| canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores: a review. | canine distemper virus is a member of the genus morbillivirus in the family paramyxoviridae. canine distemper has been recorded in domestic dogs for centuries. it is now recognized as a worldwide problem of carnivores and has the second highest fatality rate of any infectious disease, after rabies, in domestic dogs. the importance of this disease in nondomestic animals has become evident with vaccine-induced infections in a variety of species and large-scale epidemics in captive and free-ranging ... | 2000 | 11428391 |
| tyzzer's disease in a red panda (ailurus fulgens fulgens). | a debilitated 9-yr-old female red panda (ailurus fulgens fulgens) with a recent history of corticosteroid administration displayed anorexia, depression, and diarrhea for 2 days. blood work revealed a moderate nonregenerative anemia, leukocytosis, hypokalemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. serology was negative for occult heartworm, toxoplasma gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency vi ... | 2000 | 11428405 |
| the antiviral resistance and replication of cidofovir-resistant adenovirus variants in the new zealand white rabbit ocular model. | to determine the antiviral resistance of three cidofovir (cdv)-resistant variants of adenovirus type 5 (ad5) and their ability to replicate in the new zealand white rabbit ocular model. | 2001 | 11431446 |
| comparison of immunoperoxidase plaque staining and neutralizing tests for canine distemper virus. | the use of immunoperoxidase plaque staining (ip) in the antibody test for canine distemper virus (cdv) and its diagnostic value were investigated. antibody titres by the ip test and neutralizing test (nt) against cdv were compared in 114 specific pathogen-free (spf) dogs, including 84 cdv-vaccinated and 30 unimmunized dogs. all of the unimmunized dogs, which had negative nt titres, also showed negative ip titres, and all of the cdv-vaccinated dogs, which had positive nt titres, showed positive i ... | 2001 | 11432432 |
| antibody testing against canine coronavirus by immunoperoxidase plaque staining. | the application of the immunoperoxidase (ip) plaque staining procedure (ip test) to the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection was investigated. the ip test did not react with sera from either 15 specific pathogen-free (spf) dogs or 7 spf dogs immunized with a multivalent vaccine, including canine parvovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and canine parainfluenza virus. to compare the ip test with the neutralizing test (nt), sera from 240 healthy dogs and from ... | 2001 | 11432433 |
| cidofovir in the treatment of hpv-associated lesions. | the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir (cdv) has proved efficacious in the treatment of different clinical manifestations of hpv-induced epithelial cell proliferation. local intratumor injections of cdv in an immunocompetent patient with hypopharyngeal/esophageal papillomatous lesions, pcr-positive for hpv types 16 and 18, resulted in a complete regression of the tumor. similarly, cdv, injected locally in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis resulted in complete disappearance ... | 2001 | 11436421 |
| seroepidemiological survey of distemper virus infection in the caspian sea and in lake baikal. | forty caspian seals were surveyed seroepidemiologically between 1993 and 1998 around the times of mass mortality that occurred in 1997 in the caspian sea and seven baikal seals were also surveyed in 1998. virus neutralizing tests and elisa clearly suggested that distemper virus epidemic was caused in caspian seals before the spring of 1997 and that cdv infection continued to occur in lake baikal in recent years. | 2001 | 11470542 |
| the humoral immune response to recombinant nucleocapsid antigen of canine distemper virus in dogs vaccinated with attenuated distemper virus or dna encoding the nucleocapsid of wild-type virus. | this study compared the humoral immune response against the nucleocapsid-(n) protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) of dogs vaccinated with a multivalent vaccine against parvo-, adeno-, and parainfluenza virus and leptospira combined with either the attenuated cdv onderstepoort strain (n = 15) or an expression plasmid containing the n-gene of cdv (n = 30). the vaccinations were applied intramuscularly three times at 2-week intervals beginning at the age of 6 weeks. none of the pre-immune sera r ... | 2001 | 11475904 |
| down regulation of melanin concentrating hormone in virally induced obesity. | obesity is a complex disease involving genetic components and environmental factors and probably associated with the dysregulation of central homeostasis normally maintained by the hypothalamic neuroendocrine/neurotransmitter network. we previously reported that canine distemper virus (cdv), which is closely related to human measles virus, can target hypothalamic nuclei, and lead to obesity syndrome in the late stages of infection. here, using differential display pcr, we demonstrate specific do ... | 2001 | 11476954 |
| morbillivirus infection of the mouse central nervous system induces region-specific upregulation of mmps and timps correlated to inflammatory cytokine expression. | viral infection of the central nervous system (cns) can result in perturbation of cell-to-cell communication involving the extracellular matrix (ecm). ecm integrity is maintained by a dynamic balance between the synthesis and proteolysis of its components, mainly as a result of the action of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timps). an mmp/timp imbalance may be critical in triggering neurological disorders, in particular in virally induced neural d ... | 2001 | 11483772 |
| molecular properties of the matrixprotein(m) gene of the lapinized rinderpest virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the matrixprotein (m) gene of the lapinized rinderpest virus (rpv-l) was determined. the full-length cdna of the rpv-l m gene is composed of 1460 base pairs and is supposed to contain an open reading frame of 1005 nucleotides encoding on m protein of 335 amino acids. the homology of the predicted amino acid among congeneric morbilliviruses such as rpv kabete 'o' strain (wild strain of rpv), rpv rbok strain (vaccine strain of rpv for cattle), measles virus (mv), and can ... | 2001 | 11503909 |
| cidofovir in aids-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a monocenter observational study with clinical and jc virus load monitoring. | a monocenter observational study was conducted to determine the clinical and virological effects of cidofovir added to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) in aids-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). exposure to other anti-viral drugs or late initiation of cidofovir were exclusion criteria. of the 53 consecutive patients with virologically proven pml admitted at the neuroaids unit of bicêtre hospital between may 1996 and july 2000 and having received haart with ... | 2001 | 11517420 |
| partial protection and intrathecal invasion of cd8(+) t cells in acute canine distemper virus infection. | initial non-inflammatory demyelination in canine distemper virus infection (cdv) develops against a background of severe immunosuppression and is therefore, thought to be virus-induced. however, recently we found a marked invasion of t cells throughout the central nervous system (cns) in dogs with acute distemper despite drastic damage to the immune system. in the present study, this apparent paradox was further investigated by immunophenotyping of lymphocytes, following experimental cdv challen ... | 2001 | 11574169 |
| identification of canine helper t-cell epitopes from the fusion protein of canine distemper virus. | the fusion protein of canine distemper virus (cdv-f), a 662 amino-acid envelope protein, was used as the target molecule for identification of canine t helper (th) epitopes. a library of 94 peptides, each 17 residues in length overlapping by 10 residues and covering the entire sequence of cdv-f, was screened using a lymphocyte proliferation assay with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from dogs inoculated with canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine. initially we observed low and i ... | 2001 | 11576221 |
| glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap)-immunoreactive astrocytes in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | an experiment based on astrocyte immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) was designed to determine whether the astrocyte response in canine distemper encephalitis (cde) was associated with the age of the animal, type of lesion and the cerebellar region affected. four histopathological types of cde lesion were examined, namely acute (11 dogs), acute with necrosis (four dogs), subacute (22 dogs) and chronic (six dogs). the animals were divided into three age groups, namely, 0-2 ... | 2001 | 11578123 |
| infectobesity: obesity of infectious origin. | in the u.s., the prevalence of obesity increased by 30% from 1980 to 1990, and this increase appears to be continuing. although obesity has multiple etiologies, an overlooked possibility is obesity of an infectious origin. six pathogens are reported to cause obesity in animals. canine distemper virus was the first virus reported to cause obesity in mice, followed by rous-associated virus-7, an avian retrovirus, which has been shown to cause stunting, obesity and hyperlipidemia in chickens. next, ... | 2001 | 11584109 |
| predictive efficacy of scid-hu mouse models for treatment of human cytomegalovirus infections. | there are few animal models to evaluate the in vivo activity of new compounds against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections, as virus replication is largely limited to human cells. in our studies, we have utilized scid mice implanted with human tissue (scid-hu) and inoculated with hcmv as models for infections of the eye or visceral organs in an immunocompromised host. for the ocular model, fetal human retinal tissue was implanted in the anterior chamber of the scid mouse eye and inoculated 6- ... | 2001 | 11594682 |
| molecular evolution of viral fusion and matrix protein genes and phylogenetic relationships among the paramyxoviridae. | phylogenetic relationships among the paramyxoviridae, a broad family of viruses whose members cause devastating diseases of wildlife, livestock, and humans, were examined with both fusion (f) and matrix (m) protein-coding sequences. neighbor-joining trees of f and m protein sequences showed that the paramyxoviridae was divided into the two traditionally recognized subfamilies, the paramyxovirinae and the pneumovirinae. within the paramyxovirinae, the results also showed groups corresponding to t ... | 2001 | 11603943 |
| association between cancer chemotherapy and canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs. | to determine the association between cancer chemotherapy and serum canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs. | 2001 | 11697366 |
| sequence analysis of measles virus nucleocapsid transcripts in patients with paget's disease. | it has been debated for almost 30 years whether paget's disease of bone results from paramyxoviral infection of osteoclasts (ocs). paramyxoviral-like nuclear inclusions are found in ocs from patients with paget's disease, and measles virus (mv) or canine distemper virus (cdv) messenger rna (mrna) transcripts have been detected by in situ hybridization in bone cells from pagetic lesions. furthermore, immunocytochemical studies have shown the presence of several paramyxoviral species in ocs from p ... | 2002 | 11771661 |
| central asia. caspian ecology teeters on the brink. | | 2002 | 11799219 |
| canine distemper infections, with special reference to south africa, with a review of the literature. | canine distemper virus is a member of the genus morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae that causes severe disease in dogs and a range of wild mammals. the clinical signs relate essentially to the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. in south africa, infection with ehrlichia canis and canine parvovirus may present similarly many dogs will initially present with a wide range of central nervous system signs without any history of systemic disease. a recent south african s ... | 2001 | 11811699 |
| relation of clinical signs to pathological changes in 19 cases of canine distemper encephalomyelitis. | in an attempt to associate the clinical neurological syndromes with the neuropathological features of canine distemper (cd), 19 spontaneous cases with neurological involvement were examined, before and after euthanasia. seventeen dogs were less than one year of age and all except two (89.4%) were unvaccinated against cd. various extraneural signs associated with cd encephalomyelitis (cde) were seen in 15 dogs. generalized or localized myoclonus was the most common sign observed (13/19). seventee ... | 2002 | 11814321 |
| development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy and antibody response in a litter of vaccinated weimaraner puppies. | two different vaccination protocols were compared with regard to the development of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (hod) (also termed metaphyseal osteopathy) and effectiveness of immunisation in a litter of 10 weimaraner puppies. five puppies (group 1) were vaccinated with a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine (cpv) and then two weeks later with a trivalent vaccine containing modified live canine distemper virus and adenovirus type 2 combined with a leptospira bacterin (dhl). the cpv and dhl va ... | 2002 | 11833821 |
| demyelination precedes oligodendrocyte loss in canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a negative-stranded rna morbillivirus, causes a persistent infection within the central nervous system resulting in a progressive, multifocal demyelinating disease. demyelination is thought to be caused by a selective alteration of the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. metabolic impairment and morphological changes of the oligodendrocytes after cdv infection have previously been observed in vitro as well as in vivo. until now it has been suggested that the oligoden ... | 2002 | 11837742 |
| rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses exhibit neurovirulence in mice. | members of the morbillivirus genus, canine distemper (cdv), phocine distemper virus (pdv), and the cetacean viruses of dolphins and porpoises exhibit high levels of cns infection in their natural hosts. cns complications are rare for measles virus (mv) and are not associated with rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection. however, it is possible that all morbilliviruses infect the cns but in some hosts are rapidly cleared by the immune response. in this study, ... | 2002 | 11847591 |
| expression of a foreign gene by recombinant canine distemper virus recovered from cloned dnas. | a canine distemper virus (cdv) genomic cdna clone and expression plasmids required to establish a cdv rescue system were generated from a laboratory-adapted strain of the onderstepoort vaccine virus. in addition, a cdv minireplicon was prepared and used in transient expression studies performed to identify optimal virus rescue conditions. results from the transient expression experiments indicated that minireplicon-encoded reporter gene activity was increased when transfected cell cultures were ... | 2002 | 11864746 |
| [adjuvant properties of subalin, a recombinant interferon-producing probiotic]. | the adjuvant properties of subalin, a recombinant probiotic prepared from live bacteria bacillus subtilis producing human alpha 2-interferon were studied in the scheme of its use with vaccines against parvovirus enteritis and distemper. subalin was shown to be capable of preventing immunosuppression caused by the injection of vaccines, accelerating the formation of the antigen-specific clone of memory cells and enhancing antigen-specific immune response. the mechanisms of the adjuvant effect of ... | 2001 | 11881504 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of pnu-183792, a 4-oxo-dihydroquinoline, against human and animal herpesviruses. | we identified a novel class of 4-oxo-dihydroquinolines represented by pnu-183792 which specifically inhibit herpesvirus polymerases. pnu-183792 was highly active against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv, ic(50) value 0.69 microm), varicella zoster virus (vzv, ic(50) value 0.37 microm) and herpes simplex virus (hsv, ic(50) value 0.58 microm) polymerases but was inactive (ic(50) value >40 microm) against human alpha (alpha), gamma (gamma), or delta (delta) polymerases. in vitro antiviral activity again ... | 2002 | 11888654 |
| distemper outbreak and its effect on african wild dog conservation. | in december 2000, an infectious disease spread through a captive breeding group of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tanzania, killing 49 of 52 animals within 2 months. the causative agent was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv) by means of histologic examination, virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. this report emphasizes the importance of adequate protection against infectious diseases for the successful outcome of capt ... | 2002 | 11897078 |
| enhanced inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication in vitro by alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir. | the nucleotide phosphonates cidofovir (cdv) and cyclic cidofovir (ccdv) are potent antiviral compounds when administered parenterally but are not well absorbed orally. these compounds have been reported to have activity against orthopoxvirus replication in vitro and in animal models when administered parenterally or by aerosol. to obtain better oral activity, we synthesized a novel series of analogs of cdv and ccdv by esterification with two long-chain alkoxyalkanols, 3-hexadecyloxy-1-propanol ( ... | 2002 | 11897580 |
| elevated concentrations of trace elements in caspian seals (phoca caspica) found stranded during the mass mortality events in 2000. | concentrations of v, mn, fe, cr, co, cu, zn, as, se, mo, ag, cd, tl, hg, pb, and organic mercury (org-hg) were determined in liver, kidney, and muscle of healthy caspian seals ( phoca caspica) collected in 1998. these concentrations were compared with those of seals infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) found stranded along the coastal areas in 2000. concentrations of toxic elements (as, ag, cd, tl, hg, pb, and org-hg) in caspian seals stranded in 2000 were comparable or lower than those of ... | 2002 | 11910465 |
| organochlorine and organotin compounds in caspian seals (phoca caspica) collected during an unusual mortality event in the caspian sea in 2000. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine pesticides and organotin compounds were determined in the blubber and liver of caspian seals (phoca caspica) found stranded on the coast of the caspian sea during an outbreak of canine distemper virus (cdv) in 2000. among organochlorines analyzed, ddts were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 6.3 to 470 microg/g on a lipid-weight basis. caspian seals collected in 2000 during the epizootic had higher concentrations of or ... | 2002 | 11911523 |
| amino-terminal precursor sequence modulates canine distemper virus fusion protein function. | the fusion (f) proteins of most paramyxoviruses are classical type i glycoproteins with a short hydrophobic leader sequence closely following the translation initiation codon. the predicted reading frame of the canine distemper virus (cdv) f protein is more complex, with a short hydrophobic sequence beginning 115 codons downstream of the first aug. to verify if the sequence between the first aug and the hydrophobic region is translated, we produced a specific antiserum that indeed detected a sho ... | 2002 | 11932382 |
| influence of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus. | to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs by measuring postvaccinal serum concentrations of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus. | 2002 | 11939308 |
| increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lack of up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in early distemper cns lesions. | to investigate the pathogenesis of early lesions in canine distemper virus (cdv) leukoencephalomyelitis, the expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interferon (ifn)-gamma and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta and the housekeeping genes beta-actin and gapdh were studied using semi-quantitative rt-pcr. relative cytokine values were related to the degree of cdv infection, mhc class ii ... | 2002 | 11960638 |
| pneumocystosis associated with canine distemper virus infection in a mink. | an adult mink from a farm experiencing 100% mortality in affected animals was submitted for diagnostic examination. clinical history included signs of respiratory disease, oculonasal discharge, and thickening of footpads. canine distemper virus and pneumocystis carinii were identified in lung tissue, suggesting immunosuppresion and secondary infection due to morbillivirus disease. | 1999 | 12001338 |
| detection and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus (cdv) from free-ranging red foxes in italy. | fragments of the genes encoding the haemoagglutinin (h) and the nucleocapsid protein (n) of a canine distemper (cdv)-like virus affecting a red fox (vulpes vulpes) were sequenced and analysed. the cdv-like virus detected in the fox was found to be not dissimilar, in both the h and n gene, from other cdvs spreading in italy, as well as all over the world, and phylogenetic analysis on the h protein-encoding gene allowed to include all the italian cdvs in the h european genotype. | 2002 | 12005452 |
| the morbillivirus receptor slam (cd150). | morbilliviruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause some of the most devastating viral diseases of humans and animals, including measles virus (mv), canine distemper virus (cdv), and rinderpest virus (rpv). they replicate mainly in lymphoid organs throughout the body and cause severe immunosuppression accompanied with lymphopenia. we have recently shown that human, canine, and bovine signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (slams; also known as cd150) act as cellular receptors for mv, c ... | 2002 | 12008921 |
| clinical and serological response of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) to vaccination against canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and rabies. | wild dogs lycaon pictuis (n = 8) were vaccinated 4 times against canine distemper (n = 8) (initially with inactivated and subsequently with live attenuated strains of canine distemper) and canine parvovirus infection (n = 8) over a period of 360 days. four of the wild dogs were also vaccinated 3 times against rabies using a live oral vaccine and 4 with an inactivated parenteral vaccine. commercially-available canine distemper, canine parvovirus and parenteral rabies vaccines, intended for use in ... | 2002 | 12088076 |
| complement-mediated neutralization of canine distemper virus in vitro: cross-reaction between vaccine onderstepoort and field kdk-1 strains with different hemagglutinin gene characteristics. | the properties of neutralization of antigens of canine distemper virus onderstepoort and a recent field isolate, kdk-1, were investigated with strain-specific dog sera. a conventional neutralization assay indicated antigenic dissimilarity between the strains; however, when guinea pig complement was included in the reaction mixture, the strains were neutralized with not only the homologous but also the heterologous antibodies. | 2002 | 12093697 |
| application of n-pcr for diagnosis of distemper in dogs and fur animals. | the immunofluorescence test, routinely used for laboratory diagnosis of canine distemper virus (cdv) in poland, is not sufficiently sensitive and specific. therefore, the application of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), nested pcr (n-pcr) and southern blot hybridization for detection of phosphoprotein (p) gene of cdv in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) or internal organs of dogs and fur animals was the aim of these studies. the optimal parameters for two-step pc ... | 2002 | 12119141 |
| alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir exhibit multiple-log enhancement of antiviral activity against cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus replication in vitro. | the incidence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis is declining in aids patients but remains a significant clinical problem in patients with organ transplants and bone marrow transplants. prophylaxis with ganciclovir (gcv) or valganciclovir reduces the incidence of cmv disease but may lead to the emergence of drug-resistant virus with mutations in the ul97 or ul54 gene. it would be useful to have other types of oral therapy for cmv disease. we synthesized hexadecyloxypropyl and octadecyloxyethyl d ... | 2002 | 12121908 |
| postpartum live virus vaccination: lessons from veterinary medicine. | pregnant rubella-susceptible women are often revaccinated during the postpartum period with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (mmr). it is known that the rubella virus from vaccine is secreted in breast milk and persists in the nose and throat for up to 28 days but it is not known whether the measles and mumps viruses are similarly secreted. it is probable the measles virus from vaccine is. | 2002 | 12208153 |
| vaccination of puppies born to immune dams with a canine adenovirus-based vaccine protects against a canine distemper virus challenge. | none of the currently available distemper vaccines provides a satisfactory solution for the immunization of very young carnivores in the face of maternal-derived immunity. since mucosal immunization with replication-competent adenovirus-based vaccines has been proven effective in the face of passive immunity against the vector, it has the potential to provide a solution for the vaccination of young puppies born to canine distemper virus (cdv)-immune dams. we report the engineering and the charac ... | 2002 | 12297394 |
| interactions among antiviral drugs acting late in the replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus. | this study describes the extent of cross-resistance and interactions for selected inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna synthesis and dna processing. hcmv isolates resistant to the benzimidazole d-ribonucleoside viral dna processing inhibitors tcrb and bdcrb were sensitive to bay 38-4766, a non-nucleoside inhibitor of viral dna processing. this indicates that these two drug types have distinct interactions with the products of hcmv genes ul56 and ul89 required for viral dna cleavage and ... | 2002 | 12323400 |
| sequence changes in the human adenovirus type 5 dna polymerase associated with resistance to the broad spectrum antiviral cidofovir. | although there is currently no fda approved antiviral treatment for adenovirus (ad) infections, the broad spectrum antiviral cidofovir (cdv) has demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against many ad serotypes in vitro and in an in vivo ocular replication model. the clinical potential of cdv prompted the assessment for the emergence of cdv resistance in ad5. serial passage of ad5 in increasing concentrations of cdv resulted in derivation of four different ad5 variants with increased resistance ... | 2002 | 12323401 |
| emerging morbillivirus infections of marine mammals: development of two diagnostic approaches. | in the last 13 years, four viruses belonging in the morbillivirus genus of the paramyxoviridae family have emerged as significant causes of disease and mortality in marine mammals. the viruses involved are canine distemper virus (cdv) in seals and polar bears, dolphin morbillivirus (dmv) and porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) in cetaceans, and phocine distemper virus (pdv) in pinnipeds. the two cetacean morbilliviruses (dmv and pmv) are now considered to be the same viral species, named cetacean morbi ... | 2002 | 12381563 |
| membrane fusion tropism and heterotypic functional activities of the nipah virus and hendra virus envelope glycoproteins. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are novel paramyxoviruses from pigs and horses, respectively, that are responsible for fatal zoonotic infections of humans. the unique genetic and biological characteristics of these emerging agents has led to their classification as the prototypic members of a new genus within the paramyxovirinae subfamily called henipavirus: these viruses are most closely related to members of the genus morbillivirus and infect cells through a ph-independent membrane fu ... | 2002 | 12388678 |
| comparative efficacy of a canine distemper-measles and a standard measles vaccine for immunization of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | measles virus (mv), a highly infective paramyxovirus, has caused sporadic epizootics characterized by high morbidity and increased mortality in nonhuman primates. measles vaccines for human use, although effective, are cost prohibitive for use in primate colonies. we compared the efficacy of one or two doses of vanguard d-m, a canine distemper-measles (cd-m) vaccine, with a single dose of attenuvax, a human measles vaccine. compared with 81% of animals inoculated with attenuvax, all animals inoc ... | 2002 | 12405642 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the thymidine kinase of acv-resistant hsv-1 derived from an acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex virus type 1 strain. | twenty-four strains of acyclovir (acv)-resistant (acv(r)) herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were generated from the hsv-1 tas strain by exposure to acv, and the genotype and phenotype of the thymidine kinase (tk) from these mutants were analyzed. the tk polypeptide of the acv(r) hsv-1 strains was examined by western blot using an anti-hsv-1 tk rabbit serum. the sensitivity of each strain to acv, foscarnet and cidofovir (cdv) was also determined. a single guanine (g) insertion or a single cytos ... | 2002 | 12406508 |
| distribution of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the cerebellum in canine distemper virus infection. | the cerebella of eight dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) and two normal dogs were examined immunohistochemically for glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-hsd). the clinical diagnosis of canine distemper was confirmed histopathologically and by the immunohistochemical demonstration of cdv antigen. in all dogs (healthy and infected), the purkinje cells of the cerebellum were immunolabelled for 3beta-hsd activity. in infected d ... | 2002 | 12443737 |
| cell type-dependent cytokine expression after canine distemper virus infection. | canine cells of different histogenesis were infected with the onderstepoort strain of distemper virus (cdv) to study the effect of viral infection on cytokine production. included were primary brain cells, dermal fibroblasts, and two cell lines, dh 82 cells (macrophage-like) and epithelial madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. all cultures produced infective virus. mdck cells had the lowest percentage of cdv-antigen positive cells, and infection did not cause a significant increase of cell dea ... | 2002 | 12479398 |
| [ferrets in veterinary practice]. | ferrets (mustela putorius furo) show up with increasing frequency in veterinary practice. originally domesticated for hunting of rodents and rabbits, they became very popular pets which require legal permission though and the further fulfillment of various husbandry needs. ferrets have to be maintained on a high protein diet which in practice is often done with commercial feline products. physical examination is similar to dogs and cats whereas the frequent occurrence of non-specific symptoms re ... | 2002 | 12481538 |
| natural distemper in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in warsaw. | two hundred and twenty-four dogs with clinical signs of distemper were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus (cdv) in mucous membranes by direct immunofluorescence assay. the study showed that 22% of the animals were cdv-positive. most (33/50; 66%) of the infected dogs had never been vaccinated against distemper, whereas only 11 of 50 (22%) cdv-positive animals were immunized at least once. the difference in the infection rate between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals was statist ... | 2002 | 12489707 |
| approaches in the understanding of morbillivirus neurovirulence. | certain members of the morbillivirus genus, canine distemper virus, phocine distemper virus, and the cetacean viruses of dolphins and porpoises exhibit high levels of central nervous system (cns) infection in their natural hosts. cns complications are rare for measles virus (mv) and are not associated with rinderpest virus (rpv) and peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection. however, both rpv and pprv are neurovirulent in permissive murine strains. human postmortem tissue, neural cell cu ... | 2002 | 12491157 |
| anti-insulin antibodies in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus. | the presence of anti-insulin antibodies was determined by elisa in serum samples from 30 diabetic dogs receiving bovine insulin therapy and 30 normoglycaemic dogs. twenty of the diabetic dogs had significant reactivity to both bovine (heterologous) and porcine (homologous) insulin compared to control dogs. in contrast there was no significant difference between the two populations in reactivity to canine distemper virus (cdv) or canine thyroglobulin. the high degree of correlation between anti-b ... | 2003 | 12507850 |
| a pilot study of cidofovir in patients with kaposi sarcoma. | a clinical trial was conducted to test the activity of cidofovir (cdv), a drug with in vitro activity against kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in ks. five patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated ks (4 receiving antiretroviral therapy) and 2 patients with classical ks were administered cdv (5 mg/kg/dose) weekly for 2 weeks and then every other week. all 7 patients had progression of their ks at a median of 8.1 weeks (range, 5-27 weeks). skin biopsy specimens of ks ... | 2003 | 12508160 |
| [combined use of killed vaccines and immunomodulator ridostin for urgent prevention of epidemic stomatitis, aujeszky disease and carnivore plague in experiment]. | results of experimental studies of mice and pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, minks infected with aujeszky's disease virus, and dogs infected with canine distemper virus are described. in animals with foot-and-mouth disease and aujeszky's disease, combined treatment with killed vaccine and immunomodulator ridostin by the scheme of urgent prophylaxis (3 days before infection) caused 75% (foot-and-mouth disease) and 100% (aujeszky's disease) prevention of animal death and developmen ... | 2002 | 12508681 |
| canine distemper of vaccine origin in european mink, mustela lutreola--a case report. | cases of canine distemper (cd) related to vaccination of exotic carnivores extend over three decades and have been described in at least nine different species. our report describes a case of acute cd in a european mink, mustela lutreola, vaccinated with live attenuated cd vaccine licensed for use in fur-farmed mink. the male mink died of an acute grey matter disease with an unusually long incubation period. a female vaccinated at the same time showed no obvious signs of illness. the diagnosis w ... | 2003 | 12523990 |
| serologic survey for viral and bacterial infections in western populations of canada lynx (lynx canadensis). | a serologic survey for exposure to pathogens in canada lynx (lynx canadensis) in western north america was conducted. samples from 215 lynx from six study areas were tested for antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, yersinia pestis, and francisella tularensis. a subset of samples was tested for feline immunodeficiency virus; all were negative. for all other pathogens, evidence for exposure was found in at least o ... | 2002 | 12528455 |
| prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus among red foxes in luxembourg. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has a wide host spectrum, and during the past years, distemper has been observed in species that were previously not considered to be susceptible. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of cdv-specific antibodies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) sampled between may and november 1997. about 9 to 13% of the luxembourg red fox population is positive for antibodies against cdv. thus a sizeable proportion of red foxes has been exposed to cdv in the wild. the significan ... | 2002 | 12528458 |
| apoptosis in canine distemper. | canine distemper is a systemic viral disease characterized by immunosuppression followed by secondary infections. apoptosis is observed in several immunosuppressive diseases and its occurrence on canine distemper in vivo has not been published. in this study, the occurrence of apoptosis was determined in lymphoid tissues of thirteen naturally infected dogs and nine experimentally inoculated puppies. healthy dogs were used as negative controls. samples of lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and brain wer ... | 2003 | 12536301 |
| vaccination of puppies with a lipid-formulated plasmid vaccine protects against a severe canine distemper virus challenge. | we assessed whether the formulation of a dna vaccine expressing the canine distemper virus (cdv) hemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) immunogens with the cationic lipid dmrie-dope could induce serological responses and protection against a severe cdv challenge in the dog. although clear protection was observed in dogs vaccinated with formulated plasmids only limited cdv specific antibody titers were observed in protected dogs before challenge, suggesting that protection could be explained by cell-m ... | 2003 | 12559786 |
| cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity specific for hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus in dogs. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus (cdv) were evaluated in dogs using the replication-deficient adenovirus protein expression system. skin fibroblasts were isolated from two dogs and were infected with recombinant adenovirus bearing the cdv-h gene (ade-cdvh). ctl assay was performed using fibroblasts expressing cdv-h protein as target cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) collected from the same dogs one week after immunization of ... | 2003 | 12576714 |
| increased antiviral activity of 1-o-hexadecyloxypropyl-[2-(14)c]cidofovir in mrc-5 human lung fibroblasts is explained by unique cellular uptake and metabolism. | recently, there has been renewed interest in finding orally active drugs against smallpox. cidofovir (cdv) given by parenteral injection has been shown to protect against lethal poxvirus infection. we have been interested in the synthesis and evaluation of orally active derivatives of cdv. previous studies showed that the cdv and cyclic cidofovir (ccdv) analogs 1-o-hexa-decyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv) and 1-o-hexadecyloxypropyl-ccdv (hdp-ccdv), show >100-fold increases in antiviral activity versus ... | 2003 | 12606777 |
| canine distemper virus in river otters in british columbia as an emergent risk for coastal pinnipeds. | | 2003 | 12625539 |
| supplementation of food with enterococcus faecium (sf68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs. | the gut microflora play a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host, including maturation of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues during the first months of life. oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) modulates the immune system of humans and some laboratory animals. this effect has never been examined in dogs; therefore, our aim was to study the capacity of a probiotic lab to stimulate immune functions in young dogs. puppies were allotted to two groups recei ... | 2003 | 12672936 |
| development of a semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the retrospective diagnosis of canine distemper virus infection. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 14 dogs were used to test the utility of a newly developed semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for canine distemper virus (cdv). the results from this new test were compared with those of histopathologic examination, fluorescent antibody detection (fa), and immunohistochemistry (ihc). the semi-nested rt-pcr protocol was used to detect cdv rna in 9 of the 10 cases that were positive by at least 1 of the im ... | 2002 | 12680643 |
| serologic survey for antibodies to canine distemper virus in collared peccary (tayassu tajacu) populations in arizona. | in 1989, a disease outbreak was observed among collared peccaries (javelina, tayassu tajacu) in southern arizona (usa) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was isolated from affected animals. subsequently, 364 sera were collected from hunter-harvested javelina over a 4 yr period (1993-96) and were tested for antibody to cdv. neutralizing antibody to cdv was detected in 58% of the serum samples suggesting that cdv infection is probably enzootic in the collared peccary populations of southern arizona. | 2003 | 12685087 |
| a comparison of in situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and in situ-rt-pcr for the detection of canine distemper virus rna in paget's disease. | previous evidence implicating paramyxoviruses in the aetiopathology of paget's disease of bone has proved controversial. whilst several groups have demonstrated paramyxoviruses using techniques such as in situ hybridisation (ish), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and in situ-rt-pcr (is-rt-pcr), others have found no evidence of viruses using only rt-pcr. to investigate this latter finding, we have now compared detection of canine distemper virus by ish, rt-pcr (three diff ... | 2003 | 12711070 |
| evaluation of oral and subcutaneous delivery of an experimental canarypox recombinant canine distemper vaccine in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni). | we assessed the safety and efficacy of an experimental canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus (cdv) subunit vaccine in the siberian polecat (mustela eversmanni), a close relative of the black-footed ferret, (m. nigripes), an endangered species that is highly susceptible to the virus. siberian polecats were randomized into six treatment groups. recombinant canine distemper vaccine was administered s.c. at three dose levels (10(4.5), 10(5.0), and 10(5.5) plaque-forming units [pfu] p ... | 2003 | 12723797 |
| a canine distemper outbreak in alaska: diagnosis and strain characterization using sequence analysis. | vaccination with modified-live vaccines has been very effective in reducing the incidence of canine distemper, a disease that can be devastating in unvaccinated populations. a diagnostic submission to the animal health diagnostic laboratory at michigan state university, east lansing, michigan, involved a case in which several hundred dogs in an alaskan town died in a suspected canine distemper outbreak. cytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with canine distemper ... | 2003 | 12735343 |
| determination of antiviral efficacy against lymphotropic herpesviruses utilizing flow cytometry. | epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv-6), and human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) comprise a group of lymphotropic herpesviruses which are responsible for a wide range of diseases, including lymphoproliferative disorders and tumors. we have developed several flow cytometric assay (facs) systems to evaluate antiviral efficacy against ebv, hhv-6 and hhv-8. assays using either ebv or hhv-8, members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, have shown that while ebv responds well to acyclovi ... | 2003 | 12742575 |
| [canine distemper virus--an agent looking for new hosts]. | canine distemper is caused by the canine distemper virus (cdv), a rna virus belonging to the genus morbillivirus of the family paramyxoviridae. the genus morbillivirus includes measles virus, rinderpest virus and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. the host spectrum of cdv, which includes numerous families of carnivores, has been changed in the last years and distemper-like diseases have been observed in numerous other species. these include epidemics in large felids, marine mammals and javelinas. ... | 2003 | 12756952 |
| evaluation of a dot elisa kit for measuring immunoglobulin m antibodies to canine parvovirus and distemper virus. | a dot elisa for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdc) and canine parvovirus (cpv) was assessed. the titres of igm antibodies to cdv and cpv in 100 dogs were measured by the immunocomb elisa kit and compared with the results derived from the immunofluorescence assay (ifa). there was a strong correlation between the results of the dot elisa technique and the ifa (p < 0.001). the dot elisa kit was also used to assess the changes in the levels of immunogl ... | 2003 | 12762487 |
| a new paraclinical csf marker for hypoxia-like tissue damage in multiple sclerosis lesions. | recent studies on the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis revealed a heterogeneity in the patterns of demyelination, suggesting interindividual differences in the mechanism responsible for myelin destruction. one of these patterns of demyelination, characterized by oligodendrocyte dystrophy and apoptosis, closely mimics myelin destruction in acute white matter ischaemia. in the course of a systematic screening for virus antigen expression in multiple sclerosis brains, we identified a monoclona ... | 2003 | 12764056 |
| broad spectrum anti-rna virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. | seven polyoxotungstates substituted with vanadium or titanium atoms were examined for their activity against flaviviridae (dengue fever virus, dfv), orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus type a, fluv-a), paramyxoviridae (respiratory syncytial virus, rsv, parainfluenza virus type 2, pfluv-2 and canine distemper virus, cdv) and lentiviridae (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) families. among the seven polyoxotungstates examined, pm-43 [k(5)[sivw(11)o(40)]], pm-47 [k(7)[bvw(11)o(40)]], and pm- ... | 2003 | 12767474 |
| serologic response of maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) to canine and canine parvovirus vaccination distemper virus. | this study evaluated the immune response of 47 (22 males, 25 females) captive maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) to modified-live canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus (onderstepoort and rockborn strains) vaccines. sera were collected from 33 adults and 14 pups, including five free-ranging pups captured at 1 yr of age or younger. all the adults and four captive-born pups had been vaccinated prior to this first blood collection. virus neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition assays ... | 2001 | 12790399 |
| evaluation of nucleoside phosphonates and their analogs and prodrugs for inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication. | in the event of a bioterrorism attack using smallpox virus, there currently is no approved drug for the treatment of infections with this virus. we have reported previously that (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc) (also known as cidofovir [cdv]) has good activity against poxvirus infections; however, a major limitation is the requirement for intravenous administration. two related acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (anps), adefovir (pmea) and tenofovir (pmpa), are active ag ... | 2003 | 12821467 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of two strains of lion (panthera leo)-adapted canine distemper virus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) caused epizootics in lions (panthera leo) in tanzania's serengeti national park in 1994 and in captive lions and other panthera spp. in the usa in 1991-1992. in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to compare viral distribution in tissues collected from ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with one of the two lion-derived cdv isolates, either from serengeti (a94-11/13) or from california (a92-27/20). the california isolate resulted in severe morbidity in a ... | 2003 | 12824519 |
| mechanism of reduction of virus release and cell-cell fusion in persistent canine distemper virus infection. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a mobillivirus related to measles virus causes a chronic progressive demyelinating disease, associated with persistence of the virus in the central nervous system (cns). cns persistence of morbilliviruses has been associated with cell-to-cell spread, thereby limiting immune detection. the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread remains uncertain. in the present study we studied viral spread comparing a cytolytic (non-persistent) and a persistent cdv strain in cell cultures ... | 2003 | 12827396 |
| drug resistance patterns of recombinant herpes simplex virus dna polymerase mutants generated with a set of overlapping cosmids and plasmids. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna polymerase (pol) mutations can confer resistance to all currently available antiherpetic drugs. however, discrimination between mutations responsible for drug resistance and those that are part of viral polymorphism can be difficult with current methodologies. a new system is reported for rapid generation of recombinant hsv type 1 (hsv-1) dna pol mutants based on transfection of a set of overlapping viral cosmids and plasmids. with this approach, twenty hsv-1 recom ... | 2003 | 12829822 |
| mollusks as a natural reservoir of morbilliviruses. | | 2003 | 12854417 |
| apoptosis in the cerebellum of dogs with distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv) may induce multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system of infected dogs. the pathogenesis of this process is not clear. the present work identifies the presence of apoptotic cells in white and grey matter of dogs'cerebellum, naturally infected with cdv. fifteen dogs with clinical signs of canine distemper that tested positive for cdv nucleoprotein were used. brain specimens were processed and embedded in paraffin. sections 5 microm thick were stained with ... | 2003 | 12864896 |
| speaking out. | | 2003 | 12873020 |
| canine distemper, a re-emerging morbillivirus with complex neuropathogenic mechanisms. | paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide variety of diseases both in humans and in animals. common to many paramyxoviruses is the fact that they can cause neurological symptoms in their final host. newly discovered paramyxoviruses, such as the hendra and nipah viruses, show the same pattern of pathogenesis as that of the paramyxoviruses already known. canine distemper virus (cdv) is a well-studied member of the genus morbillivirus. study of the neuropathogenesis of cdv might give insight into ... | 2003 | 12885204 |
| sequence analysis of the fragment of the phosphoprotein gene of polish distemper virus isolates. | the nucleotide sequence analysis of the 429 bp fragment of the p gene of 11 polish field isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv), reference strains and other virus isolates available in the genbank was the aim of the studies. high homology between all dog strains from east-southern region of poland and reference strains of cdv was demonstrated. it was estimated as 97-100 % for cdv-ond; 96.7-99.8 % for cdv-rock; 96.7-99.8 % for cdv-led and 96.3-97.9 % for a75-17. the 100 % homology of the nucleo ... | 2003 | 12898335 |
| serologic survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from two ecologically distinct areas of utah. | the influence of habitat and associated prey assemblages on the prevalence of canine diseases in coyotes (canis latrans) has received scant attention. from december 1997 through december 1999, we captured 67 coyotes in two ecologically distinct areas of utah (usa): deseret land and livestock ranch and us army dugway proving ground. these areas differ in habitat and prey base. we collected blood samples and tested for evidence of various canine diseases. prevalence of antibodies against canine pa ... | 2003 | 12910777 |
| histidine at position 61 and its adjacent amino acid residues are critical for the ability of slam (cd150) to act as a cellular receptor for measles virus. | signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam, also known as cd150), a membrane glycoprotein involved in lymphocyte activation, has two extracellular immunoglobulin superfamily domains, v and c2. it has been shown previously that human slam is a cellular receptor for measles virus (mv) and that its v domain is necessary and sufficient for receptor function. although mouse slam has functional and structural similarity to human slam, it hardly acts as a receptor for mv. by producing human/mouse ... | 2003 | 12917459 |
| phase-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in demyelinating canine distemper encephalitis. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are zinc- and calcium-dependent enzymes that cleave molecules of the extracellular matrix, and thus are able to open the blood-brain-barrier and affect myelin. their inhibitors (timps) are important candidates for the therapy of demyelinating diseases. to establish an immunohistochemical profile of mmp and timp expression in plaque variants in dogs with spontaneous demyelinating distemper encephalitis, paraffin-embedded cerebella were studied employing the avidin ... | 2003 | 12920537 |
| esterification of cidofovir with alkoxyalkanols increases oral bioavailability and diminishes drug accumulation in kidney. | smallpox was eradicated by vaccination in the 1970s. however, concerns have arisen about the potential use of variola virus as a biological weapon. most of the world's population has little residual immunity because systematic vaccination against smallpox ceased in the early 1970s. vaccination of key elements of the population against smallpox is again being considered. however, there are now large numbers of persons who cannot be safely vaccinated with the current vaccine because of aids, immun ... | 2003 | 12927306 |
| efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper virus in vero cells expressing canine slam (cd150) and their adaptability to marmoset b95a cells. | we have previously shown that canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam; also known as cd150) acts as a cellular receptor for canine distemper virus (cdv). in this study, we established vero cells stably expressing canine slam (vero.dogslamtag cells). viruses were isolated in vero.dogslamtag cells one day after inoculation with spleen samples from five out of seven dogs with distemper. by contrast, virus isolation with reportedly sensitive marmoset b95a cells was only successful from ... | 2003 | 12941904 |
| canine distemper virus infection: proliferation of canine footpad keratinocytes. | the proliferation of footpad keratinocytes of canine distemper virus (cdv)-infected dogs was investigated. footpads of 19 dogs inoculated experimentally with a virulent distemper strain (a75/17) and of two noninoculated control dogs were collected at necropsy. dogs were divided into four groups according to results of the postmortem examination: dogs with severe distemper (group 1), dogs with mild distemper (group 2), inoculated dogs without distemper (group 3) and noninoculated dogs (group 4). ... | 2003 | 12949417 |
| sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus: editing of the gene transcript. | the gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the vaccine strain of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) virus (nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain) has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence been determined. this gene is 1655 nucleotides long and encodes two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). translation from the first aug would produce a polypeptide of 509 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 54.9 kda, the longest of the published morbillivirus p proteins. translation from the second aug ... | 2003 | 12951268 |
| incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with distemper or rabies vaccine: 143 cases (1995-2001). | to determine the incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with a modified-live avian cell culture canine distemper virus vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, an inactivated rabies vaccine licensed for use in ferrets, or both. | 2003 | 12959385 |
| immunohistochemical detection of canine distemper virus in haired skin, nasal mucosa, and footpad epithelium: a method for antemortem diagnosis of infection. | a reliable antemortem diagnostic method is needed for determining infection with canine distemper virus (cdv). the utility of immunohistochemical detection of cdv antigen was examined was examined for samples of nasal and footpad epithelium and haired skin in dogs with and without detectable cdv antigen in the lung and/or brain. tissues from 57 dogs at risk of cdv infection were tested. viral antigen was found in the lung and/or brain of 28 dogs. among these dogs, viral antigen was demonstrated ... | 1999 | 12968751 |
| n-linked glycans with similar location in the fusion protein head modulate paramyxovirus fusion. | n-linked glycans not only orchestrate the folding and intracellular transport of viral glycoproteins but also modulate their function. we have characterized the three glycans attached to fusion (f) proteins of the morbilliviruses canine distemper virus and measles virus. the individual morbillivirus glycans have similar functional properties: the glycan at position 68 is essential for protein transport, and those at positions 36 and 75 modulate fusion (numbering according to the newcastle diseas ... | 2003 | 12970405 |
| canine distemper virus complex. | | 1954 | 13132901 |
| preliminary studies on canine distemper virus. | | 1953 | 13147277 |