| pulmonary fluid balance following pulmocutaneous baroreceptor denervation in the toad. | pulmonary hemodynamics and net transcapillary fluid flux (ntff) were measured in conscious toads before and following bilateral denervation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (rln), which contain afferents from baroreceptors located in the pulmocutaneous arteries. denervation caused an acute doubling of the arterial-venous pressure gradient across the lung and a threefold increase in pulmonary blood flow. calculated pulmonary vascular resistance fell and remained below control values through the ... | 2013 | 3733621 |
| campylobacter jejuni colonization and population structure in urban populations of ducks and starlings in new zealand. | a repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. and the population structure of c. jejuni in european starlings and ducks cohabiting multiple public access sites in an urban area of new zealand. the country's geographical isolation and relatively recent history of introduction of wild bird species, including the european starling and mallard duck, create an ideal setting to explore the impact of geographical separation on the population biology of ... | 2013 | 23873654 |
| gastrointestinal hormones and the dialogue between gut and brain. | the landmark discovery by bayliss and starling in 1902 of the first hormone, secretin, emerged from earlier observations that a response (pancreatic secretion) following a stimulus (intestinal acidification) occurred after section of the relevant afferent nerve pathway. nearly 80 years elapsed before it became clear that visceral afferent neurons could themselves also be targets for gut and other hormones. the action of gut hormones on vagal afferent neurons is now recognised to be an early step ... | 2014 | 24566540 |
| vector-host interactions of culiseta melanura in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in southeastern virginia. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe illness in humans and equines in the eastern usa. culiseta (cs.) melanura is the primary vector of eeev in most geographic regions but its feeding patterns on specific avian and mammalian hosts are largely unknown in the mid-atlantic region. the objectives of our study were to: 1) identify avian hosts of cs. melanura and evaluate their potential role in ... | 2015 | 26327226 |
| drowning is an apparent and unexpected recurrent cause of mass mortality of common starlings (sturnus vulgaris). | drowning is infrequently reported as a cause of death of wild birds and such incidents typically involve individual, rather than multiple, birds. over a 21-year period (1993 to 2013 inclusive), we investigated 12 incidents of mortality of multiple (2 - 80+) common starlings (sturnus vulgaris) in great britain that appeared to be due to drowning. more than ten birds were affected in ten of these reported incidents. these incidents always occurred during the spring and early summer months and usua ... | 2015 | 26601771 |
| use of observed wild bird activity on poultry farms and a literature review to target species as high priority for avian influenza testing in 2 regions of canada. | the risk of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry is partially dependent on the probability of contact between domestic poultry and wild birds shedding avian influenza (ai) virus. the major objective of this study was to document wild bird activity on poultry farms to determine which wild bird species should be targeted for ai surveillance in canada. we collected data in 2 major poultry producing regions of canada, southwestern ontario and the fraser valley of british columbia, on the relative ab ... | 0 | 22851777 |
| mortality and pathology in birds due to plasmodium (giovannolaia) homocircumflexum infection, with emphasis on the exoerythrocytic development of avian malaria parasites. | species of avian malaria parasites (plasmodium) are widespread, but their virulence has been insufficiently investigated, particularly in wild birds. during avian malaria, several cycles of tissue merogony occur, and many plasmodium spp. produce secondary exoerythrocytic meronts (phanerozoites), which are induced by merozoites developing in erythrocytic meronts. phanerozoites markedly damage organs, but remain insufficiently investigated in the majority of described plasmodium spp. avian malaria ... | 2016 | 27146519 |
| detecting methemoglobinemia in animals with a drop of blood. | a major concern during pesticide development and use is the impact on non-target species, such as raptors or domestic cats and dogs. sodium nitrite and para-aminopropiophenone (papp) are two toxicants currently being studied for the control of invasive species, such as starlings and feral swine. when given to an animal these compounds oxidize hemoglobin, which renders it unable to carry oxygen resulting in methemoglobinemia. this study developed a method to estimate methemoglobin levels in mamma ... | 2016 | 27930713 |
| spatio-temporal variation in european starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales. | understanding population dynamics requires spatio-temporal variation in demography to be measured across appropriate spatial and temporal scales. however, the most appropriate spatial scale(s) may not be obvious, few datasets cover sufficient time periods, and key demographic rates are often incompletely measured. consequently, it is often assumed that demography will be spatially homogeneous within populations that lack obvious subdivision. here, we quantify small-scale spatial and temporal var ... | 2015 | 26380670 |
| surveillance for ixodes pacificus and the tick-borne pathogens anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi in birds from california's inner coast range. | we investigated the involvement of birds in the ecology of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, and its associated zoonotic bacteria, borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum, at two interior coast-range study sites in northern california. anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis (ga), and b. burgdorferi s.s., the agent of lyme disease (ld), are tick-borne pathogens that are well established in california. we screened blood and ticks from 349 indivi ... | 2014 | 24690191 |
| wild bird surveillance for avian paramyxoviruses in the azov-black sea region of ukraine (2006 to 2011) reveals epidemiological connections with europe and africa. | despite the existence of 10 avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotypes, very little is known about the distribution, host species, and ecological factors affecting virus transmission. to better understand the relationship among these factors, we conducted apmv wild bird surveillance in regions of ukraine suspected of being intercontinental (north to south and east to west) flyways. surveillance for apmv was conducted in 6,735 wild birds representing 86 species and 8 different orders during 2006 to 201 ... | 2014 | 24973063 |
| evaluating the risk of pathogen transmission from wild animals to domestic pigs in australia. | wild animals contribute to endemic infection in livestock as well as the introduction, reintroduction and maintenance of pathogens. the source of introduction of endemic diseases to a piggery is often unknown and the extent of wildlife contribution to such local spread is largely unexplored. the aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the probability of domestic pigs being exposed to different pathogens from wild animals commonly found around commercial piggeries in australia. spec ... | 2016 | 26711303 |
| pathogen presence in european starlings inhabiting commercial piggeries in south australia. | the majority of bacterial diarrhea-causing illnesses in domestic pigs result from infection with escherichia coli, salmonella spp., or campylobacter spp. these bacterial enteropathogens also correspond with the most-common bacteria isolated from wild birds. additionally, viral pathogens such as avian influenza virus (aiv), west nile virus (wnv, including kunjin disease), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) may also be carried and transmitted by birds in australia. introduced european starlings (st ... | 2016 | 27309283 |
| helminth parasites of the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) (aves, sturnidae), an invasive bird in argentina. | the aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites of the european starling sturnus vulgaris, an invasive bird from argentina. seventy-six birds were collected during the spring of 2007 and were examined for helminths. six parasite species were found: one trematoda of the echinostoma revolutum "group," four nematodes (synhimantus nasuta, microtetrameres sp., pterothominx exilis, and ornithocapillaria ovopunctata), and one acanthocephalan (plagiorhynchus cylindra ... | 2014 | 24804922 |
| on-farm starling populations and other environmental and management factors associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli among dairy cattle in ohio. | wild birds that forage around livestock facilities have been implicated as vectors of antimicrobial resistant organisms. although antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been isolated from european starlings (sturnus vulgaris), their role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant elements in livestock facilities needs further investigation. to determine whether on-farm starling density and other factors were associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli among ... | 2016 | 27836033 |
| wild birds, frequent carriers of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli of ctx-m and shv-12 types. | to get a better insight into the role of birds as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) and plasmidic ampc β-lactamase (pampc) escherichia coli producers, 100 fecal samples belonging to 15 different wild avian species from northern spain were analyzed. cefotaxime-resistant (ctx(r)) e. coli isolates were identified in 16 of the 100 tested birds, which corresponded to 9 animal species (gyps fulvus-griffon vulture, larus michahellis-yellow-legged gull, milvus migrans-black kite, milvus ... | 2016 | 26687342 |
| spatial clustering of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin among dairy cattle farms relative to european starling night roosts. | european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) have been implicated in the dispersal of zoonotic enteric pathogens. however, their role in disseminating antimicrobial-resistant organisms through their home range has not been clearly established. the aim of this study was to determine whether starling night roosts served as foci for spreading organisms with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials among dairy cattle farms. bovine faecal pats were collected from 150 dairy farms in ohio. each farm was visit ... | 2017 | 27460156 |
| antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: implications for public health. | the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amr escherichia coli (e. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (larus fuscus), hybrid deer spe ... | 2015 | 25639901 |
| experimental infection of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) with pandemic 2009 h1n1 and swine h1n1 and h3n2 triple reassortant influenza viruses. | european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) are common peridomestic passerine birds that are often associated with domestic animal production facilities. this association provides a potential means for pathogen transmission between facilities. we inoculated european starlings and house sparrows with three non-avian influenza virus strains: two swine isolates (h1n1 and h3n2) and one human isolate representing the h1n1 pandemic strain that originated from swine. no ... | 2013 | 23568924 |
| surveillance for highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak. | in november 2014, a eurasian strain h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in canada. introduced viruses were soon detected in the united states and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million poultry affected. in an effort to study potential mechanisms of spread of the eurasian h5 virus, the united states department of agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at poultry farms. as part of those efforts, we sampled synanthr ... | 2016 | 27812044 |
| experimental challenge of a peridomestic avian species, european starlings ( sturnus vulgaris ), with novel influenza a h7n9 virus from china. | in 2013 a novel avian influenza h7n9 virus was isolated from several critically ill patients in china, and infection with this virus has since caused more than 200 human deaths. live poultry markets are the likely locations of virus exposure to humans. peridomestic avian species also may play important roles in the transmission and maintenance of h7n9 at live poultry markets. we experimentally challenged wild european starlings ( sturnus vulgaris ) with the novel h7n9 virus and measured virus ex ... | 2016 | 27285413 |
| characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 isolated from free-living mynah birds (acridotheres tristis) in the sultanate of oman. | a low pathogenic avian influenza virus was identified from free-living birds (mynah, acridotheres tristis) of the starling family. virus was isolated by inoculation of homogenized suspension from lung, tracheal, spleen, and cloacal swabs into the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs. subtype of the isolate was characterized as h9n2 by hemagglutination inhibition test using monospecific chicken antisera to a wide range of influenza reference strain. pathogenicity of the isolate was determ ... | 2015 | 26473686 |
| mechanisms of antimicrobial resistant salmonella enterica transmission associated with starling-livestock interactions. | bird-livestock interactions have been implicated as potential sources for bacteria within concentrated animal feeding operations (cafo). european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) in particular are known to contaminate cattle feed and water with salmonella enterica through their fecal waste. we propose that fecal waste is not the only mechanisms through which starlings introduce s. enterica to cafo. the goal of this study was to assess if starlings can mechanically move s. enterica. we define mechani ... | 2015 | 25960334 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica isolates associated with starling-livestock interactions. | bird-livestock interactions have been implicated as potential sources for bacteria within concentrated animal feeding operations (cafo). in this study we characterized xbai-digested genomic dna from salmonella enterica using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the pfge analysis was conducted using 182 s. enterica isolates collected from a single cafo between 2009 and 2012. samples collected in 2012 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. the analysis was limited to s. enteri ... | 2015 | 25866128 |
| detection and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from birds in the southwest of iran. | 1. the aim of this work was to determine the frequency of occurrence of toxoplasma gondii and genetically analyse isolates from a number of avian hosts in the southwest of iran (khuzestan province). the frequency of t. gondii was determined in free-range chickens (gallus domesticus), sparrows (passer domesticus), pigeons (columba livia) and starlings (sturnus vulgaris). 2. isolates obtained from toxoplasma-infected birds were subjected to molecular typing by pcr-restriction fragment length polym ... | 2013 | 23444856 |
| cascade of ecological consequences for west nile virus transmission when aquatic macrophytes invade stormwater habitats. | artificial aquatic habitats are ubiquitous in anthropogenic landscapes and highly susceptible to colonization by invasive plant species. recent research into the ecology of infectious diseases indicates that the establishment of invasive plant species can trigger ecological cascades which alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne pathogens that imperil human health. here, we examined whether the presence or management of two invasive, emergent plants, cattails (typha spp.) and phragmites ( ... | 2016 | 27039521 |
| neural correlates of behavioural olfactory sensitivity changes seasonally in european starlings. | possibly due to the small size of the olfactory bulb (ob) as compared to rodents, it was generally believed that songbirds lack a well-developed sense of smell. this belief was recently revised by several studies showing that various bird species, including passerines, use olfaction in many respects of life. during courtship and nest building, male european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) incorporate aromatic herbs that are rich in volatile compounds (e.g., milfoil, achillea millefolium) into the n ... | 2010 | 21179464 |
| preliminary study on avian fauna of the krishna river basin sangli district, western maharashtra, india. | the present study on avifaunal diversity carried out for three years at the krishna river basin, sangli district revealed a total of 126 species of birds belonging to 30 families, of which 91 species were resident, 16 migratory, 12 resident and local migratory and 7 species were resident and migratory. among the migrant birds, rosy starling sturnus roseus was dominant in the study area. commonly recorded resident bird species were, red vented bulbul, jungle crow, house sparrow, common myna, brah ... | 2014 | 25522499 |
| [relations between the ectosomatic and the entosomatic organs]. | a.n. severtsov, when introduced the concepts of ecto- and entosomatic organs, illustrated them by three examples of adaptations, namely by the blindness of some subterranean vertebrates, by the "suckers" on the geckos' fingers and toes, and by the flattened body shape of skates and rays. morphology of the pterygoideus muscle in some song-birds, which is one of the most complicated jaw muscles, is considered here in the framework of those concepts. this muscle displays mosaic variation among bird ... | 2010 | 18669305 |
| comparative response of nestling european starlings and red-winged blackbirds to an oral administration of either dimethoate or chlorpyrifos. | red-winged blackbird (agelaius phoeniceus; blackbird) and european starling (sturnus vulgaris; starling) nestlings were dosed with either 2.0 mg/kg body mass chlorpyrifos, 50.0 mg/kg body mass dimethoate, or a propylene glycol carrier in situ. four growth measurements (body mass, culmen, tarsus, wing) were recorded from nestlings to determine if these organophosphorus compounds caused perturbations in development at sublethal concentrations. blackbird nestlings were more sensitive to chlorpyrifo ... | 1992 | 1380993 |
| seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines. | 1. a variety of biochemical measurements were taken periodically in captive northern bobwhite (colinus virginianus l.), european starlings (sturnus vulgaris l.), red-winged blackbirds (agelaius phoeniceus l.) and common grackles (quiscalus quiscula l.) to determine whether baseline values remain sufficiently stable throughout the year for general clinical use in the absence of concurrent control specimens. 2. variables included whole blood hematocrit and hemoglobin, plasma lactate dehydrogenase, ... | 1987 | 3665439 |
| avfail in color avoidance learning by starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and red-winged blackbirds (agelaius phoeniceus). | certain unconditioned stimuli (ucs) in flavor avoidance learning sometimes become ineffective after pairings with relatively stronger ucs. this failure of avoidance learning (avfail) has been demonstrated only with rodents. the present investigations were conducted to determine whether avfail might also occur with avian species, the food selection of which is guided primarily by visual cues. in experiment 1, starlings were given pairings of methiocarb (a relatively weak ucs) and licl (a relative ... | 1985 | 3000688 |
| three-dimensional, high-resolution skeletal kinematics of the avian wing and shoulder during ascending flapping flight and uphill flap-running. | past studies have shown that birds use their wings not only for flight, but also when ascending steep inclines. uphill flap-running or wing-assisted incline running (wair) is used by both flight-incapable fledglings and flight-capable adults to retreat to an elevated refuge. despite the broadly varying direction of travel during wair, level, and descending flight, recent studies have found that the basic wing path remains relatively invariant with reference to gravity. if so, joints undergo disp ... | 2013 | 23691132 |
| mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mrna expression in the brain of translocated chukar (alectoris chukar). | although translocation is an important conservation tool in the effort to create self-sustaining wild populations of threatened species, avian translocations have a high failure rate and causes for failure are poorly understood. while "stress" is considered to play a major role in translocation failure, the physiological changes associated with chronic stress resulting from translocation have been investigated only recently. translocation results in chronic stress-induced alterations of stress r ... | 2011 | 21118689 |
| measuring oxidative stress: the confounding effect of lipid concentration in measures of lipid peroxidation. | lipid peroxidation products are widely used as markers of oxidative damage in the organism. to properly interpret the information provided by these markers, it is necessary to know potential sources of bias and control confounding factors. here, we investigated the relationship between two indicators of lipid mobilization (circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol) and two common markers of oxidative damage (plasma levels of malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides; the latter estimated from ... | 2015 | 25860832 |
| effect of biologically active plants used as netst material and the derived benefit to starling nestlings. | the european starling sturnus vulgaris preferentially incorporates fresh sprigs of particular plant species for use as nesting material. chemicals found in these plants may act to reduce pathogen and ectoparasite populations normally found in nest environments. the present experiments were performed to test this nest protection hypothesis. in the fild, we experimentally determined that wild carrot daucus carota, a plant species preferred as nest material, effectively reduced the number of hemato ... | 1988 | 28310369 |
| aversion of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) to garlic oil treated granules: garlic oil as an avian repellent. garlic oil analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | european starlings significantly reduced their consumption of a food mixture that was 50% food-grade garlic oil (go)-impregnated granules, even after overnight food deprivation, as demonstrated by "one-choice" ("no-choice") tests. food consumption during 3 h following overnight food deprivation was reduced by 61-65% compared to controls. by testing the same subjects with 25, 10, and 1% mixtures of granules in feed, it was shown that commercial go granules were repellent to birds in lower concent ... | 2004 | 15080619 |
| humoral control of cardiac remodeling in fish: role of angiotensin ii. | angiotensin ii (angii), the principal effector of the renin-angiotensin-system (ras), is a multipotent hormone whose biological actions include short-term modulation as well as long-term adjustments. in the eel heart, angii elicits short-term inotropic and chronotropic effects. however, information regarding the influence of angii on cardiac remodeling, expressed as morphological and hemodynamic changes, is lacking. to clarify the putative actions of angii on eel cardiac remodeling, we used fres ... | 2013 | 24080085 |
| effects of temperature on the nitric oxide-dependent modulation of the frank-starling mechanism: the fish heart as a case study. | the frank-starling law is a fundamental property of the vertebrate myocardium which allows, when the end-diastolic volume increases, that the consequent stretch of the myocardial fibers generates a more forceful contraction. it has been shown that in the eel (anguilla anguilla) heart, nitric oxide (no) exerts a direct myocardial relaxant effect, increasing the sensitivity of the frank-starling response (garofalo et al., 2009). with the use of isolated working heart preparations, this study inves ... | 2013 | 23123761 |
| phospholamban s-nitrosylation modulates starling response in fish heart. | the frank-starling mechanism is a fundamental property of the vertebrate heart, which allows the myocardium to respond to increased filling pressure with a more vigorous contraction of its lengthened fibres. in mammals, myocardial stretch increases cardiac nitric oxide (no) release from both vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes. this facilitates myocardial relaxation and ventricular diastolic distensibility, thus influencing the frank-starling mechanism. in the in vitro working heart of the e ... | 2009 | 19726482 |
| angiotensin ii-induced inotropism requires an endocardial endothelium-nitric oxide mechanism in the in-vitro heart of anguilla anguilla. | using an isolated working heart preparation we show that angiotensin ii (ang ii), at concentrations of 10(-10)-10(-7) mol l(-1), elicits negative chronotropism and inotropism in the freshwater eel anguilla anguilla. the negative inotropism was insensitive to losartan and cgp42112 (at(1) and at(2) ang ii receptor antagonists, respectively), and was abrogated by the at(1) receptor antagonist cv11974, the g protein blocker pertussis toxin (ptx) and the muscarinic antagonist atropine. in contrast, i ... | 2003 | 12819273 |
| nitric oxide modulates cardiac performance in the heart of anguilla anguilla. | nothing is known about the effects of nitric oxide (no) on cardiac performance in fish. using an in vitro working heart preparation that generates physiological values of output pressure, cardiac output and ventricular work and power, we assessed the effects of no on the cardiac performance of the eel anguilla anguilla. we examined basal cardiac performance (at constant preload, afterload and heart rate), the effects of cholinergic stimulation and the frank-starling response (preload-induced inc ... | 2001 | 11316492 |
| angiotensin ii and cardiovascular regulation in a freshwater teleost, anguilla rostrata lesueur. | cardiac output (co), dorsal aortic blood flow (bfda) and blood pressure (pda), and heart rate (hr) were recorded simultaneously in conscious freshwater eels. physiological doses of [asn1,val5]angiotensin ii (ang ii; 25-150 ng/kg iv) were used to investigate its effects on the blood flow [co, bfda, and estimated branchial shunting (bs)] and systemic vascular resistance (rsys) components of the pressor response and possible mechanism(s) of action. co was increased mainly by an elevated stroke volu ... | 1995 | 7573576 |
| detecting modulated signals in modulated noise: (i) behavioural auditory thresholds in a songbird. | most signals from the auditory world have temporal patterns of amplitude modulation that either emanate from the signal source or result from environmental interference (e.g. air turbulence). to investigate mechanisms associated with the segregation and processing of amplitude-modulated signals, we trained european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) to detect a signal noise band embedded in several flanking noise bands (fbs). we manipulated the envelope correlation between the signal and fbs, the onse ... | 2007 | 17897400 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of isospora neochmiae n. sp. in a captive-bred red-browed finch (neochmia temporalis) (latham, 1802). | a new isospora (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) species is described from a single red-browed finch (neochmia temporalis) (subspecies n. temporalis temporalis), that was part of a captive population in western australia. sporulated oocysts of this isolate are spherical, 18.3 (18.2-18.9) × 18.2 (18.2-18.6) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.0; and a smooth and bilayered oocyst wall, 1.2 μm thick (outer layer 0.9 μm, inner 0.3 μm). a polar granule is present, but the oocyst residuum and a micropy ... | 2016 | 27107929 |
| isospora streperae n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from a grey currawong (strepera versicolour plumbea) (passeriformes: artamidae) in western australia. | a new species, isospora streperae n. sp., (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) is described from a single grey currawong bird (strepera versicolour) (subspecies s. v. plumbea) in western australia. sporulated oocysts (n = 32) are spherical to subspherical, with smooth colourless bilayered oocyst wall, 1.0 µm thick (outer layer 0⋅8 µm, inner 0.2 µm thick). oocyst with a polar granule, an oocyst residuum and two spheroidal to subspheroidal sporocysts. oocyst length, 23.8 (20.4-25.0) µm; oocyst width, 22.5 (2 ... | 2015 | 25620542 |
| information transfer and behavioural inertia in starling flocks. | collective decision-making in biological systems requires all individuals in the group to go through a behavioural change of state. during this transition fast and robust transfer of information is essential to prevent cohesion loss. the mechanism by which natural groups achieve such robustness, though, is not clear. here we present an experimental study of starling flocks performing collective turns. we find that information about direction changes propagates across the flock with a linear disp ... | 2014 | 25264452 |
| delayed resolution of negative pressure pulmonary edema associated with low-molecular-weight dextran after microsurgery--a case report. | negative pressure pulmonary edema (nppe) is an uncommon perioperative complication after total or partial upper airway obstruction during anesthesia or respiratory distress. the cardinal event causative of the pathophysiology is believed to be the generation of a sudden and marked negative intrapleural pressure against a closed glottis, resulting in a disruption of the normal intravascular starling mechanism. ultimately, excessive intravascular fluid which transudes into the interstitial space e ... | 2005 | 16235469 |
| sensory projections to the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon. | the afferent pathways to the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon were studied by use of the horseradish peroxidase (hrp) technique. it was confirmed that this nucleus receives a direct pathway from the nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini and that, as in the starling, it receives a direct input from the nucleus lemnisci lateralis, pars ventralis, an auditory relay. totally novel is the finding that the nucleus basalis prosencephali is the target of a direct pathway originating i ... | 1986 | 2428501 |
| re-establishing the pecking order: niche models reliably predict suitable habitats for the reintroduction of red-billed oxpeckers. | distributions of avian mutualists are affected by changes in biotic interactions and environmental conditions driven directly/indirectly by human actions. the range contraction of red-billed oxpeckers (buphagus erythrorhynchus) in south africa is partly a result of the widespread use of acaracides (i.e., mainly cattle dips), toxic to both ticks and oxpeckers. we predicted the habitat suitability of red-billed oxpeckers in south africa using ensemble models to assist the ongoing reintroduction ef ... | 2017 | 28331604 |
| dairy cattle management factors that influence on-farm density of european starlings in ohio, 2007-2009. | potential dairy farm management and environmental factors that attract european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) to dairy farms were explored. during the period from 2007 to 2009, 150 dairy farms were each visited twice (once during the summer and again in the fall) and the number of starlings was recorded. risk factors were assessed for possible association with the number of starlings per milking cow (starling density), using a zero-inflated negative binomial model. starling density was higher on ... | 2015 | 25940010 |
| a longitudinal study of feed contamination by european starling excreta in ohio dairy farms (2007-2008). | the objectives of this study were to understand the temporal pattern of contamination of cattle feed by starling excrement on dairy farms and to evaluate the temporal pattern in recovering escherichia coli o157:h7 or salmonella in relation to the absolute mass of excrement recovered. a longitudinal study was conducted on 15 dairy farms in ohio from july 2007 to october 2008. one open-topped tray filled with bird feed was placed near a cattle feeding site; bird excrement from the tray was weighed ... | 2014 | 24881798 |
| spatial epidemiology of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy cattle in relation to night roosts of sturnus vulgaris (european starling) in ohio, usa (2007-2009). | the goal of our study was to use spatial scan statics to determine whether the night roosts of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) act as point sources for the dissemination of escherichia coli o157:h7 among dairy farms. from 2007 to 2009, we collected bovine faecal samples (n = 9000) and starling gastrointestinal contents (n = 430) from 150 dairy farms in northeastern ohio, usa. isolates of e. coli o157:h7 recovered from these samples were subtyped using multilocus variable-number tandem repe ... | 2014 | 24279810 |
| molecular epidemiology and public health relevance of campylobacter isolated from dairy cattle and european starlings in ohio, usa. | dairy cattle serve as a potential source for campylobacter infection in humans. outbreaks associated with consumption of either campylobacter contaminated raw milk or contaminated milk after treatment were previously recorded in the united states. further, starlings have been implicated in the spread of bacterial pathogens among livestock. here, we determined the prevalence, genotypic, and phenotypic properties of campylobacter isolated from fecal samples of dairy cattle and starlings found on t ... | 2013 | 23259503 |
| cardiac heterometric response: the interplay between catestatin and nitric oxide deciphered by the frog heart. | the length-active tension relation or heterometric regulation (frank-starling mechanism) is modulated by nitric oxide (no) which, released in pulsatile fashion from the beating heart, improves myocardial relaxation and diastolic distensibility. the no signaling is also implicated in the homeometric regulation exerted by extrinsic factors such as autonomic nervous system, endocrine and humoral agents. in the in vitro working frog heart, the chromogranin a (cga)-derived peptide, catestatin (cts; b ... | 2012 | 22555002 |
| association of wild bird density and farm management factors with the prevalence of e. coli o157 in dairy herds in ohio (2007-2009). | our objective was to determine the role that european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) play in the epidemiology of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy cattle. we visited 150 dairy farms in ohio twice during summer and fall months from 2007 to 2009. fresh faecal pats from 30 lactating cows were collected during each visit. information on farm management and environmental variables was gathered through a questionnaire administered to the farm owner. the number of starlings observed on the farm was also ... | 2012 | 22333436 |
| the metabolic output of avian (sturnus vulgaris, calidris alpina) adipose tissue liver and skeletal muscle: implications for bmr/body mass relationships. | 1. the oxygen uptake rate of avian adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle slices were measured. 2. the energy consumption of fat was less than one tenth that of liver and muscle. 3. thus, interspecific allometric equations for the prediction of basal metabolic rate from body mass will not be accurate throughout the avian annual cycle unless changes in body composition are taken into account. | 1992 | 1359954 |
| flow pattern similarities in the near wake of three bird species suggest a common role for unsteady aerodynamic effects in lift generation. | analysis of the aerodynamics of flapping wings has yielded a general understanding of how birds generate lift and thrust during flight. however, the role of unsteady aerodynamics in avian flight due to the flapping motion still holds open questions in respect to performance and efficiency. we studied the flight of three distinctive bird species: western sandpiper (calidris mauri), european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and american robin (turdus migratorius) using long-duration, time-resolved part ... | 2017 | 28163881 |
| carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity and whole muscle oxidation rates vary with fatty acid substrate in avian flight muscles. | birds primarily fuel migratory flights with fat, and the composition of that fat has the potential to affect overall lipid oxidation rates. we measured the whole muscle lipid oxidation rates in extensor digitorum communis muscles from white-throated sparrows (zonotrichia albicollis gmelin) incubated for 20 min at 20°c with radiolabeled stearate (18:0), oleate (18:1ω9), or linoleate (18:2ω6). lipid oxidation rates were ~40% higher with linoleate than oleate (oleate: 36 ± 8.54 μmol co(2) g(-1) h(- ... | 2011 | 21153644 |
| effective use of tea to limit dietary iron available to starlings (sturnus vulgaris). | wild-caught starlings (sturnus vulgaris) were fed an iron-enriched diet, with or without supplemental black tea leaves, to determine whether tea-derived tannins would prevent intestinal iron absorption. hepatic biopsies were obtained to determine hepatic iron concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. hepatic iron concentrations increased significantly (p = 0.04) in 21 birds that consumed only the iron-enriched diet for 6 mo but not in the 20 birds that consumed the iron-enriched diet wit ... | 2003 | 14582799 |
| anatomy and physiology of left ventricular suction induced by rotary blood pumps. | this study in five large greyhound dogs implanted with a ventrassist left ventricular assist device focused on identification of the precise site and physiological changes induced by or underlying the complication of left ventricular suction. pressure sensors were placed in left and right atria, proximal and distal left ventricle, and proximal aorta while dual perivascular and tubing ultrasonic flow meters measured blood flow in the aortic root and pump outlet cannula. when suction occurred, end ... | 2015 | 26146861 |
| effect of parameter variations on the hemodynamic response under rotary blood pump assistance. | numerical models, able to simulate the response of the human cardiovascular system (cvs) in the presence of an implantable rotary blood pump (irbp), have been widely used as a predictive tool to investigate the interaction between the cvs and the irbp under various operating conditions. the present study investigates the effect of alterations in the model parameter values, that is, cardiac contractility, systemic vascular resistance, and total blood volume on the efficiency of rotary pump assist ... | 2012 | 22489771 |
| nitric oxide improves the hemodynamic performance of the hypoxic goldfish (carassius auratus) heart. | goldfish tolerate prolonged and severe hypoxia, thus representing a well-suited model to study the maintenance of cardiac function when o(2) availability represents a limiting factor. using a working heart preparation, we explored the role of the intracardiac nitric oxide synthase (nos)-derived nitric oxide (no) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. cardiac performance was examined both under basal (constant preload and afterload) and loading conditions, i.e. preload-induced increases in stroke ... | 2014 | 25178168 |
| the seroprevalence of avipoxvirus and its association with avian malaria (plasmodium spp.) infection in introduced passerine birds in the southern regions of the north island of new zealand. | blood samples were collected from 65 free-ranging birds from six species in the southern north island of new zealand. sera from the birds were tested for the presence of avipoxvirus (apv) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and blood cells from 55 birds were also tested for plasmodium spp. by pcr. forty-five birds (69.2%) tested seropositive to apv. song thrushes (turdus philomelos) presented the highest seroprevalence at 100% (4/4), followed by eurasian blackbirds (turdus m ... | 2013 | 23678738 |
| developing dynamic mechanistic species distribution models: predicting bird-mediated spread of invasive plants across northeastern north america. | species distribution models are a fundamental tool in ecology, conservation biology, and biogeography and typically identify potential species distributions using static phenomenological models. we demonstrate the importance of complementing these popular models with spatially explicit, dynamic mechanistic models that link potential and realized distributions. we develop general grid-based, pattern-oriented spread models incorporating three mechanisms--plant population growth, local dispersal, a ... | 2011 | 21670575 |
| using life-histories to predict and interpret variability in yolk hormones. | variation in yolk hormones is assumed to provide the plasticity necessary for mothers to individually optimize reproductive decisions via changes in offspring phenotype, the benefit being to maximise fitness. however, rather than routinely expecting adaptive variation within all species, the pattern and magnitude of yolk hormone deposition should theoretically relate to variation in life-histories. here we present data on intra-clutch variation in yolk corticosterone in three species along a dev ... | 2009 | 18952089 |
| chemical defense in the plant bug lopidea robiniae (uhler). | secretions from the metathoracic glands (mtg) of the black locust bug, lopidea robiniae (uhler) (heteroptera: miridae) contained six major compounds, including (e)-2-hexenal, (e)-2-hexen-1-ol, (e)-2-octenal, (e)-2-octen-1-ol (e)-2-heptenal, and (z)-3-octen-1-ol. males and females did not differ significantly in the relative compositions of identified compounds. in feeding trials, six bird species [robin (turdus migratorious), blue jay (cyanocitta cristata), brown thrasher (toxostoma rufum), kill ... | 2002 | 11944836 |
| [the infradian rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and related periodicity of feather replacement during the molting in passerine birds]. | in the course of 15 days, the thyroxine and corticosterone level was measured daily in blood serum of molting starlings, sturnus vulgaris, by use of enzyme immunodetection method. revealed are three-day rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and four-day one in changes of corticosterone level, both rhythms being synchronized in different birds. a beginning of growth of new oar feathers coincides with maximum thyroxine concentration in blood serum and also demonstrates a three-day period. in free-l ... | 2014 | 25508100 |
| [the infradian rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and related periodicity of feather replacement during the molting in passerine birds]. | in the course of 15 days, the thyroxine and corticosterone level was measured daily in blood serum of molting starlings, sturnus vulgaris, by use of enzyme immunodetection method. revealed are three-day rhythm in changes of thyroxine level and four-day one in changes of corticosterone level, both rhythms being synchronized in different birds. a beginning of growth of new oar feathers coincides with maximum thyroxine concentration in blood serum and also demonstrates a three-day period. in free-l ... | 2014 | 25438569 |
| nest site attributes and temporal patterns of northern flicker nest loss: effects of predation and competition. | to date, most studies of nest site selection have failed to take into account more than one source of nest loss (or have combined all sources in one analysis) when examining nest site characteristics, leaving us with an incomplete understanding of the potential trade-offs that individuals may face when selecting a nest site. our objectives were to determine whether northern flickers (colaptes auratus) may experience a trade-off in nest site selection in response to mammalian nest predation and n ... | 2006 | 16323016 |
| descriptions of two new species of quasithelazia maplestone, 1932 (spirurida: acuariidae) and a redescription of alinema sturni jögis, 1968 from birds in australia. | quasithelazia minuta n. sp. and quasithelazia pearsoni n. sp. (spirurida: acuariidae) are described from todiramphus sanctus (vigors & horsfield) (coraciiformes: alcedinidae) in australia. alinema sturni jögis, 1968 from sturnus vulgaris (l.) (passeriformes: sturnidae) in europe, is considered to belong in the subfamily schistorophinae travassos, 1918 (and not in the seuratiinae chitwood & wehr, 1932, where it has previously been placed) on the basis of the number of the pairs of precloacal papi ... | 2016 | 27307167 |
| evaluation of two methods for quantifying passeriform lice. | two methods commonly used to quantify ectoparasites on live birds are visual examination and dust-ruffling. visual examination provides an estimate of ectoparasite abundance based on an observer's timed inspection of various body regions on a bird. dust-ruffling involves application of insecticidal powder to feathers that are then ruffled to dislodge ectoparasites onto a collection surface where they can then be counted. despite the common use of these methods in the field, the proportion of act ... | 2013 | 24039328 |
| feathers at nests are potential female signals in the spotless starling. | although the presence of feathers in the nest is widespread among birds, it has not been previously suggested that feathers can be used as sexual signals. females of the spotless starling (sturnus unicolor) regularly carry feathers to their nest, mostly during laying and incubation. we show that the arrangement of these feathers was non-random with respect to the side (obverse or reverse) placed upwards (which can be viewed from the nest entrance). feathers of the wood pigeon (columba palumbus) ... | 2005 | 17148200 |
| avian malaria infections in western european mosquitoes. | in the complex life cycle of avian malaria parasites (plasmodium sp.), we still have a poor understanding on the vector-parasite relationships. this study described the community of potential avian malaria vectors in four portuguese reedbeds. we tested if their geographical distribution differed, and investigated on their plasmodium infections. the mosquitoes' feeding preferences were evaluated using co(2), mice, and birds as baits. the most abundant species were culex pipiens, culex theileri, a ... | 2012 | 22427023 |
| mixed life-history strategies in a local population of the ectoparasitic fly carnus hemapterus. | a major issue for the proper understanding of the evolution of life-cycle histories is the regulation of voltinism and its variation. diapause characteristics are known to regulate voltinism, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. this paper studies diapause duration and voltinism variation in a haematophagous diptera parasitizing 2 sympatric hosts with very different breeding phenologies. we hypothesize that bivoltinism will be more frequent in carnid flies parasitizing an early b ... | 2012 | 22716907 |
| why do distress calls evoke interspecific responses? an experimental study applied to some species of birds. | distress calls of birds are well-known to elicit interspecific responses when they are broadcast to different species. we suggest that the interspecificity phenomenon results from the use of similar laws of decoding by all species. to support this hypothesis, we broadcast a simplified synthetic call to five species of birds (larus argentatus, l. ridibundus, vanellus vanellus, corvus frugilegus and sturnus vulgaris). this synthetic call was built by keeping all the parameters involved in the proc ... | 1991 | 24897723 |
| behavioural investigation of polarisation sensitivity in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the european starling (sturnus vulgaris). | many animals have sensitivity to the e-vector of linearly polarised light, which may assist in visually mediated behaviours such as navigation, signalling and foraging. however, it is still controversial as to whether birds possess polarisation sensitivity. several studies have found that altering the polarisation patterns of the broad visual field surrounding birds alters their intended migratory orientation. however, electrophysiological tests have failed to elicit evidence for polarisation se ... | 2003 | 12909701 |
| developmental changes in thyrotropic and somatotropic effect of trh in precocial japanese quail and altricial european starlings. | the thyrotropic and somatotropic effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) in precocial japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and altricial european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) during postnatal ontogeny were studied. concentrations of thyroid hormones (th) and growth hormone (gh) in the circulation were determined 60 min after the subcutaneous administration of trh. in quail, trh caused an increase of triiodothyronine (t(3)) in plasma during the phase of rapid growth, whereas thyroxine (t(4)) ... | 2001 | 11742512 |
| steroid sensitive sites in the avian brain: does the distribution of the estrogen receptor alpha and beta types provide insight into their function? | studies in avian species have often been useful in elucidating basic concepts relevant to the regulation of reproductive behaviors by sex steroid hormones. once a link between a steroid hormone and a behavioral response has been established, one can use the localization of steroid hormone receptors in the brain to facilitate the identification of neural circuits that control behavior. the recent identification of a second type of estrogen receptor called estrogen receptor beta or erbeta has rais ... | 1999 | 10516402 |
| intestinal growth in altricial european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and precocial japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). a morphometric and cytokinetic study. | this paper introduces the comparison of altricial and precocial birds as a model system for the study of patterns of intestinal growth. it reports on comparative morphometric and cytokinetic studies of intestinal growth in altricial european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and precocial japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). morphometric data at five gut segments of neonates and adults of both species are provided to evaluate the growth of the intestine. a double labelling technique combining ... | 1996 | 9078400 |
| muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the songbird and quail brain: a quantitative autoradiographic study. | in order to clarify the neuroanatomical basis for postulated muscarinic cholinergic control of a wide array of physiological processes in birds, the distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brain of three avian species was investigated by quantitative autoradiography. the species consisted of two passerines (songbirds), the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and the song sparrow (melospiza melodia), and one galliform, the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). [3h]n-methyl ... | 1990 | 2229474 |
| new feather mite species of the family pteronyssidae (astigmata: analgoidea) from south african passerines (aves: passeriformes). | four new species of feather mites belonging to three different genera of the family pteronyssidae are described from passerine birds of south africa: pteroherpus africanus sp. n. from the garden bulbul pycnonotus barbatus (desfontaines) (pycnonotidae), pteroherpus cysticolae sp. n. from the wing-snapped cisticola cisticola ayresii hartlaub (sylviidae), pteronyssoides promeropis sp. n. from the gurney's sugarbird promerops gurneyi verreaux (promeropidae), and sturnotrogus creatophorae sp. n. from ... | 2000 | 11151958 |
| the role of the pericardium and the effects of adrenaline and changes in oxygen tension on the performance of an in situ perfused crocodile heart | an in situ perfused crocodile (crocodylus porosus) heart preparation was used to examine the mechanical responses of the heart to increases in adrenaline concentration, to a decrease in oxygen tension and to opening of the pericardium. starling and power curves were constructed before and after these experimental manipulations. increasing adrenaline concentration in the perfusate from 5 nmol l-1 to 0.5 µmol l-1 produced a significant increase in heart rate and a decrease in stroke volume, ... | 1995 | 9320436 |
| the intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart | an in situ perfused crocodile (crocodylus porosus) heart preparation was developed to investigate the effects of input and output pressure on cardiac dynamics and to determine the conditions that lead to a right-to-left cardiac shunt. the pericardium was kept intact, both the left and right atria were perfused and all three outflow tracts (right aortic, left aortic and pulmonary) were cannulated, enabling pressures and flows to be monitored. the perfused heart preparation had an intrinsic heart ... | 1994 | 9317783 |
| a review of the nest protection hypothesis: does inclusion of fresh green plant material in birds' nests reduce parasite infestation? | the use of aromatic plants and their essential oils for ectoparasite treatment is a field of growing interest. several species of birds regularly introduce aromatic herbs into their nests putatively to reduce parasites. the behaviour is most often seen in cavity nesting birds and after nest building has finished. the plants are included in a non-structural manner and are often strongly aromatic. various different hypotheses have been proposed regarding the function of this behaviour; from the pl ... | 2015 | 25804728 |
| effects of introducing threatened falcons into vineyards on abundance of passeriformes and bird damage to grapes. | agricultural landscapes are becoming an important focus of animal conservation, although initiatives to conserve predators to date have rarely provided economic benefits to agricultural producers. we examined whether introduction to vineyards of the new zealand falcon (falco novaeseelandiae), a species listed as threatened by the new zealand department of conservation, affected the abundance of 4 species of passeriformes that are considered vineyard pests or affected the amount of economic loss ... | 2012 | 22010952 |
| occurrence of triclocarban and triclosan in an agro-ecosystem following application of biosolids. | triclocarban (tcc) and triclosan (tcs), two of the most commonly used antimicrobial compounds, can be introduced into ecosystems by applying wastewater treatment plant biosolids to agricultural fields. concentrations of tcc and tcs were measured in different trophic levels within a terrestrial food web encompassing land-applied biosolids, soil, earthworms (lumbricus), deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), and eggs of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and american kestrels (falco sparverius) at ... | 2016 | 27993073 |
| flame retardants in eggs of american kestrels and european starlings from southern lake ontario region (north america). | while a number of studies have extensively investigated flame retardant (fr) contamination in aquatic ecosystems from the laurentian great lakes basin, there remains a dearth of information for terrestrial ecosystems. in the current study, american kestrels (falco sparverius) (amke) and european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) (eust) that are terrestrial ecosystem consumers, and from the southern lake ontario regions, were investigated as potential terrestrial bio-monitoring species. egg homogenate ... | 2012 | 22930373 |
| a study of the rete testis epithelium in several wild birds. | material from six wild non-breeding starlings (sturnus vulgaris), twelve adult wild quelea (quelea quelea) in prenuptial, full and post-breeding condition and one wild puffin (fratercula arctica) was examined by light and electron microscopy. contrary to previous accounts of avian material, the epithelium of the rete testis was composed of a mixture of numerous non-ciliated and fewer ciliated cells. both cell types contained many inclusions in the cytoplasm all of which indicated that the cells ... | 1984 | 6706832 |
| systematics, morphology, and ecological history of the mascarene starlings (aves: sturnidae) with the description of a new genus and species from mauritius. | two endemic starlings, both extinct, have been described from the mascarene islands of réunion and rodrigues: the hoopoe starling, huppe or réunion crested starling fregilupus varius, which is known from 19 skins and a single holocene proximal end of a fossil femur, and the rodrigues starling necropsar rodericanus, which is known as specimens only from fossils of most skeletal elements. both were recorded alive in early accounts of mascarene faunas. a third species of starling cryptopsar ischyrh ... | 2014 | 25112426 |
| a review of the subfamily harpypalpinae fain, 1972 (acariformes: harpirhynchidae)--parasites of passerine birds. | the subfamily harpypalpinae fain, 1972 (acariformes: cheyletoidea: harpirhynchidae) is revised. diagnoses of the subfamily and its two constituent genera, harpypalpus dubinin, 1957 and harpypalpoides lombert and moss, 1979, and keys to females of all known species are provided. data on harpypalpine hosts and distribution are summarized, and nine new species are described: harpypalpus lonchura sp. nov. from lonchura castaneothorax (gould) (estrildidae) in australia, harpypalpus pyrrhula sp. nov. ... | 2014 | 25283118 |
| the importance of nervous and humoral mechanisms in the control of cardiac performance in the atlantic cod gadus morhua at rest and during non-exhaustive exercise. | the nervous regulation of heart rate and stroke volume in the atlantic cod gadus morhua was investigated both in vivo, during rest and exercise, and in vitro. the cholinergic and adrenergic influences on the heart were estimated in experiments with injections of atropine and sotalol. at rest the cholinergic and adrenergic tonus on the heart were 38% and 21%, respectively (ratio 1.81:1). at the end of an exercise period, the cholinergic tonus had decreased to 15% but the adrenergic tonus had incr ... | 1988 | 2463325 |
| amino acid sequence of the ahr1 ligand-binding domain predicts avian sensitivity to dioxin like compounds: in vivo verification in european starlings. | research has demonstrated that the sensitivity of avian species to the embyrotoxic effects of dioxin-like compounds can be predicted by the amino acid identities at two key sites within the ligand-binding domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1). the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) has been established as a highly sensitive species to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds. results from genotyping and in vitro assays predict that the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) i ... | 2014 | 25209921 |
| cytochrome p4501a induction in primary cultures of embryonic european starling hepatocytes exposed to tcdd, pecdf and tcdf. | novel methods that predict the sensitivity of avian embryos to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds (dlcs) using either (1) knowledge of the identity of amino acids at key sites within the ligand binding domain of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1) or (2) a luciferase reporter gene assay that measures ahr1 activation were recently reported. results from both methods predict that european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) embryos have similar sensit ... | 2013 | 23519780 |
| [comparative studies on hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of the chicken (gallus gallus l.) and starling (sturnus v. vulgaris l.)]. | | 1951 | 24540845 |
| volume management in critically ill patients: new insights. | in order to turn a fluid challenge into a significant increase in stroke volume and cardiac output, 2 conditions must be met: 1) fluid infusion has to significantly increase cardiac preload and 2) the increase in cardiac preload has to induce a significant increase in stroke volume. in other words, a patient can be nonresponder to a fluid challenge because preload does not increase during fluid infusion or/and because the heart (more precisely, at least 1 of the ventricles) is operating on the f ... | 2006 | 16924327 |
| the problem of lower esophageal sphincter manometry. an experimental study in vitro. | the relation between sphincter pressure recorded by manometry and sphincter function was studied in three different in vitro models of the lower esophageal sphincter (les). - a les was simulated on gastroesophageal specimens by application of external pressure (a starling model - model i), rubber band(s) (model ii), or loaded plastic band loop(s) (model iii). - pressure in the simulated sphincters (sp) was recorded by pull-through manometry using either a continuously infused 4.5 mm thick compos ... | 1988 | 3254612 |
| effects of plagiorhynchus cylindraceus (acanthocephala) on the energy metabolism of adult starlings, sturnus vulgaris. | although the relationship between intestinal parasitism, the ingestion and use of energy, and host survival is expected, little work has been done to outline the effect of such organisms upon their host's nutritional requirements in an ecological context. this study is the first to demonstrate that an intestinal helminth previously reported to be of little or no histopathological consequence, plagiorhynchus cylindraceus, has a significant detrimental impact upon the flow of food energy through a ... | 1991 | 1780177 |
| pathology (?) of plagiorhynchus cylindraceus in the starling, sturnus vulgaris. | our field study did not support anecdotal claims alleging pathogenicity on the part of p. cylindraceus in starlings. within-clutch analysis of nestling starling weights (n = 25) over time showed that p. cylindraceus had no effect on position in clutch relative to siblings. parasitized nestlings tended to weigh more than control siblings. within-sex analysis of wild adult starling weight (n = 103) showed no difference between animals with acanthocephalans and uninfected animals and weight was not ... | 1983 | 6854478 |
| birds of a feather flock together: insights into starling murmuration behaviour revealed using citizen science. | pre-roost murmuration displays by european starlings sturnus vulgaris are a spectacular example of collective animal behaviour. to date, empirical research has focussed largely on flock movement and biomechanics whereas research on possible causal mechanisms that affect flock size and murmuration duration has been limited and restricted to a small number of sites. possible explanations for this behaviour include reducing predation through the dilution, detection or predator confusion effects (th ... | 2017 | 28628640 |