| thermal inactivation of different measles virus strains. | the kinetics of thermal inactivation at 45 degrees c was investigated with different measles virus strains. the decrease of virus infectivity was determined by plaque counting test. the inactivation velocity of strains schwarz, moraten, woodfalk, l16/ssw, l16/moscow, and l16/s3 based on regression curve analysis (virus titres by time) allowed to divide them into 3 categories according to temperature sensitivity. our results showed that development of a thermostable measles vaccine does not requi ... | 1991 | 1681719 |
| prevalence of measles antibodies in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. | one hundred five asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive adults were screened for measles antibody. ages ranged from 21 to 59 years (mean, 35.7). cd4+ lymphocyte counts (range, 76-1137/mm3), percentage of cd4+ cells (6-42), cd4:cd8 ratio (0.08-1.3), measles antibody titers by eia, and undocumented history of prior measles or immunization were obtained. forty-six patients gave a history of measles but no immunization, 18 of immunization but no measles, 26 of immunization and measle ... | 1991 | 1682395 |
| isolation of measles virus from child with kawasaki disease. | | 1991 | 1682629 |
| leader sequence distinguishes between translatable and encapsidated measles virus rnas. | the 3'-terminal 55 nucleotides of the negative-strand measles virus rna genome called the leader sequence is not transcribed into a detectable distinct rna product. most of the monocistronic n and bicistronic n-p rnas lack the leader sequence. however, a subpopulation of the n and n-p rnas and all of the antigenomes possess this leader. here, we show that leader-containing subgenomic rnas are functionally distinct from their leaderless counterparts. in measles virus-infected cells, leaderless mo ... | 1990 | 1688383 |
| improvement in potency assay of measles-mumps-rubella trivalent vaccine: interference between components and measures for its elimination. | in the potency assay of trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccine by the immunocytochemical focus assay reported previously (fukuda et al., 1987), development of rubella foci in rk13 cells was inhibited in the presence of a large excess of mumps component, resulting in an underestimation of the titre of the rubella component. when rk13 cells are infected with the mixture of mumps and rubella viruses, mumps virus interfered with the growth of rubella virus. interference was mediated most like ... | 1990 | 1690744 |
| measles virus-substance p receptor interactions. possible novel mechanism of viral fusion. | measles virus (mv) encodes the fusion protein (f) that mediates cell fusion and intercellular spread of the virus, and is homologous to the carboxy terminus of the neuropeptide substance p (sp). in addition, the oligopeptide z-d-phe-l-phe-gly, also homologous to f and sp, inhibits mv fusion with target cells. these observations raise the question of whether mv uses the sp receptor (spr) during a specific phase of its infectious cycle. in this report, we examine the structural and functional cons ... | 1990 | 1690758 |
| antigenic modulation of measles subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus in a persistently infected rat glioma cell line by monoclonal anti-haemagglutinin antibodies. | rat glioma c6 cells persistently infected with measles subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus (c6/sspe) express the viral membrane proteins haemagglutinin (ha) and f on their cell surface as well as the intracellular proteins n, p and m. previously we have shown that the addition of a polyclonal antibody against the ha antigen to the growth medium of c6/sspe cells led to a gradual loss of all viral antigens. here we show that the addition of a monoclonal antibody (mab k83) leads only t ... | 1990 | 1693667 |
| paramyxovirus membrane protein enhances antibody production to new antigenic determinants in the actin molecule: a model for virus-induced autoimmunity. | paramyxovirus membrane (m) protein specifically binds to cellular actin but not to bovine serum albumin or myoglobin, as determined by affinity chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the binding site for m protein on actin is different from the binding sites for antiactin antibodies. the interaction of m protein with actin resulted in production of antibodies to several new antigenic sites on the actin molecule. five rabbits immunized with actin alone produced antibodies against t ... | 1990 | 1693699 |
| cloning of human t cells specific for measles virus haemagglutinin and nucleocapsid. | t cell lines specific for measles virus (mv) were generated from blood of two dr1/dr2 heterozygous healthy donors with a history of past measles infection. the antigenic specificity of 66 t cell clones derived from the lines was studied in a blastogenic assay using whole measles virus and two purified virus components, haemagglutinin and nucleocapsid. thirty-nine of the clones were specific for one of the two purified antigens. none of the seven synthetic peptides covering 20% of the mv haemaggl ... | 1990 | 1696862 |
| molecular analysis of structural protein genes of the yamagata-1 strain of defective subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. i. nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas corresponding to the full-length mrna encoding the np protein of the yamagata-1 strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus was determined. the gene is composed of 1683 nucleotides and contains a single large open reading frame, which is capable of encoding 525 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58,399. comparison of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences with those of the edmonston strain of measles virus (mv) showed ... | 1990 | 1698325 |
| molecular analysis of structural protein genes of the yamagata-1 strain of defective subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. ii. nucleotide sequence of a cdna corresponding to the p plus m dicistronic mrna. | the nucleotide sequence of a cloned cdna corresponding to the p + m dicistronic mrna of a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus was determined and compared with data of measles virus (mv). the dicistronic mrna of the sspe virus consisted of the 3' proximal 626 nucleotides of p mrna, intercistronic trinucleotides, a full length of m mrna, and 75 poly a nucleotides. the part encoding the p protein had a high homology to mv, except at the noncoding region. the terminating consensus seque ... | 1990 | 1698326 |
| molecular analysis of structural protein genes of the yamagata-1 strain of defective subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. iv. nucleotide sequence of the fusion gene. | the full-length cdna corresponding to the mrna of the fusion (f) protein of the yamagata-1 strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus was cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the f gene was composed of 2369 nucleotides and contained a single large coding region, which is located between two noncoding regions. the 5'-terminal noncoding region consisted of 584 nucleotides comprising 44.9% cytosine, and had several inverted repetitious sequences. the 3'-termi ... | 1990 | 1698327 |
| characterization of measles virus-induced cellular autoimmune reactions against myelin basic protein in lewis rats. | subacute encephalomyelitis (same) in lewis rats following infection with a neurotropic measles virus (mv) is associated with a cell-mediated autoimmune response (cmai) to myelin basic protein (mbp). mbp-selected cd4+ t cell lines both from measles-infected animals as well as from rats challenged with guinea pig mbp (gp-mbp) had a similar pattern of response in the presence of synthetic peptides to gp-mbp and specifically responded in vitro only to the encephalitogenic and not the non-encephalito ... | 1990 | 1698812 |
| immunological relationships between phocid and canine distemper virus studied with monoclonal antibodies. | the immunological relationships between distemper viruses, isolated from a seal and mink in denmark and from a dog in greenland, were investigated with 39 previously developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against four major structural proteins of canine distemper virus (cdv). they were also investigated with 16 newly developed mabs directed against the fusion (f) and large glycoprotein (named h in analogy with measles virus) of phocid distemper virus (pdv) isolated from a harbour seal ( ... | 1990 | 1698923 |
| diversity of matrix protein in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and measles virus-infected cells. | expression of the viral matrix (m) proteins in vero cells infected with 18 strains of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus and measles virus was examined by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis using an anti-m monospecific serum and two sera against the m protein specific synthetic peptides. by immunocytochemistry using the anti-m monospecific serum, m protein was detected in all of the virus-infected cells regardless of cell-free virus production. m proteins of the seven no ... | 1990 | 1699115 |
| [detection of the measles virus genome in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic and acute glomerulonephritis]. | the presence of the measles (rubeola) virus genome was searched for in the lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients suffering from the acute (16 persons) or chronic (164 persons) glomerulonephritis. dot hybridization technique with the plasmid borne probes to the measles viral genes np, p and h have been used for the search. the measles viral genome has been detected in 58% of lymphocytes from the patients with the chronic glomerulonephritis and in 50% of lymphocytes from the patients s ... | 1990 | 1702185 |
| suppression of interferon-induced oligo-2',5'-adenylate synthetase induction in persistent infection. | persistent infections with several strains of mumps virus (strains torii and miyahara), measles virus (strains edmonston, cam-70, aik-c and schwarz) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus (hälle and mantooth) were established in various cell lines (fl, kb, a549, sk-as, 293, k562, ramos and nc-37). oligo-2',5'-adenylate synthetase activity was demonstrated to be only slightly induced by interferon in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of cell lines persistently infected with mumps vi ... | 1990 | 1703217 |
| persistent measles virus infection in vero and mccoy cell lines. | persistent measles virus infection was established in two cell lines: vero and mccoy. vero cells were infected with a virus that had been propagated five times from an undiluted inoculum. measles virus infection of mccoy cells caused no cytopathic lesions but led to the establishment of persistent infection. haemadsorption (ha) and immunofluorescence (if) results indicated that the majority of vero and mccoy cells carried measles virus antigen localized in the cell membranes. both cell lines rel ... | 1990 | 1703393 |
| analysis of a seal and a porpoise morbillivirus using monoclonal antibodies. | | 1991 | 1706119 |
| detection of phocid distemper virus rna in seal tissues using slot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction amplification assay: genetic evidence that the virus is distinct from canine distemper virus. | slot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) after reverse transcription (rt) were used to detect rna extracted from tissues of seals after naturally occurring disease and experimental infection with phocid distemper virus (pdv). a phosphoprotein (p) gene-specific cdna served as a probe for both slot hybridization and the identification of pcr-generated fragments by southern blotting. as primers for the pcr assay pdv p gene-derived oligonucleotides were used. hybridization, pcr and ... | 1991 | 1707946 |
| identification of epitope(s) on the internal virion proteins of rinderpest virus which are absent from peste des petits ruminants virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) raised against the rbok vaccine strain of rinderpest virus were characterized by radio-immunoprecipitation (ripa) and in the indirect elisa using measles (mv), distemper (cdv), rinderpest (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants viruses (pprv). those found to be specific for the matrix (m) protein and the nucleocapsid (n) protein could be classified into different groups on the basis of the anti-morbillivirus mab classification scheme; a number of these mab showed a selec ... | 1991 | 1709543 |
| immune responses in mice following immunization with chimeric synthetic peptides representing b and t cell epitopes of measles virus proteins. | the immunogenicity of chimeric peptides produced by collinear synthesis to contain both t and b cell epitopes from the fusion protein and the haemagglutinin of measles virus was studied in mice. the t cell epitope used was from the fusion protein (residues 288 to 302), which has been shown to be promiscuous in its binding to mouse major histocompatibility complex molecules. this epitope was coupled by (i) a glycine-glycine spacer to a b cell epitope from the fusion protein (residues 404 to 414) ... | 1991 | 1710646 |
| antigenic and functional characterization of rinderpest virus envelope proteins using monoclonal antibodies. | a total of 24 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the haemagglutinin (h) and the fusion protein (f) of rinderpest virus (rpv) were used to characterize their antigenic structure and biological properties, and to analyse natural variation in the envelope proteins of morbilliviruses. the anti-h and anti-f mabs defined seven and three distinct antigenic sites, respectively. the mabs to six sites on h were able to neutralize the infectivity of rpv. the addition of guinea-pig complement or anti-mous ... | 1991 | 1714940 |
| [2-site competitive immunoenzyme analysis based on monoclonal antibodies for the detection and titration of antihemagglutinating measles antibodies]. | using monoclonal antibodies (mca) to measles virus (strain leningrad-16) hemagglutinin, a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ceia) was developed for the detection and titration of antihemagglutinating antibodies in human sera. serum samples from children, collected in measles foci, were tested in ceia, sp-eia, hi, and pha tests. the results evidence a high correlation of antihemagglutinin titres in ceia and hi tests, the correlation coefficient of ceia and pha being 97.7%. the ceia based on mca to ... | 1991 | 1716391 |
| multiplication of rubella and measles viruses in primary rat neural cell cultures: relevance to a postulated triggering mechanism for multiple sclerosis. | rubella virus multiplied to low titre and produced a partial cytopathic effect in rat glial cell cultures. anti-galactocerebroside staining showed that this cytopathic effect involved the disintegration of oligodendrocytes. a similar effect was produced following infection of myelinating neural cell cultures with rubella virus, but virus multiplication could not be detected in pure neuron cultures. measles virus was found to multiply and produce a cytopathic effect in primary cultures of both ne ... | 1991 | 1719441 |
| characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus. | ten temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants derived from the edmonston strain of measles virus were characterized by the complementation test and were shown to have four defective sites (a, b, c, and d). five ts mutants which were confirmed to have a defective site d, induced neither cytopathic effect (cpe) nor an infectious virus. among the other five ts mutants which produced viral proteins with cpe and showed positive had at 39.5 degrees c, the three ts mutants (p253-505, p333, and f2-104) were st ... | 1991 | 1724677 |
| antibodies to myelin basic protein and measles virus in multiple sclerosis: precursor frequency analysis of the antibody producing b cells. | antibody-producing b lymphocytes were polyclonally activated and transformed, by epstein-barr virus (ebv), into multiple b lymphoblastoid cell lines in a microculture system. the frequencies of b precursor cells producing antibodies to myelin basic protein (mbp) and measles virus were analyzed in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and control subjects. measles virus-specific b cells were detected at a significantly higher frequency in ms patients (n = 10, p less than 0.005 ... | 1991 | 1725965 |
| persistence of immunity against measles in persons immunized with edmonston-zagreb vaccine. | cohorts of 30 children--470 in all--vaccinated against measles 2 to 17 years earlier were tested for measles heminhibiting antibodies. the vaccinees were randomly selected from a semi-urban, semi-rural population where the circulation of the wild measles virus has never been interrupted. the vaccinal status of the vaccinees varied widely, some were vaccinated only once, some twice or even three times, in some the primary vaccination was performed with a measles monovalent and in some with a comb ... | 1991 | 1726513 |
| increased risk of early measles in infants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive mothers. | an increase in illness due to measles is one of the potential consequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic in africa. during a study of perinatal hiv transmission conducted in kenya, the risk of acquiring measles before vaccination (9 months of age) was found to be 3.8 times higher in infants born to hiv-seropositive mothers than in control infants (10 [9%] of 109 vs. 5 [3%] of 194 infants; p = .02; odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-13.2). the majority of infants w ... | 1992 | 1730893 |
| the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of the porcine paramyxovirus lpmv: comparison with other paramyxoviruses revealed the closest relationship to simian virus 5 and mumps virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of the porcine paramyxovirus lpmv, was determined from cdna derived from viral genomic rna. the gene was 1906 nucleotides long including a putative gene end and poly a signal. one long open reading frame was found encoding a protein of 576 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 63,324. the protein contains four potential n-glycosylation sites and a major hydrophobic region near the n-terminal, suggesting a ... | 1992 | 1731697 |
| [a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis developing 8 years after immunosuppressive treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia]. | a 13-year-old girl developed subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) with atypical absence attacks as an initial symptom. eight years earlier she had been treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia with cytotoxic treatment and radiotherapy, which had resulted in complete remission. she was first treated with an anticonvulsant because the atypical absence attacks and the presence of epileptic discharges on an eeg suggested epilepsy. however, with this mode of treatment the epileptic discharges did ... | 1992 | 1731829 |
| measles virus inhibits mitogen-induced t cell proliferation but does not directly perturb the t cell activation process inside the cell. | measles virus (mv) inhibits lymphocyte function in patients, as well as in cells infected in vitro. the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated t lymphocytes is suppressed by in vitro mv infection, as shown by the diminished incorporation of [3h]thymidine into dna and the reduced frequency of cells in the s phase of the cell cycle, as compared with mock-infected cells. mv infection itself, however, does not completely block dna synthesis in infected cells, because infected t cells express ... | 1992 | 1736530 |
| nonreplicating viral vectors as potential vaccines: recombinant canarypox virus expressing measles virus fusion (f) and hemagglutinin (ha) glycoproteins. | the development of canarypox virus (cpv) recombinants expressing the hemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of measles virus (mv) is described. inoculation of the cpv-mv recombinants into avian or nonavian tissue culture substrates led to the expression of authentic mvf and mvha as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation and surface immunofluorescence. in contrast to avian-derived tissue culture, no productive replication of the cpv recombinant was evident in tissue culture cells derived ... | 1992 | 1736535 |
| irreversible modification of measles virus rna in vitro by nuclear rna-unwinding activity in human neuroblastoma cells. | the matrix (m) gene of a measles virus (mv) variant passaged in imr-32 human neuroblastoma cells displays numerous uridine-to-cytosine transitions called biased hypermutation. using an in vitro assay, we show that imr-32 cells contain high levels of an activity which unwinds and irreversibly alters the base pairing of double-stranded rna synthesized from the m gene of mv. this activity is found exclusively in the cellular nucleus and is present at a lower level in african green monkey kidney ver ... | 1992 | 1738207 |
| isolation and characterization of the measles virus strains with low hemagglutination activity. | six measles virus strains were isolated from clinical specimens. they differed from a prototype strain in being incapable to grow in cell lines derived from monkey kidney and having a slower electrophoretic mobility of the hemagglutinin protein and a very low hemagglutination activity. | 1992 | 1740383 |
| measles immunity among community hospital employees. | to define measles immunity rates among employees at 2 hospitals during a community outbreak in 1990. | 1991 | 1753081 |
| evaluation of a commercial measles virus immunoglobulin m enzyme immunoassay. | paired serum samples from 93 patients suspected of having measles were assayed for measles virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies by an enzyme immunoassay (eia), and the results were compared with results from a complement fixation assay and an eia for measles virus igg. by using significant serologic rises as the standard for comparison, the igm eia assay had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 81.3%, a positive predictive value of 95.7%, and a negative predictive value of 54.2%. ... | 1991 | 1757560 |
| haemagglutination inhibition antibody levels one year after natural measles infection and vaccination. | an assessment of haemagglutination inhibition antibody (hai) titres of 1,163 children, comprising 739 recipients of live measles vaccines and 424 patients with natural measles infection after 1 year was made in this investigation. statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the levels of hai antibodies. of the vaccinated children a significant 67.45% showed antibody titres of less than or equal to 1:16, while only 23.48% of children with natural measles showed these antibody titres ... | 1991 | 1758308 |
| [the use of the cluster selection method for assessing the status of immunity to controlled infections (measles, diphtheria and tetanus)]. | the use of the method of cluster selection in mass serological examination makes it possible to obtain statistically significant results with very low expenditures. the coincidence of the results on the number of seronegative children, obtained by the method of cluster selection, with the results of mass serological examination of all children aged 6-7 years in the district (children found to be seronegative to measles constituted 5.5% and 5.0% respectively) is indicative of the statistical sign ... | 1991 | 1759518 |
| [the use of computers and mathematical methods for optimizing epidemic control measures with respect to measles infection]. | the potentialities of computers for the study of the effectiveness of immunization have been demonstrated and the mathematical model for the prediction of the proportion of children, seronegative to measles, derived on the basis of the data on the average measles morbidity in different groups for a given period. a multifactor analysis of a large scope of data obtained in seroepidemiological survey and a retrospective analysis of measles morbidity on the basis of data collected in two districts o ... | 1991 | 1759519 |
| morbillivirus infection in mediterranean striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba). | | 1991 | 1763470 |
| the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid composition of the haemagglutinin and fusion proteins of the morbillivirus phocid distemper virus. | the amino acid composition of the two surface proteins of the recently isolated morbillivirus phocid distemper virus (pdv) were deduced from the nucleotide sequence. the fusion (f) protein of pdv exhibited characteristics similar to those of other morbillivirus f proteins. the overall amino acid similarity with its closest homologue, canine distemper virus (cdv), was 72%. from the context of the starting codons and the requirement for a hydrophobic signal peptide, it is likely that translation o ... | 1991 | 1765768 |
| [efficacy evaluation of measles vaccine in fields]. | the result of determining the effectiveness of measles vaccine is reported. it included 196 samples of measles vaccine from 1986 to 1989 in xiangfang city. there were 14 samples found unqualified. thus we took the relevant measures and the result was rather good. the investigation confirmed that the cold-chain equipment now available had played a guarantee role for the quality of vaccines. in addition, we analysed the cause of the measles vaccine with low titre. the influences of different distr ... | 1991 | 1782660 |
| [an experimental infection of the seal phoca sibirica with the morbilli virus]. | a baikal seal (phoca sibirica) was experimentally infected with baikal seal morbillivirus (bsmv) isolated from baikal seals during an epizootic in 1987-1988. the seal was infected with bsmv with an infectious titer of 10(7.0) tcd50/ml, and daily observations of the animal clinical condition were made. the virus-specific antibodies in the seal serum were determined by elisa and virus neutralization test. the clinical picture showed a mild infection. the elisa-active antibodies were detected 10 da ... | 1991 | 1785189 |
| [vaccinal measles process in children during the manifestations of acute respiratory diseases]. | | 1991 | 1788003 |
| [immunization of healthy children with mumps-rubella bivalent live vaccine and simultaneous vaccination with mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines]. | bivalent virus vaccine, containing rubella tcrb-19 strain and mumps nk-m46 strain (mr vaccine), was administered to a total of 95 healthy children who had already received measles vaccine or had been infected with wild measles virus. the seroconversion rates for rubella and mumps viruses in subjects having no antibody to rubella or to mumps virus were 99% (75/76) and 97% (63/65), respectively, at 6-8 weeks after vaccination. the seroconversion rates for both rubella and mumps in vaccinees initia ... | 1991 | 1791323 |
| thickening the alphabet soup--hepatitis p? | | 1991 | 1791511 |
| [an immunoenzyme test system based on the measles virus obtained by cell cultivation on cytolar-2 microcarriers]. | | 1991 | 1796593 |
| comparison of four techniques of measles diagnosis: virus isolation, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase & elisa. | in an attempt to develop reliable, quick, simple and less expensive methods for diagnosing measles in rural areas, a study was undertaken in december, 1989, at the main health centre in yaoundé, during the measles outbreak, which allowed access to 80 per cent of children living in yaoundé. during the epidemic, 120 cases of measles were detected (clinically diagnosed) among the 1580 children examined. the control group comprised 120 children without symptoms of measles. sick and control children ... | 1991 | 1797639 |
| prostaglandin e2 (pge2) effect upon icp-23 human pulmonary fibroblasts growth in culture and on measles virus multiplication in this cell type. | the influence of pge2 in different concentrations (10(-4)m, 10(-6)m, 10(-8)m) and of 1 mm ampc upon icp-23 human pulmonary fibroblasts and also the influence of pge2 upon measles virus multiplication in the same cell type were studied. pge2 inhibited fibroblasts growth in all administered concentrations, depending on them. ampc adding to human fibroblasts in culture progressively stimulated cells growth in the first 24 hours, produced a steady growth during 24-48-hour interval and slightly inhib ... | 1991 | 1802052 |
| failure to detect paramyxovirus sequences in paget's disease of bone using the polymerase chain reaction. | it is widely believed that paget's disease of bone is due to a "slow virus" infection of osteoclasts with one of the paramyxovirus group. controversy continues to surround the identity of the virus involved, however, since at different times evidence has been presented implicating measles virus (mv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) as putative infective agents. in this study we used the technique of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to ... | 1991 | 1805546 |
| vaccine-preventable respiratory infections in childhood. | in the past decade, immunization rates among preschool-age children in the united states have decreased to levels lower than those in many developing countries. as a result, epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases have occurred, especially in urban areas. six of the infections prevented by immunization--those caused by bordetella pertussis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b, corynebacterium diphtheriae, measles virus, and influenza virus--frequently cause respiratory trac ... | 1991 | 1809999 |
| comparative evaluation of two combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccines based on aik and edmonston- zagreb strains of measles virus. | in a previous paper, we have noticed the effectiveness of two further attenuated measles vaccines, i.e. aik-hdc and edmonston- zagreb- hdc. in the present study the same strains are comparatively used for immunization of a limited number of children under 9 months of age. a seroconversion of 100% was observed. following reimmunization, a significant increase of circulating antibodies for both strains was recorded. two combined measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccines were also produced by using the ... | 1991 | 1811112 |
| receptors for binding measles virus on host cells and erythrocytes. | | 1991 | 1813775 |
| elimination of maternal antibodies against measles (is the policy of vaccinating children younger than nine months of age suitable for turkey?). | maternal antibodies against measles in 223 healthy children aged 22 to 31 weeks were studied. the ratio of children with detectable antibodies declined from 61.4 percent at 22-23 weeks of age to 20 percent at 26-27 weeks of age. since the minimum proportion of antibody-positive children (15.6% at 26-27 weeks of age) is still higher than the optimum proportion (5%), the schwarz vaccine which is used mostly in measles immunization seems not to be effective to obtain a high seroconversion rate in o ... | 1991 | 1814038 |
| [quantitative and qualitative changes in the immunoglobulins of hiv-infected children]. | in hiv-infected children impairment of b lymphocytes appears to precede the t cell deficiency, elevated but dysfunctional immunoglobulins being a hallmark of pediatric infection. electrophoretic and immunochemical data obtained with samples from 91 cases of aids in children aged 7-36 months in p2 clinical stage are reported. in 21 children successive samples were obtained at each 3-4 months for a one-year follow-up. in electrophoresis low albumin level and marked increase of globulins level were ... | 1991 | 1814429 |
| subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | a retrospective study of 36 confirmed cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) was carried out to detect any variation in the clinical and eeg patterns previously described. there were 31 males and 5 females, aged 4 to 24 years. onset of sspe at or after 15 years of age was observed in 22.2% of cases. rapid progression of the disease was observed in 52%. the first symptom was myoclonus in 61.6%, mental regression in 22.2% and generalised seizures in 11.1% of cases. low positive measle ... | 1991 | 1816221 |
| serological studies on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | this study reports the clinical picture and measles virus antibody titres in 32 patients with cases of suspected subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe). the history of myoclonic jerks, mental regression, inability to walk and slurred speech, were noted in these cases. the eeg showed generalised periodic complexes in twenty nine patients and only in three patients the eeg was not available. in all the above mentioned patients measles occurred at an early age (within a year). | 1991 | 1818880 |
| [placental transfer of antibodies in africa and protection of the newborn]. | | 1991 | 1819392 |
| [comparative serological efficacy of the measles vaccine strains edmonston-zagreb, schwarz and aik-c in togolese infants of 4-5 months and 8-10 months]. | to examine the value of vaccinating children against measles at age 4-5 months three groups of children in togo were randomly assigned to receive high-dose edmonston-zagreb, high-dose schwarz, or aik-c vaccines at that age. two other groups were vaccinated at age 8-10 months, with either the standard schwarz vaccine or the same batch of aik-c as for early immunization. for the 55% of children who were seronegative before vaccination at age 4-5 months, the seroconversion rates were 96% with the a ... | 1991 | 1819435 |
| [a new combined vaccine against yellow fever and measles in infants aged 6 to 24 months in mali]. | in a rural area in mali, 453 children were randomly enrolled in a study comparing the safety and the immunogenicity of a combined yellow-fever-measles freeze dried vaccine with each yellow-fever and measles separate administration. children were divided in 2 populations 4-8 and 12-24 month old. 249 were controlled for measles (inhibition of hemagglutination) and yellow-fever (seroneutralization) antibodies. seroconversion rates for measles were 82% when administrated before 9 months and 100% whe ... | 1991 | 1819436 |
| [antibodies to measles virus in blood sera of individuals who were not verified as having been infected with the virus (years 1984-1989)]. | a total of 1302 sera were collected from the cases with eliminated current measles virus infection. the hi antibody titre to measles virus was determined in the sera and the results were analyzed depending of the patient age and the year of collection. statistic analysis exhibited correlation between incidence of measles infections and changes of the antibody level in population (r = 0.93, po less than 0.001). problems of significant decreasing of immunity in high vaccinated populations and reva ... | 1991 | 1819809 |
| [interpretation of the results of identification of measles virus antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with suspected subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe)]. | clinical diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis+ (sspe) requires laboratory confirmation relying on an evaluation of immune response in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) to measle virus. in our study a comparison of antibody level for this virus by elisa and haemagglutination inhibition test was made in materials derived from 1396 patients with sspe, sclerosis multiplex, acute measles++ neuroinfections and other diseases of central nervous system (cns). statistical analysis permit ... | 1991 | 1823377 |
| measles virus nucleocapsid protein protects rats from encephalitis. | lewis rats immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the nucleocapsid (n) protein of measles virus were protected from encephalitis when subsequently challenged by intracerebral infection with neurotropic measles virus. immunized rats revealed polyvalent antibodies to the n protein of measles virus in the absence of any neutralizing antibodies as well as an n protein-specific proliferative lymphocyte response. depletion of cd8+ t lymphocytes did not abrogate the protective potential o ... | 1991 | 1825854 |
| [loss of maternal measles antibodies acquired by vaccination against measles]. | the objective of the investigation was to assess whether children of mothers who acquired measles antibodies resp. immunity by vaccination are at least for the first six months of their life protected by maternal antibodies. a group of fifty pregnant women mean age 18 years incl. their umbilical blood and blood of their children, mostly 5-6 months after birth, were examined by the haemagglutination inhibition and immunoenzymatic test. the levels of measles antibodies were detected in 11 women im ... | 1991 | 1828716 |
| vaccinia virus recombinants expressing either the measles virus fusion or hemagglutinin glycoprotein protect dogs against canine distemper virus challenge. | cdna clones of the genes encoding either the hemagglutinin (ha) or fusion (f) proteins of the edmonston strain of measles virus (mv) were expressed in vaccinia virus recombinants. immunofluorescence analysis detected both proteins on the plasma membranes of unfixed cells as well as internally in fixed cells. immunoprecipitation of metabolically radiolabeled infected-cell extracts by using specific sera demonstrated a 76-kda ha polypeptide and gene products of 60, 44, and 23 kda which correspond ... | 1991 | 1830113 |
| efficacy of individual measles virus structural proteins in the protection of rats from measles encephalitis. | lewis rats were immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the nucleocapsid (n), phospho (p), matrix (m), fusion (f), and haemagglutinin (h) proteins of measles virus (mv). animals developed humoral as well as cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses to the corresponding mv proteins. rats immunized with recombinants vvn, vvf or vvh survived a mv challenge infection whereas vvp- and vvm-immunized rats were only partially protected. in vivo depletion of cd8+ t lymphocytes did not preven ... | 1991 | 1833505 |
| [the effect of nematode invasiveness in children on postvaccinal immunity]. | | 1991 | 1836830 |
| [transplacental measles immunity in infants in the 1st year of life]. | a total of 187 parturients (66 with a history of measles and 121 immunized with live measles vaccine, or lmv, in childhood) and their 187 newborn infants, as well as 195 children aged up to 1 year, were examined. antimeasles antibodies in blood sera were detected in the hemagglutination inhibition test. in all mothers with a history of measles and in their newborn infants antimeasles antibodies in different titers were detected. in mothers, formerly immunized with lmv, antimeasles antibodies wer ... | 1991 | 1839342 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for measles antibody. a comparison with haemagglutination inhibition, immunofluorescence and plaque neutralization tests. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for measles antibodies was compared with plaque neutralization (prn), haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests in 181 sera from vaccinated children and umbilical cord. of 179 positive samples by the sensitive prn, only two, with titers of 8, were negative by elisa (copositivity of 98.9%). ifa and hi presented, respectively, copositivities of 93.3% and 82.7%. the elisa presented a high sensitivity as well as a good reprodu ... | 1991 | 1843394 |
| gamma interferon expression and major histocompatibility complex induction during measles and vesicular stomatitis virus infections of the brain. | lymphocytic interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigen induction were studied in experimental measles and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in the brain. fifteen-day-old sprague-dawley rats injected intracerebrally with the hnt strain of measles virus showed already within 1 day after infection an increased number of cells producing ifn-gamma in the spleen, cervical lymph nodes and leptomeninges. these rats recovered after a transient neuronal ... | 1991 | 1845767 |
| inclusion body myositis and paramyxoviruses. | inclusion body myositis (ibm) is a distinct type of muscle disease. the characteristic electron microscopic findings, intranuclear or intracytoplasmic inclusions composed of microtubular filaments, morphologically resemble paramyxovirus nucleocapsids. these findings and the reported immunoreactivity of the inclusions with mumps virus antibodies have suggested that inclusion body myositis is a chronic virus infection. we analyzed skeletal muscle specimens from three patients with characteristic l ... | 1991 | 1845865 |
| sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of pneumonia virus of mice: sequence comparisons suggest structural homology between nucleocapsid proteins of pneumoviruses, paramyxoviruses, rhabdoviruses and filoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of gene 3 of pneumonia virus of mice has been determined, and the 5' end of the mrna mapped using a modification of the polymerase chain reaction technique. the gene contains a single open reading frame, beginning with a 5'-proximal aug initiation codon, encoding a polypeptide with a predicted mr of 43141. expression of the gene 3 protein in escherichia coli and in vitro showed that it reacted with virus-specific antiserum and comigrated with the major nucleocaps ... | 1991 | 1848602 |
| [the isolation of the morbilli virus from the baikal seal phoca sibirica and its preliminary characterization]. | a morbillivirus was isolated from the organs of a seal (phoca sibirica) which had died during 1987-1988 epizootic in baikal. this baikal seal morbillivirus (bsm) was adapted to vero cell cultures in which it induced a cytopathic effect developing to complete destruction of the monolayer. typing of bsm was done by indirect immunofluorescence test and enzyme immunoassay using antibodies to distemper and measles viruses. a method for virus concentration and purification was developed. according to ... | 1991 | 1858357 |
| mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. | from october 1988 to april 1989, a large mumps outbreak occurred in douglas county, kansas. of the 269 cases, 208 (77.3%) occurred among primary and secondary school students, of whom 203 (97.6%) had documentation of mumps vaccination. attack rates were highest for students attending junior high school (8.0%), followed by high school (2.0%) and elementary school (0.7%). a retrospective cohort study conducted at one junior high school with an attack rate of 12.9% did not find age at vaccination o ... | 1991 | 1861205 |
| molecular events in measles virus infection of the central nervous system. | | 1991 | 1864706 |
| use of immunofluorescence to identify measles virus infections. | monoclonal antibody to measles virus was used successfully to identify measles virus antigen directly in clinical specimens, as well as in cell cultures. pooled nasopharyngeal-throat swab specimens had a higher yield than throat swabs or urine samples for virus detection. use of a549 cell cultures in the spin amplification vial assay proved to be highly efficient, allowing virus recognition within 1 to 2 days of inoculation. a combination of appropriately collected specimens, which includes a na ... | 1991 | 1864932 |
| [the cytochemical marking of lymphocyte subpopulations in determining the immunoreactivity status of children vaccinated with a live measles vaccine]. | in 54 children aged 1.5-2 years, immunized with the same batch of live measles vaccine prepared from strain, the relative and absolute numbers of different lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in parallel by means of two cytochemical reactions: for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase in their dynamics. according to the data obtained in these reactions, the determination of lymphocyte subpopulations by two cytochemical methods in the same blood sample yielded similar re ... | 1991 | 1867034 |
| [transient alkaline hyperphosphatasemia in childhood. a report of 4 clinical cases and etiopathogenetic hypotheses]. | the paper reports four cases of idiopathic transient alkaline hyperphosphatasemia during episodes of acute infection of presumable viral etiology. it is interesting to note that one patient present a exanthematous febrile reaction to an anti-measles vaccination, which seems to confirm that the measles virus may be one of the possible causal factors of the pathology. the assay of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes showed an increase in the three hepatic, bone and intestinal fractions, thus excluding ... | 1991 | 1870542 |
| changes of the immunological patterns against measles, mumps and rubella. a vaccination programme studied 3 to 7 years after the introduction of a two-dose schedule. | a two-dose vaccination programme using a combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (mmr) and administration at the ages of 18 months and 12 years was introduced in 1982. the 12-year-old schoolchildren were tested yearly from 1985 to 1989 on serum samples obtained prior to and after vaccination. each year between 420 and 756 children were tested. the method used for antibody testing was the haemolysis-in-gel (hig) assay. for measles also the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the neu ... | 1991 | 1872016 |
| enhancement of in vivo and in vitro t cell response against measles virus haemagglutinin after its incorporation into liposomes: effect of the phospholipid composition. | artificial phospholipid bilayer vesicles were tested for their capacity to enhance the priming and the restimulation of mouse t cells against the haemagglutinin (h) glycoprotein of the measles virus in vivo and in vitro. h glycoprotein was purified and incorporated into liposomes made of cholesterol, dicetylphosphate and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (dlpc) or distearoylphosphatidylcholine (dspc). h in dlpc or dspc-liposomes was found to be a potent in vivo stimulator of lymph node t cells harves ... | 1991 | 1872018 |
| measles virus specific antibody in infants in a highly vaccinated society. | measles virus specific antibody levels were measured in infants from 2 to 12 months of age. the sera were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), neutralization (nt), and enzyme immunoassay (eia) methods. the results of this study indicate that in the population examined, infants at an early age have very low or no immunity of maternal origin to measles virus-93% of the infants were without detectable neutralizing antibody (nt titer less than or equal to 10) at 6 months of age, and by the en ... | 1991 | 1880496 |
| evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassays for detection of specific antibodies to measles virus. | monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin protein, fusion protein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and nucleoprotein of measles virus were evaluated as detector antibodies in capture enzyme immunoassays (eias) for the detection of specific serum immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies to measles virus. a pool of monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin protein and nucleoprotein proved optimal and was further evaluated. specific igm was detected in 97% of adolescents with clinical measles, ... | 1991 | 1885743 |
| the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the attachment protein of canine distemper virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the attachment protein of the convac strain of the canine distemper virus (cdv), corresponding to the haemagglutinin (h) gene of measles virus was determined using a mrna-derived cdna clone and genomic viral rna. the mrna transcribed from the cdv h gene is 1944 nucleotides long excluding the polyadenylated tail. only one long open reading frame was found comprising nucleotides 21-1841. the predicted protein has a single hydrophobic region which can ... | 1991 | 1891961 |
| [a case of measles meningoencephalitis with marked increase of plasma cells in cerebrospinal fluid]. | marked increase of plasma cells in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was observed in a 22-year-old female patient with measles meningoencephalitis. typical measles exanthema was followed, 3 days later, by neurological abnormalities such as confusion, severe meningeal signs and bilateral pyramidal signs. immunological examination showed slight elevation of igg, normal t cell subsets and nk cell activity in peripheral blood. the antibody titer of measles was 32x in serum (4x after 2 months). csf contained ... | 1991 | 1893675 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the matrix protein of two wild-type measles virus strains. | the nucleotide sequences of the matrix protein (m) genes of two wild-type measles virus (mv) isolates (jm and cm) have been determined and shown to differ in 56 positions; 31 of these differences are located in the non-coding region and 25 in the coding region of the gene. most (80%) of the mutations in the coding region are changes to the third base of a codon. a maximum parsimony analysis of the available m gene nucleotide sequences allowed the construction of a tree with at least three lineag ... | 1991 | 1895065 |
| synthesis of leader rna and editing of the p mrna during transcription by purified measles virus. | a transcription system with detergent-disrupted purified measles virus was developed. synthesis of authentic, full-length measles virus n, p, m, and f mrnas by purified virus occurred as identified by dot-blot hybridization analysis of individual measles virus clones and gel electrophoresis. the relative abundance of the first five viral mrnas synthesized in vitro decreased significantly with their distance from the 3' end. the addition of the soluble protein fraction from uninfected a549 cells ... | 1991 | 1895388 |
| retraction. functional and nonfunctional measles virus matrix genes from lethal human brain infections. | | 1991 | 1895410 |
| b95a, a marmoset lymphoblastoid cell line, as a sensitive host for rinderpest virus. | we reported earlier that b95a, an epstein-barr virus-transformed marmoset b lymphoblastoid cell line, is more susceptible to infection with measles virus than other cells. the cell line also was found to be susceptible to infection with the lapinized nakamura iii (l) strain of rinderpest virus and various strains derived from it. the b95a cell line was therefore the only host cell system available for the propagation and quantification of the l strain. in contrast to the adaptation of the l stra ... | 1991 | 1900885 |
| prevaccination serologic screening for measles in health care workers. | a model was developed from which the cost-effectiveness of prevaccination serologic screening for measles could be estimated, for any combination of antibody screening costs and prevalence of antibody to measles. this model was tested using sera obtained prospectively from 222 health care workers, including 181 born in or after 1957 who had no history of measles, no measles vaccine after 1980, and no documentation of immunity to measles. in addition, 41 subjects born before 1957 who had no histo ... | 1991 | 1901334 |
| measles, killer of millions in developing countries: strategy for rapid elimination and continuing control. | measles, which is still killing about two million children a year in poor countries, was mostly eliminated within two to three months after the conclusion of a special, national mass vaccination campaign in which all children of a selected age group received measles vaccine subcutaneously during a period of days to months, regardless of a history of previous vaccination or measles. this strategy was tested in the dominican republic in 1985, in cuba in 1986-87, and in the state of são paulo, braz ... | 1991 | 1902797 |
| canine distemper virus localised in bone cells of patients with paget's disease. | the technique of in situ hybridisation was applied using radioactively labelled riboprobes to examine for the presence of canine distemper (cdv) and measles (mv) rna in paget's disease of bone. the results indicate that in 41% of paget's patients, cdv rna could be detected in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, but not in controls. in contrast, rna to the measles virus was not detected. we suggest that cdv may in some cases play a role in the aetiology of paget's disease. | 1991 | 1910961 |
| cytokine production in vitro and the lymphoproliferative defect of natural measles virus infection. | in natural measles virus infection, evidence of intense immune system activation is present simultaneously with clinically relevant immune suppression. while evidence of activation is most prominent early in the disease, skin test responses and in vitro lymphoproliferation are depressed for weeks after the onset of the rash. it is not known whether the prolonged period of reduced immune responsiveness results from a single defect or a succession of different abnormalities. to gain further insigh ... | 1991 | 1914259 |
| retraction. infectious measles virus from cloned cdna. | | 1991 | 1915308 |
| immunoblot for densitometric estimation of antibodies (idea): a useful method for quantification of intrathecally produced antibodies against individual antigens in infectious diseases of the central nervous system. | intrathecally produced antibodies specific for the infectious agent can be shown by immunoblot. a quantification is practicable by titration. densitometric evaluation of the immunoblot by a new technique, idea (immunoblot for densitometric estimation of antibodies), does not only render titration unnecessary, but also has the advantage of presenting the differentiated local immune response against individual antigens of the infectious agent. preliminary studies for the densitometric evaluation w ... | 1991 | 1918324 |
| humoral recall responses in hiv infection. levels, specificity, and affinity of antigen-specific igg. | to evaluate the integrity of humoral immunologic memory among persons with hiv infection, we measured the levels, specificity, and functional affinity of circulating antibodies to vaccine-related recall ag, tetanus (tt) and diphtheria toxoids (dt), and to naturally acquired measles virus, in sera from 17 hiv-seronegative control subjects, 17 asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients, and 10 patients with aids. preimmunization levels of tt- and measles-specific igg were similar in all groups, althou ... | 1991 | 1918947 |
| assembly of nucleocapsidlike structures in animal cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant encoding the measles virus nucleoprotein. | a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the measles virus nucleoprotein gene was shown to induce the synthesis of a 60 kda phosphorylated nucleoprotein similar to authentic measles virus nucleoprotein. mammalian or avian cells infected with the recombinant virus displayed tubular structures reminiscent of viral nucleocapsids both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. such structures could be labelled in situ by using an immunogold detection method specific for measles virus proteins. electron mic ... | 1991 | 1920633 |
| rubeola during pregnancy. | we report three cases of rubeola during pregnancy complicated by pneumonia. all had bacterial superinfection of the lungs and a clinically mild hepatitis. one woman delivered at term and two underwent successful tocolysis, one of whom had an unexplained stillbirth 7 weeks later. rubeola virus is not a teratogen, although it has been associated with increased spontaneous abortion and perinatal mortality. | 1991 | 1923230 |
| do measles early giant cells result from fusion of non-infected cells? an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study in a case of morbillous appendicitis. | a case of acute appendicitis with features of measles inflammatory reaction is studied. two types of lymphoid polykaryons are seen: warthin finkeldey cells inside germinal centres (ln1 ++, ln2 +, l26 +, mb1 +, mb2 +/-) and multinucleate plasma cells in the lamina propria (mu +, alpha ++, kappa +, lambda +). both types of polykaryon are devoid of inclusions. the search for viral genetic information by in situ hybridization was negative in these cells. a positive signal was observed in interfollic ... | 1991 | 1926766 |
| slow measles encephalitis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | a 10-year-old boy with subacute sclerosing panencehalitis (sspe) is presented. the diagnosis was confirmed by typical clinical picture, electroencephalographic changes, post-mortem pathohistological study and high titer of measles antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. serum to cerebrospinal fluid ratio of measles antibody titers was 16. the determination of measles antibody titer in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, by using complement fixation and hemagglutinin inhibition tests, should ... | 1991 | 1932443 |