| neither lions nor tigers: disorders which lie between schizophrenia and affective disorder. | are schizophrenia and major affective disorders truly distinct conditions? the answer remains debatable, but it is suggested that lack of recognition of intermediate disorders is a factor in preventing an authoritative answer to the question. | 2013 | 3607709 |
| [subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a lion (panthera leo)]. | a subcutaneous growth developed on the left side of a zoo lion. the growth enlarged over a period of 3 months. a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma was made on account of the history, clinical and histological examinations. the lion was killed 3 weeks after surgical removal of the tumour. the autopsy showed no evidence of metastases. a foreign body (wire) was discovered in the abdominal cavity but no association was found between the lesion caused by the wire and the malignancy. | 2014 | 4078839 |
| lsd lion loses to m.i.t. mauler. | | 2016 | 4869995 |
| verminous pneumonia in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | | 2016 | 4937313 |
| use of megestrol acetate in african lions (panthera leo). | | 1986 | 261012 |
| oxygen cost of swimming in a trained california sea lion. | | 1976 | 236115 |
| immobilisation of free-ranging galapagos sea lions (zalophus californianus wollebaeki). | nine free-ranging galápagos sea lions were immobilised for marking, using a combination of ketamine (3 to 5 mg per kg) and xylazine (0.5 to 1.0 mg per kg). the degree of effect depended largely on the animals' behavioural and physiological state before immobilisation (after parturition, high arousal, subject to aggression, etc.) all nine animals survived. overheating in the immobilised state may quickly result in heart and circulatory failures. | 2004 | 516341 |
| the east anglian eye bank. | the first corneal bank in east anglia is located at the bupa hospital in norwich, a joint venture between nhs, bupa and the lions clubs international (district 101 ea). there was insufficient space to accommodate the bank at the west norwich hospital where the ophthalmic department is situated and so, at the suggestion of the bupa hospital manager, mr paul hanke, it came to the bupa colney lane site. | 2007 | 1802078 |
| co-infection with anaplasma platys, bartonella henselae and candidatus mycoplasma haematoparvum in a veterinarian. | during a two year period, a 27-year-old female veterinarian experienced migraine headaches, seizures, including status epilepticus, and other neurological and neurocognitive abnormalities. prior to and during her illness, she had been actively involved in hospital-based work treating domestic animals, primarily cats and dogs, in grenada and ireland and anatomical research requiring the dissection of wild animals (including lions, giraffe, rabbits, mongoose, and other animals), mostly in south af ... | 2013 | 23587235 |
| predominant leptospiral serogroups circulating among humans, livestock and wildlife in katavi-rukwa ecosystem, tanzania. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and a serious, under-reported public health problem, particularly in rural areas of tanzania. in the katavi-rukwa ecosystem, humans, livestock and wildlife live in close proximity, which exposes them to the risk of a number of zoonotic infectious diseases, including leptospirosis. | 2015 | 25806825 |
| novel adenovirus detected in captive bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) suffering from self-limiting gastroenteritis. | adenoviruses are common pathogens in vertebrates, including humans. in marine mammals, adenovirus has been associated with fatal hepatitis in sea lions. however, only in rare cases have adenoviruses been detected in cetaceans, where no clear correlation was found between presence of the virus and disease status. | 2015 | 25888777 |
| marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea. | marine mammals play crucial ecological roles in the oceans, but little is known about their microbiotas. here we study the bacterial communities in 337 samples from 5 body sites in 48 healthy dolphins and 18 healthy sea lions, as well as those of adjacent seawater and other hosts. the bacterial taxonomic compositions are distinct from those of other mammals, dietary fish and seawater, are highly diverse and vary according to body site and host species. dolphins harbour 30 bacterial phyla, with 2 ... | 2016 | 26839246 |
| electron microscopic, genetic and protein expression analyses of helicobacter acinonychis strains from a bengal tiger. | colonization by helicobacter species is commonly noted in many mammals. these infections often remain unrecognized, but can cause severe health complications or more subtle host immune perturbations. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize putative novel helicobacter spp. from bengal tigers in thailand. morphological investigation (gram-staining and electron microscopy) and genetic studies (16srrna, 23srrna, flagellin, urease and prophage gene analyses, rapd dna fingerprinting and ... | 2013 | 23940723 |
| pathology in captive wild felids at german zoological gardens. | this retrospective study provides an overview on spontaneous diseases occurring in 38 captive wild felids submitted for necropsy by german zoological gardens between 2004 and 2013. species included 18 tigers, 8 leopards, 7 lions, 3 cheetahs and 2 cougars with an age ranging from 0.5 to 22 years. renal lesions, predominantly tubular alterations (intra-tubular concrements, tubular degeneration, necrosis, intra-tubular cellular debris, proteinaceous casts, dilated tubuli) followed by interstitial ( ... | 2015 | 26086731 |
| epidemiology of brucella infection in the human, livestock and wildlife interface in the katavi-rukwa ecosystem, tanzania. | brucellosis is a zoonosis of public health importance worldwide. in tanzania, the disease is underreported due to insufficient awareness, inadequate diagnostic protocols, including lack of appropriate reagents for diagnosis. livestock and wildlife are considered potential sources of infection to humans; however, the role played by these carriers in the epidemiology of the disease in the ecosystems in tanzania is not fully understood. the objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of ... | 2015 | 26253151 |
| survival of child after lion attack. | injuries to humans caused by attacks from large predators are very rare, especially in the united states, europe, or latin america. a few cases were reported on accidents in zoos or animal farms, being very uncommon in children. the purposes of this report include describing the case of a child who sustained an attack by a lion named "bang-bang", which resulted in injuries to the head, chest, and abdomen, as well as the subsequent neurosurgical treatment and providing a review of the literature. | 2013 | 23869277 |
| nasal, oral and rectal microbiota of black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus). | black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus) are endangered callithrichids. their conservation may require future translocations or reintroductions; however these approaches involve risks of pathogen introduction in the environment and stress-related opportunistic infections in these animals. in order to screen for opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbiota, ten free-ranging and ten captive black lion tamarins were studied and the results compared. nasal, oral and ... | 2014 | 25763064 |
| epitope insertion at the n-terminal molecular switch of the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus t = 3 capsid protein leads to larger t = 4 capsids. | viruses need only one or a few structural capsid proteins to build an infectious particle. this is possible through the extensive use of symmetry and the conformational polymorphism of the structural proteins. using virus-like particles (vlp) from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) as a model, we addressed the basis of calicivirus capsid assembly and their application in vaccine design. the rhdv capsid is based on a t=3 lattice containing 180 identical subunits (vp1). we determined the stru ... | 2012 | 22491457 |
| do lions have manes? for children, generics are about kinds rather than quantities. | generic statements (e.g., "lions have manes") make claims about kinds (e.g., lions as a category) and, for adults, are distinct from quantificational statements (e.g., "most lions have manes"), which make claims about how many individuals have a given property. this article examined whether young children also understand that generics do not depend purely on quantitative information. five-year-olds (n = 36) evaluated pairs of questions expressing properties that were matched in prevalence but va ... | 2012 | 22235892 |
| the ancestral carnivore karyotype as substantiated by comparative chromosome painting of three pinnipeds, the walrus, the steller sea lion and the baikal seal (pinnipedia, carnivora). | karyotype evolution in carnivora is thoroughly studied by classical and molecular cytogenetics and supplemented by reconstructions of ancestral carnivora karyotype (ack). however chromosome painting information from two pinniped families (odobenidae and otariidae) is noticeably missing. we report on the construction of the comparative chromosome map for species from each of the three pinniped families: the walrus (odobenus rosmarus, odobenidae-monotypic family), near threatened steller sea lion ... | 2016 | 26821159 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in captive wild felids, zimbabwe. | the populations of wild felids in africa, of especially lions (panthera leo) and cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), are declining and the species are classified as vulnerable to extinction by the international union for conservation of nature. as infections with tick-borne pathogens (tbp) can become more of a problem in wild felids, there are relatively few studies on tbp in wild felids in africa and on how these infections might influence population numbers. | 2014 | 25404084 |
| examining the role of components of slc11a1 (nramp1) in the susceptibility of new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) to disease. | the new zealand sea lion (nzsl, phocarctos hookeri) is a threatened marine mammal with a restricted distribution and a small, declining, population size. the species is susceptible to bacterial pathogens, having suffered three mass mortality events since 1998. understanding the genetic factors linked to this susceptibility is important in mitigating population decline. the gene solute carrier family 11 member a1 (slc11a1) plays an important role in mammalian resistance or susceptibility to a wid ... | 2015 | 25874773 |
| mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree. | the strict orthology of mitochondrial (mt) coding sequences has promoted their use in phylogenetic analyses at different levels. here we present the results of a mitogenomic study (i.e., analysis based on the set of protein-coding genes from complete mt genomes) of 60 mammalian species. this number includes 11 new mt genomes. the sampling comprises all but one of the traditional eutherian orders. the previously unrepresented order dermoptera (flying lemurs) fell within primates as the sister gro ... | 2002 | 12034869 |
| analytical methods for chemical and sensory characterization of scent-markings in large wild mammals: a review. | in conjoining the disciplines of "ethology" and "chemistry" the field of "ethochemistry" has been instituted. ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. particular attention has recently been focuse ... | 2014 | 24603639 |
| extensive variation at mhc drb in the new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri) provides evidence for balancing selection. | marine mammals are often reported to possess reduced variation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes compared with their terrestrial counterparts. we evaluated diversity at two mhc class ii b genes, dqb and drb, in the new zealand sea lion (phocarctos hookeri, nzsl) a species that has suffered high mortality owing to bacterial epizootics, using sanger sequencing and haplotype reconstruction, together with next-generation sequencing. despite this species' prolonged history of small popu ... | 2013 | 23572124 |
| the "bear" essentials: actualistic research on ursus arctos arctos in the spanish pyrenees and its implications for paleontology and archaeology. | neotaphonomic studies of large carnivores are used to create models in order to explain the formation of terrestrial vertebrate fossil faunas. the research reported here adds to the growing body of knowledge on the taphonomic consequences of large carnivore behavior in temperate habitats and has important implications for paleontology and archaeology. using photo- and videotrap data, we were able to describe the consumption of 17 ungulate carcasses by wild brown bears (ursus arctos arctos) rangi ... | 2014 | 25029167 |
| divergent sapovirus strains and infection prevalence in wild carnivores in the serengeti ecosystem: a long-term study. | the genus sapovirus, in the family caliciviridae, includes enteric viruses of humans and domestic animals. information on sapovirus infection of wildlife is limited and is currently lacking for any free-ranging wildlife species in africa. by screening a large number of predominantly fecal samples (n = 631) obtained from five carnivore species in the serengeti ecosystem, east africa, sapovirus rna was detected in the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta, family hyaenidae), african lion (panthera leo, f ... | 2016 | 27661997 |
| living with lions: the economics of coexistence in the gir forests, india. | rarely human communities coexist in harmony with large predators. most often communities suffer due to predation on their stock while large carnivores suffer losses and at times extirpation due to retaliation. we examine the mechanisms permitting the coexistence of asiatic lions (panthera leo persica) and pastoral communities (maldharis) in the gir forests, india. we monitored six maldhari settlements between 2005 and 2007 to quantify seasonal livestock holding, density and losses due to predati ... | 2013 | 23341871 |
| proteomic analysis of plasma from california sea lions (zalophus californianus) reveals apolipoprotein e as a candidate biomarker of chronic domoic acid toxicosis. | domoic acid toxicosis (dat) in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) is caused by exposure to the marine biotoxin domoic acid and has been linked to massive stranding events and mortality. diagnosis is based on clinical signs in addition to the presence of domoic acid in body fluids. chronic dat further is characterized by reoccurring seizures progressing to status epilepticus. diagnosis of chronic dat is often slow and problematic, and minimally invasive tests for dat have been the focu ... | 2015 | 25919366 |
| schrodinger's scat: a critical review of the currently available tiger (panthera tigris) and leopard (panthera pardus) specific primers in india, and a novel leopard specific primer. | non-invasive sampling has opened avenues for the genetic study of elusive species, which has contributed significantly to their conservation. where field based identity of non-invasive sample is ambiguous (e.g. carnivore scats), it is essential to establish identity of the species through molecular approaches. a cost effective procedure to ascertain species identity is to use species specific primers (ssp) for pcr amplification and subsequent resolution through agarose gel electrophoresis. howev ... | 2016 | 26860950 |
| comparative study of notoungulate (placentalia, mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters. | the phylogenetic relationships of notoungulates, an extinct group of predominantly south american herbivores, remain poorly resolved with respect to both other placental mammals and among one another. most previous phylogenetic analyses of notoungulates have not included characters of the internal cranium, not least because few such features, including the bony labyrinth, have been described for members of the group. here we describe the inner ears of the notoungulates altitypotherium chucalensi ... | 2013 | 24102069 |
| landscape suitability in botswana for the conservation of its six large african carnivores. | wide-ranging large carnivores often range beyond the boundaries of protected areas into human-dominated areas. mapping out potentially suitable habitats on a country-wide scale and identifying areas with potentially high levels of threats to large carnivore survival is necessary to develop national conservation action plans. we used a novel approach to map and identify these areas in botswana for its large carnivore guild consisting of lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), spotted hyae ... | 2014 | 24949735 |
| knowledge of mange among masai pastoralists in kenya. | pastoralists in low-income countries usually live in close proximity to their animals and thus represent an important repository of information about livestock disease. since wild and domestic animals often mix freely whilst grazing, pastoralists are also able to observe first-hand the diseases that are present in wildlife and as such are key informants in disease outbreaks in sylvatic animals. we report here the findings of the first study of the knowledge and role of masai pastoralists in mang ... | 2012 | 22912858 |
| bells, bomas and beefsteak: complex patterns of human-predator conflict at the wildlife-agropastoral interface in zimbabwe. | reports of livestock depredation by large predators were systematically collected at three study sites in northwestern zimbabwe from 2008-2013. we recorded 1,527 incidents (2,039 animals killed and 306 injured). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) were mostly responsible, and cattle and donkeys most frequently attacked. patterns of predation were variable among study sites. nevertheless, some overall patterns were apparent. predators selected livestock close to the size of ... | 2017 | 28149682 |
| short-term behavioural responses of impalas in simulated antipredator and social contexts. | prey animals often have to trade off foraging against vigilance. however, vigilance is costly and individuals are expected to adjust their vigilance and its cost in relation to social cues and their predation risk. to test this, we conducted playback experiments in the field to study how lions' (panthera leo) roars and male impalas' (aepyceros melampus) territorial vocalizations affected the vigilance and foraging behaviours as well as movements of female impalas. our results show that impalas a ... | 2013 | 24376859 |
| identification of respiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of three species of pinnipeds (arctocephalus australis, arctocephalus gazella, and otaria flavescens) in southern brazil. | in order to improve understanding of parasitism in south american pinnipeds, respiratory and gastrointestinal samples were collected from 12 arctocephalus australis (south american fur seal), one arctocephalus gazella (antarctic fur seal), and one otaria flavescens (south american sea lion). ova and larvae were microscopically identified from fecal samples and respiratory secretions collected from live a. australis undergoing rehabilitation at centro de recuperação de animais marinhos (cram-furg ... | 2016 | 27010274 |
| mitochondrial haplotypes of aelurostrongylus abstrusus and troglostrongylus brevior (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) from domestic and wild felids. | the lungworm aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important respiratory parasite of domestic cats. pulmonary aelurostrongylosis has been reported in wild felids, though unequivocally evidence of wildlife infection by a. abstrusus is scant. recently, troglostrongylus brevior, a lungworm usually infecting wild felids, has been described in domestic cats from mediterranean areas. the present work evaluates the sequence variation of an informative region within the gene encoding the mitochondrial ... | 2017 | 28197762 |
| aelurostrongylus abstrusus in wild felids of south africa. | the increasing interest on respiratory nematodes of domestic cats (felis silvestris catus) has recently stimulated several studies on their epidemiology and geographic distribution. at the same time, there are still important gaps in our knowledge of the infections caused by respiratory nematodes in wild felids. the present study investigated the occurrence of pulmonary parasites in wild hosts housed in sanctuaries and protected areas of south africa. faecal samples collected from seven species ... | 2016 | 27230016 |
| zoonotic vector-borne bacterial pathogens in california mountain lions (puma concolor), 1987-2010. | sera collected from 442 mountain lions in 48 california counties between the years of 1987 and 2010 were tested using immunofluorescence assays and agglutination tests for the presence of antibodies reactive to yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis, bartonella henselae, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum antigens. data were analyzed for spatial and temporal trends in seropositivity. seroprevalences for b. burgdorferi (19.9%) and b. henselae (37.1%) were relatively high, with t ... | 2012 | 22925024 |
| otariodibacter oris and bisgaardia genomospecies 1 isolated from infections in pinnipeds. | we document the first associations of two recently described species of pasteurellaceae bacteria with lesions in wild pinnipeds in rehabilitation. samples were collected from nine lesions in four california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and two pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina) during necropsy or admission examinations at a rehabilitation facility in northern california. seven pasteurellaceae isolates were identified using phenotypic tests and partial rpob gene sequencing. six strains o ... | 2013 | 23778617 |
| isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (hypsipetes amaurotis) in japan. | five species, mammalian orthoreovirus, avian orthoreovirus (arv), nelson bay orthoreovirus (nbv), baboon orthoreovirus and reptilian orthoreovirus, have been identified in the genus orthoreovirus. their genomes each consist of 10 dsrna segments. a novel orthoreovirus was isolated from the haemorrhagic intestine of a dead brown-eared bulbul (hypsipetes amaurotis) in japan. the virus formed syncytia in caco-2 and vero cells. electron microscopy revealed non-enveloped capsids of ~70 nm diameter, wh ... | 2015 | 25740958 |
| complete genome analysis identifies tvärminne avian virus as a candidate new species within the genus orthoreovirus. | orthoreoviruses have been associated with a variety of diseases in domesticated poultry and wild-living birds. in 2002, a reovirus strain named tvärminne avian virus (tvav), was identified in finland in a crow showing neurological disorders. the objective of this study was the molecular characterization of this novel reovirus strain. genome sequencing was performed by combining semiconductor sequencing and traditional capillary sequencing. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that tvav shar ... | 2014 | 24421111 |
| surveillance for viral and parasitic pathogens in a vulnerable african lion (panthera leo) population in the northern tuli game reserve, botswana. | african lion ( panthera leo ) numbers are decreasing rapidly and populations are becoming smaller and more fragmented. infectious diseases are one of numerous issues threatening free-ranging lion populations, and low-density populations are particularly at risk. we collected data on the prevalence and diversity of viral and parasitic pathogens in a small lion population in eastern botswana. during 2012 and 2014, blood samples were collected from 59% (n=13) of the adult-subadult lions in the nort ... | 2017 | 27669009 |
| molecular detection and characterization of potentially new babesia and theileria species/variants in wild felids from kenya. | piroplasms frequently infect domestic and wild carnivores. at present, there is limited information on the occurrence and molecular identity of these tick-borne parasites in wild felids in kenya. in 2009, a pair of captive lions (panthare leo) was diagnosed with suspected babesiosis and mineral deficiency at an animal orphanage on the outskirts of nairobi, kenya. blood smears indicated presences of haemoparasites in the erythrocytes, however, no further investigations were conducted to identify ... | 2012 | 22796449 |
| prevalence and diversity of babesia, hepatozoon, ehrlichia, and bartonella in wild and domestic carnivores from zambia, africa. | a molecular survey was conducted for several hemoparasites of domestic dogs and three species of wild carnivores from two sites in zambia. three babesia spp. were detected including babesia felis and babesia leo in lions (panthera leo) and a babesia sp. (similar to babesia lengau) in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) and a single lion. all wild dogs (lycaon pictus) and domestic dogs were negative for babesia. high prevalences for hepatozoon were noted in all three wild carnivores (38-61%) and in ... | 2014 | 24363181 |
| isolation of bartonella henselae, bartonella koehlerae subsp. koehlerae, bartonella koehlerae subsp. bothieri and a new subspecies of b. koehlerae from free-ranging lions (panthera leo) from south africa, cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) from namibia and captive cheetahs from california. | bartonellae are blood- and vector-borne gram-negative bacteria, recognized as emerging pathogens. whole-blood samples were collected from 58 free-ranging lions (panthera leo) in south africa and 17 cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) from namibia. blood samples were also collected from 11 cheetahs (more than once for some of them) at the san diego wildlife safari park. bacteria were isolated from the blood of three (5%) lions, one (6%) namibian cheetah and eight (73%) cheetahs from california. the lion ... | 2016 | 27453220 |
| isolation of bartonella henselae and two new bartonella subspecies, bartonellakoehlerae subspecies boulouisii subsp. nov. and bartonella koehlerae subspecies bothieri subsp. nov. from free-ranging californian mountain lions and bobcats. | domestic cats are the natural reservoir of bartonella henselae, b. clarridgeiae and b. koehlerae. to determine the role of wild felids in the epidemiology of bartonella infections, blood was collected from 14 free-ranging california mountain lions (puma concolor) and 19 bobcats (lynx rufus). bartonella spp. were isolated from four (29%) mountain lions and seven (37%) bobcats. these isolates were characterized using growth characteristics, biochemical reactions, molecular techniques, including pc ... | 2016 | 26981874 |
| bartonella rochalimae and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in wild carnivores from colorado, usa. | spleen samples from 292 wild carnivores from colorado, us were screened for bartonella infection. bartonella dna was detected in coyotes ( canis latrans ) (28%), striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis ) (23%), red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) (27%), and raccoons ( procyon lotor ) (8%) but not in black bears ( ursus americanus ), gray foxes ( urocyon cinereoargenteus ), and mountain lions ( puma concolor ). two bartonella species, b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and b. rochalimae, were identified. all 10 in ... | 2016 | 27529290 |
| assessing timing and causes of neonatal lamb losses in a bighorn sheep ovis canadensis canadensis herd via use of vaginal implant transmitters. | we evaluated the use of vaginal implant transmitters (vits) as a means of detecting, capturing, and radio collaring rocky mountain bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis canadensis) lambs to estimate survival and to facilitate carcass recovery to assess causes of mortality. we focused on one of several bighorn herds in colorado, usa, suffering from depressed recruitment that was not preceded by a classic all-age die-off. we captured, radio-collared, diagnosed pregnancy by ultrasound examination, and in ... | 2017 | 28192042 |
| serologic evidence of brucella infection in pinnipeds along the coast of hokkaido, the northernmost main island of japan. | brucella infection in hokkaido was serologically surveyed in four species of pinnipeds inhabiting cape erimo during 2008-2013 and the shiretoko peninsula in 1999, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using brucella abortus and b. canis as antigens. anti-brucella positive sera showed higher absorbance to b. abortus than b. canis in almost all samples. anti-b. abortus antibodies were detected in serum samples from 24% (n=55) of western pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina stejnegeri) in cape erimo ... | 2017 | 28262966 |
| infection of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with terrestrial brucella spp. | infections with brucella ceti and pinnipedialis are prevalent in marine mammals worldwide. a total of 22 california sea lions (zalophus californianus) were examined to determine their exposure to brucella spp. at san esteban island in the gulf of california, mexico, in june and july 2011. although samples of blood, vaginal mucus and milk cultured negative for these bacteria, the application of rose bengal, agar gel immunodiffusion, pcr and modified fluorescence polarization assays found that fiv ... | 2014 | 25066000 |
| glanders outbreak at tehran zoo, iran. | in december 2010 four, lions and one tiger died at the tehran zoo. out of all samples, burkholderia mallei (causative agent of glanders) was isolated just from ulcer sample of the tiger which was imported to iran from russia. | 2012 | 22783454 |
| campylobacter insulaenigrae: first isolation report from south american sea lion (otaria flavescens, (shaw, 1800). | campylobacter insulaenigrae have been isolated from different pinnipeds but not from south american sea lion (otaria flavescens).the aim of this work is to report the first isolation of c. insulaenigrae from south american sea lion (otaria flavescens).the isolate, identified by its phenotypic and molecular characteristics, allow recognizing o. flavescens as a new host for c. insulaenigrae. | 2011 | 24031630 |
| campylobacter corcagiensis sp. nov., isolated from faeces of captive lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | an investigation of the prevalence of campylobacter ureolyticus in a variety of animals led to the identification of the strain cit 045(t), in the faeces of captive lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). originally, believed to be campylobacter ureolyticus based on the colony morphology and positive urease test, analysis of 16s rrna and hsp60 gene sequences of this isolate revealed that the strain differs significantly from other species of the genus campylobacter described to date. species-spec ... | 2014 | 24876239 |
| pup mortality and evidence for pathogen exposure in galapagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki) on san cristobal island, galapagos, ecuador. | the galapagos sea lion ( zalophus wollebaeki ), an endangered species, experiences high pup mortality (up to 100%) in years when el niño events reduce food supply in the galapagos islands. mortality of pups in non-el niño years is estimated to be 5% in undisturbed colonies. from 2009 to 2012 we observed high pup mortality (up to 66%) in colonies close to the galapagos capital, puerto baquerizo moreno, where contact with humans, domestic animals, and rats is frequent. gross postmortem findings fr ... | 2017 | 28318380 |
| impacts of canine distemper virus infection on the giant panda population from the perspective of gut microbiota. | the recent increase in infectious disease outbreaks has been directly linked to the global loss of biodiversity and the decline of some endangered species populations. between december 2014 and march 2015, five captive giant pandas died due to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in china. cdv has taken a heavy toll on tigers and lions in recent years. here, we describe the first gut microbiome diversity study of cdv-infected pandas. by investigating the influence of cdv infection on gut bacte ... | 2017 | 28051146 |
| canine distemper virus in the serengeti ecosystem: molecular adaptation to different carnivore species. | was the 1993/1994 fatal canine distemper virus (cdv) epidemic in lions and spotted hyaenas in the serengeti ecosystem caused by the recent spillover of a virulent domestic dog strain or one well adapted to these noncanids? we examine this question using sequence data from 13 'serengeti' strains including five complete genomes obtained between 1993 and 2011. phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses reveal that strains from noncanids during the epidemic were more closely related to each other t ... | 2016 | 27928865 |
| serosurvey for selected viral pathogens among sympatric species of the african large predator guild in northern botswana. | the recent increase in the creation of transboundary protected areas and wildlife corridors between them lends importance to information on pathogen prevalence and transmission among wildlife species that will become connected. one such initiative is the kavango zambezi transfrontier conservation area of which botswana's okavango delta constitutes a major contribution for wildlife and ecosystems. between 2008 and 2011, we collected serum samples from 14 lions ( panthera leo ), four leopards ( pa ... | 2017 | 27763827 |
| serological detection of infection with canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus in communal dogs from zimbabwe. | domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-saharan africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as african wild dogs and african lions, respectively. the impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessmen ... | 2014 | 25686382 |
| dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic-wildlife interface: canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions. | morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e.g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (cdv), are a growing concern. a propensity for host-switching has resulted in cdv emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. cdv is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and ... | 2015 | 25605919 |
| recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus and variation in its receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule, in carnivores. | the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) is a receptor for morbilliviruses. to understand the recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus (cdv) in carnivores, we determined the nucleotide sequences of slams of various carnivores and generated three-dimensional homology slam models. thirty-four amino acid residues were found for the candidates binding to cdv on the interface of the carnivore slams. slam of the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) were similar to those of oth ... | 2014 | 24807184 |
| canine distemper virus (cdv) in another big cat: should cdv be renamed carnivore distemper virus? | one of the greatest threats to the conservation of wild cat populations may be dogs or, at least, one of their viruses. canine distemper virus (cdv), a single-stranded rna virus in the paramyxoviridae family and genus morbillivirus, infects and causes disease in a variety of species, not just canids. an outbreak of cdv in wild lions in the serengeti, tanzania, in 1994 was a wake-up call for conservationists, as it demonstrated that an infectious disease could swiftly impact a previously healthy ... | 2013 | 24045642 |
| rabies, canine distemper, and canine parvovirus exposure in large carnivore communities from two zambian ecosystems. | disease transmission within and among wild and domestic carnivores can have significant impacts on populations, particularly for threatened and endangered species. we used serology to evaluate potential exposure to rabies virus, canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine parvovirus (cpv) for populations of african lions (panthera leo), african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in zambia's south luangwa national park (slnp) and liuwa plain national park (lpnp) as well ... | 2013 | 23805791 |
| risk factors for exposure to feline pathogens in california mountain lions (puma concolor). | the primary challenge to mountain lion population viability in california is habitat loss and fragmentation. these habitat impacts could enhance disease risk by increasing contact with domestic animals and by altering patterns of exposure to other wild felids. we performed a serologic survey for feline pathogens in california mountain lions (puma concolor) using 490 samples from 45 counties collected from 1990 to 2008. most mountain lions sampled were killed because of depredation or public safe ... | 2013 | 23568903 |
| antagonistic pleiotropy and fitness trade-offs reveal specialist and generalist traits in strains of canine distemper virus. | theoretically, homogeneous environments favor the evolution of specialists whereas heterogeneous environments favor generalists. canine distemper is a multi-host carnivore disease caused by canine distemper virus (cdv). the described cell receptor of cdv is slam (cd150). attachment of cdv hemagglutinin protein (cdv-h) to this receptor facilitates fusion and virus entry in cooperation with the fusion protein (cdv-f). we investigated whether cdv strains co-evolved in the large, homogeneous domesti ... | 2012 | 23239996 |
| peste des petits ruminants virus detected in tissues from an asiatic lion (panthera leo persica) belongs to asian lineage iv. | in this study, peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) was detected in frozen pooled tissue samples from a dead asiatic lion (panthera leo persica). the samples were negative for canine distemper virus and positive for pprv nucleic acids when tested with one-step rt-pcr using the appropriate virus-specific primers. subsequent amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the partial nucleocapsid, matrix, and fusion genes confirmed the presence of pprv nucleic acid. comparative sequence and phylogene ... | 2012 | 22705744 |
| [genomic characteristics of bocavirus and molecular mechanism of its pathogenicity--a review]. | bocavirus was considered as a member of the subfamily parvoviriae of the family parvoviridae, which includes bovine bocavirus, minute virus of canines, human bocavirus, as well as the newly identified swine bocavirus, gorilla bocavirus, feline bocavirus, canine bocavirus and bocavirus identified in california sea lion sample. at present, as an emerging pathogen, bocavirus members attract great attention by researchers worldwide. we reviewed published papers in combination with our study for seve ... | 2013 | 23957145 |
| calicivirus-induced vesicular disease in cetaceans and probable interspecies transmission. | a calicivirus isolated from cetaceans is a new serotype designated cetacean calicivirus tursiops-1 (ccv-tur-1). it appears to have spread from an initially infected atlantic bottlenose dolphin to a california sea lion, and was then carried by the sea lion to a second facility several miles away, where a second dolphin became infected and developed vesicular skin lesions that eroded, leaving shallow ulcers. cetaceans and pinnipeds belong to separate orders, so this finding of interspecies transmi ... | 1983 | 6315658 |
| genetic predictions of prion disease susceptibility in carnivore species based on variability of the prion gene coding region. | mammalian species vary widely in their apparent susceptibility to prion diseases. for example, several felid species developed prion disease (feline spongiform encephalopathy or fse) during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in the united kingdom, whereas no canine bse cases were detected. whether either of these or other groups of carnivore species can contract other prion diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease or cwd) remains an open question. variation in the host-encoded pri ... | 2012 | 23236380 |
| focal bacterial meningitis following ascending bite wound infection leading to paraparesis in a captive california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 15-yr-old captive female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with a 2-wk history of progressive paraparesis and a 9-mo history of exudative skin lesion on the left thoracic wall. magnetic resonance images showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion ventrolateral to the seventh cervical to the third thoracic vertebra on the left side, which extended through the left intervertebral foramina c7 to t3 into the vertebral canal, causing spina ... | 2015 | 25831587 |
| [focal meningitis in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus)--diagnostic procedure and pathology]. | a 15-year-old female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with progressive lameness of the hindlimbs and a chronic skin lesion was presented for clinical examination. the clinical neurological examination, showing a paraparesis, was completed by magnetic resonance imaging. mr images of the cervical and thoracic spine showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion between the seventh cervical vertebra (c7) and the second thoracic vertebra (t2), which extended through the intervertebral ... | 2014 | 25406071 |
| hemorrhagic enterocolitis and death in two felines (panthera tigris altaica and panthera leo) associated with clostridium perfringens type a. | severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was observed in a siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica) and a lion (panthera leo). both animals developed acute depression, anorexia, and bloody diarrhea several days before death. small and large intestines were diffusely congested, edematous, necrotic, and filled with hemorrhagic fluid, and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and congested. pure and abundant growth of gram-positive bacilli was obtained in culture under anaerobic conditions from the livers o ... | 2012 | 22779248 |
| intestinal helminth fauna of the south american sea lion otaria flavescens and fur seal arctocephalus australis from northern patagonia, argentina. | we report on the intestinal helminth fauna of 56 south american sea lions, otaria flavescens, and 5 south american fur seals, arctocephalus australis, from northern patagonia, argentina. a total of 97,325 helminth specimens were collected from sea lions. gravid individuals were represented by 6 species of parasites: 1 digenean (ascocotyle (ascocotyle) patagoniensis), 1 cestode (diphyllobothrium spp.), 3 nematodes (uncinaria hamiltoni, contracaecum ogmorhini s.s., pseudoterranova cattani) and 1 a ... | 2013 | 22967801 |
| coxiella burnetii in northern fur seals and steller sea lions of alaska. | coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic bacterium, has recently been identified in several marine mammal species on the pacific coast of north america, but little is known about the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis in these species. we tested sera archived from northern fur seals (nfs, callorhinus ursinus; n=236) and steller sea lions (ssl, eumetopias jubatus; n=72) sampled in alaska for c. burnetii antibodies, and vaginal swabs from nfs (n=40) for c. burnetii by qpcr. the antibody prevalence ... | 2013 | 23568925 |
| coxiella burnetii infection of marine mammals in the pacific northwest, 1997-2010. | q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium coxiella burnetii. humans are commonly exposed via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria derived from the waste products of domesticated sheep and goats, and particularly from products generated during parturition. however, many other species can be infected with c. burnetii, and the host range and full zoonotic potential of c. burnetii is unknown. two cases of c. burnetii infection in marine mammal placenta have been reported, but it is not kno ... | 2012 | 22247392 |
| cryptococcus albidus infection in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | sporadic cases of cryptococcosis have been reported in marine mammals, typically due to cryptococcus neoformans and, more recently, to cryptococcus gattii in cetaceans. cryptococcus albidus, a ubiquitous fungal species not typically considered to be pathogenic, was recovered from a juvenile california sea lion (zalophus californianus) rescued near san francisco bay, california. yeast morphologically consistent with a cryptococcus sp. was identified histologically in a lymph node and c. albidus w ... | 2012 | 23060504 |
| occurrence, prevalence and intensity of internal parasite infections of african lions (panthera leo) in enclosures at a recreation park in zimbabwe. | a coprological survey was conducted to determine the types, prevalence, and intensity of infection of internal parasites in a population of captive african lions (panthera leo) at a recreational game park in zimbabwe. individual fecal samples were collected on three occasions over a 4-month period from each of 30 lions (55%) out of 55 animals held. the samples were examined using flotation and sedimentation techniques to assess the presence and count of parasite eggs, oocysts, and cysts per gram ... | 2013 | 24063097 |
| cytauxzoonosis in cats: abcd guidelines on prevention and management. | cytauxzoon species are apicomplexan haemoparasites, which may cause severe disease in domestic cats, as well as lions and tigers. for many years, cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats was only reported in north and south america, but in recent years the infection has also been seen in europe (spain, france and italy). | 2015 | 26101317 |
| evaluation of cytauxzoon felis infection status in captive-born wild felids housed in an area endemic for the pathogen. | to determine whether apparently healthy captive-born wild felids that were not native to north america and were housed in an area endemic for cytauxzoon felis harbored the pathogen. | 2012 | 23039987 |
| dirofilaria immitis in pinnipeds and a new host record. | dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is spreading worldwide, and the associated infection (i.e. dirofilariosis) is becoming a threat to animals and humans living in endemic areas. little is known about the occurrence and risk of infection of d. immitis in pinnipeds. here we report dirofilariosis by d. immitis in several pinniped species kept in captivity in portugal. | 2017 | 28288690 |
| association between positive canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) antigen results and presence of acanthocheilonema odendhali microfilaria in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | this study establishes a relationship between positive canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) test results frequently observed in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and infection with the filarid nematode acanthocheilonema odendhali. four commercially available canine heartworm antigen tests were evaluated for cross-reaction with a. odendhali in california sea lions. sera were tested from fifteen california sea lions with a. odendhali-associated microfilaremia, confirmed by blood smea ... | 2016 | 27010261 |
| a novel pcr-rflp assay for molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and closely related species in developing countries. | cystic echinococcosis, due to echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.), currently affects three million people, especially in low-income countries and results in high livestock production loss. dna-based methods demonstrated genetic variability of e. granulosus s. l., and five species were recognized to belong to the complex, including e. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s) (genotypes g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (genotype g4), echinococcus ortleppi (genotype g5), echinococcus canadensis (genotypes ... | 2016 | 27225001 |
| taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. | echinococcus granulosus, formerly regarded as a single species with a high genotypic and phenotypic diversity, is now recognised as an assemblage of cryptic species, which differ considerably in morphology, development, host specificity (including infectivity/pathogenicity for humans) and other aspects. this diversity is reflected in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and has led to the construction of phylogenetic trees and hypotheses on the origin and geographic dispersal of various taxa. b ... | 2015 | 26264250 |
| echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans--review of current knowledge. | genetic variability in the species group echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is well recognised as affecting intermediate host susceptibility and other biological features of the parasites. molecular methods have allowed discrimination of different genotypes (g1-10 and the 'lion strain'), some of which are now considered separate species. an accumulation of genotypic analyses undertaken on parasite isolates from human cases of cystic echinococcosis provides the basis upon which an assessment is m ... | 2014 | 24269720 |
| a sylvatic lifecycle of echinococcus equinus in the etosha national park, namibia. | various species of echinococcus have been described in the past from wild mammals of sub-saharan africa. however, it is only recently, that a few isolates have become available for molecular identification; therefore, the involvement of wildlife in the lifecycles of the various cryptic species within echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is still only partially known. a preliminary survey was undertaken in etosha national park, namibia, from august to october 2012. faecal samples were obtained from ... | 2015 | 25830103 |
| a survey for echinococcus spp. of carnivores in six wildlife conservation areas in kenya. | to investigate the presence of echinococcus spp. in wild mammals of kenya, 832 faecal samples from wild carnivores (lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, wild dogs and silver-backed jackals) were collected in six different conservation areas of kenya (meru, nairobi, tsavo west and tsavo east national parks, samburu and maasai mara national reserves). taeniid eggs were found in 120 samples (14.4%). in total, 1160 eggs were isolated and further analysed using rflp-pcr of the nad1 gene and sequencing. 3 ... | 2014 | 24732034 |
| adhesive and invasive capacities of edwardsiella tarda isolated from south american sea lion. | edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. although e. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. a survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from south american sea lions (sasl) otaria flavescens, reported e. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. in this study, we used hep-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasi ... | 2014 | 25477948 |
| isolation of edwardsiella tarda from a sea lion and two alligators. | edwardsiella tarda was isolated from a sea lion and 2 alligators on 3 separate occasions. the 3 isolates were not serologically identical. specific pathologic effects of e. tarda could not be determined. | 1966 | 22413194 |
| molecular detection of antibiotic-resistance determinants in escherichia coli isolated from the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | greater interaction between humans and wildlife populations poses significant risks of anthropogenic impact to natural ecosystems, especially in the marine environment. understanding the spread of microorganisms at the marine interface is therefore important if we are to mitigate adverse effects on marine wildlife. we investigated the establishment of escherichia coli in the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) by comparing fecal isolation from wild and captive sea lion populations. ... | 2015 | 25919463 |
| morphofunctional study of hemocytes from lions-paw scallop nodipecten subnodosus. | hemocytes play an important role in internal defense in mollusk bivalves; they are generally divided into granular and hyaline types, where the granules possess molecules to combat foreign particles. we investigated the morphology, staining reactions, and immune-related activities of hemocytes from the pectinid lions-paw scallop nodipecten subnodosus. we showed that, in contrast to the conditions in most bivalves and similar to other pectinids, no granular cells were observed; only very few semi ... | 2013 | 23587572 |
| expressed truncated n-terminal variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) of trypanosoma evansi in e. coli exhibits immuno-reactivity. | the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) of trypanosome is an important part of its body surface coat, which is expressed in early, middle and late stages of infection contributing a major diagnostic value. in the present study, the 5' end of the partial vsg gene sequences (681 bp) encoding n-terminal protein of rotat 1.2 vsg (227 amino acid) was amplified, cloned into pet32a vector, and expressed in prokaryotic system. the fused his-tagged expressed vsg protein (43 kda) of the trypanosoma evansi ... | 2012 | 22277627 |
| antibody response to vaccines for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, and rabies in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). | this article presents the results of a study of captive tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo) vaccinated with a recombinant vaccine against feline leukemia virus; an inactivated adjuvanted vaccine against rabies virus; and a multivalent modified live vaccine against feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus. the aim of the study was to assess the immune response and safety of the vaccines and to compare the effects of the administration of single (1 ml) and double (2 m ... | 2012 | 22779227 |
| identification of human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a functional receptor for the hom-1 calicivirus on human cells. | the hom-1 vesivirus was reported in 1998 following the inadvertent transmission of the animal calicivirus san miguel sea lion virus to a human host in a laboratory. we characterized the hom-1 strain and investigated the mechanism by which human cells could be infected. an expression library of 3,559 human plasma membrane proteins was screened for reactivity with hom-1 virus-like particles, and a single interacting protein, human junctional adhesion molecule 1 (hjam1), was identified. transient e ... | 2017 | 28196955 |
| discovery and genomic characterization of noroviruses from a gastroenteritis outbreak in domestic cats in the us. | norovirus (nov) rna was detected in the stools of 6 out 14 (42.8%) 8-12-week-old cats with enteritis from a feline shelter, in new york state. upon sequence analysis of the complete capsid, the six novs were found to be identical, suggesting the spread of a unique nov strain in the shelter. the full-length genomic sequence (7839 nt) of one feline nov, cu081210e/2010/us, was determined. in the capsid protein vp1 region, the virus displayed the highest amino acid identity to animal genogroup iv ge ... | 2012 | 22389721 |
| positive immunolabelling for feline infectious peritonitis in an african lion (panthera leo) with bilateral panuveitis. | a 15-year-old male african lion (panthera leo) was presented with blindness due to bilateral panuveitis with retinal detachment. feline coronavirus (fcov) antigen was identified immunohistochemically in ocular macrophages, consistent with a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) infection. this is the first report of fip in an african lion and the first report of ocular fip in a non-domestic felid. | 2015 | 25678422 |
| feline infectious peritonitis in a mountain lion (puma concolor), california, usa. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal immune-mediated vasculitis of felids caused by a mutant form of a common feline enteric virus, feline enteric coronavirus. the virus can attack many organ systems and causes a broad range of signs, commonly including weight loss and fever. regardless of presentation, fip is ultimately fatal and often presents a diagnostic challenge. in may 2010, a malnourished young adult male mountain lion (puma concolor) from kern county, california, usa was eutha ... | 2013 | 23568918 |
| prevalence and risk factors for mycobacterium bovis infection in african lions ( panthera leo ) in the kruger national park. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), is endemic in the kruger national park (knp), south africa. african lions ( panthera leo ) are susceptible to btb, but the impact of the disease on lion populations is unknown. in this study, we used a novel gene expression assay for chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 9 (cxcl9) to measure the prevalence of m. bovis infection in 70 free-ranging lions that were opportunistically sampled in the southern and central regions of the kn ... | 2017 | 28122192 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus cross-species transmission: implications for emergence of new lentiviral infections. | owing to a complex history of host-parasite coevolution, lentiviruses exhibit a high degree of species specificity. given the well-documented viral archeology of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) emergence following human exposures to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), an understanding of processes that promote successful cross-species lentiviral transmissions is highly relevant. we previously reported natural cross-species transmission of a subtype of feline immunodeficiency virus, puma lent ... | 2017 | 28003486 |
| determinants of fiv and hiv vif sensitivity of feline apobec3 restriction factors. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a global pathogen of felidae species and a model system for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-induced aids. in felids such as the domestic cat (felis catus), apobec3 (a3) genes encode for single-domain a3z2s, a3z3 and double-domain a3z2z3 anti-viral cytidine deaminases. the feline a3z2z3 is expressed following read-through transcription and alternative splicing, introducing a previously untranslated exon in frame, encoding a domain insertion called linker. ... | 2016 | 27368163 |
| assessing the impact of feline immunodeficiency virus and bovine tuberculosis co-infection in african lions. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, is a disease that was introduced relatively recently into the kruger national park (knp) lion population. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv(ple)) is thought to have been endemic in lions for a much longer time. in humans, co-infection between mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus increases disease burden. if btb were to reach high levels of prevalence in lions, and if similar worsening effects would exist between fi ... | 2012 | 22915673 |