. | the strain js11c1, a member of a putative new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (alv) that is different from all six known subgroups from chickens based on gp85 amino acid sequence comparison, was isolated from chinese native chicken breeds in 2012. in order to further study the genome structure, biological characteristics, and the evolutionary relationship of the virus with others of known subgroups from infected chickens, we determined the complete genome sequence, constructed an infectious clo ... | 2014 | 25009192 |
| polymorphism of avian leukosis virus subgroup e loci showing selective footprints in chicken. | avian leukosis virus subgroup e (alve) is a family of endogenous retroviruses in the chicken genome. to investigate the genetic consequences of chicken domestication, we analyzed 18 alve loci in red jungle fowls, layers, broilers, and chinese indigenous chickens. none of the alve loci tested were found in red jungle fowls, but 12 were present in domestic chickens. alve1 and alve16 are found in regions of the genome that harbor quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting egg production traits. alve1 ... | 2014 | 25007752 |
| isolation, identification, and gp85 characterization of a subgroup a avian leukosis virus from a contaminated live newcastle disease virus vaccine, first report in china. | to identify if any exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) exists in a live vaccine of poultry according to the directives of the ministry of agriculture of the people's republic of china, a live vaccine strain of the newcastle disease virus (ndv) was neutralized using an anti-ndv antibody, and was subsequently used to inoculate df-1 cells to investigate the presence of exogenous alv. the df-1 cells were cultured for 21 d and subsequently screened using an elisa for the p27 antigen of the alv. an e ... | 2014 | 25002550 |
| nhe1 gene associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j infection in chicken. | as a kind of binding protein, the type 1 na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe1) is a receptor for the highly pathogenic avian leukosis viruses-j subgroup (alv-j) in chicken. in order to investigate the potential effect of chicken nhe1 gene on leukosis, we compared its expression between alv-j-affected and -unaffected chicken, screened variations across the whole gene, and then performed association analysis with alv-j affected/unaffected trait in three un-related chicken populations. we found that the nhe1 ... | 2014 | 24985980 |
| analysis by high throughput sequencing of specific pathogen free eggs. | specific pathogen free (spf) embryonated eggs are used for the production of many veterinary and human vaccines. we have used high throughput sequencing to screen allantoic fluids and embryos for the presence of encapsidated viral genomes and viral transcripts, respectively. spf eggs from two different producers were tested. we evidenced sequences corresponding to known endogenous retroviruses and sequences of avian leukosis virus, but no sequence that might suggest a productive infection of egg ... | 2014 | 24930452 |
| molecular characteristics of the complete genome of a j-subgroup avian leukosis virus strain isolated from eurasian teal in china. | the j-subgroup avian leukosis virus (alv-j) strain wb11098j was isolated from a wild eurasian teal, and its proviral genomic sequences were determined. the complete proviral sequence of wb11098j was 7868 nt long. wb11098j was 95.3.9 % identical to the prototype strain hprs-103, 94.2 % identical to the american strain adol-7501, 94.5-94.7 % identical to chinese broiler isolates, 94.8-97.5 % identical to layer chicken isolates, and 94.4-95.0 % identical to chinese local chicken isolates at the nuc ... | 2014 | 24854142 |
| effects of polysaccharide on chicks co-infected with bordetella avium and avian leukosis virus. | chicks' co-infection with immunosuppressive virus and bacteria seriously threaten the development of the poultry industry. in this study, a model was established in which chicks were injected with either subgroup b alv (alv-b)+bordetella avium (b. avium), or alv-b+b. avium+taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (tppps), or b. avium only, or b. avium+tppps. the data showed that the group injected with alv-b and b. avium exhibited significant inhibition of the immune function and therefore ... | 2014 | 24815403 |
| avian gyrovirus 2 and avirulent newcastle disease virus coinfection in a chicken flock with neurologic symptoms and high mortalities. | a disease with severe neurologic symptoms caused 100% mortality in a small broiler operation in the gauteng province, south africa in late march 2013. routine diagnostic pcr testing failed to identify a possible cause of the outbreak; thus, samples were submitted for virus isolation, serology, and bacteriology. an avirulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) strain isolated was identified as a v4-like genotype 1 strain, by dna sequencing, with a cleavage site of 112gkqgr decrease l117. real-time reve ... | 2014 | 24758119 |
| a rapid profiling assay for avian leukosis virus subgroup e proviruses in chickens. | endogenous retroviral elements (ervs) are prolific components of the genomes of complex species, typically occupying more sequence space than do essential, protein-encoding genes. much of what we know today about the structure and function, as well as the evolution and pathogenic potential, of ervs was fleshed out over several decades during the last century using the avian leukosis virus subgroup e-related (alve) family of endogenous retroviruses of chickens as a model system. a critical enabli ... | 2014 | 24758110 |
| detection and molecular characterization of j subgroup avian leukosis virus in wild ducks in china. | to assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) in wild ducks in china, we examined samples from 528 wild ducks, representing 17 species, which were collected in china over the past 3 years. virus isolation and pcr showed that 7 alv-j strains were isolated from wild ducks. the env genes and the 3'utrs from these isolates were cloned and sequenced. the env genes of all 7 wild duck isolates were significantly different from those in the prototype strain hprs-103, american strains, ... | 2014 | 24733260 |
| chicken biliary exosomes enhance cd4(+)t proliferation and inhibit alv-j replication in liver. | exosomes, which are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, carry lipids, rna/mirnas, and proteins and have immune modulatory functions. in this study, we isolated exosomes from the bile of specific pathogen-free chickens, 42-43 days of age, by using an ultracentrifugation and filtration method. the density of the exosomes, isolated by sucrose gradient fractionation, was between 1.13 and 1.19 g/ml. electron microscopic observation of the liver showed that exosomes were present in the space ... | 2014 | 24697699 |
| gga-mir-375 plays a key role in tumorigenesis post subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection. | avian leukosis is a neoplastic disease caused in part by subgroup j avian leukosis virus j (alv-j). micro ribonucleic acids (mirnas) play pivotal oncogenic and tumour-suppressor roles in tumour development and progression. however, little is known about the potential role of mirnas in avian leukosis tumours. we have found a novel tumour-suppressor mirna, gga-mir-375, associated with avian leukosis tumorigenesis by mirna microarray in a previous report. we have also previously studied the biologi ... | 2014 | 24694742 |
| gene detection, virus isolation, and sequence analysis of avian leukosis viruses in taiwan country chickens. | avian leukosis virus (alv) infection in taiwan country chickens (tccs) was investigated by using gene detection, virus isolation, and sequence analysis. the blood samples of 61 tcc flocks at market ages from a slaughter house were screened for exogenous alvs using polymerase chain reaction to investigate the alv infection status. the buffy coats from three breeder and four commercial chicken flocks were cocultured with df-1 cells to isolate the virus. the full proviral dna genomes of two alv iso ... | 2013 | 24689170 |
| transcription analysis of the response of chicken bursa of fabricius to avian leukosis virus subgroup j strain js09gy3. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes tumours and immunosuppression in chickens. the host-alv interactions at the transcriptional level are unknown. in this study, gene expression profiling was performed to analyse the bursa response induced by alv-j strain js09gy3 in chickens. | 2014 | 24680656 |
| role of virus-encoded micrornas in avian viral diseases. | with total dependence on the host cell, several viruses have adopted strategies to modulate the host cellular environment, including the modulation of microrna (mirna) pathway through virus-encoded mirnas. several avian viruses, mostly herpesviruses, have been shown to encode a number of novel mirnas. these include the highly oncogenic marek's disease virus-1 (26 mirnas), avirulent marek's disease virus-2 (36 mirnas), herpesvirus of turkeys (28 mirnas), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (10 mir ... | 2014 | 24662606 |
| liposomes containing recombinant gp85 protein vaccine against alv-j in chickens. | to study the potential of liposome vaccines in the clinical prevention of alv-j, the effect of recombinant gp85 protein of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) entrapped by liposomes in chickens against alv-j infection was investigated in this paper. a recombinant plasmid (pet28a-gp85) containing the pet28a vector and gp85 gene was constructed and then expressed in rosetta (de3) cells with 0.5mm iptg to produce recombinant gp85 proteins that could be entrapped by liposomes through reverse-pha ... | 2014 | 24625339 |
| an outbreak of lymphomas in a layer chicken flock previously infected with fowlpox virus containing integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus. | visceral lymphomas occurred in a 236-day-old layer flock previously diagnosed with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-integrated fowlpox virus (fpv) infection at the age of 77 days. common pathologic lesions were multiple neoplastic nodules of homogeneous lymphocytes in the livers and spleens of all submitted chickens. all neoplastic tissues were positive for the rev envelope (env) gene by pcr. in a retrospective molecular study of fpv-infected 77-day-old chickens from the same flock, we identifi ... | 2013 | 24597128 |
| generation and evaluation of avian leukosis virus subgroup j envelope glycoprotein recombinant pseudovirions. | retroviral and lentiviral vector pseudotypes (based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) have been used for stable and safe gene transfer because of their broad host ranges and high mechanical strength. in the present study, a recombinant avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) polypeptide pseudotyped with lentivirus membrane glycoproteins gp85 and gp37, hiv/env-alv, was generated, characterized in vitro and evaluated for its ability to infect natural host cells. we optimized the newly ... | 2014 | 24589516 |
| skin involvement in lymphomas caused by marek's disease virus infection in silkie chickens. | the silkie is a typical chinese breed of chicken. in 2012, batches of silkies were found to have diffuse tumor-like nodules on their skin after feather removal, when they were slaughtered at about 60 days old. gross examination showed no visible neoplastic lesions on the visceral organs and peripheral nerves, except slight splenomegaly in individual chickens. the disease was prevalent, with high condemnation rates for skin lesions, which caused great economic losses to the company. tissues, incl ... | 2014 | 24583947 |
| immunoregulatory effects of taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on chicks co-infected with avian leukosis virus and bordetella avium early in ovo. | in recent years, co-infection of chicken embryos with immunosuppressive viruses and bacteria occurs with an annually increasing frequency. consequently, studies on new and safe immunoregulators, especially plant polysaccharides, have become a popular topic in the poultry industry. in the present study, we selected 300 specific pathogen free embryonated eggs, which were injected with subgroup b avian leukosis virus (alv-b) and bordetella avium (b. avium) to establish an artificial co-infection mo ... | 2014 | 24508082 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein gp85 of avian leukosis virus subgroup j wild-bird isolates from northeast china. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), first isolated in 1989, preferentially infects meat-type birds. chinese layer flocks have experienced outbreaks of this virus since 2008. to analyze the status of alv-j infection in wild birds in china, 585 wild birds collected from three provinces of northeast china from 2010 to 2012 were tested, and six alv-j strains were isolated for the first time. furthermore, the gp85 genes of the six strains were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. the results indica ... | 2014 | 24488027 |
| a 19-nucleotide insertion in the leader sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup j contributes to its replication in vitro but is not related to its pathogenicity in vivo. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) was first isolated from meat-type chickens that had developed myeloid leukosis and since 2008, alv-j infections in chickens have become widespread in china. a comparison of the sequence of alv-j epidemic isolates with hprs-103, the alv-j prototype virus, revealed several distinct features, one of which is a 19-nucleotide (nt) insertion in the leader sequence. to determine the role of the 19-nt insertion in alv-j pathogenicity, a pair of viruses were constr ... | 2014 | 24465434 |
| [the relationship of virus load, receptor expression and tumor spectrum in layer chickens infected by alv-j]. | abstract:subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infect cells by binding to the chnhe1 receptor protein of the host and causes tumors. the tumor incidence of the alv-j-infected chickens was observed by histo pathology, and virus was isolated on df-1 cell line. the alv-j load and mrna of chnhelreceptor protein were detected by real time pcr. the relationship between alv-j load, chnhe1 receptor expression levels and tumor spectrum was analyzed. the results showed that the tumors induced by alv-j i ... | 2013 | 24386840 |
| the myc, tert, and zic1 genes are common targets of viral integration and transcriptional deregulation in avian leukosis virus subgroup j-induced myeloid leukosis. | the integration of retroviruses into the host genome following nonrandom genome-wide patterns may lead to the deregulation of gene expression and oncogene activation near the integration sites. slow-transforming retroviruses have been widely used to perform genetic screens for the identification of genes involved in cancer. to investigate the involvement of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) integration in myeloid leukosis (ml) in chickens, we utilized an alv-j insertional identification pl ... | 2014 | 24371071 |
| effective signal-on photoelectrochemical immunoassay of subgroup j avian leukosis virus based on bi2s3 nanorods as photosensitizer and in situ generated ascorbic acid for electron donating. | a universal and effective photoelectrochemical (pec) immunosensing device was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ito) electrode for sensitive and specific detection of subgroup j of avian leukosis virus (alvs-j) based on a signal-on strategy. bismuth sulfide (bi2s3) nanorods, with good morphology, high crystallinity and differentiated pec properties, were selected as the photoelectrochemical species and synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. on the basis of alkaline phosphatase catalytic c ... | 2014 | 24287410 |
| genetic mutations of avian leukosis virus subgroup j strains extended their host range. | the genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is determined not only by the env gene, but also by its 3' utr and 3' ltr. they all play important roles in extending the host range and tumour development. in the present study, one alv-j strain (zb110604-6) from black-bone silky fowl (bsf) and three alv-j strains (zb110604-3/4/5) from grey partridge (gp), which bore multiple tumours and breed in one house of farm a, were demonstrated extending their host to gp, while two other al ... | 2014 | 24272684 |
| development and application of a multiplex pcr method for rapid differential detection of subgroup a, b, and j avian leukosis viruses. | avian leukosis virus (alv) subgroups a, b, and j are very common in poultry flocks and have caused serious economic losses in recent years. a multiplex pcr (mpcr) method for the detection of these three subgroups was developed and optimized in this study. we first designed a common forward primer, pf, and three downstream primers, ar, br, and jr, which can amplify 715 bp for subgroup a, 515 bp for subgroup b, and 422 bp for subgroup j simultaneously in one reaction. the mpcr method produced neit ... | 2014 | 24131697 |
| selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time pcr analysis in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | the selection of stably expressed reference genes is a prerequisite when evaluating gene expression, via real-time pcr, in cells in response to viral infections. the objective of our study was to identify suitable reference genes for mrna expression analysis in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef) after infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j). | 2013 | 24099561 |
| chicken dt40 cell line lacking dj-1, the gene responsible for familial parkinson's disease, displays mitochondrial dysfunction. | parkinson's disease (pd) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder mainly due to gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. although the causative genes for autosomal recessive pd, parkin, pink1 and dj-1, share a common pathway, at least in part, in mitochondrial quality control and protein quality control, their precise relationship remains elusive. previous studies suggested the limitation of gene-modified mice model to solve this problem. dt40 is an avian leuko ... | 2013 | 24064392 |
| preparation and immunoprotection of subgroup b avian leukosis virus inactivated vaccine. | to develop an inactivated vaccine against subgroup b avian leukosis virus (alv-b) and determine if vaccination of chicken breeders could protect young chicks from alv-b horizontal infection at early stage and accelerate eradication progress. | 2013 | 24016813 |
| multicentric histiocytosis related to avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j)-infection in meat-type local chickens. | gross lesions characterized by swollen livers and spleens accompanied by diffuse white miliary spots, which resembled those of marek's disease, were detected in two flocks of local meat-type chickens at a japanese poultry processing plant in june and august 2010. the microscopic examinations revealed proliferative foci consisting of spindle or polymorphic cells in the interstitium of livers, splenic follicles and the interstitium of kidneys. these cells were positive immunohistochemically with i ... | 2014 | 23978900 |
| microrna expression profiles in avian haemopoietic cells. | micrornas (mirnas) are small, abundant, non-coding rnas that modulate gene expression by interfering with translation or stability of mrna transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. a total of 734 precursor and 996 mature mirnas have so far been identified in the chicken genome. a number of these mirnas are expressed in a cell type-specific manner, and understanding their function requires detailed examination of their expression in different cell types. we carried out deep sequencing of small r ... | 2013 | 23967013 |
| enzootic outbreak and spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas in a commercial layer flock. | this paper reports an enzootic outbreak and spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas among adult layer hens with lesions on the skin of the legs. the observations were performed in a flock of 55,000 commercial layers (50,000 lohmann white and 5,000 lohmann brown). at the age of 30 weeks, lohmann white layers exhibited a number of growths (at an average of 60 hens per week, representing 0.1% of the flock) in the region of leg toes on a daily basis over 28 weeks that regressed during the remaini ... | 2013 | 23921348 |
| overexpression of microrna gga-mir-1650 decreases the replication of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in infected cells. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small regulatory non-coding rnas that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, playing a crucial role in cell differentiation and development. recently, some reports have demonstrated that a number of cellular mirnas play a role during viral infection. in this study, a luciferase-reporter system carrying the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) and 3' utr of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) was used to determine whether cellular mirnas are i ... | 2013 | 23907393 |
| identification of two novel multiple recombinant avian leukosis viruses in two different lines of layer chicken. | avian leukosis virus (alv) is the most common oncogenetic retrovirus that emerges spontaneously as a result of recombination between exogenous viruses, exogenous viruses and endogenous viruses, and exogenous viruses and non-homologous cellular genes. in the present study, two natural recombinant avian leukosis viruses (ralvs) (lc110515-5 and lc110803-5) carrying a subgroup c gp85 gene, a subgroup e gp37 gene, and a subgroup j 3'utr and 3'ltr were isolated from two different lines of layer flocks ... | 2013 | 23884361 |
| isolation, identification, and phylogenetic analysis of two avian leukosis virus subgroup j strains associated with hemangioma and myeloid leukosis. | cases of myeloid leukosis and hemangioma associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) are becoming more frequent in china in commercial layer chickens and breeders of egg-type chickens. in this study, two strains of alv-j (scau11-h and scau11-xg) associated with hemangioma and myelocytoma were isolated from commercial broiler breeder animals in 2011. their full-length proviral sequences were analyzed, revealing several unique genetic differences between the two isolates, and suggestin ... | 2013 | 23876931 |
| maternal antibody induced by recombinant gp85 protein vaccine adjuvanted with cpg-odn protects against alv-j early infection in chickens. | in this study, the efficacy of a recombinant protein vaccine encoding the gp85 gene from the subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) co-administered with cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg-odn) or freund's adjuvants was investigated for the protection against early alv-j infection in chickens. the gp85 gene from alv-j was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and the recombinant protein was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant protein was injected ... | 2013 | 23831319 |
| characterization of insertion sites and development of locus-specific assays for three broiler-derived subgroup e avian leukosis virus proviruses. | this report deals with the identification of novel elements belonging to a family of endogenous retroviruses, designated endogenous avian leukosis virus-type proviral elements (alve), that reside in the genome of the chicken and are closely related to exogenous avian leukosis viruses. the study of alve elements in the chicken genome serves as a model system for understanding the interplay between endogenous viruses and their vertebrate hosts in general, including humans. in this report, we chara ... | 2013 | 23796057 |
| subgroup j avian leukosis virus infection inhibits autophagy in df-1 cells. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infection can induce tumor-related diseases in chickens. previous studies by our laboratory demonstrated that alv-j infection of df-1 cells resulted in altered activity and phosphorylation of akt. however, little is known about the subsequent activation of host df-1 cells. | 2013 | 23773913 |
| polyclonal antibody against conserved peptide in transmembrane protein of avian leukosis virus subgroup j. | the alv-j gp37 pocket region located in transmembrane (tm) protein is an ideal viral target because it is extracellular, highly conserved, and essential for viral entry. although it has been a target of drug and vaccine design, there are not any polyclonal antibody tools to specifically probe the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the pocket region. our goal was to elicit a neutralizing polyclonal antibody that targets this pocket region. a conserved peptide designated r73 that is derived from t ... | 2013 | 23750480 |
| nonconserved tryptophan 38 of the cell surface receptor for subgroup j avian leukosis virus discriminates sensitive from resistant avian species. | subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) is unique among the avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses in using the multimembrane-spanning cell surface protein na(+)/h(+) exchanger type 1 (nhe1) as a receptor. the precise localization of amino acids critical for nhe1 receptor activity is key in understanding the virus-receptor interaction and potential interference with virus entry. because no resistant chicken lines have been described until now, we compared the nhe1 amino acid sequences from permissiv ... | 2013 | 23698309 |