| common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) as a nonhuman primate model to assess the virulence of eastern equine encephalitis virus strains. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) produces the most severe human arboviral disease in north america (na) and is a potential biological weapon. however, genetically and antigenically distinct strains from south america (sa) have seldom been associated with human disease or mortality despite serological evidence of infection. because mice and other small rodents do not respond differently to the na versus sa viruses like humans, we tested common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) by using intra ... | 2008 | 18614636 |
| early parental deprivation in the marmoset monkey produces long-term changes in hippocampal expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity and implicated in mood disorder. | in mood disorder, early stressors including parental separation are vulnerability factors, and hippocampal involvement is prominent. in common marmoset monkeys, daily parental deprivation during infancy produces a prodepressive state of increased basal activity and reactivity in stress systems and mild anhedonia that persists at least to adolescence. here we examined the expression of eight genes, each implicated in neural plasticity and in the pathophysiology of mood disorder, in the hippocampu ... | 2009 | 18615010 |
| natural plasmodium infections in brazilian wild monkeys: reservoirs for human infections? | four hundred and forty-eight samples of total blood from wild monkeys living in areas where human autochthonous malaria cases have been reported were screened for the presence of plasmodium using microscopy and pcr analysis. samples came from the following distinct ecological areas of brazil: atlantic forest (n=140), semideciduous atlantic forest (n=257) and cerrado (a savannah-like habitat) (n=51). thick and thin blood smears of each specimen were examined and plasmodium infection was screened ... | 2008 | 18620330 |
| glycan stem-cell markers are specifically expressed by spermatogonia in the adult non-human primate testis. | the glycan cell surface molecules, stage-specific embryonic antigen (ssea)-1, -3 and -4 and tumor-rejection antigen (tra)-1-60 and -1-81, are expressed in specific combinations by undifferentiated pluripotent cells, i.e. embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonal carcinoma cells, primordial germ cells and embryonic germ cells. upon differentiation of the cells, these markers vanish. recently, it has been shown that also neonatal and adult mouse testes contain pluripotent cel ... | 2008 | 18621756 |
| the midget-parvocellular pathway of marmoset retina: a quantitative light microscopic study. | the midget-parvocellular pathway in foveal retina of primates shows a "private line" (one-to-one) connectivity with cone photoreceptors. the connectivity of this pathway outside the fovea is not well understood. here, we studied the population of off midget bipolar cells across the retinae of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) by using light microscopy. cone pedicles were labeled with peanut agglutinin, off midget bipolar cells were labeled with antibodies against cd15, and midget ganglion ce ... | 2008 | 18683219 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the ml29 reassortant vaccine for lassa fever in small non-human primates. | a single injection of ml29 reassortant vaccine for lassa fever induces low, transient viremia, and low or moderate levels of ml29 replication in tissues of common marmosets depending on the dose of the vaccination. the vaccination elicits specific immune responses and completely protects marmosets against fatal disease by induction of sterilizing cell-mediated immunity. dna array analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors exposed to ml29 revealed that gene expressio ... | 2008 | 18692539 |
| germ cell differentiation in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) during fetal and neonatal life closely parallels that in the human. | testicular germ cell tumours (tgct) are thought to originate from fetal germ cells that fail to differentiate normally, but no animal model for these events has been described. we evaluated the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model by comparing perinatal germ cell differentiation with that in humans. | 2008 | 18694875 |
| microarray analysis of choroid/rpe gene expression in marmoset eyes undergoing changes in ocular growth and refraction. | visually guided ocular growth is facilitated by scleral extracellular matrix remodeling at the posterior pole of the eye. coincident with scleral remodeling, significant changes in choroidal morphology, blood flow, and protein synthesis have been shown to occur in eyes undergoing ocular growth changes. the current study is designed to identify gene expression changes that may occur in the choroid/retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) of marmoset eyes during their compensation for hyperopic defocus as ... | 2008 | 18698376 |
| construction of a high-performance human fetal liver-derived lentiviral cdna library. | the gene transduction method is a very powerful tool, not only in basic science but also in clinical medicine. regenerative medicine is one field that has close connection with both basic and clinical. recently, it has been reported that induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells can be produced from somatic cells by a three or four gene transduction. we have also recently reported that lentiviral gene transfer of the tal1/scl gene can efficiently differentiate non-human primate common marmoset es cel ... | 2008 | 18709335 |
| utility of habituation-dishabituation procedure for comparative cognitive studies of callithrix jacchus and aotus spp.: preliminary assessments. | the utility of the habituation-dishabituation procedure was examined in the common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and the owl monkeys (aotus spp.). the same movies were repeatedly shown to monkeys during an habituation phase, followed by a test phase during which monkeys were presented with a different movie. the time monkeys spent looking at the movie gradually decreased during the habituation phase and then significantly increased when they were presented the new movie. the limited findings in ... | 2008 | 18712204 |
| common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) as a potential animal model for studying psychological disorders associated with high and low responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. | social non-human primates are potential animal models for studying changes in social dynamics because they build strong emotional bonds inside the group, much as do humans. the common marmoset, a small neotropical primate, is a suitable model because of its low maintenance cost and high reproductive output in captivity associated with the presence of affiliative relationships among the members of the social group and pair bond formation. the paradigm of involuntary separation is frequently used ... | 2008 | 18751524 |
| exposure to infant scent lowers serum testosterone in father common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) males are bi-parental non-human primates that show extensive paternal behaviour. fathers are in direct sensory contact with their infants during the natal period. we found that fathers exposed to isolated scents of their infant displayed a significant drop in serum testosterone levels within 20min after exposure, whereas parentally naive males did not. these data suggest that infant's scent may have a causal role in regulating paternal testosterone in their f ... | 2008 | 18755659 |
| effects of prenatal dexamethasone treatment on physical growth, pituitary-adrenal hormones, and performance of motor, motivational, and cognitive tasks in juvenile and adolescent common marmoset monkeys. | synthetic glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (dex) are commonly used to prevent respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants, but there is emerging evidence of subsequent neurobehavioral abnormalities (e.g. problems with inattention/hyperactivity). in the present study, we exposed pregnant common marmosets (callithrix jacchus, primates) to daily repeated dex (5 mg/kg by mouth) during either early (d 42-48) or late (d 90-96) pregnancy (gestation period of 144 days). relative to control, an ... | 2008 | 18755792 |
| evolutionary modifications of human milk composition: evidence from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of anthropoid milks. | brain growth in mammals is associated with increased accretion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcpufa) in brain phospholipids. the period of maximum accumulation is during the brain growth spurt. humans have a perinatal brain growth spurt, selectively accumulating docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and other lcpufa from the third trimester through the second year of life. the emphasis on rapid postnatal brain growth and lcpufa transfer during lactation has led to the suggestion that human mil ... | 2008 | 18809203 |
| histopathology findings in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus linnaeus, 1758) with chronic weight loss associated with bile tract obstruction by infestation with platynosomum (loos, 1907). | chronic weight loss in marmosets is often associated with wasting marmoset syndrome (wms), an important disease that occurs in callitrichid colonies around the world. even though its etiology is very difficult to determine, particular variables, such as weight loss, diarrhea and alopecia, associated or not with infestation in the pancreatic ducts with trichospirura leptossoma (nematoda: thelazioidea), seem to be linked with the syndrome. this study investigated the histopathology of the lungs, d ... | 2008 | 18841441 |
| animal models for target diseases in gene therapy--using dna and sirna delivery strategies. | nanoparticles, including lipopolyamines leading to lipoplexes, liposomes, and polyplexes are targeted drug carrier systems in the current search for a successful delivery system for polynucleic acids. this review is focused on the impact of gene and sirna delivery for studies of efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics within the setting of the wide variety of in vivo animal models now used. this critical appraisal of the recent literature sets out the different models that are currently ... | 2009 | 18841450 |
| reproductive skew in female common marmosets: what can proximate mechanisms tell us about ultimate causes? | common marmosets are cooperatively breeding monkeys that exhibit high reproductive skew: most subordinate females fail to reproduce, while others attempt to breed but produce very few surviving infants. an extensive dataset on the mechanisms limiting reproduction in laboratory-housed and free living subordinate females provides unique insights into the causes of reproductive skew. non-breeding adult females undergo suppression of ovulation and inhibition of sexual behaviour; however, they receiv ... | 2009 | 18945663 |
| novel monoclonal antibodies recognizing different subsets of lymphocytes from the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset, is a small new world primate that is considered effective as an experimental animal model for various human diseases. in this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against common marmoset lymphocytes for immunological studies on the common marmoset. we established five hybridoma clones, 6c9, 10d7, 6f10, 7a4 and 5a1, producing anti-marmoset mabs against cell surface antigens on marmoset t and/or b lymphocytes. we confirmed that 6c9 and 10d7 anti ... | 2008 | 18977390 |
| substrate determines asymmetrical gait dynamics in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis). | studies of skeletal pathology indicate that injury from falling accounts for most long bone trauma in free-ranging primates, suggesting that primates should be under strong selection to manifest morphological and behavioral mechanisms that increase stability on arboreal substrates. although previous studies have identified several kinematic and kinetic features of primate symmetrical gaits that serve to increase arboreal stability, very little work has focused on the dynamics of primate asymmetr ... | 2009 | 19003922 |
| expression of synaptic and phototransduction markers during photoreceptor development in the marmoset monkey callithrix jacchus. | marmoset photoreceptor development was studied to determine the expression sequence for synaptic, opsin, and phototransduction proteins. all markers appear first in cones within the incipient foveal center or in rods at the foveal edge. recoverin appears in cones across 70% of the retina at fetal day (fd) 88, indicating that it is expressed shortly after photoreceptors are generated. synaptic markers synaptophysin, sv2, glutamate vesicular transporter 1, and ctbp2 label foveal cones at fd 88 and ... | 2009 | 19003975 |
| prenatal dexamethasone exposure in the common marmoset monkey enhances gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the aorta of adult offspring. | human epidemiological studies have indicated that low birth weight associated with an adverse intrauterine environment is related to a greater incidence of cardiovascular disorders in later life. in the foetus, endogenous glucocorticoids generally increase if there is intrauterine nutrient deficiency. the consequent glucocorticoid hyperexposure has been hypothesised to cause in utero programming of atherogenic genes. we investigated the effect of oral treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid ... | 2009 | 19005875 |
| does diffusion-tensor mr imaging provide accurate tracing of specific white matter tracts that correspond to actual anatomic and functional units in the central nervous system? | by using healthy common marmoset monkeys, yamada et al traced the retinogeniculate pathways with ultra high-spatial-resolution manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance (mr) imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging at 7 t. both methods were compared with morphologic findings described in published histopathologic studies. both methods provided identical tracing of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tracts to the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn), faithfully reproducing the crossing of ... | 2008 | 19011176 |
| developmental plasticity of the microscopic placental architecture in relation to litter size variation in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | fetal demand, shaped by factors such as number of fetuses, may alter placental regulation of exchange, even when maternal nutrition restriction is not overt. the marmoset is an interesting model in which to examine this aspect of placental function due to unique placentation that leads to multiple fetuses sharing a unified placental mass. we demonstrated previously that the triplet marmoset placenta exhibits significantly higher efficiency than does the twin placenta. here, we test the hypothesi ... | 2009 | 19038443 |
| the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model for histone and protamine expression during human spermatogenesis. | histone to protamine exchange, in man, is only 80% complete and spermatozoal histones are highly acetylated suggesting that their associated genes may be involved in early gene expression in the embryo. | 2009 | 19056771 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the common marmoset huntingtin gene. | we report here for the first time the isolation and identification of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) huntingtin (htt) gene, whose ortholog in humans is known to be related to huntington's disease (hd). a 9396 nucleotide complementary dna (cdna) carrying the putative full-length open reading frame of the marmoset htt gene was identified, and highly conserved nucleotide and amino acid sequences among primates were observed. based on this data and using tools evaluated for the detection o ... | 2009 | 19073238 |
| differential expression of glut2 in pancreatic islets and kidneys of new and old world nonhuman primates. | diabetes is a growing public health concern, and animal models of this disease are necessary for a full understanding of disease pathogenesis, progression, clinical sequelae, and treatment options. in particular, nonhuman primate models of diabetes are important because of their close genetic relationship to humans. although numerous old world primate models have been described, few studies have examined the possibility of using new world monkeys as an animal model for this disease. streptozotoc ... | 2009 | 19073904 |
| the hormonal induction of cervical remodeling in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | controversy still exists regarding the involvement of relaxin (rlx) in cervical reorganization throughout parturition in the human, despite its well-known role in facilitating extensive extracellular matrix (ecm) remodeling in diverse organs. therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of rlx and estrogen (e2) on the cervical tissue of the common marmoset monkey. two experimental designs were used: 1) in vivo analysis of the intracervical diameter under locally applied r ... | 2009 | 19106202 |
| the functional correlates of jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tree-gouging and nongouging callitrichid monkeys. | common (callithrix jacchus) and pygmy (cebuella pygmaea) marmosets and cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) share broadly similar diets of fruits, insects, and tree exudates. marmosets, however, differ from tamarins in actively gouging trees with their anterior dentition to elicit tree exudates flow. tree gouging in common marmosets involves the generation of relatively wide jaw gapes, but not necessarily relatively large bite forces. we compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporal ... | 2009 | 19140215 |
| preparation and evaluation of ethyl [(18)f]fluoroacetate as a proradiotracer of [(18)f]fluoroacetate for the measurement of glial metabolism by pet. | changes in glial metabolism in brain ischemia, alzheimer's disease, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy and manganese neurotoxicity have been reported in recent studies. therefore, it is very important to measure glial metabolism in vivo for the elucidation and diagnosis of these diseases. radiolabeled acetate is a good candidate for this purpose, but acetate has little uptake in the brain due to its low lipophilicity. we have designed a new proradiotracer, ethyl [(18)f]fluoroacetate ([(18)f]efa ... | 2009 | 19217527 |
| adaptation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins to new world monkey receptors. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection encounters an early block in the cells of new world monkeys because the cd4 receptor does not efficiently support hiv-1 entry. we adapted hiv-1(nl4-3) and hiv-1(kb9), two hiv-1 variants with different envelope glycoproteins, to replicate efficiently in cells expressing the cd4 and cxcr4 proteins of the common marmoset, a new world monkey. the hiv-1(nl4-3) adaptation involves three gp120 changes that result in a specific increase in affinity f ... | 2008 | 17959679 |
| fatty acid composition of wild anthropoid primate milks. | fatty acids in milk reflect the interplay between species-specific physiological mechanisms and maternal diet. anthropoid primates (apes, old and new world monkeys) vary in patterns of growth and development and dietary strategies. milk fatty acid profiles also are predicted to vary widely. this study investigates milk fatty acid composition of five wild anthropoids (alouatta palliata, callithrix jacchus, gorilla beringei beringei, leontopithecus rosalia, macaca sinica) to test the null hypothes ... | 2008 | 17916436 |
| postnatal ontogeny of expression of the corticosteroid receptor genes in mammalian brains: inter-species and intra-species differences. | corticosteroids are important mediators of homeostasis and stress, and exert their effects via two transcription-factor receptors, mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr). both receptors are expressed in the brain in a region-specific manner, and regulate neuroendocrine and behavioral functions. stress during early development has been demonstrated to lead to long-term alterations in mr and gr levels and in the phenotypes that they mediate. to date, however, nearly all o ... | 2008 | 17916381 |
| comparative biology of aging. | virtually, all research on basic mechanisms of aging has used species that are short lived and thus demonstrably unsuccessful at combating basic aging processes. a novel comparative approach would use a diversity of populations and species, focusing on those with particularly long, healthy lives, seeking the causative mechanisms that distinguish them from shorter lived relatives. species of interest from this perspective include the naked mole rat, a mouse-size rodent that lives up to 30 years i ... | 2009 | 19223603 |
| the maintenance of traditions in marmosets: individual habit, not social conformity? a field experiment. | social conformity is a cornerstone of human culture because it accelerates and maintains the spread of behaviour within a group. few empirical studies have investigated the role of social conformity in the maintenance of traditions despite an increasing body of literature on the formation of behavioural patterns in non-human animals. the current report presents a field experiment with free-ranging marmosets (callithrix jacchus) which investigated whether social conformity is necessary for the ma ... | 2009 | 19223965 |
| vocalisations of wild common marmosets are influenced by diurnal and ontogenetic factors. | the vocalisations of wild common marmosets, callithrix jacchus, were recorded to investigate whether call rate by individuals is affected by time of day, age, sex or dominance rank within a group. we also investigated how vocalisation pitch was affected by age, focussing on a single common call, the trill call. adults vocalised more than juveniles or infants during the majority of daylight hours. only the call rate of juveniles varied significantly over the day. no differences were found between ... | 2009 | 19224328 |
| a novel embryonic stem cell line derived from the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) exhibiting germ cell-like characteristics. | embryonic stem cells (esc) hold great promise for the treatment of degenerative diseases. however, before clinical application of esc in cell replacement therapy can be achieved, the safety and feasibility must be extensively tested in animal models. the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) is a useful preclinical non-human primate model due to its physiological similarities to human. yet, few marmoset esc lines exist and differences in their developmental potential remain unclear. | 2009 | 19251728 |
| architectural subdivisions of medial and orbital frontal cortices in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | although the common marmoset has become a model for the study of several neurological conditions that affect the frontal lobe, knowledge of the boundaries of the areas located in the orbital and medial frontal regions has remained incomplete. here we examined histological sections stained for myelin, nissl substance, and cytochrome oxidase, allowing identification of likely homologues of most of the architectural fields defined in old world monkeys. ventrally, we identified three granular fields ... | 2009 | 19260047 |
| the marmoset model of gb virus b infections: adaptation to host phenotypic variation. | worldwide, approximately 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv), and chronic infection frequently progresses to serious liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. gb virus b (gbv-b), the virus phylogenetically most closely related to hcv, causes hepatitis in tamarins. we have demonstrated the suitability of the tamarin as a host for gbv-b and as a surrogate nonhuman primate model for hcv infection, and we have initiated studies of gbv-b inf ... | 2009 | 19279089 |
| endometrial and cervical polyps in 22 baboons (papio sp.), 5 cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) and one marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | endometrial and cervical polyps are masses of endometrium or cervical epithelium that bulge into the uterine or cervical lumen. the physiopathology and contributing factors of endometrial polyps development are still unknown. | 2009 | 19281481 |
| male fertility and strategies for fertility preservation following childhood cancer treatment. | infertility in the male is a potential complication of childhood cancer treatment for long-term survivors. the risk is dependent primarily on the treatment used, but also on the underlying disease. chemotherapy (especially alkylating agents) and radiotherapy, even in low doses, may damage the seminiferous epithelium and impair spermatogenesis in both children and adults. leydig cell function and testosterone production are generally preserved after chemotherapy and low dose radiotherapy, whilst ... | 2009 | 19293606 |
| manganese-enhanced mri visualizes v1 in the non-human primate visual cortex. | mri at 7 tesla has been used to investigate the accumulation of manganese in the occipital cortex of common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) after administering four fractionated injections of 30 mg/kg mncl(2) . 4h(2)o in the tail vein. we found a statistically significant decrease in t(1) in the primary (v1) and secondary (v2) areas of the visual cortex caused by an accumulation of manganese. the larger t(1) shortening in v1 (deltat(1) = 640 ms) relative to v2 (deltat(1) = 490 ms) allowed ... | 2009 | 19322808 |
| establishment of lethal inhalational infection with francisella tularensis (tularaemia) in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | susceptibility and lethality studies of inhalational tularaemia were undertaken using the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) to determine its suitability as a non-human primate model. pairs of marmosets were exposed to varying challenge doses of francisella tularensis by the airborne route and monitored for up to 14 days postchallenge (p.c.). lethal infection was achieved following a retained dose of less than 10 bacterial colony-forming units (cfu). however, precise ld(50) determination was n ... | 2009 | 19335549 |
| clinical, pathological, and immunologic aspects of the multiple sclerosis model in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the efficacy of many new immunomodulatory therapies for multiple sclerosis (ms) patients has often been disappointing, reflecting our incomplete understanding of this enigmatic disease. there is a growing awareness that, at least in part, there may be limited applicability to the human disease of results obtained in the widely studied ms model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rodents. this review describes the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model developed in a small neotr ... | 2009 | 19337065 |
| effects of elevated circulating cortisol concentrations on maternal behavior in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | both acute and chronic stress can impair maternal behavior and increase rates of infant abuse in several species. the mechanisms inducing these effects are unknown, but experimental manipulation of circulating corticosterone levels alters maternal behavior in rats, and circulating or excreted cortisol concentrations have been found to correlate either positively or negatively with maternal behavior in humans and nonhuman primates. in this study, therefore, we experimentally tested the hypothesis ... | 2009 | 19362777 |
| variations in male parenting behavior and physiology in the common marmoset. | infant survival and wellbeing is dependent upon good parenting skills. in some species of primates, fathers are necessary to ensure both positive developmental and social outcomes for their offspring. common marmosets and the related cotton-top tamarin monkeys provide extensive paternal care of multiple offspring and are essential for infant survival. however, we have found significant variation in a father's motivation to respond to infant stimuli. additionally, marmoset males who are experienc ... | 2009 | 19367571 |
| intrauterine hyperexposure to dexamethasone of the common marmoset monkey revealed normal cerebral metabolite concentrations in adulthood as assessed by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. | animal models of human brain disorders often have to rely on non-human primates because of their immunological, physiological, and cognitive similarities to humans. | 2009 | 19374665 |
| two new test methods to quantify motor deficits in a marmoset model for parkinson's disease. | the validity of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model for human disease depends on the development of parameters with clinical relevance. we tested the effect of treatment with mptp in two newly developed non-invasive motor behavioral paradigms in the context of parkinson's disease. the "tower" was designed to quantify the marmoset's natural jumping behavior as a measure for akinesia, the "hourglass" to test the marmoset's natural righting reflex as measure for rigidity, analogous ... | 2009 | 19378465 |
| fetal signaling through placental structure and endocrine function: illustrations and implications from a nonhuman primate model. | the placenta is a transmitter of fetal need and fetal quality, interfacing directly with maternal physiology and ecology. plasticity of placental structure and function across the developmental timeframe of gestation may serve as an important tool by which a fetus calibrates its growth to shifting maternal ecology and resource availability, and thereby signals its quality and adaptability to a changing environment. signals of this quality may be conveyed by the size of the placental interface, a ... | 2009 | 19384862 |
| treatment of giardiasis in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with tinidazole. | giardia intestinalis is a common protozoan parasite that can infect many laboratory animal primates, although its role as a contributor to the induction of gastrointestinal disease remains unclear. this study sought to investigate the prevalence of giardia in a colony of common marmosets by using a giardia antigen-capture assay and to address the possible eradication of this infection by using tinidazole, an antiprotozoal similar to metronidazole but requiring fewer doses. among 31 colony marmos ... | 2009 | 19389310 |
| zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with mptp. | the effect of zonisamide, an antiepileptic agent with anti-parkinsonian effects, was studied on dopamine neurons of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated c57 mice and common marmosets. groups of mice (n = 8 - 9) were treated with: mptp (15 mg/kg every 2 h x4); mptp plus zonisamide (40 mg/kg administered 1 h before each mptp dose); mptp plus selegiline (2 mg/kg administered 1 h before the first mptp dose); zonisamide (40 mg/kg x4); and saline controls. groups of common marmo ... | 2009 | 19403994 |
| lack of adaptation of chimeric gb virus b/hepatitis c virus in the marmoset model: possible effects of bottleneck. | approximately 3% of the world population is chronically infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). gb virus b (gbv-b), a surrogate model for hcv, causes hepatitis in tamarins and is the virus phylogenetically most closely related to hcv. previously we described a chimeric gbv-b containing an hcv insert from the 5' noncoding region (ncr) that was adapted for efficient replication in tamarins (saguinus species). we have also demonstrated that wild-type (wt) gbv-b rapidly adapts for efficient replicati ... | 2009 | 19474092 |
| generation of transgenic non-human primates with germline transmission. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is increasingly attractive for use as a non-human primate animal model in biomedical research. it has a relatively high reproduction rate for a primate, making it potentially suitable for transgenic modification. although several attempts have been made to produce non-human transgenic primates, transgene expression in the somatic tissues of live infants has not been demonstrated by objective analyses such as polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcri ... | 2009 | 19478777 |
| cd73, a novel cell surface antigen that characterizes retinal photoreceptor precursor cells. | the authors sought to identify cell surface markers of photoreceptor and its precursor cells. | 2009 | 19515998 |
| growth characteristics of the nonhuman primate embryonic stem cell line cjes001 depending on feeder cell treatment. | embryonic stem cells (esc) hold tremendous potential for therapeutic applications, including regenerative medicine, as well as for understanding basic mechanisms in stem cell biology. since numerous experiments cannot be conducted in human esc because of ethical or practical limitations, nonhuman primate esc serve as invaluable clinically relevant models. the novel marmoset (callithrix jacchus) esc line cjes001 was characterized using different stem cell markers. the cells were stained positivel ... | 2009 | 19522672 |
| distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin binding sites in the brain and upper spinal cord of the common marmoset. | the aim of this study was to label selectively and to map central vasopressin (avp) and oxytocin (ot) binding sites in the common marmoset. [(125)i]vpa, a compound selective in rodents and human for the avp v(1a) receptor, yielded the same labeling pattern as [(3)h]avp, thus suggesting that most avp receptors present in the marmoset brain are of the v(1a) subtype. numerous areas exhibited avp binding sites, among which the olfactory bulb, the accumbens nucleus, the bed nucleus of the stria termi ... | 2009 | 19539696 |
| a new world primate deficient in tetherin-mediated restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) does not replicate in primary cells of new world primates. to better understand this restriction, we expressed owl monkey (aotus nancymaae) cd4 and cxcr4 in the owl monkey kidney cell line, omk. an hiv-1 variant modified to evade the owl monkey restriction factor trim-cyp replicated efficiently in these cells but could not replicate in primary a. nancymaae cd4-positive t cells. to understand this difference, we examined apobec3g and tetherin orthologs ... | 2009 | 19553332 |
| continuous administration of rotigotine to mptp-treated common marmosets enhances anti-parkinsonian activity and reduces dyskinesia induction. | rotigotine is a novel, non-ergoline dopamine d(3)/d(2)/d(1)-receptor agonist for the treatment of parkinson's disease that can be continuously delivered by the transdermal route to provide stable plasma levels. continuous drug delivery should reduce the risk of dyskinesia induction in comparison to pulsatile dopaminergic treatment. thus the aim of the study was to compare the reversal of motor disability and induction of dyskinesia produced by continuous compared to pulsatile rotigotine administ ... | 2009 | 19619533 |
| development of microsatellite dna markers and their chromosome assignment in the common marmoset. | this study was performed to develop microsatellite dna markers, which are useful for linkage analyses, gene mapping and blood chimera analyses in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). we searched 153 of 295 bacterial artificial clone dna sequences of the common marmoset that were archived in the ncbi database in 2004. on the basis of the search, we designed 186 pcr primer sets. when tested using 5 unrelated individuals, we successfully detected 154 markers with pcr products, of which 80 (52% ... | 2009 | 19637280 |
| development of monoclonal antibodies for analyzing immune and hematopoietic systems of common marmoset. | common marmosets are considered experimental animals of primates useful for medical research. we developed several monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to cd molecules to gain initial insight into the immune and hematopoietic systems of this organism, and analyzed the basic cellularity and characters of marmoset lymphocytes. | 2009 | 19715740 |
| prenatal programming of metabolic syndrome in the common marmoset is associated with increased expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. | recent studies in humans and animal models of obesity have shown increased adipose tissue activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-hsd1), which amplifies local tissue glucocorticoid concentrations. the reasons for this 11beta-hsd1 dysregulation are unknown. here, we tested whether 11beta-hsd1 expression, like the metabolic syndrome, is "programmed" by prenatal environmental events in a nonhuman primate model, the common marmoset monkey. | 2009 | 19720800 |
| evolutionary trajectories of primate genes involved in hiv pathogenesis. | the current availability of five complete genomes of different primate species allows the analysis of genetic divergence over the last 40 million years of evolution. we hypothesized that the interspecies differences observed in susceptibility to hiv-1 would be influenced by the long-range selective pressures on host genes associated with hiv-1 pathogenesis. we established a list of human genes (n = 140) proposed to be involved in hiv-1 biology and pathogenesis and a control set of 100 random gen ... | 2009 | 19726537 |
| a monoclonal antibody selection for immunohistochemical examination of lymphoid tissues from non-human primates. | non-human primates (nhps) offer valuable animal models for basic research into human diseases and for the preclinical validation of new therapeutics. detailed in situ examination of the involved cell types using immunohistochemistry is often hampered by the lack of cross-reactive antibodies (abs). in the current study, we have tested a large panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against human leukocyte differentiation and activation markers for cross-reactivity on cryosections of lymphoid tissue ... | 2009 | 19729671 |
| rapidly evolving marmoset msmb genes are differently expressed in the male genital tract. | beta-microseminoprotein, an abundant component in prostatic fluid, is encoded by the potential tumor suppressor gene msmb. some new world monkeys carry several copies of this gene, in contrast to most mammals, including humans, which have one only. here we have investigated the background for the species difference by analyzing the chromosomal organization and expression of msmb in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | 2009 | 19737427 |
| visualizing the entire cortical myelination pattern in marmosets with magnetic resonance imaging. | myeloarchitecture, the pattern of myelin density across the cerebral cortex, has long been visualized in histological sections to identify distinct anatomical areas of the cortex. in humans, two-dimensional (2d) magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has been used to visualize myeloarchitecture in select areas of the cortex, such as the stripe of gennari in the primary visual cortex and heschl's gyrus in the primary auditory cortex. here, we investigated the use of mri contrast based on longitudinal r ... | 2009 | 19737577 |
| transplantation of dendritic cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury in common marmoset. | we previously reported that implantation of dendritic cells (dcs) into the injured site activates neural stem/progenitor cells (nspcs) and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury (sci) in mice. working toward clinical application of dc therapy for sci, we analyzed whether dcs promote functional recovery after sci in a non-human primate, the common marmoset (cm). cms are usually born as dizygotic twins. they are thus natural bone marrow and peripheral blood chimeras due to sharing o ... | 2009 | 19737583 |
| placental insulin-like growth factor ii (igf-ii) and its relation to litter size in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the primate placenta produces a wide variety of hormones throughout gestation that regulate placental function and fetal growth. one such hormone is insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii), a peptide implicated in cell division, differentiation, and amino acid transport. igf-ii concentrations were measured in 23 common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) term placentas from twin and triplet litters in order to determine whether previously described differences in fetoplacental phenotype such as placent ... | 2009 | 19743442 |
| a combined histological and mri brain atlas of the common marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus. | the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is of growing importance for research in neuroscience and related fields. in the present work, we describe a combined histological and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) atlas constructed from the brains of two adult female marmosets. histological sections were processed from nissl staining and digitized to produce an atlas in a large format that facilitates visualization of structures with significant detail. naming of identifiable brain structures was per ... | 2009 | 19744521 |
| permanent or transient chronic ischemic stroke in the non-human primate: behavioral, neuroimaging, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations. | using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (mri), behavioral, and immunohistochemical analyses, we examined pathological changes at the acute, sub-acute, and chronic stages, induced by permanent or temporary ischemia in the common marmoset. animals underwent either permanent (pmcao) or 3-h transient (tmcao) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (mcao) by the intraluminal thread approach. mri scans were performed at 1 h, 8, and 45 days after mcao. sensorimotor deficits were assessed weekly up ... | 2010 | 19794396 |
| non-human primate model of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. | since kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv or human herpesvirus 8) was first identified in kaposi's sarcoma (ks) lesions of hiv-infected individuals with aids, the basic biological understanding of kshv has progressed remarkably. however, the absence of a proper animal model for kshv continues to impede direct in vivo studies of viral replication, persistence, and pathogenesis. in response to this need for an animal model of kshv infection, we have explored whether common marmosets can ... | 2009 | 19798430 |
| human neural stem cells ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in non-human primates. | transplanted neural stem/precursor cells (npcs) display peculiar therapeutic plasticity in vivo. although the replacement of cells was first expected as the prime therapeutic mechanism of stem cells in regenerative medicine, it is now clear that transplanted npcs simultaneously instruct several therapeutic mechanisms, among which replacement of cells might not necessarily prevail. a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism(s) by which npcs exert their therapeutic plasticity is lacking. this ... | 2009 | 19798728 |
| trabecular bone structure in the mandibular condyles of gouging and nongouging platyrrhine primates. | the relationship between mandibular form and biomechanical function is a topic of significant interest to morphologists and paleontologists alike. several previous studies have examined the morphology of the mandible in gouging and nongouging primates as a means of understanding the anatomical correlates of this feeding behavior. the goal of the current study was to quantify the trabecular bone structure of the mandibular condyle of gouging and nongouging primates to assess the functional morpho ... | 2010 | 19918988 |
| propagation and characterisation of dendritic cells from g-csf mobilised peripheral blood monocytes and stem cells in common marmoset monkeys. | the common marmoset is a small new world primate that has been used as an immunological model for a number of human diseases. dendritic cells (dc) have not been extensively characterised in this species and in particular protocols to derive dc from living donors without the need for animal sacrifice are presently lacking. this study establishes new protocols to generate substantial numbers of marmoset dc for use in cell therapy studies. recombinant human g-csf was used to mobilise peripheral blo ... | 2010 | 19931270 |
| bone mineral analysis through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in laboratory animals. | to determine how to eliminate species difference in animal bone experiment, bone mineral content (bmc) was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) on the femurs of laboratory mice (mus musculus) and rats (rattus norvegicus), and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). measures were taken on femurs in situ, detached from the body, skinned and defleshed, or dried completely. when the bmc of the bone measured in the intact limb attached to the trunk was set at 100%, the actual bmc of t ... | 2009 | 19959901 |
| immunotoxicity testing in nonhuman primates. | biological relevance is generally the major justification for using nonhuman primates (nhp) during preclinical safety assessment. this holds particularly true for the evaluation of biopharmaceuticals with nhp often being the species of choice. for safety assessment of small molecules, nhp are used in case of a higher degree of metabolic similarity, to detect the highly specific immunotoxic side effects and to discriminate toxicity from efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs. unlike for rodent immuno ... | 2010 | 19967524 |
| perception of biological motion in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): by females only. | the ability to perceive biological motion (bm) has been demonstrated in a number of species including humans but the few studies of non-human primates have been relatively inconclusive. we investigated whether common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are able to perceive biological motion, using a novel method to test non-human primates. marmosets (7 male and 7 female) were trained to remove a cover from a container and look inside it, revealing a computer screen. then they were presented with imag ... | 2010 | 20052512 |
| the relationship between the production and the anti-gonadotrophic action of prostaglandin f 2 alpha in luteal cells from the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) in the early and mid-luteal phase. | to address the potential luteolytic role for prostaglandin f(2 alpha) (pgf(2 alpha)) in the corpus luteum of the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), the ability of marmoset luteal cells, maintained in monolayer culture, to produce pgf(2 alpha) was determined in vitro in the presence and absence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) and other established pharmacological modulators of pgf(2 alpha) synthesis. we also assessed the effects of the pgf(2 alpha) analogue, cloprostenol, on prog ... | 2010 | 20067799 |
| transplantation of galectin-1-expressing human neural stem cells into the injured spinal cord of adult common marmosets. | delayed transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (ns/pcs) into the injured spinal cord can promote functional recovery in adult rats and monkeys. to enhance the functional recovery after ns/pc transplantation, we focused on galectin-1, a carbohydrate-binding protein with pleiotropic roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth. here, to determine the combined therapeutic effect of ns/pc transplantation and galectin-1 on spinal cord injury (sci), human ns/pcs wer ... | 2010 | 20091712 |
| application of probabilistic analysis for precisely correcting the qt interval for heart rate in telemetered common marmosets. | qt intervals are strongly influenced by preceeding heart rate history and are also characterized by rate-independent variability, leading to difficulty in precise rate-correction of the raw qt interval. the present study elucidates a novel analytical method that effectively addresses this problematic phenomenon in telemetered common marmosets. | 2010 | 20097297 |
| species-specific inhibition of foamy viruses from south american monkeys by new world monkey trim5{alpha} proteins. | foamy virus evolution closely parallels that of the host species, indicating virus-host coadaptation. we studied simian foamy viruses (sfvs) from common marmosets, spider monkeys, and squirrel monkeys, new world monkey (nwm) species that share geographic ranges. the trim5alpha protein from each of these nwm species inhibited the replication of at least one of the sfvs associated with the other two species but did not affect the replication of its own sfv. thus, trim5alpha has potentially shaped ... | 2010 | 20130055 |
| neighbor effects in marmosets: social contagion of agonism and affiliation in captive callithrix jacchus. | researchers have demonstrated the neighbor effect for affiliative and agonistic neighbor vocalizations in captive chimpanzees. we extend the investigation of the neighbor effect to new world monkeys, callithrix jacchus. we collected data on vocalizations and behaviors of 31 focal individuals and concurrent neighbor vocalization within three behavioral categories: intragroup and intergroup aggression and intragroup affiliation. we investigated whether there was an influence of neighbor vocalizati ... | 2010 | 20131362 |
| primate early life stress leads to long-term mild hippocampal decreases in corticosteroid receptor expression. | expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) genes are moderately reduced in several brain regions in depression. these reductions could be partly due to early life stress (els), which predicts emotional disorders. controlled primate studies are important to test whether els sufficient to induce long-term emotional changes also induces long-term altered mr and/or gr brain expression. | 2010 | 20132928 |
| protection by pyridostigmine bromide of marmoset hemi-diaphragm acetylcholinesterase activity after soman exposure. | pyridostigmine bromide (pb) was approved by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) in 2003 as a pretreatment in humans against the lethal effects of the irreversible nerve agent soman (gd). organophosphate (op) chemical warfare agents such as gd exert their toxic effects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (ache) from terminating the action of acetylcholine at postsynaptic sites in cholinergic nerve terminals (including crucial peripheral muscle such as diaphragm). as part of the post-market ... | 2010 | 20144889 |
| neural coding of periodicity in marmoset auditory cortex. | pitch, our perception of how high or low a sound is on a musical scale, crucially depends on a sound's periodicity. if an acoustic signal is temporally jittered so that it becomes aperiodic, the pitch will no longer be perceivable even though other acoustical features that normally covary with pitch are unchanged. previous electrophysiological studies investigating pitch have typically used only periodic acoustic stimuli, and as such these studies cannot distinguish between a neural representati ... | 2010 | 20147419 |
| luteotrophic effects of relaxin, chorionic gonadotrophin and fsh in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | in early pregnant primates, relaxin (rlx) is highly upregulated within the corpus luteum (cl), suggesting that rlx may have an important role in the implantation of the blastocyst. therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the local effects of rlx and gonadotrophins on the maintenance of the cl using an in vitro microdialysis system. cls of common marmoset monkeys were collected by luteectomy during different stages of the luteal phase and early pregnancy. each cl was perfused w ... | 2010 | 20156883 |
| performance of juvenile baboons on neuropsychological tests assessing associative learning, motivation and attention. | the cantab (cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery), a system developed for human neuropsychological testing, has previously been used to assess cognitive function in two species of nonhuman primates, common marmoset monkeys and rhesus macaques. we describe the application of the system to the juvenile baboon, a nonhuman primate species offering specific investigative advantages. juvenile baboons were trained and tested on a progressive ratio task to assess motivation, simple discri ... | 2010 | 20170676 |
| retinal afferents synapse with relay cells targeting the middle temporal area in the pulvinar and lateral geniculate nuclei. | considerable debate continues regarding thalamic inputs to the middle temporal area (mt) of the visual cortex that bypass the primary visual cortex (v1) and the role they might have in the residual visual capability following a lesion of v1. two specific retinothalamic projections to area mt have been speculated to relay through the medial portion of the inferior pulvinar nucleus (pim) and the koniocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). although a number of studies have ... | 2010 | 20179789 |
| efficient gene transfer into neurons in monkey brain by adeno-associated virus 8. | although the adeno-associated virus (aav) vector is a promising tool for gene transfer into neurons, especially for therapeutic purposes, neurotropism in primate brains is not fully elucidated for specific aav serotypes. here, we injected aav serotype 8 (aav8) vector carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene under a ubiquitous promoter into the cerebral cortex, striatum and substantia nigra of common marmosets. robust neuronal egfp expression was observed at all injected sites. ... | 2010 | 20224455 |
| neuronal mhc class i molecules are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapses of marmoset monkeys. | several recent studies suggested a role for neuronal major histocompatibility complex class i (mhci) molecules in certain forms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of rodents. here, we report for the first time on the expression pattern and functional properties of mhci molecules in the hippocampus of a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). we detected a presynaptic, mossy fiber-specific localization of mhci proteins within the marmoset hippocampus. mhci molecu ... | 2010 | 20232136 |
| effects of antenatal dexamethasone treatment on glucocorticoid receptor and calcyon gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal and adult common marmoset monkeys. | synthetic glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (dex) are commonly used to promote fetal lung maturation in at-risk preterm births, but there is emerging evidence of subsequent neurobehavioral abnormalities in these children e.g. problems with inattention/hyperactivity. however, molecular pathways mediating effects of glucocorticoid overexposure on motor and cognitive development are poorly understood. | 2010 | 20307270 |
| mapping of serotonin transporters by positron emission tomography with [11c]dasb in conscious common marmosets: comparison with rhesus monkeys. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is unique among the primates in its small body size, reproductive efficacy, and characteristic social behavior, making it useful as an animal model in neuroscientific research. to assess the brain serotonergic systems, we investigated the binding of [(11)c]-3-amino-4-(2-dimetylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile ([(11)c]dasb) to brain serotonin transporter (sert) in conscious common marmosets using positron emission tomography (pet), and compared wit ... | 2010 | 20340166 |
| autonomic, behavioral, and neural analyses of mild conditioned negative affect in marmosets. | avoidance and alerting behaviors and accompanying physiological responses, including changes in heart rate (hr), are core components of negative emotion. investigations into the neural mechanisms underlying the regulation and integration of these responses require animal models that simultaneously measure both the physiological and behavioral components of emotion. a primate model is of particular importance in view of the well developed prefrontal cortex of primates, and this region's critical ... | 2010 | 20364879 |
| helminths found in marmosets (callithrix penicillata and callithrixjacchus) introduced to the region of occurrence of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecusrosalia) in brazil. | the introduction of exotic species can increase the risk of extinction of native species through the introduction of new diseases, predation or resource competition. the marmosets callithrix penicillata and callithrix jacchus and hybrids of these two species have been introduced to privately owned forests in the lowland atlantic forest of the rio de janeiro state in brazil, the region of occurrence of the endangered golden lion tamarin, leontopithecus rosalia. because the ecology and biology of ... | 2010 | 20378249 |
| comprehensive analysis and characterization of the tcr alpha chain sequences in the common marmoset. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is useful as a nonhuman primate model of human diseases. although the marmoset model has great potential for studying autoimmune diseases and immune responses against pathogens, little information is available regarding the genes involved in adaptive immunity. here, we identified one tcr alpha constant (trac), 46 traj (joining), and 35 trav (variable) segments from marmoset cdna. marmoset trac, traj, and trav shared 80%, 68-100%, and 79-98% identity with ... | 2010 | 20405119 |
| identification of androgen receptor phosphorylation in the primate ovary in vivo. | the androgen receptor (ar) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, and is important for both male and female reproductive health. the receptor is a target for a number of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, which has been intensively studied in vitro. however, little is known about the phosphorylation status of the receptor in target tissues in vivo. the common marmoset is a useful model for studying human reproductive functions, and comparison of the ar primary ... | 2010 | 20406952 |
| an in vivo pharmacological evaluation of pardoprunox (slv308)--a novel combined dopamine d(2)/d(3) receptor partial agonist and 5-ht(1a) receptor agonist with efficacy in experimental models of parkinson's disease. | partial d(2/3) dopamine (da) receptor agonists provide a novel approach to the treatment of the motor symptoms of parkinson's disease (pd) that may avoid common dopaminergic side-effects, including dyskinesia and psychosis. the present study focussed on the in vivo pharmacological and therapeutic characterisation of the novel d(2/3) receptor partial agonist and full 5-ht(1a) receptor agonist pardoprunox (slv308; 7-[4-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2(3h)-benzoxazolone monochloride). pardoprunox induced co ... | 2010 | 20434890 |
| induction of progressive demyelinating autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmoset monkeys using mog34-56 peptide in incomplete freund adjuvant. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the neotropical primate common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a relevant autoimmune animal model of multiple sclerosis. t cells specific for peptide 34 to 56 of myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog34-56) have a central pathogenic role in this model. the aim of this study was to assess the requirement for innate immune stimulation for activation of this core pathogenic autoimmune mechanism. marmoset monkeys were sensitized against synthetic mog34 ... | 2010 | 20448482 |
| a novel highly reproducible and lethal nonhuman primate model for orthopox virus infection. | the intentional re-introduction of variola virus (varv), the agent of smallpox, into the human population is of great concern due its bio-terroristic potential. moreover, zoonotic infections with cowpox (cpxv) and monkeypox virus (mpxv) cause severe diseases in humans. smallpox vaccines presently available can have severe adverse effects that are no longer acceptable. the efficacy and safety of new vaccines and antiviral drugs for use in humans can only be demonstrated in animal models. the exis ... | 2010 | 20454688 |
| small intestinal adenocarcinoma in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | small intestinal adenocarcinomas are uncommon neoplasms that are rarely reported in nonhuman primates. these neoplasms are also rare in humans, although they are thought to share a similar pathogenesis with the more common colorectal carcinoma. herein the authors report the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics of small intestinal adenocarcinoma in 10 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). retrospective analysis of necropsy records revealed small intestinal car ... | 2010 | 20460447 |
| neural correlates of context-dependent perceptual enhancement in the inferior colliculus. | in certain situations, preceding auditory stimulation can actually result in heightened sensitivity to subsequent sounds. many of these phenomena appear to be generated in the brain as reflections of central computations. one example is the robust perceptual enhancement (or "pop out") of a probe signal within a broadband sound whose onset time is delayed relative to the remainder of a mixture of tones. here we show that the neural representation of such stimuli undergoes a dramatic transformatio ... | 2010 | 20463220 |
| evaluation of aav-mediated expression of chop2-gfp in the marmoset retina. | converting inner retinal neurons to photosensitive cells by expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (chr2) offers a novel approach for treating blindness caused by retinal degenerative diseases. in the present study, the recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (raav2)-mediated expression and function of a fusion construct of channelopsin-2 (chop2) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) (chop2-gfp) were evaluated in the inner retinal neurons in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus. | 2010 | 20484599 |