| a truncated immunoglobulin epsilon pseudogene is found in gorilla and man but not in chimpanzee. | molecular genetic analyses of the young pseudogenes of the immunoglobulin c epsilon genes were carried out to obtain qualitative evidence for the phylogenetic branching pattern of hominoid primates. we found that old world monkeys had two c epsilon genes, one of which was processed. among the hominoids examined only the gorilla and human genomes contained three c epsilon genes: an active, a truncated, and a processed gene. other hominoids so far examined, including chimpanzee, contained two c ep ... | 1985 | 2987940 |
| human and chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibody-secreting cell lines were isolated after transformation of peripheral blood leukocytes with epstein-barr virus. blood samples were obtained from human donors having circulating antibodies against hepatitis viruses (hab, hbv), rubella, or rabies virus and from a chimpanzee infected with hav. dextran-isolated leukocytes were submitted to epstein-barr virus infection at low cell concentrations (1 x 10(4) cells x ml-1). proliferating clones could be observed in 50-100% of the cul ... | 1985 | 2989374 |
| the spectrum of complement-fixing antinuclear antibodies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | sera from 230 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were tested for antinuclear antibodies by anticomplement immunofluorescence in 16 types of transformed, diploid or primary cells of human, monkey, chimpanzee or rat origin. as controls, we tested 85 sera from patients with chronic liver diseases, 48 sera from patients with nonhepatic cancers and 164 sera of normal controls. exactly 11.2% of all cancer patients but only 3.6% of noncancer patients had complement-fixing antinuclear antibody that react ... | 1985 | 2991105 |
| in vitro growth characteristics of simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii. | the type c retrovirus simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii) has been isolated recently from immunodeficient macaque monkeys at the new england regional primate research center. the present studies were done to define the in vitro growth characteristics of this agent. stlv-iii replicates efficiently in interleukin 2-dependent t-cell cultures of macaque peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl), less efficiently in such cultures of human and gibbon pbl, and inefficiently in baboon pbl. no repli ... | 1985 | 2996002 |
| a human y-linked dna polymorphism and its potential for estimating genetic and evolutionary distance. | a human dna sequence (p12f2), derived from a partial y-chromosome genomic library and showing homology with the x and y chromosomes and with an undetermined number of autosomes, detected two y-specific restriction fragment length variants on male dna that had been digested with taq i and eco ri. these variants may have been generated through a deletion-insertion mechanism and their pattern of holoandric transmission indicates that they represent a two-allele y-linked polymorphism (rflp). by mean ... | 1985 | 2999986 |
| isolation of a monoclonal antibody that blocks attachment of the major group of human rhinoviruses. | reciprocal competition binding assays have previously demonstrated that 20 of 24 human rhinovirus serotypes tested compete for a single cellular receptor. these studies suggested that the vast majority of rhinovirus serotypes utilize a single cellular receptor. with hela cells as an immunogen, a mouse monoclonal antibody was isolated which had the precise specificity predicted by the competition binding study. the receptor antibody was shown to protect hela cells from infection by 78 of 88 human ... | 1986 | 3001366 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type i is a member of the african subtype of simian viruses (stlv). | the nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeat (ltr) of simian retroviruses (stlv), which are closely related to human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) were found to be of at least two subgroups: an asian subtype in macaques and an african subtype in african green monkeys and chimpanzee. the nucleotide sequence of htlv-i was found to be included within the divergence among stlv, but showed closer homology (95%) to african subtype stlv than to asian subtype stlv (90%). | 1986 | 3002040 |
| large hepatitis b surface antigen polypeptides of dane particles with the receptor for polymerized human serum albumin. | large hepatitis b surface antigen polypeptides with apparent molecular sizes of 39,000 and 43,000 daltons (p39 and p43) were liberated from a purified preparation of dane particles of subtype adr. they were tested for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies raised against three synthetic oligopeptides representing fundamental sequences of the pre-s region in deoxyribonucleic acid of hepatitis b virus (subtype adr), as well as with monoclonal antibody against the major surface antigen polypeptide ( ... | 1986 | 3002898 |
| comparison of human and chimpanzee zeta 1 globin genes. | the dna base sequences of the entire chimpanzee zeta 1 globin gene and an additional 1 kb of dna flanking both the human and chimpanzee genes have been determined. whereas the human zeta 1 gene contains a termination codon in the sixth position, the chimpanzee gene appears to be functional. this finding confirms proudfoot et al.'s suggestion that the human zeta 1 gene was recently inactivated. like the corresponding human zeta 1 and zeta 2 genes, the first and second introns of the chimpanzee ze ... | 1985 | 3003369 |
| evolution of alu family repeats since the divergence of human and chimpanzee. | the dna sequences of three members of the alu family of repeated sequences located 5' to the chimpanzee alpha 2 gene have been determined. the base sequences of the three corresponding human alu family repeats have been previously determined, permitting the comparison of identical alu family members in human and chimpanzee. here we compare the sequences of seven pairs of chimpanzee and human alu repeats. in each case, with the exception of minor sequence differences, the identical alu repeat is ... | 1985 | 3003370 |
| the pattern of restriction enzyme-induced banding in the chromosomes of chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan and its evolutionary significance. | the pattern of banding induced by five restriction enzymes in the chromosome complement of chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan is described and compared with that of humans. the g banding pattern induced by hae iii was the only feature common to the four species. although hominid species show almost complete chromosomal homology, the restriction enzyme c banding pattern differed among the species studied. hinf i did not induce banding in chimpanzee chromosomes, and rsa i did not elicit banding in ... | 1985 | 3003371 |
| persistent infection of chimpanzees with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus: a potential model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lav) prototype strain of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lav was transmitted to juvenile chimpanzees with no prior immunostimulation by (i) intravenous injection of autologous cells infected in vitro, (ii) intravenous injection of cell-free virus, and (iii) transfusion from a previously infected chimpanzee. all five animals that received more than one 50% tissue culture infective dose were persistently infected with lav or chimpanzee-passaged lav for up ... | 1986 | 3005641 |
| concentration of plasmodium ovale- and plasmodium vivax-infected erythrocytes from nonhuman primate blood using percoll gradients. | plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale schizont-infected erythrocytes were separated from peripheral blood by centrifugation using discontinuous percoll (colloidal silica) gradients. infected aotus monkey or chimpanzee blood was diluted and placed on a discontinuous gradient containing 30%, 40%, 45%, and 50% percoll (v/v in media) layers before centrifugation at 1,450 x g. parasitized erythrocytes were concentrated to greater than 95% schizont-infected cells in two bands that contained an average ... | 1986 | 3006527 |
| varicella-like herpesvirus infections of nonhuman primates. | at least three distinct herpesviruses cause varicella like exanthematous diseases among nonhuman primates. spontaneous epizootics have resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates among cercopithecus aethiops, erythrocebus patas and macaca species in research colonies. mild infections have been observed in infant chimpanzees and a gorilla. this group of diseases is of interest not only because they are a threat to primate colonies, but also because their pathologic similarity to progressive hu ... | 1986 | 3007865 |
| insertion and/or deletion of many repeated dna sequences in human and higher ape evolution. | the total numbers of copies of two repeat families, l1 (kpn i) and alu, have been measured in the dna of four higher apes by an accurate titration method. the number of members of the alu family repeats in the four genomes are as follows: human, 910,000; chimpanzee, 330,000; gorilla, 410,000; orangutan, 580,000. for the kpn i family (3'-ward higher frequency region) the number of copies in these genomes are as follows: human, 107,000; chimpanzee, 51,000; gorilla, 64,000; orangutan, 84,000. therm ... | 1986 | 3012536 |
| differences among primates in defence against infection: sensitivity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to fmet-leu-phe. | the sensitivity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) to n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmet-leu-phe) for chemotaxis and for lysosomal enzyme release was examined using the pmn of four primate species, human (h. sapiens), chimpanzee (p. troglodytes), rhesus monkey (m. mulatta), and cotton-headed tamarin (s. (o) oedipus). the 50 per cent effective concentrations (ec50) of fmet-leu-phe for chemotaxis were 2.5 x 10(-9) m in human, 10(-9) m in chimpanzee, 8 x 10(-8) m in rhesus monkey, and ... | 1985 | 3013451 |
| fecal excretion of greek strains of hepatitis a virus in patients with hepatitis a and in experimentally infected chimpanzees. | the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in stool samples was determined in 36 children (mean age, 8.9 years) and 38 adults (mean age, 19.9 years) with acute type a hepatitis. three stool samples, taken on admission and thereafter at three-to-five-day intervals, were collected from each patient. the first day of dark urine was considered to be the onset of illness. molecular hybridization of cloned hav cdna to fecal extracts was used to detect hav rna; radioimmunoassay was used to detect hav anti ... | 1986 | 3014009 |
| a long interspersed (line) dna exhibiting polymorphic patterns in human genomes. | several human dnas digested with kpn i restriction endonuclease released a 0.6-kilobase (kb) segment that varied in its intensity among human samples. a recombinant dna clone (n6.4) of these 0.6-kb kpn i segments was isolated and used to probe the genomic content and restriction cleavage pattern of homologous sequences. the hybridization patterns revealed a previously undescribed, moderately repetitive long interspersed (line) sequence family, which we have termed l2hs (second line family in hom ... | 1986 | 3014514 |
| amplification and chromosomal dispersion of human endogenous retroviral sequences. | endogenous retroviral sequences in humans have undergone amplification events involving both viral and flanking cellular sequences. we cloned members of an amplified family of full-length endogenous retroviral sequences. genomic blotting, employing a flanking cellular dna probe derived from a member of this family, revealed a similar array of reactive bands in both humans and chimpanzees, indicating that an amplification event involving retroviral and associated cellular dna sequences occurred b ... | 1986 | 3016318 |
| the transmembrane segment of the human transferrin receptor functions as a signal peptide. | the human transferrin receptor (tr) is a protein comprising 760 amino acid residues that spans the membrane once with its n terminus towards the cytoplasm. it is synthesized without a cleavable signal peptide. we have tested whether the signal responsible for its membrane insertion is present within its transmembrane peptide using a combined recombinant dna/in vitro translation approach. the complete tr coding region was first reconstructed from overlapping tr cdna clones and then engineered int ... | 1986 | 3017701 |
| reinitiation of translocation in the semliki forest virus structural polyprotein: identification of the signal for the e1 glycoprotein. | the biosynthesis of the semliki forest virus (sfv) structural proteins provides an interesting model system to study the reinitiation of translocation of membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. the two transmembrane spike proteins, p62 and e1, are derived from a single polypeptide precursor. once the first protein, p62, has been anchored and its cytoplasmic tail has been synthesized, translocation must be reinitiated to account for the insertion of the e1 protein. we have used ... | 1986 | 3017702 |
| vaginal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to a chimpanzee. | | 1986 | 3021872 |
| new findings in live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccine development. | strain cr326f of hepatitis a virus, derived from a fecal specimen of costa rican patient 033-03, was passed 15 times in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (frhk6) cell cultures plus eight times in human diploid lung (mrc5) cell cultures to yield variant f and 16 times in mrc5 cell cultures to yield variant f'. both variants were purified by limit dilution passages. virulence for marmosets was assessed at six different passage levels, including variants f and f'. there was a gradual loss of virulence wit ... | 1986 | 3021899 |
| the alui-induced bands in great apes and man: implication for heterochromatin characterization and satellite dna distribution. | restriction endonucleases have recently been proved to be active on fixed chromatin, producing differences in staining of metaphase chromosomes. in this paper we show the results obtained by treating the metaphase chromosomes of pan troglodytes, pan paniscus, and gorilla gorilla with the restriction enzyme alui. these results demonstrate qualitative differences in the telomeric heterochromatin between pan and gorilla despite the fact that these areas appear homogeneous in the two genera by the c ... | 1987 | 3028715 |
| cytomembranous inclusions observed in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. clinical and experimental review. | two types of cytomembranous inclusions commonly occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related conditions: tubuloreticular inclusions (tri) and cylindrical confronting cisternae (ccc). clinical and experimental studies both indicate that the occurrence of tri in aids, systemic lupus erythematosus, or viral infections is directly related to endogenous systemic or local elevations of type i interferons (interferons alpha or beta). moreover, these inclusions devel ... | 1987 | 3030221 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of an attenuated hepatitis a virus: comparison with wild-type virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an attenuated hepatitis a virus, hav hm-175/7 mk-5, was determined from cloned cdna. this virus was derived from wild-type hav hm-175 after 32 passages in african green monkey kidney cells. the resultant cell culture-adapted virus is attenuated for chimpanzees. this virus was passaged an additional three times in monkey kidney cells to obtain sufficient virus for molecular cloning and was designated hm-175/7 mk-5. three overlapping cdna clones were obtained th ... | 1987 | 3031686 |
| leukocyte migration inhibition detects cross-reacting antigens between cells transformed by epstein-barr virus (ebv) and ebv-like simian viruses. | the leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) technique was used to measure the t cell-mediated immune response of epstein-barr-virus (ebv)-seropositive human donors to antigens associated with b cell lines of simian origin, transformed by simian ebv-like viruses, herpesvirus papio (hvp), h. pan, h. gorilla and h. pongo. extracts of cell lines carrying three of the four simian viruses (from gorilla, chimpanzee and orangutan) induced a positive lmi response, whereas lines carrying baboon-derived hvp w ... | 1986 | 3034820 |
| orangutan fetal globin genes. nucleotide sequence reveal multiple gene conversions during hominid phylogeny. | we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the linked gamma 1- and gamma 2- fetal globin genes from a single orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) chromosome and compared them with the corresponding genes of other simian primates (gamma 1- and gamma 2-genes of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and the single gamma-gene of the spider monkey). previous studies have indicated that the two gamma-gene loci in catarrhine primates resulted from a duplication about 25-35 million years ago. however, comparisons of al ... | 1987 | 3034897 |
| animal models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | substantial advances have already been made in the understanding of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the major issues for aids research during the next few years must be practical ones: the development of a safe, effective vaccine for individuals not yet infected with the causative virus and the development of drug therapies for those already infected. suitable animal models will be needed for studies designed to achieve these goals. areas of investigation in animal models can be divid ... | 1987 | 3037674 |
| different subfamilies of alphoid repetitive dna are present on the human and chimpanzee homologous chromosomes 21 and 22. | the alphoid repeat dna on chimpanzee chromosome 22 was compared with alphoid repeat dna on its human homologue, chromosome 21. hybridization of different alphoid probes under various conditions of stringency show that the alphoid repeats of chimpanzee chromosome 22 are not closely related to those of human chromosome 21. sequence analysis of cloned dimer and tetramer ecori fragments from chimpanzee chromosome 22 confirm the low overall level of homology, but reveal the presence of several nucleo ... | 1987 | 3038531 |
| evidence of hepatitis a infection in immature rhesus monkeys. | forty immature (less than 2 years old) rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) with marked increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were examined. serological and histopathological evaluations were done to determine if affected animals were infected with hepatitis a virus. although no clinical signs of illness were noted in any of the monkeys, an excellent correlation was found between the increased serum aminotransferase values and seropositivity with the acute phase (igm) havab-m ... | 1987 | 3039712 |
| differences of superoxide production in blood leukocytes stimulated with thymol between human and non-human primates. | thymol induced superoxide production (o2-) by blood leukocytes was examined in various primates including man. leukocytes of chimpanzee and hamadryas baboon cells showed only 35% of the maximal o2- production rate obtained in human cells, and those of the japanese monkey and orang-utan failed to respond. in contrast, when cells were stimulated with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, no significant difference in the o2- production rate was observed between human and monkey cells except for chimp ... | 1987 | 3041150 |
| anti-idiotypic antibodies as immunogens: idiotype-based vaccines. | numerous studies have documented that antibodies may regulate the immune system and form the basis of vaccines, namely anti-idiotype vaccines. antibodies carry individual idiotype antigenic determinants against which antibodies can be formed. when the anti-idiotype recognizes the same site that recognizes the primary antigen, a mirror image or combining site antibody may be generated. other anti-idiotypes which recognize non-combining antigenic determinants have also been used. the evidence is r ... | 1988 | 3048008 |
| sexual aggression in the great apes. | species-typical frequencies of copulation during the menstrual cycle differ among common chimpanzee, orang-utan, and gorilla, but all three species exhibit a midcycle enhancement associated with estrus. thus, in the natural habitat, chimpanzees mate for 10-14 days, orang-utans for 5-6 days, and gorillas for 2-3 days. in traditional laboratory pair-tests, however, conducted in a single cage with both animals freely accessible to each other, all three species of great apes copulate more frequently ... | 1988 | 3048166 |
| leprosy as a zoonosis: an update. | naturally-acquired leprosy has been reported in nine-banded armadillos captured in the southern united states, a chimpanzee from sierra leone, and in two "sooty" mangabey monkeys from nigeria. a significant prevalence of leprosy in wild armadillos establishes this animal as a reservoir of m. leprae, and exposure to armadillos has been implicated as a source of leprosy in humans. current evidence suggests that leprosy is a zoonosis in certain nonhuman primate species. control and eradication prog ... | 1988 | 3051854 |
| replication and pathogenesis of the aids virus. | some of the major features of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome may be understood in terms of the characteristics of the virus. life-long infection is a consequence of the life cycle of retroviruses, the formation of stably integrated viral genetic information into host-cell dna. the silent infection, controlled replication, and profile replication may be understood in terms of the interactions of the positive and negative regulatory genes that control virus growth. selective infectivity a ... | 1988 | 3063806 |
| [capillaria brochieri n. sp. (nematoda: capillariinae) intestinal parasite of the chimpanzee (pan paniscus) in zaire]. | capillaria brochieri n. sp. is described in a chimpanzee (pan paniscus schwartz, 1929) deceased from diarrhea. the male shows a unique structure of the caudal extremity: two flat paddles, with distal insertion, extend forward on each side of the ventral genital opening. the spicule (1,750 microns in length) shows a flattened anterior extremity and a tapered, curved posterior extremity. the cirrus is non-spiny and very long. two narrow and very long lateral alae are present. the female bears a vu ... | 1988 | 3069028 |
| in vitro cultivation of exoerythrocytic stages of the human malaria parasite plasmodium malariae. | exoerythrocytic stage parasites of plasmodium malariae were obtained in vitro by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and a monkey (aotus lemurinus griseimembra) with sporozoites. schizonts were observed in chimpanzee hepatocytes 8, 11, and 13 days after inoculation. only 1 schizont was seen in aotus hepatocytes at day 13. the morphology and development rates of p. malariae exoerythrocytic stages obtained in vitro were similar to those previously descri ... | 1988 | 3079312 |
| development and evolution of the helicoidal plane of dental occlusion. | the helicoidal plane of dental occlusion is a composite feature involving axial inclination of teeth and effects of dental attrition. recent studies disagree on its distribution and significance in hominoid primates. the distribution, development, and functional basis of the helicoidal plane are investigated here, based on quantitative analysis of dental morphology and attrition in 667 human and 60 chimpanzee dentitions. helicoidal planes are nearly universal in the human and chimpanzee dentitio ... | 1986 | 3080898 |
| inhibition of development of exoerythrocytic forms of malaria parasites by gamma-interferon. | a specific dna probe was used to study the effect of recombinant rat, mouse, and human gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) on the course of sporozoite-induced malaria infections. in mice and rats infected with sporozoites of plasmodium berghei, mouse and rat gamma-ifn's strongly inhibited the development of the exoerythrocytic forms in the liver liver cells of the hosts, but not the development of the erythrocytic stages. the degree of inhibition of the exoerythrocytic forms was proportional to the dos ... | 1986 | 3085218 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis: an update. | the definition of non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanb) is improved by further characterization of what it is not (like the delta agent or non-a epidemic hepatitis) rather than by providing convincing evidence of isolation of the agent responsible for blood transfusion- or blood product-related nanb or specific markers thereof. yet, nanb research is in disquieting movement. modern biotechnology yielded its blessings to the field. however, monoclonal antibodies and molecular probes will have to be evalua ... | 1986 | 3090787 |
| an evolutionary conserved early replicating segment on the sex chromosomes of man and the great apes. | replication studies on prometaphase chromosomes of man, the chimpanzee, the pygmy chimpanzee, the gorilla, and the orangutan reveal great interspecific homologies between the autosomes. the early replicating x chromosomes clearly show a high degree of conservation of both the pattern and the time course of replication. an early replicating segment on the short arm of the x chromosomes of man (xp22.3) which escapes inactivation can be found on the x chromosomes of the great apes as well. furtherm ... | 1986 | 3096642 |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis agent to chimpanzees from patients of epidemic hepatitis. | two chimpanzees were inoculated intravenously with acute-phase sera obtained from two patients with epidemic hepatitis. they developed histopathologically confirmed hepatitis. electron microscopic examination of the liver showed peculiar cytoplasmic tubular structures in the hepatocytes. these ultrastructural findings were similar to those described for the livers of chimpanzees inoculated with the f strain of non-a, non-b hepatitis agent derived from a posttransfusion hepatitis case. the chimpa ... | 1986 | 3097358 |
| further studies by immunofluorescence of the monoclonal antibodies associated with experimental non-a, non-b hepatitis in chimpanzees and their relation to d hepatitis. | to further investigate the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies (48-1 and s-1) associated with non-a, non-b hepatitis, extensive immunofluorescence studies were performed on liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis a, b, non-a, non-b or delta, or from normal chimpanzees. both 48-1 and s-1 antibodies reacted in the same manner with liver biopsy specimens from 47 of 50 (94%) chimpanzees with acute or chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis and 15 of 18 (83%) chimpanzees with ... | 1986 | 3098665 |
| nucleotide sequences of immunoglobulin epsilon genes of chimpanzee and orangutan: dna molecular clock and hominoid evolution. | to determine the phylogenetic relationships among hominoids and the dates of their divergence, the complete nucleotide sequences of the constant region of the immunoglobulin epsilon-chain (c epsilon 1) genes from chimpanzee and orangutan have been determined. these sequences were compared with the human epsilon-chain constant-region sequence. a molecular clock (silent molecular clock), measured by the degree of sequence divergence at the synonymous (silent) positions of protein-encoding regions, ... | 1987 | 3103123 |
| hepatitis delta (delta) cdna clones: undetectable hybridization to nucleic acids from infectious non-a, non-b hepatitis materials and hepatitis b dna. | hepatitis delta (delta) cdna clones were hybridized to rna extracted from livers of chimpanzees infected with the blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) agent(s) and to total nucleic acids extracted from chimpanzee plasma containing a high titer of these nanbh agent(s). since no hybridization was observed, the data suggests that the hepatitis delta viral genome is not closely related to the genome(s) of the nanb agent(s). our studies, in which the hepatitis b virus genomic dna was hybridized ... | 1987 | 3104533 |
| the number of nucleotides required to determine the branching order of three species, with special reference to the human-chimpanzee-gorilla divergence. | a mathematical theory for computing the probabilities of various nucleotide configurations among related species is developed, and the probability of obtaining the correct tree (topology) from nucleotide sequence data is evaluated using models of evolutionary trees that are close to the tree of mitochondrial dnas from human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon. special attention is given to the number of nucleotides required to resolve the branching order among the three most closely rela ... | 1986 | 3104615 |
| a molecular phylogeny of the hominoid primates as indicated by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. | a molecular phylogeny for the hominoid primates was constructed by using genetic distances from a survey of 383 radiolabeled fibroblast polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2de). an internally consistent matrix of nei genetic distances was generated on the basis of variants in electrophoretic position. the derived phylogenetic tree indicated a branching sequence, from oldest to most recent, of cercopithecoids (macaca fascicularis), gibbon-siamang, orangutan, gorilla, and hum ... | 1987 | 3106965 |
| nucleotide sequence of the delta-beta-globin intergenic segment in the macaque: structure and evolutionary rates in higher primates. | a 5600-base-pair (bp) fragment including the beta-globin gene and about 4000 bp of its 5' flanking sequence was cloned from the dna of macaca cynomolgus (an old world monkey), and the 5' flanking region was sequenced. comparison with human, chimpanzee, mouse, rabbit, and xenopus orthologous sequences reveals a tandemly repeated sequence called rs4 at the same position (about 500 bp 5' from the transcription start of the adult beta-globin gene) in all six species. we suggest that a tandemly repea ... | 1987 | 3110423 |
| nucleotide sequence of the beta-globin genes in gorilla and macaque: the origin of nucleotide polymorphisms in human. | part of the beta-globin genes of macaca cynomolgus and gorilla gorilla has been cloned and sequenced. ten putatively neutral nucleotide polymorphisms have been described at the beta-globin locus in humans. they are associated in seven combinations, which define seven different haplotypes of the beta-globin gene: four major frameworks--1, 2, 3, and 3--and three minor frameworks, which we term ki1, ka1, and or1. the nucleotide sequences of these frameworks are compared with those of homologous seq ... | 1987 | 3110424 |
| nut-like oil seeds: food for monkeys, chimpanzees, humans, and probably ape-men. | the hypothetical hyperrobust australopithecine gnathic nutcracker adaptation is reexamined in light of ecobotanical information on edible wild nuts provided by the flora of tropical and subtropical africa. the nut producing species are tree-forms. those of the forest region do not as a rule produce fruits with edible mesocarps. in contrast, the woodland savanna species (particularly in the zambezian region) characteristically provide an important whole fruit, i.e., a nutritious mesocarp in addit ... | 1987 | 3113265 |
| relation between non-a, non-b and delta hepatitis: studies with monoclonal antibodies. | to further investigate the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies (48-1 and s-1) associated with nanb hepatitis, extensive if studies were carried out on liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis a, b, nanb, or d, or from normal chimpanzees. both 48-1 and s-1 antibodies reacted in the same manner with liver biopsy specimens from 47 of 50 (94%) chimpanzees with acute or chronic nanb hepatitis and 15 of 18 (83%) chimpanzees with type d hepatitis. examinations of serial ... | 1987 | 3114765 |
| phylogenetic relations of humans and african apes from dna sequences in the psi eta-globin region. | sequences from the upstream and downstream flanking dna regions of the psi eta-globin locus in pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee), gorilla gorilla (gorilla), and pongo pygmaeus (orangutan, the closest living relative to homo, pan, and gorilla) provided further data for evaluating the phylogenetic relations of humans and african apes. these newly sequenced orthologs [an additional 4.9 kilobase pairs (kbp) for each species] were combined with published psi eta-gene sequences and then compared to ... | 1987 | 3116671 |
| superiority of the chimpanzee animal model to study the pathogenicity of known mycoplasma pneumoniae and reputed mycoplasma pathogens. | as far as we know, humans are the only known natural hosts for m. pneumoniae disease. whereas volunteer studies have provided useful data on the pathogenesis of disease and efficacy of vaccines, experimentally inducing disease in humans raises serious ethical questions and has become increasingly difficult to defend. thus, there is a genuine need for a satisfactory animal model to study m. pneumoniae disease. using the cotton rat and developing chick embryo models, eaton and co-workers (9-13) ha ... | 1987 | 3117729 |
| sequence of a new world primate insulin having low biological potency and immunoreactivity. | the organization of the insulin gene of the owl or night monkey (aotus trivirgatus), a new world primate, is similar to that of the human gene. the sequences of these two genes and flanking regions possess 84.3% homology. an unusual feature of the owl monkey gene is the partial duplication and insertion of a portion of the a-chain coding sequence into the 3' untranslated region. the insulin gene of this primate also lacks a region of tandem repeats that is present in the 5' flanking region of th ... | 1987 | 3118367 |
| man's place in hominoidea as inferred from molecular clocks of dna. | divergence dates among primates were estimated by molecular clock analysis of dna sequence data. a molecular clock of eta-globin pseudogene was calibrated by setting the date of divergence between catarrhini and platyrrhini at 38 million years (myr) ago. the clock gave dates of 25.3 +/- 2.4, 11.9 +/- 1.7, 5.9 +/- 1.2, and 4.9 +/- 1.2 myr ago ( +/- refers to standard error) for the separation of rhesus monkey, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee, respectively, from the line leading to humans. in p ... | 1987 | 3125331 |
| dna hybridization evidence of hominoid phylogeny: results from an expanded data set. | the living hominoids are human, the two species of chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan, and nine species of gibbons. the cercopithecoids (old world monkeys) are the sister group of the hominoids. a consensus about the phylogeny of the hominoids has been reached for the branching order of the gibbons (earliest) and the orangutan (next earliest), but the branching order among gorilla, chimpanzees, and human remains in contention. in 1984 we presented dna-dna hybridization data, based on 183 dna hybrid ... | 1987 | 3125341 |
| polymorphism of glycophorins in nonhuman primate erythrocytes. | using immunoblotting techniques and polyclonal antisera to human erythrocyte alpha glycophorin, we show that erythrocytes of several species of nonhuman primates, including representatives of anthropoid apes (19 chimpanzees, 3 gorillas, 6 orangutans, and 3 gibbons) and old world monkeys (3 baboons, 5 rhesus monkeys, and 6 cynomolgus macaques), contain human alpha glycophorin-like molecules. each species displays a unique glycophorin profile; in anthropoid apes the profile is more complex than in ... | 1987 | 3128973 |
| spumaviruses isolated from sources containing agents of non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis do not cause nanb hepatitis. | serum and liver tissue containing infective non-a, non-b hepatitis virus were shown to contain a retrovirus-like agent that replicated when inoculated into chimpanzee liver cell cultures in vitro. the virus appeared to assemble its core particles in association with tubular structures reminiscent of those characteristically seen in non-a, non-b hepatitis virus-infected chimpanzee liver in vivo, and produced syncytial cytopathic effects in a number of continuous and a primary mammalian liver cell ... | 1988 | 3130462 |
| intracerebral inoculation of experimental animals with brain tissue from patients with schizophrenia. failure to observe consistent or specific behavioral and neuropathological effects. | to test the possibility that some cases of schizophrenia result from infection with a transmissible slow viral agent, 57 experimental animals (six chimpanzees, 12 old world monkeys, 17 new world monkeys, and 22 guinea pigs) were inoculated intracerebrally with brain tissue from ten patients and followed up for six years. behavioral comparisons with control animals revealed no consistent behavioral differences. histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric examination of brains of animals t ... | 1988 | 3132907 |
| [the use of tools by primates: definition, criteria and hypotheses of its appearance in anthropogenesis]. | the different approaches to the definition of "tool-using" and "tool" are discussed. the definitions of tool-using are given, the hypotheses of the tool-using origin in phylogenesis of primates: emotional, social tradition, playing, accumulations' objects are adduced. the modern data on tool-using for catching ants and termites, for cracking palm-nuts by wild chimpanzees under natural inhabitation, population and sex differences in tool-using are given. a conclusion has been made that tool-using ... | 1988 | 3132986 |
| a human-derived probe, p82h, hybridizes to the centromeres of gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan. | a human-derived centromeric sequence, p82h, hybridizes to dna from gorilla, chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, and orangutan. on dna blots, multimeric ladders based on 170 or 340 bp repeat units are seen. in metaphase chromosome preparations from these species, p82h hybridizes to the centromeric region of every chromosome. p82h forms less stable hybrids with dna from the lion-tailed macaque and does not hybridize to dna or chromosomes of the owl monkey or the mouse. | 1988 | 3133178 |
| multiple recombinational events in primate immunoglobulin epsilon and alpha genes suggest closer relationship of humans to chimpanzees than to gorillas. | immunoglobulin epsilon and alpha genes of chimpanzee and gorilla were isolated and their structures were compared with their human counterparts. multiple deletions and duplications seem to have happened in both genes during hominoid evolution; the chimpanzee had deleted the entire c epsilon 2 gene after its divergence. in addition, the length of the c alpha 1 hinge region of gorilla is distinct from those of chimpanzee and humans. structural homology of the epsilon and alpha genes suggests that ... | 1988 | 3133489 |
| higher-primate phylogeny--why can't we decide? | at present, no definitive agreement on either the correct branching order or differential rates of evolution among the higher primates exists, despite the accumulated integration of decades of morphological, immunological, protein and nucleic acid sequence data, and numerous reasonable theoretical models for the analysis, interpretation, and understanding of those data. of the three distinct unrooted phylogenetic trees, that joining human with chimpanzee and the gorilla with the orangutan is cur ... | 1988 | 3133535 |
| delta and non-a, non-b hepatitis viruses. | a review is given on the current knowledge of the hepatitis delta virus (hdv), the only hepatotropic non-a and non-b (nanb) virus characterized, although the infection it causes requires infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv). studies in chimpanzees have provided the most data now available on the putative nanb agents. histologic and electron microscopic changes occurring in hdv and nanb hepatitis have been shown to be comparable, and some biologic, epidemiologic and clinical features are simila ... | 1988 | 3137031 |
| lucy's length: stature reconstruction in australopithecus afarensis (a.l.288-1) with implications for other small-bodied hominids. | new stature estimates are provided for a.l.288-1 (australopithecus afarensis) based on (1) the relationship between femur length and stature in separate samples of human pygmies and pygmy chimpanzees and (2) model ii regression alternatives to standard least-squares methods. estimates from the two samples are very similar and converge on a value of approximately 3'6" for "lucy." these results are compared to prior estimates and extended to other small-bodied hominids such as sts-14 and o.h.62. a ... | 1988 | 3137822 |
| experimental hantavirus infection in nonhuman primates. | mild, transient proteinuria and azotemia were produced in three cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) and a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) following intravenous inoculation with prospect hill virus, a hantavirus isolated from meadow voles in the united states. this is the first demonstration of an acute nephropathy in nonhuman primates with the viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | 1988 | 3137914 |
| human and primate monoclonal antibodies for in vivo therapy. | human monoclonal antibodies, owing to their decreased immunogenicity, are expected to be an improvement over mouse monoclonal antibodies for in vivo therapy. human and primate monoclonal antibodies are best produced with a human x mouse heteromyeloma. several human chromosomes are stable in the human x (human x mouse) hybrids. chimpanzee anti-digoxin monoclonal antibodies were prepared and characterized. because they are structurally very similar to human antibodies, they should be well tolerate ... | 1988 | 3138037 |
| inactivation of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis non-a, non-b virus in intravenous immunoglobulin by beta-propiolactone. | beta-propiolactone (beta-pl) treatment has been evaluated for its ability to inactivate 10(3.5) chimpanzee infectious doses (cid50) of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis non-a, non-b virus (hnanbv). two chimpanzees were inoculated with a beta-pl-treated immunoglobulin solution to which this dose of the titrated virus had been added prior to beta-pl treatment. beta-pl treatment was performed in accordance with the production procedure used for a licensed intravenous immunoglobulin preparation. ne ... | 1988 | 3144576 |
| antibodies to soluble cd4 in hiv-1-infected individuals. | a direct enzyme immunoassay (eia) using the recombinant soluble form of cd4 (scd4) produced in rodent cells as antigen was applied to detect antibodies to cd4 in sera from hiv-1- and hiv-2-infected patients. high titers of antibodies to scd4 were found in sera from 12.6% of the hiv-1-infected persons included in this study, but not in 120 normal human sera. the reactivity of these antibodies with scd4 was confirmed by a western blot analysis. a possible anti-idiotypic origin of those antibodies ... | 1988 | 3146262 |
| molecular phylogeny and evolution of primate mitochondrial dna. | we determined nucleotide sequences of homologous 0.9-kb fragments of mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas) derived from four species of old-world monkeys, one species of new-world monkeys, and two species of prosimians. with these nucleotide sequences and homologous sequences for five species of hominoids, we constructed a phylogenetic tree for the four groups of primates. the phylogeny obtained is generally consistent with evolutionary trees constructed in previous studies. our results also suggest that ... | 1988 | 3146681 |
| chimpanzee model for hepatitis non-a, non-b related hepatocellular carcinoma. | | 1988 | 3148033 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a chimpanzee. | epidemiology has indicated the possible association of non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in man, but there are no means for confirmation. chimpanzees are recognized models for studying hepatitis b and nanbh, and may become carriers of both. the first case of hcc to be reported in chimpanzees was found after longitudinal study of a hepatitis b-free chimpanzee 7 years after inoculation with human plasma from a patient reported to have chronic nanbh. | 1988 | 3148034 |
| comparison of pathologic changes in mammalian hosts infected with schistosoma mansoni, s. japonicum and s. haematobium. | the hepatic, intestinal and cardiopulmonary lesions produced by schistosoma mansoni, s. haematobium and s. japonicum in man and experimental animals often bear striking similarities but usually have distinctive features as well. these are often related to parasitologic differences. thus s. japonicum and s. haematobium lay their eggs in clusters which elicit the formation of large composite granulomas. the worms of these two species also tend to be sedentary, remaining in a single location for pr ... | 1987 | 3151114 |
| a final report on safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent aqueous subunit hbv vaccine. | the bivalent form of an aqueous formalin-inactivated hepatitis b vaccine was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in chimpanzees. to evaluate safety five animals were inoculated intravenously with vaccine containing 500 micrograms hbsag and two animals with 50 micrograms. none of these animals developed hepatitis or any serologic marker indicative of the presence of residual live virus in the vaccine. twenty-four animals were used to evaluate immunogenicity and protective efficacy. seven of t ... | 1985 | 3156961 |
| puberty in the chimpanzee: somatomedin-c and its relationship to somatic growth and steroid hormone concentrations. | a relationship between sex steroids and the somatomedins (sms) is well known, but poorly defined. in some primates, including man, there are pubertal increases in sms, concurrent with increased growth and sex steroid production. in the current studies, indices of somatic growth [body weight, crown-rump length (crl), and testis size (testicular volume index)] and circulating concentrations of testosterone (t), estradiol (e2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (dhea-s), cortisol, and sm-c were determ ... | 1985 | 3158669 |
| temporal development of cross-neutralization between htlv-iii b and htlv-iii rf in experimentally infected chimpanzees. | sera from chimpanzees inoculated respectively with htlv-iii b, lav, htlv-iii rf and brain tissue from an aids patient were analysed for neutralizing activity by two methods: a cell fusion inhibition test (cfi) using htlv-iii b infected cells as inoculum and cd4+ cells as target and a replication inhibition test (rit) using cell-free htlv-iii b as well as htlv-iii rf as inoculum and also cd4+ cells as target. all chimpanzees seroconverted for htlv-iii b antibodies within 2 months after inoculatio ... | 1988 | 3166553 |
| complex events in the evolution of the haptoglobin gene cluster in primates. | southern blot analyses of genomic dna show that new world monkeys have only one haptoglobin gene but that chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and old world monkeys have three. humans have two: haptoglobin (hp) and haptoglobin-related (hpr). these observations suggest that a triplication of the haptoglobin locus occurred after the divergence of the new world monkeys, followed by a deletion of one locus in humans. to investigate these events, we have cloned the haptoglobin gene cluster in chimpanze ... | 1988 | 3170608 |
| sequences beyond the cleavage site influence signal peptide function. | the earliest events in protein secretion include targeting to and translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. to dissect the mechanism by which signal sequences mediate translocation in eukaryotes, we are examining the behavior of fusion proteins and deletion mutants in cell-free systems. we demonstrate that the protein domain being translocated can have profound impact on the efficiency of the translocation process. specifically, deletions in the mature prolactin "passenger" domain ... | 1988 | 3170612 |
| successful postexposure vaccination against hepatitis b in chimpanzees. | to study the effect of postexposure vaccination, four chimpanzees were vaccinated with hepatitis b (hb) vaccine 4, 8, 48, and 72 hr, respectively, after intravenous injection of an infectious hepatitis b virus (hbv) inoculum. the second and third vaccine inoculations were given 2 and 6 weeks later, i.e., at considerably shorter intervals than recommended either for ordinary prophylactic vaccination or for postexposure vaccination in combination with hepatitis b immune globulin (hbig). the chimpa ... | 1988 | 3171558 |
| molecular systematics of higher primates: genealogical relations and classification. | we obtained 5' and 3' flanking sequences (5.4 kilobase pairs) from the psi eta-globin gene region of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) and combined them with available nucleotide data. the completed sequence, representing 10.8 kilobase pairs of contiguous noncoding dna, was compared to the same orthologous regions available for human (homo sapiens, as represented by five different alleles), common chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). the nucl ... | 1988 | 3174657 |
| characterization of self-cleaving rna sequences on the genome and antigenome of human hepatitis delta virus. | recently we reported that in vitro rna transcripts complementary to the genome of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) contain a unique site at which self-cleavage can occur. subsequent studies showed that a similar self-cleavage site was present on in vitro rna transcripts of genomic hdv rna. the same self-cleavage reactions were also found to occur on hdv rnas from the livers of infected chimpanzees. using the in vitro rna it was also possible to determine that the minimum length of contiguous sequence ... | 1988 | 3184270 |
| evidence for replication of hepatitis delta virus rna in hepatocyte nuclei after in vivo infection. | examination of a naturally infected human liver and experimentally infected chimpanzee and woodchuck livers by in situ hybridization showed that hepatitis delta virus (hdv) rna was restricted to hepatocytes. genomic rna was 20-30 times more abundant than antigenomic rna and was predominantly single-stranded while antigenomic rna was predominantly double-stranded. in acute delta hepatitis, viral rna was a more reliable marker of virus infection in single cells than hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) ... | 1988 | 3188398 |
| serial passage of hepatitis delta virus in chronic hepatitis b virus carrier chimpanzees. | five consecutive passages of hepatitis delta virus in hepatitis b virus carrier chimpanzees were performed in order to further characterize the infectious and pathogenic nature of this naturally occurring defective virus. three animals received identical inocula at fourth passage in order to assess individual animal variation as a factor in the course of infection and disease. acute hepatitis delta virus infection occurred in all hepatitis b virus carrier chimpanzees as demonstrated by coinciden ... | 1988 | 3192181 |
| x-y crossing over in the chimpanzee. | single-copy dna sequences defining several pseudoautosomal loci on the human sex chromosomes are shown to be highly conserved in the genome of the chimpanzee. segregation analysis of polymorphic pseudoautosomal probes in a chimpanzee pedigree revealed that the transmission of the paternal alleles was not strictly sex-linked. in situ hybridization localized the pseudoautosomal probe 29c1 specifically to xp22-xpter and to yq12.2-yqter on the chimpanzee sex chromosomes. thus, our results demonstrat ... | 1988 | 3192220 |
| wild chimpanzees upgraded to endangered species. | | 1988 | 3200299 |
| lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in prostate and testis of wild animals and some histological remarks. | the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) isoenzyme pattern of prostate and of testis of 27 wild animals showed that in several species more than 5 isoenzymes are detected, with electrophoretic mobilities different to those found in humans. the ldh-x band, found in testis from mature humans is also observed in the testis of wild animals. however, in several species more than one ldh-x is found. the results obtained demonstrate their usefulness in phylogeny. the prostate gland and testis of the chimpanzee ... | 1988 | 3201651 |
| back muscle function during bipedal walking in chimpanzee and gibbon: implications for the evolution of human locomotion. | the evolution of erect posture and locomotion continues to be a major focus of interest among paleoanthropologists and functional morphologists. to date, virtually all of our knowledge about the functional role of the back muscles in the evolution of bipedalism is based on human experimental data. in order to broaden our evolutionary perspective on the vertebral region, we have undertaken an electromyographic (emg) analysis of three deep back muscles (multifidus, longissimus thoracis, iliocostal ... | 1988 | 3207169 |
| pigeons' choices in situations of diminishing returns: fixed- versus progressive-ratio schedules. | in two different discrete-trial procedures, pigeons were faced with choices between fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio schedules. the latter schedules entail diminishing returns, a feature analogous to foraging situations in the wild. in the first condition (no reset), subjects chose between a progressive-ratio schedule that increased in increments of 20 throughout a session and a fixed-ratio schedule that was constant across blocks of sessions. the size of the fixed ratio was varied parametrical ... | 1988 | 3209955 |
| a subfamily of alphoid repetitive dna shared by the nor-bearing human chromosomes 14 and 22. | the nucleotide sequence of members of an alpha-repeat subfamily shared by human chromosomes 14 and 22 is presented. this subfamily is organized into a higher-order repeat unit composed of a tandem repetition of an ordered array of four related but distinct 340-bp repeat dimers. an analogous situation has been described for a related but distinct subfamily shared by chromosomes 13 and 21. these two subfamilies were further shown not to be present on the homologous chimpanzee chromosomes and there ... | 1988 | 3224978 |
| physiology of animal behavior: dynamics of chimpanzee heart rhythm during perception of an emotionally charged human voice. | | 1988 | 3237328 |
| human-type blood group activities on chimpanzee erythrocytes with special reference to m and n. | human-type blood group activities on the red blood cells (rbcs) of three chimpanzees were individually examined with commercial mouse monoclonal antibodies (anti-a, -b, -h, -m, -n, -lea, and -leb) as well as lectins (uea-i and vga) and conventional polyclonal antisera for the systems abo, mn, lewis, rh-hr, p, kell, kidd, duffy, and lutheran. for further analysis of the mn antigens, treatment of the rbcs with sialidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin were employed. the activities recognized among the ... | 1988 | 3239260 |
| the behavioral repertoire of the black-and-white ruffed lemur, varecia variegata variegata (primates: lemuridae). | a stable social group of 7 semifree-ranging black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) was studied for 4 months to catalog the behavioral repertoire of this species. observations focussed on particular aspects of behavior were conducted before and after this 4-month period to supplement information gathered. behavior in 11 major categories is detailed: postures, terrestrial locomotion, arboreal locomotion, feeding behavior, vocalizations, scent-marking, affinitive social behavio ... | 1988 | 3251818 |
| large scale production of the vertebrate infective stage (l3) of onchocerca volvulus (filarioidea: onchocercidae). | laboratory-derived simulium yahense and s. sanctipauli females were used to produce large numbers of onchocerca volvulus infective stage larvae (l3) for use in assessing the possible chemoprophylactic potential of ivermectin in the chimpanzee model. engorgement rates and subsequent post-prandial survival were correlated with the time at which adult flies were offered a carbohydrate source following emergence and the age of flies that fed on microfiladermic volunteers. | 1988 | 3275138 |
| allelic forms of gp195, a major blood-stage antigen of plasmodium falciparum, are expressed in liver stages. | mature exoerythrocytic (ee) forms of two cloned lines (3d7 and hb3) of plasmodium falciparum were obtained in the livers of splenectomized chimpanzees. sectioned preparations were examined by immunofluorescence (ifa) using mabs that distinguished allelic variants of the blood-form antigen gp195 and mabs that recognized multiple conserved epitopes of gp195. ee forms and blood schizonts exhibited identical ifa reactions for each respective clone, showing that the antigen was expressed identically ... | 1988 | 3275737 |
| antibodies to the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen of plasmodium falciparum elicited by infection with plasmodium malariae. | the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) of plasmodium falciparum (resa-p), found in the membrane of erythrocytes infected with young asexual stages of p. falciparum, is a promising vaccine candidate. antibodies to resa-p were inducible by infection with another human malaria species, p. malariae. of 298 serum samples from inhabitants of three isolated localities in peru where p. vivax and p. malariae were endemic and p. falciparum had never been reported, 26% had anti-resa-p antibod ... | 1988 | 3278979 |
| fatal shigellosis in a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) in the jos zoo, nigeria. | shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae was diagnosed in an adult male captive chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) which died suddenly after a brief recovery from illness lasting at least 3 wk. confirmatory diagnosis was based on postmortem examination and cultural isolation of shigella dysenteriae from the intestine, liver, lung, spleen and heart blood. | 1988 | 3280840 |
| hepatitis b vaccine produced in yeast. | a gene encoding the 226 amino acid hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), subtype adw, was cloned into a generalized vector for the expression of heterologous genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the 5' end of the genomic hbsag gene was replaced with a chemically synthesized dna segment that conserved the amino acid sequence of the protein but utilized dna sequences that optimize translation initiation in yeast. high-cell-density fermentations of laboratory strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae have b ... | 1988 | 3292698 |
| experimental hepatitis delta virus infection in the chimpanzee. | | 1987 | 3306703 |
| chesson strain plasmodium vivax in saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. | nine saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys were inoculated with sporozoites of plasmodium vivax (chesson strain) dissected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected by feeding on blood from infected chimpanzees. the animals were splenectomized 7 days after inoculation. seven animals developed infections with prepatent periods ranging from 12 to 43 days (mean of 19.6 days). parasitemias were low during the first 50 days. maximum parasitemias in 5 animals in which the strain adapted ranged from ... | 1987 | 3309241 |